网络新词英语翻译

网络新词汇编人艰不拆:人生已经如此艰难你就不要再拆穿了不明觉厉:虽然不知道说的什么，但是很厉害的样子何弃疗:为什么放弃治疗累觉不爱:太累了感觉不会再爱了问度娘:去百度屌丝:在网络中常指一个人符合矮、穷、丑、挫、撸、呆、胖这些特征，也指生活中一些比较逼仄的人物。

屌丝（或写作“吊丝”），是中国网络文化兴盛后产生的讽刺用语，开始通常用作称呼“矮矬穷”(与“高富帅”相对)的人。

其中“屌丝”最显著的特征是穷，房子、车子对于屌丝来说是遥不可及的梦。

小清新:最初指的是一种以清新唯美、随意创作风格见长的音乐类型，也就是人们常说的Indie Pop，即独立流行，之后逐渐扩散到文学、电影、摄影等各种文化艺术领域。

如今，这种起初颇为小众的风格，现在已逐步形成一种亚文化现象，受到众多年轻人的追捧。

在中国，偏爱清新、唯美的文艺作品，生活方式深受清新风格影响的一批年轻人，也被叫做“小清新”。

钓鱼执法:英美叫执法圈套（entrapment），这是英美法系的专门概念，它和正当防卫等一样，都是当事人无罪免责的理由。

从法理上分析，当事人原本没有违法意图，在执法人员的引诱之下，才从事了违法活动，国家当然不应该惩罚这种行为。

这种行为如果运用不当将致人犯罪，诱发严重社会问题。

钓鱼执法是政德摧毁道德的必然表现。

思密达:本词在网络上也被用作语气助词和常用后缀，但表达的感情往往与原词相反。

例如“我敬仰你思密达”，其实的意思是“我鄙视你”。

思密达，一般放在句末，表示华丽地否定的意思。

槑:汉语汉字。

亦为网络热词，音同“木”（“木”陕西方言），字由二呆组成，故成为形容人比呆还呆的意思。

槑，其来源于陕西方言，人们常说：槑倯，槑得很，老槑等等，山东日照方言也有此字，形容词，意思接近于倯，不善言辞有无能之意，例如槑神，老槑，槑呲。

在江苏沭阳方言中是指智障患者、精神病患者，也作为打趣、长辈吓唬小孩子用的词语，如老槑子来了。

女汉子:是指一般行为和性格向男性靠拢的一类女性。

ENGLISH ON CAMPUS2018年01期总第389期论网络英语新词的语言特征及翻译文/万佳佳【摘要】伴随着电脑的普及和网络的广泛应用，人们的日常用语也随之变化。

每一天都有各种各样的网络英语新词呈现在人们面前，而如何将这些数量众多的网络新词翻译成英语，也就成了现实生活中无法避免的一个问题。

由于网络英语新词具有自身的特点，译者要根据其特点对其做出准确忠实的翻译，就必须了解网络英语新词翻译的一般特点与内在规律。

【关键词】网络新词；英语；翻译【作者简介】万佳佳(1991- )，女，汉族，安徽安庆人，英语文案，硕士，广东启德教育服务有限公司武汉分公司，研究方向：英语教育、英语翻译。

一、网络语言网络语言是伴随着网络的发展而产生的语言形式，具有简洁生动、丰富多样和易于传播的特点。

网络语言由三种语言成分构成：计算机和网络技术的专业术语；与网络文化相关的术语；CMC交际(computer-mediated communication)使用的特殊用语。

网络语言同传统语言的特征不同。

由于互联网是一种将书面形式口语化的交流方式，因而对网络语言的要求是相对快捷方便。

另一方面，由于互联网更新速度快，涉及范围广，因而网络语言具有简洁易懂，外来词语及术语多的特征。

二、网络英语新词的产生及构成1.网络英语新词产生的原因，特点：网络新词产生的原因很多，主要原因包括政治变化，经济发展，科技更新，社会文化因素。

在政治上，有新词Blairism (布莱尔的政策)，Bushism (布什的政策)等；在经济上，有Ant check later(蚂蚁花呗)online goods(网上商品)等词语。

科技发展中，apolune (远月点)和perilune (近月点)是近年新产生的新词。

社会文化中也同样存在一部分新词，如高冷(cold andelegant)、颜值(Face Score)等。

网络新词具有简单，生动，形象等特点。

并且，网络新词在为大众广泛接受后，可以作为约定俗成的翻译长期存在。

近日，网友“半弦音缠绕”在网络上挂出“2010年网络流行语大盘点”，并提出第一名是“给力”，第二名是跟随小月月爆红的“神马都是浮云”。

值得一提的是，“不给力”的英文翻译“ungelivable”也位列网络流行词第四位。

“虽然老外看不懂，但是ungelivable在中国网友中却大受欢迎。

…ungelivable‟意为不给力，用于形容事物不怎么样，反义词为…gelivable‟。

”帖子中还图文并貌地解释了该中国原创英文单词的含义。

帖子一出，不少网友接招，表示该贴确实“给力”。

遴选2010十大网络流行语，我们觉得很艰难、“鸭梨山大”（压力像山一样大），我们深知神马（什么）红人，神马恶搞，在“油菜花（有才华）”的网友面前，都是浮云！但有信念的我们仍旧决定，在小月月、闹太套、鲤冈鲅、蒜你狠等相关人物、生物提出给力的上诉前坚持这些决定。

“艰难”在这里表达了2层含义，一是众口难调，二是要将其以热度排名也是件难事。

经过网友的票选后，我们终于得到了答案。

也许这个答案并不标准，但起码公允，再次盼望得到您的理解和支持。

No.1 神马都是浮云出处：“神马都是浮云”乃是“什么都是浮云”的谐音，意思是什么都不值得一提。

这一句式的流行则源于国庆期间红遍网络的“小月月”事件，“小月月”以极其诡异的言行雷倒众生。

“神马”和“浮云”的神奇之处，则是当这两个词结合在一起时便可组成万能句式，推之四海皆可用，成为无数网友的口头禅。

造句：加班就加班，神马都不要说，说了也是浮云。

点评：在神马和浮云面前，任何言语都是苍白的。

No.2 给力出处：在2010年世界杯期间，由于与球场的氛围相合，“给力”一词开始成为网络热门词汇。

“给力”一词究竟从哪来的呢？据说是源自中文配音版本的日本搞笑动漫《西游记——旅程的终点》。

画面一开始，师徒历经磨难到达天竺后，却发现所谓天竺只有面小旗子，上书“天竺”二字。

悟空不无抱怨地说：“这就是天竺吗，不给力啊老师。

”所谓“不给力”就是形容和自己预想的目标相差甚远。

2013十大流行语英文怎么说？昨天，2013年十大流行语新鲜出炉。

它们由著名语文刊物《咬文嚼字》集合国内语言文字专家评选而出，分别为：中国梦、光盘、倒逼、逆袭、女汉子、土豪、点赞、微××、大V、奇葩。

透过这些小小的“热词”，窥见的是民众的大智慧和大幽默。

那么你一定很好奇如何用英文表达它们吧，今天Spiiker小编为你献上新鲜整理的翻译吧。

中国梦英文翻译：Chinese dream中国梦以其清新的理念和亲和的风格，为广大民众所认同，成为2013年度的全民流行语。

光盘英文翻译：Clear your plate光盘就是吃光盘中饭菜的意思。

2013年1月，北京一家民间公益组织发起“光盘行动”（Clear your plate campaign）。

随后，中央电视台新闻联播，号召大家节约粮食。

“光盘”被捧为时尚新词，“今天你光盘了吗”成为流行语。

倒逼英文翻译：reversed transmission of the pressure to get something done 倒逼，即逆向促使。

倒逼来源于经济领域中货币供给的倒逼机制。

如今扩大了使用范围，“由下而上”“由流溯源”“由果问因”等行为，都可以称“倒逼”。

逆袭英文翻译：counterattack under unfavorable circumstances从日语引进的新词，意思是在逆境中反击成功。

如今意义和用法拓展，新事物冲击旧事物、后浪推前浪等待，都可称逆袭。

女汉子英文翻译：tough girl, manly woman“女汉子”指带有“纯爷们性格”的女性。

土豪英文翻译：Nouveau riche本是汉语中固有词语。

在20世纪上半叶，特指有财有势横行乡里的地主恶霸。

今日之“土豪”泛指现实社会中富而不贵的群体。

点赞英文翻译：like起源于各大社交网站的“赞”功能。

当下频频出现在报刊上的“点赞”，词义有了演变，它成了点评的一种。

本科生毕业论文On C-E Translation of Chinese Net Neologisms from the Perspective of Functional Translation Theory功能翻译理论视角下的汉语网络新词英译学生姓名：X x学号：xxxxxxxx专业：英语实习单位：河南省镇平县卢医镇东风小学指导教师：林自华讲师二○一六年四月功能翻译理论视角下的汉语网络新词英译2012级英语专业本科学生姓名xx指导老师xx摘要：近年来随着社会、经济和网络文化的发展，汉语网络新词层出不穷，网络新词是从网络平台中产生和发展起来，并通过互联网迅速在广大网民中间流行起来的词汇。

它与现代人的交流方式和思想状态密切相关，在一定程度上是当代网络文化发展的反映，既承载了一定的社会内涵，又体现了中国时代发展的变化。

随着国际交流的日益广泛，网络新词的英译也运应而生。

而网络新词的英语翻译不同于普通文本的翻译，其时效性、目的性和实用性都很强。

纵观目前的网络新词翻译，我们不难发现当前的新词翻译还不是很规范，出现了冗长翻译，中式翻译以及翻译不严谨等问题。

因此，针对目前网络新词翻译的特点和网络新词英译良莠不齐的现象，如何将网络新词准确、恰当地翻译成英文值得翻译工作者研究和探索。

本文试图以实用性较强的德国功能派翻译理论为指导，探讨该理论对网络新词英译的指导作用。

文章首先介绍网络新词的定义、特点以及网络新词的翻译现状和问题，然后从功能翻译理论的角度出发，通过对网络新词的英译实例进行分析，探讨针对网络新词的翻译策略和方法，最后得出功能翻译理论对网络新词英语翻译具有指导作用的结论，为今后类似的实用翻译提供有益的参考和借鉴。

关键词：汉语网络新词；功能翻译理论；英译On C-E Translation of Chinese Net Neologisms from the Perspective of Functional Translation TheorySchool: Foreign Languages SchoolName: xxxSupervisor: xxxxxAbstract: With the development of social, economy and internet culture, Chinese Net Neologism has sprung up in recent years. Net Neologism is produced and developed from the network, and becomes popular among netizens through the Internet quickly. It has close relations with the ways of communication and the thoughts of people in modern society, it also reflects the innovation of network culture to some extent. Chinese Net Neologism not only carries certain social connotation, but also reflects the changes of China in the new era. As international communication becomes increasingly closed, the translation (from Chinese to English) of Chinese net neologism has been in urgent need. However, with the traits of temporality, objectivity and practicality, the translation of Chinese Net Neologism is bit different from the common text translation. There are still some problems exist in the Net Neologism translation nowadays, such as lengthy translation, incomplete translation, improper selection of the word meaning and Chinglish translation etc. Therefore, how to translate the Chinese Net Neologism more accurately and properly is worth to study and explore by the translators.This paper attempts to apply the functional theory to the translation of Chinese net neologisms and explore the appropriate translation guidance. The paper first introduces the definition, characteristics, the current situation and problems of Chinese net neologisms translation; then based on functional theory and the characteristics Chinese net neologisms, through analyzing and comparing the examples of traditional translation and functional translation of Chinese net neologisms, we find functional translation theory is suitable for Chinese net neologisms translation. Finally, we draw a conclusion that functional translation theory can serve as the guideline theory for Chinese net neologisms translation, which alsoprovide beneficial references for the other pragmatic translation.Key Words: Chinese Net Neologisms; Functional Translation Theories; C-E TranslationCONTENTS摘要 (i)Abstract .................................................................................................................................... i i 1. Introduction . (1)1.1 The Definition of Chinese Net Neologisms (1)1.2The Characteristics of Chinese Net Neologisms (2)1.3 The Development of Net Neologisms (2)2. Traditional Translation Methods for Chinese Net Neologisms (4)2.1Brief Introduction of the Traditional Translation Theories (4)2.1.1Literal Translation (4)2.1.2 Transliteration (5)2.1.3 Free Translation (5)2.1.4 Word Creation .................................................................................................... .62.2 Current Situation and Problems of Net Neologisms Translation (6)2.2.1 Lengthy Translation (7)2.2.2 Chinglish Translation (7)2.2.3 Incomplete Translation (7)3. Theoretical Framework: Functional Translation Theory (8)3.1 The Definition of Functional Translation Theory (8)3.2 The Core of Functional Translation Theory (8)3.2.1 Vermeer‟s Skopos Theory (9)3.2.2 Nord and Her Function Plus Loyalty Theory (9)3.3 The Applicability of Functional Translation Theory to Practical Translation (11)parison of Traditional Translation and Functional Translation for Chinese Net Neologisms Translation (11)4.1 The Comparison and Analysis of C-E Translation for "喜大普奔" (12)4.2The Comparison and Analysis of C-E Translation for "给力" (13)4.3The Comparison and Analysis of C-E Translation for"人肉搜索" (14)5. Conclusion (15)Bibliography (17)Acknowledgement (18)1. Introduction1.1 The Definition of Chinese Net NeologismsWith the development of social, economy and internet culture, Chinese Net Neologism has sprung up in r ecent years. A large number of new words emerging from the Internet, some words appeared overnight and became popular very quickly. For example, “雷人”, “给力”, “暖男”, “杯具”, “乐活族”and so on. Net Neologism reflects the latest social phenomenon, it has the characteristics of update speedily, it just likes a mirror, can reflect the characteristics of Chinese culture and development pace, some even can reflect the development of Chinese philosophy（Zhu, 2011）. Net Neologisms are so universal in today‟s society that they have become a necessary part in people's life. We get neologisms from mass media, such as TV, radio, newspaper, magazine, the internet, etc. Today, net neologisms have become a source of Chinese vocabulary. It is no longer limited to the Internet community of our Country, it has gradually permeated into our daily life and even the official media and the internet communication of home and abroad, which brought new challenge to Chinese translators. Chinese net neologisms have become an important research subject in the field of language research, and also cause the attention of many scholars in translation circles. So what is Chinese Net Neologisms?Chinese Net Neologisms, just as its name implies, are produced and developed from the network platform, and become popular among netizens through the Internet quickly （zhang, 2011）. Net neologism firstly originated from the network, and widely accepted by people who prefer to use these new words. The word “neologism” first appeared in English in 1772,which originated from the Greek language（Sun, 2013）. Its prefix “neo” means “new”, and “logos” refers to “words”, so the term “neologism” has the meaning of “new words" basically. Liaozhiqin also had explicitly pointed out that new word jargons includes just words that producing for a short time words, also include the new meanings and new usage of old words (Liao, 2008). In the special network environment, according to the features of network communication, includes immediacy, widespread mergence and informal, netizens create unique net neologisms. The emergence of Net Neologisms attributed to two factors: socialdevelopment and linguistic evolution. To meet the rapid development of social economy, new technology and modern life , a large amount of new words such as “给力”，“高富帅”, “普大喜奔” etc. appeared. These new words usually us ed in network and make people's communication more easily and conveniently. Besides, the development of modern economy and social life certainly have brought changes to our language and ways of communication , thus more and more new words which contain special meaning were appeared in this network era.1.2 The Characteristics of Chinese Net NeologismsSince the Net Neologisms is the “new-born” language, they are characterized in the following aspects: firstly, the character is the new time, it refers to under certain time reference point, the limitation for freshness of time of net neologism; Secondly, the character is net neologism has new content, in other words, net neologisms are mostly endowed with new meanings by extended or escaping method. They often reflect the newly appeared social phenomena or a profound current event, they try to express/convey the majority of Internet users‟ opinions in the first time; Thirdly, net neologism are updated quickly, today's network information is enormous because things are changing every day. there are a lot of new words appeared accompanying these changes, the old ones are out of date and the other new ones become popular, so Net neologisms have the characteristics of innovation. Network provides Internet users with freedom space to develop their fully imagination and creativity, which makes the new words more ingenious in design and more concise in expression. Then new word-building is flexible and fashionable. In a word, characteristics of Chinese Net Neologisms are combined by parody, homophonic, personification and so on. Besides, metaphors often used in Net Neologisms as rhetorical devices, such as "防火墙", "杯具", etc.1.3 The Development of Net NeologismsNet neologisms have been gradually mature after more than ten years of development; we can explore the neologisms from the following aspects.1.3.1 The emergence of Net NeologismsThe Internet is one of the greatest inventions in 20th century. It brings unbelievableinfluence on people‟s daily life. The Internet i s not only cause unprecedented technological revolution, but also a cultural and linguistic revolution. Under this circumstance, the net neologisms neologism is a language with the revolution of science and technology arises at the new century, it is the reflection of new era of economic, social, cultural, religious, political, and other fields. Inputting key word "Internet word" in CNKI, we can see 20846 articles, a total of 300 pages. It is the explosive growth since 2009.1.3.2 Origins of Chinese NeologismsTranslators have already made obvious definitions of Chinese net neologisms, yet it is still significant and essential to explore the origins of them. Generally speaking, there are five main sources of neologisms（Sun, 2013）.Firstly, some net neologisms derive from foreign languages, that is, localization of the foreign words. As the Chinese and western have closely communication, many foreign words have penetrated into China, For example, “S崩极”(Bungee jumping), “必应”(Bing), “博客”(blog), “黑客”(Hacker), “啃老族”(NEET group).The second source of net neologisms is old words with new meanings, that is, modernization of the old words. The word may be embedded with new meanings.With the creation of the network; people's language has undergone a series of reforms. The use of internet is called “surfing”, the “invisible” (隐身) becomes “dive” (潜水), Though they are homonyms or have similar sound, certain words have completely different meanings. These neologisms are commonly used in advocacy work to attract people's attention.The third source of Chinese net neologisms is formed by adopting dialects, that is, expansion of words in a dialect. With the rapid social and economic development, quite many words in the dialects have penetrated into Mandarin vocabulary. There are many adopted northern dialect words, such as, “折腾” (No Z-tum), “菜鸟”(green hand), “躲猫猫” (hide-and-seek scandal), “傍大款”(wealthy sugar daddy).Fourthly, some are words newly coined to express new things and concepts. There appear many new words along with the birth of new things or new phenomena. For example, with the Internet appearing, some popular online words appear. For example, “给力”means togive freshness and energy. “范跑跑”(Run Run Fan), “福娃”(Fuwa), “坑爹”(cheating, deceiving me, just like kidding your father) and so on.Lastly, some net neologisms are borrowed from the industry terminology in order to generalize the terms in specialized areas. The following are examples of the kind. For example:胶囊旅馆.“胶囊” is the name of kind of medicine, a p hrase used in medical area. “胶囊旅馆” refers to the hotel whose size is small and rooms are usually divided into merely two floors, Another example:经济适用男(budget husband). The phrase “经济适用男” is borrowed from the expression “经济适用房”(economical housing),a phrase that is often used in the field of building industry referring to the residence houses only for low-and-medium wage earners. “经济适用男” has the similar features of "economical housing” .2. Traditional Translation Methods for Chinese Net Neologisms2.1 Brief Introduction on the Traditional Translation TheoriesTraditional translation methods are various, for example, literal translation means net neologisms can be translated directly word by word, their contents keep consistent with their forms; Transliteration means that we use similar pronunciation in order to highlight the language function(Lin, 2009); Free translation, Some net neologisms in the English language is not the same expression to reflect the same content, use literal translation or transliteration cannot make people understanding clearly, here we need free translation, to adjust cultural factors, so as to achieve "functional equivalence”; word creation, With the enhancement of relationship between China and west, it begins to produce new words to correspond Chinese new words. Here have some typical examples（Cheng, 2011）.2.1.1 Literal TranslationNew words in the English translation of the network, if it can be directly or indirectly to find equivalent words from the western culture, although there is a big difference but there is also a common part, in this kind of circumstance translators can adopt the method of literal translation, it contains both the original features, also will not result in a "target language" of information loss and misun derstanding of readers. For example the recent “暖男” is acommon word, “暖男” image not only emphasizes the handsome appearance, more is to convey a warm feeling, directly translated as "a warm man" or "sunshine boy", this is an emotional and romantic, like thoughtful is born gift "sunshine boy", "sunshine boy" became the personification of the warm and sweet. “血拼” in English is "shopping", it has the meaning expression, in order to embody a crazy shopping means the cultural connotation, we need to add footnotes, can be translated as "shopping like crazy" or "a shopping spree". Also similar to "kill" (second time), "Bromeo (Bromeo)," "flaunt wealth" (show off one‟s wealth), and "coupon" (group buying), etc.2.1.2 TransliterationNet neologism, phrases and deformation of transliteration words, has better use its pinyin, because there was no corresponding translation in English. For example, many words from the Chinese loan words are directly using pinyin. Such as鸭梨（Yali），虾米（Xiami），屌丝（Diaosi）,so 鸭梨is translated as yali, noted a Chinese hit word，means pressure; 杯具（悲剧）is translated as Beiju, noted a Chinese hit word，means tragedy. "屌丝" ，the word of the more popular English translation is an underdog/loser, often used in tournament competition, especially in sports competition and political campaign at a disadvantage. "屌丝" ，its connotation and the underdog is, in fact, there is a big difference between the initial, "屌丝" refers to the more humble, life of mediocrity, no goal, lack of enthusiasm, dissatisfaction with the status quo, but again the height of the desire for social recognition, I do not know how to change the image representative of his own fate. People who has this attitude are widespread in the us, which led to the birth of network new words "屌丝".The meaning of the words with Chinese characteristics, want to consider the connotation and denotation of words, can't simply equal with the underdog. Therefore, translators can consider the method of transliteration (plus annotation) , it is translated as “diaosi”，a specific group of young men with humble background，filled with entanglement，and facing reality helplessly.2.1.3 Free TranslationSome net neologisms in the English language is not the same expression to reflect the same content, use literal translation or transliteration cannot produce considerable effect, hereneed free translation, to adjust cultural factors, so as to achieve "functional equivalence". To comply with English readers' understanding and thinking habit, convey the connotation and meaning of net neologism, reserve center word, change the type of translation. For example, heat in the network of the word "土豪", refers to some money in the past, who love flaunt wealth without cultural taste, now in combination with cultural connotation of words, the translation has a bit neutral, such as newly rich，Beverly Hillbillies. “女汉子”is described in Chinese means character like a boy, "女汉子" highlights women realize self-value psychology, is a neutral partial positive. In order to express the meaning of the word completely, we need adjectives to modify, translated as tough girl/cowgirl, because relative to men and women who can't distinguish the tomboy (tomboy), they have become more independent side of more.2.1.4 Word CreationWith the improvement of Chinese culture influence, Chinese net neologism embodies the inclusive of English in the process of the new words in the English translation （Zhang,2006）; it begins to produce new words to correspond Chinese new words. In order to achieve the best expression of the Chinese culture, the corresponding to the meaning of new words has 蚁族（antizen＝ant ＋citizen），网民（netizen＝net ＋citizen），和微博（microblog＝micro ＋blog）and so on。

1.神马都是浮云It's all fleeting cloud.2.山寨fake, counterfeit, copycat3.宅男Otaku (“homebody” in English)；geek4.被雷倒(到)了in shock5.纠结ambivalent6.忐忑anxious7.悲催a tear-inducing misery8.坑爹the reverse of one’s expectation9.哥只是传说Brother is only a legend.10.伤不起vulnerable; be prone to getting hurt11.你懂的It goes without saying that…12.吐槽disclose one’s secret13.小清新like [好似] a breath of fresh air14.穿越剧time-travel TV drama15.至于你信不信，反正我是信了。

Whether you believe it or not, I am convinced.16.拼爹daddy-is-the-key; parents privilege competition17.做人呢，最重要是开心。

Happiness is the way.18.卖萌act cute19.腹黑scheming20.折翼的天使an angel with broken wings21.淡定calm; unruffled22.羡慕嫉妒恨envious, jealous and hateful23.团购group purchasing24.微博Microblog25.富二代rich second generation26.林来疯Linsanity27.凡客体Vanclize/Vancl Style28.微博控twuilt (来自于twitter和guilt两个字，表示不发微博心里就内疚)29.海归(海龟) overseas returnee30.搏出位be a famewhore; seek attention31.自主招生university autonomous enrollment32.北约、华约（高考招生）Beijing University-led enrollment alliance Tsinghua University-led enrollment alliance33.犀利哥Brother Sharp34.蚁族ant-like graduates35.范儿style36.萝莉Lolita37.秒杀seckill; speed kill38.剩女leftover ladies; 3S women (3S=single, seventies, stuck)39.蜗居dwelling narrowness; a bedsitter40.人肉搜索human flesh search engine/cyber manhunt。

wear well 经久耐用 wear 穿wearable 可穿用的wearer 穿用者weariful 疲乏的wearily 疲倦地weariness 疲倦wearing apparel 衣服wearing 磨损的wearisome 使疲倦的weary of 厌烦weary out 消磨weary 疲倦的weasand 气管weasel from 逃避weasel out 退出weasel words 遁辞weasel 鼬鼠weasel-faced 瘦长脸的weather beam 上风舷weather breeder 暴风雨前的沉静weather bureau 气象局weather chart 气象图weather deck 露天甲板weather eye 警惕weather forecast 天气预报weather gauge 居上风之地位weather in 停航weather map 气象图weather out 因天气坏而取消weather service 气象服务weather ship 气象观测船weather station 气象站weather strip 挡风雨条weather stripping 挡风雨条weather through 度过weather vane 风标weather-beaten 饱经风霜的weather-bound 因天气受阻的weather-stained 变色的weather-strip 装以盖缝条weather-wise 善于预测天气的weatherboard 挡风舷weatherboarding 护墙板weathercock 风标weatherglass 晴雨表weathering 风化weatherly 向上风的weatherproof 防风雨的weathertight 防风雨的weatherworn 风雨侵蚀的weave throngh 迂回通过weave 编织weaver 织工weaverbird 织巢鸟web site 网站web-fingered 蹼指的web-footed 脚蹼web-toed 蹼趾的webbed 成网状的webbing 带子webby 丝网的webfoot 蹼趾动物Website 网络站点wedded 结婚wedding breakfast 喜宴wedding ceremony 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古怪weirdy 古怪的人weka 秧鸡welch 逃避债务Welcome aboard！请上船welcome back 欢迎归来welcome in 款待weld into 结合weld 焊接weldable 可焊的welder 焊接工welfare fund 福利基金welfare state 福利国家welfare work 福利事业welfare worker 从事救济者welfarism 社会福利welkin 天空well and truly 准确地well as a storm 不合时宜的Well begun is half done 好的开端是成功的一半well done 做得不错Well fed，well bred 吃得饱well sinker 打井工well then 那么well up 涌出well-advised 审慎的well-appointed 设备完善的well-connected 有好亲戚的well-content 十分满意的well-defined 明确的well-disposed 怀好意的well-doer 善人well-favored 漂亮的well-favoured 漂亮的well-fed 营养充足的well-fixed 有钱的well-found 设备完善的well-founded 有根据的well-groomed 被小心照料的well-grounded 基础牢固的well-heeled 富有的well-informed 熟悉的well-intentioned 好意的well-judged 判断正确的well-kept 保管妥当的well-knit 结实的well-liking 健康的well-lined 装满的well-mannered 行为端正的well-marked 识别清楚的well-meaning 善意的well-meant 没有恶意的well-nigh 几乎well-off 顺利的well-ordered 秩序井然的well-pleasing 满意的well-preserved 保养的很好well-proportioned 比例恰当的well-read 博学的well-regulated 井然有序的well-reputed 获得好评的well-rounded 丰满的well-set 装配坚固的well-spoken 得体的well-suited 适当的well-thought-of 声誉好的well-timed 时机正好的well-to-do 小康的well-tried 经过磨练的well-turned 姿态优美的well-wisher 祝福者well-wishing 祝福well-worn 用旧了的welladay 呜呼！哀哉！wellaway 呜呼wellborn 出身名门的welldoer 善人welldoing 善行wellhandled 处理妥当的wellhead 水源wellspring 水源Welsh rabbit 威尔士干酪welsh 食言welsher 骗人Welshman 威尔士男子welt 贴边Weltanschauung 世界观welter 翻滚welterweight 次中量级拳击手wen 粉瘤wench 乡下姑娘wend 走went about 四处走动went abroad 出国went across 走过went along with 结伴而行went along 前进went around 走来走去went astray 走失went at 攻击went away 离开went back of 探查究竟went back on one'sword 食言went back on 毁约went below 走下甲板went between 调停went bythe name of 被称为went down on one'sknees 屈膝went downtown 到市区went for a walk 散步went for an outing to 去远足went forth 公告went halves 平分wenti went off the deep end仓促行事went off 爆炸went on a journey 去旅行went on a light diet养成吃清淡食物的习惯went on errands 出差went one's own way 一意孤行went out of one's mind发疯went out of use 开始不用went round and round旋转went short of 匮乏went through channels 按步就班went through with完成went through 审查went to pieces 瓦解went to the movies 去看电影went to the vote 被提交表决went to town 寻欢作乐went to 准备做went together 调和went under the knife 接受手术went under 沉没went up to 前往went up 上升went with 陪伴went without saying 不言而喻went without 没有went wrong 走错路wept 哭泣were it not for 若不是有werewolf 狼人werwolf 狼人weskit 马甲Wesleyanism 卫斯理宗教义West Bengal 孟加拉邦west end 伦敦西区West Indies 西印度群岛West Lothiam 西洛锡安West Point 西点军校West Pointer 西点毕业生westbound 向西进行的westering 向西westerly 西的western church 罗马教会western empire 西罗马帝国western hemisphere西半球western roll 滚竿式跳高Western Roman Empire西罗马帝国western 西方人westerner 美国西部人westernize 使西洋化westernmost 最西的westing 西行WestminsterAbbey 威斯敏斯特教堂westmost 最西的westward西方westwardly 向西westwards 向西方地wet bargain 饮酒成交wet behind the ears少不更事的wet blanket 弄湿的毯子wet cell 湿电池wet down 洒水wet dream 梦遗wet goods 湿货wet nurse 奶妈wet one's whistle 润喉wet plate 湿板wet smack 讨厌的人wet the other eye 再喝一杯酒wet to the skin 全身湿透的wet 湿的wet-blanket 用湿毯扑灭wet-nose 年轻无经验wet-nurse 奶妈wether 阉羊wetland 潮湿的土壤wetly 潮湿地wetness 湿润wetter 湿润剂wettest 湿的wetting agent 润湿剂wettish 潮湿的wey 韦whack 敲击whacked 疲惫不堪whacker 好大的whacking 巨大的whacky 怪诞的whale calf 幼鲸whale fishery 捕鲸whale fishing 捕鲸whale line 捕鲸用的缆绳whale oil 鲸油whale 鲸whale-calf 幼鲸whaleback 鲸背船whaleboat 捕鲸船whalecalf 幼鲸whaleman 捕鲸者whaler 捕鲸者whaling 捕鲸wham 重打声whammy 晦气whang 重击whangdoodle 废话whangee 黄竹wharf 码头wharfinger 码头管理员what a nice day 好天气what about 怎样what by what by 半用……半用what can I do for you 我能帮你做什么吗what follows 下列所述what for 为何what is called 所谓What is done by nightappears by day 若要人不知除非己莫为what is more 更甚者what is said above 以上所指出者What is sauce for thegoose is sauce for thegander 对别人如何对自己也应如何what they call 所谓what with 因为what you call 所谓What you lose on theswings you get back on theroundabouts 失之东隅收之桑榆what 什么What's bred in thebone will come out in theflesh 本性总要表露what's cool 最酷的What's done cannot beundone 覆水难收what's new 最新的what's on 在展览什么what's up 怎么了what's what 事情之真相what's wrong 怎么了what-for 惩罚what-if 假设whatever 无论whatman 绘画纸whatnot 古董架whatso 不论什么whatsoe'er 不论什么whatsoever 无论什么wheal 鞭痕wheat germ 麦芽wheat 小麦wheatear 麦翁禽wheaten 小麦的wheatgrass 芽草Wheatstone bridge 惠斯通电桥wheedle 诱惑wheel alignment 前轮定位wheel and axle 轮轴wheeland deal 独立行动wheelbox 传动箱wheel chair 轮椅wheel 轮wheelbarrow独轮手推车wheelbase 轴距wheelchair 轮椅wheeled 有轮的wheeler车夫wheeler-dealer 追求利益的人wheelhorse 后马wheelhouse 舵手室wheelman 舵手wheelswithin wheels 复杂的结构wheelwright 车轮制造人wheeze 喘息wheezily 气喘地wheeziness 气喘状wheezy 气喘声的whelk 粉刺whelm 淹没whelp 小狗when all comes to all 全局考虑后when all is saidand done 毕竟when all issaid 结果when Dover andCalais meet 决不WhenGreek meets Greek thencomes the tug of war 两强相遇相斗激烈when one'sclock strikes 临终whenone's ship comes home 当愿望实现时when pigs fly 永无可能when the devil isblind 不可能when the seagives up its dead 在耶稣复活的时候whenas 然而whence 来处whencesoever 无论从什么地方whene'er 什么时侯whensoever 无论何时where the shoe pinches 关Where there's reek andthere's heat 无风不起浪where'er 何处whereabouts 下落whereafter 随后whereas然而whereat 因何whereby 凭什么wherefore因此wherefrom 从那wherein 何在whereinto向那whereof 关于什么whereon 如何wheresoever在其上wherethrough 经其处whereto 为什么whereunto 向何处whereupon 因此wherewith 用什么wherewithal 钱财herry摆渡船whet 磨whether orno 不管怎样whether ornot 是否whetstone 磨石whew 吹哨声whey 乳浆whey-face 苍白的脸色whey-faced 脸色苍白的whichsoever 不论何者wwhiffet 小狗whiffle 徐缓地吹whiffy 发臭气的Whig 辉格党Whiggery 辉格党原则Whiggish 辉格党主义的Whiggism 辉格党教义whigmaleerie 幻想while away 消磨whiles 有时候whilom 曾经whilst 时时whim 奇想whimbrel 杓鹞whimper 呜咽whimsey 怪念头whimsical 心情浮动的whimsicality 心情浮动whimsy 心情浮动whin 棘豆whinchat 野翁whine about 发牢骚、whine out 嘀咕地说出whine 抱怨whinger 短剑whinny 马嘶声whinstone 玄武岩whiny 发牢骚的whip and spur 飞速地whip hand 执鞭之手whip in 驱赶whip off 用鞭驱散whipround 回头whip the devilround the stump 取巧whip together 纠集whip up 鞭打whip-round 捐款whipcord鞭绳whiplash 鞭绳whipped cream 生奶油whipper-in 院内政党干事whippersnapper 傲慢的家伙whippet 小灵狗whipping boy 代人受罪者whipping post 鞭打柱子whipping top 鞭抽陀螺whippletree 横木whippoorwill 北美夜鹰whippy 鞭子的whipsaw粗木锯whipster 小人物whipstitch 锁缝whipstock 鞭柄whir 呼呼whirl 旋转whirlabout 旋转whirligig 旋转木马whirlpool 漩涡whirlwind旋风whirly 旋转的whirlybird 直升飞机whirr 呼呼声whish 呼呼声whisht 无声的whisk broom 小笤帚whisk 扫帚whisker 腮须whiskers 腮须whiskey 威士忌酒whisky威士忌酒whisper 耳语whispering campaign 政治诽谤运动whisperinggallery 回音廊whist 嘘！ whistle downthe wind 放弃whistle in the dark给自己壮胆whistle jigs to amilestone 对牛弹琴whistle stop 小城whistle up 召集whistle 口哨whistle-stop 作竞选活动whistler 吹口哨的人whistling kettle 呜笛水壶whit 一点点white about the gills 脸色发白white alert 解除空袭警报white alloy 假银white amur 草鲤white ant 白蚁white arsenic 砒霜white as a sheet 极苍白的white bear 白熊white blood cell 白细胞white coal 白煤white coffee 加牛奶的咖啡white dew 冻露white dwarf 白矮星white elephant 白象white feather 胆怯white flag 白旗white friar 修道士white fungus 白木耳white gloves 白手套white gold 人造白金white gourd tea 冬瓜茶white gourd 冬瓜white hole 不适当的间隔white horse 怀特霍斯White House 白宫white lead 铅白white lie 善意谎言white light 白光white lime 熟石灰white list 白名单white matter 白质white metal 白合金white mouth 鹅口疮white mule 私酿酒white night 不眠夜white noise 白噪音white oak 白栎white of the eye 白眼球White Pages 用户数据库white pepper 白胡椒white pine 美国五针松white plague 肺结核病white poplar 白杨树white potato 白马铃薯white primary 白人预选white room 绝尘室White Russia 白俄罗斯white sale 大减价white slave 白人妓女white trash 穷苦白人white waistcoat 白背心white war 白色战争white water 浪花white 白色white-collar 白领阶层的white-faced 面容苍白的white-haired 长着白毛的white-headed 白发的white-hot 白热的white-lipped 嘴唇发白的white-livered 小心的white-tailed deer 白尾鹿whitebait 白鱼whitecap 白帽队队员whited sepulcher 伪君子whitefish 鳟鱼Whitehall 怀特霍尔whitehanded 两手雪白的whiten 漂白whitening 弄白whiteout 乳白天空whiter 白的whites 白带whitesmith 锡铁匠whitetail 白尾鹿whitethorn 山楂whitethroat 黄莺whitewash 白色涂料whitewing 清道夫whitewood 白色木材whitey 白人社会whither 到哪里whithersoever 无论何处whiting 白粉whitish 发白的whitlow 蹄冠炎Whitsun 降灵节的Whitsunday 降灵节whittle down 削减whittle 切whity 发白的whiz kid 神童whiz 嗽嗽声whizbang 爆竹的一种whizz along 急驶而过whizz 专家Who holds the purserules the house 有钱就有势who's who 名人录whoa 惊叹声whodunit 侦探小说whole blood 全血whole brother 亲兄弟whole hog 最大程度wholelife insurance 终身人寿保险whole meal 粗面粉whole milk 全脂奶whole number 整数whole show 核心人物whole sister 亲姐妹whole step 全音程whole-colored 清一色的whole-hogger 彻底支持者whole-hoofed 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98 Windows 98Windows applicationWindows应用程序windows are protected 窗口有保护Windows character setWindows 字符集Windows defaultWindows 默认值Windows exit 退出Windowswindows in backgroundWindows 在后台Windows NT Windows NTwindows of activeworkbook 当前工作簿活动窗口Windows setupWindows设置程序Windows start 启动Windowswindows text 窗口文本Windows tutorialWindows教程windowsill 窗台windpipe 气管windrow 干草列windsail 通风筒windshield 挡风玻璃windsock 风向袋Windsor chair 细骨靠椅Windsor tie 温莎领带windstick 螺旋桨windstorm 暴风windswept 风刮的windtight 不透风的windup 终结windward 向上风windy 多风的wine and dine 吃喝wine cellar 酒之贮藏室wine cooler 冷酒器wine 葡萄酒wine-colored 深红色的wine-cup 葡萄酒杯winebag 葡萄酒袋winebibber 酒仙winebottle 酒瓶winebowl 大酒杯wineglass 葡萄酒杯wineglassful 一酒杯的量winegrower 酿造者winepress 葡萄榨汁器winery 酿葡萄酒厂Winesap 晚熟苹果wineskin 葡萄酒囊wing case 翅鞘wing chair 高背椅wing it 即兴表演wing plane 僚机wing sheath 翅鞘wing station 机翼站wing 翅wing-footed 飞快的wing-room 厢房wingding 闹酒狂欢winged rocket 带翼火箭winged Victory 胜利女神winged words 中肯的话winged 有翼的wingman 僚机驾驶员wingmanship 飞行技术wings 飞行章wingspan 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the event事后聪明的wise guy 自作聪明者wise up 知道wiseacre 自以为是wisecrack 俏皮话wisent 野牛wish fulfillment 愿望满足wish on 强加于wish-wash 淡的饮料wishbone 叉骨wishful thinking 如意算盘wishfully 渴望地wishy-washy 缺乏力量wisp 缕wispy 细微的wistaria 紫藤wistful 渴望的wistfully 渴望地wistfulness 渴望Wit once bought isworth twice taught 一次亲身体验抵过两次教导witchdoctor 巫医witch hunt 政治迫害witch 巫婆witch-hunt 猎女巫witch-hunter 进行迫害的人witch-hunting 政治迫害witchcraft 巫术witchery巫术witching 有魅力的witenagemot 国会with a bad grace 勉强地with a bold hand 大胆地with a firm hand 坚决地with a free hand 慷慨地with a good grace 情愿地with a grain of salt 有保留地with a heavy hand 粗心地with a high hand 用高压手段with a hook at the end内心有保留地with a pinch of salt有保留地with a rush 猛地witha sigh 长叹一声with astart 一惊而with astrong hand 坚决地with avengeance 猛烈地with a view of 目的with a view to 着眼于with a wet finger 不费力地with a will 努力with all one's heart 全心全意地with an eye to 着眼于with an iron hand in a velvet glove 外柔内刚地with an iron hand 以铁腕with bated breath 屏息地with both feet 坚决地with cap in hand 恭敬地with caution 小心地with child 怀孕with clean hands 清白地with discretion 谨慎地with flying colors 出色地with folded arms 两臂交叉于胸with half a heart 半心半意地with heart afire 热血沸腾地with impunity 不受惩罚地with interest 有兴趣地with knobs on 更加with might and main尽全力with much ado 费尽力气with one accord 一致with one voice 异口同声地with one's back to thewall 困兽犹斗地withone's hackles up 大怒with one's pant down 处于尴尬状态with one'sshoulder to collar 勤劳地with one's tongue in one'scheek 虚情假意地withopen arms 热情地withopen ears 急切地听着withopen mouth 张口结舌withpleasure 愉快地with real delight 愉快的with reason 合理with reasonable care 维护得宜with reference to 关于with regard to 关于with respect to 关于withresponsibility for 负责with stars in one's eyes自鸣得意地with tail inthe water 发达with that接着就with the exception of 除了with the eyes of aneagle 以锐利的目光with the help of 帮助with the lid off 开着盖子with the naked eye 用肉眼with the sun 朝着顺时针方向with the tail betweenthe legs 垂头丧气with the view of 为了with thisunderstanding 在此条件下with this 说完这个with young 怀胎withal 此外withdraw from 离开withdraw 收回withdrawal 取消withdrawn 性格内向的withdrew 收回withe 细枝wither away 枯萎wither up 枯萎wither使凋谢withering 摧毁的witherite 碳酸钡矿withers 马肩隆withershins 逆时针方向地withheld 停止withhold 扣缴withholding tax 预扣税within a stone's throw 在附近。

怎样翻译“辣眼睛”作者：辛献云朱红梅来源：《新东方英语》2017年第11期“辣眼睛”并不是最近才出现的新词，它早已在人们日常生活中广泛使用，原义是指当人们切辣椒、切洋葱时，它们发出的刺激性气味让人眼睛难受甚至流泪。

但近来这个词汇突然成了网络上的流行用语，获得了全新的含义，用于形容某类人、某种行为、某个场景或者某个画面，由于太过丑陋、荒诞、离谱、可笑、恶心或不文明、不道德，而让人感到震惊甚至难以接受，就像辣椒或者洋葱一样刺激人的眼睛，让人不敢睁眼，不忍直视。

该词的出处已无从考证，有一种说法是某人在微博上发了一段自己和网红女友的大尺度不雅视频，网友们看后非常震惊，大呼“辣眼睛”，要“洗眼睛”。

该词因此走红，常常用作形容某些人为了博人眼球做出无下限的行为，甚至延伸出“辣眼睛”“辣耳朵”等句式。

在教育部、国家语委发布的《中国语言生活状况报告（2017）》中，“辣眼睛”入选2016年度十大网络用语。

从修辞上说，全新含义的“辣眼睛”是一种比喻，具有比喻的生动形象性。

从感情色彩来说，“辣眼睛”往往带有讽刺、揶揄和调侃的意味，具有明显的贬义色彩，体现了语言使用者不以为然的批判态度。

“辣眼睛”的翻译并不容易。

首先，“辣眼睛”是旧词产生新义，按字面含义译成英语并不能展现其全新的比喻意义，必须做引申处理，译出其真实含义。

其次，“辣眼睛”在不同的语境中具有不同的含义和情感色彩。

同样的“辣眼睛”，有的是因为丑陋，有的是因为荒诞，有的是因为伤风败俗等。

翻译时应结合具体语境，确定具体含义，做出对应的处理。

字面意义的“辣眼睛”翻译起来较为简单，因为英语中存在对应的表达方法，如：为什么洋葱会辣眼睛？Why do onions make your eyes burn/sting/water/watery/teary？对某些既视感较强、对眼睛造成强烈视觉冲击的画面，也可以采用夸张的手法，直译成burn one’s eyes，比如：①辣眼睛的漫画Cartoons That Burn Your Eyes！②盘点那些丑到爆的奇葩设计，真是辣眼睛辣到没朋友！The Ugliest Design Eyesores That Burn Your Eyes！表示因丑陋、不雅、有伤风化而辣眼睛时，可以使用如下表达方法：1. EyesoreEyesore是指那些丑得扎眼、令眼睛刺痛、让人不舒服的东西（Something very ugly and offensive； Something that is unpleasant or offensive to view），常用来形容废弃的、破烂的或古怪的建筑，乱扔的垃圾，墙上的涂鸦，地上的污秽，污染严重的土地与河流，街上胡乱张贴的小广告等，网站、海报、简历等设计或制作上的败笔也叫eyesore。