商务英语语言学_王立非.ppt

Unit 2Part OneI. Topic-related WordsSuggested answervegetable: bean cauliflower lettuce spinach peastarchy food: cereal pasta spaghetti bread pastryseasoning: pepper lemon onionways of preparing/cooking: mince scram poach fry bake deep fry grill boil stewconcerns for nutrition/healthy diet: antioxidant carbohydrate fat protein vitamins veggieeffect of food when served: delectable edible bland unappealing grease palatable aromaIII. Listen, Watch and DiscussKey1.the right food2.boiled potatoes, chips, semi-skimmed milk, whole milk3.water, felt stronger and didn’t get sick so often4.rice, fish, vegetables5.contradictory, the list of ingredients on the chocolate bar wrapper, need6.the benefits of each dish and drinkTranscriptWhen I was at school, our teacher told the class “You are what you eat.” My friends and I would laugh and call each other “hamburger” and “biscuits.” Our teacher was trying to show us the importance of eating the right food to stay healthy.This was a few decades ago when there were big campaigns to make British people healthier. We decided to throw out our chip pan which we had used until then to make chips every day for dinner. We replaced our chips with boiled potatoes. We also started using semiskimmed milk instead of whole milk in our cups of tea and bowls of cornflakes. At first I felt like I was eating my cornflakes in water and my potatoes had no taste at all. But after a while I started to prefer healthier food because I felt stronger and I didn’t get sick so often.Japanese people are reputed to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. The healthiest Japanese people eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or wat er when they’re thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or gingko nuts. The traditional Japanese diet is famous for helping you to live a longer and healthier life.So we have proof that you become what you eat. Can you tell what your friends eat just by looking at them? When you know the effects of different types of food, you can use your knowledge well and eat what you want to become.Food has an impact on our physical and emotional health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice?Lettuce or milk can make you sleepy.To stop feeling sleepy you should eat peanuts or dried fish.To keep your teeth clean you should eat apples often.Garlic helps you not to catch a cold.Everyone has their own advice to give, which they have read about or have been told by older relatives. Some of these pieces of advice seem to contradict each other.Eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots.Chocolate contains the essential minerals iron and magnesium.What we need to figure out is what type of chocolate to eat to get the benefits and how much of it to eat. We can do this by reading the list of ingredients on the chocolate bar wrapper. Exactly how much real chocolate is in there? And how much of that do we need to eat to get the benefits of the minerals it contains?Future restaurants might be named after the physical or emotional state they hope to create. Their menus will list the benefits of each dish and drink. Some restaurants have already started this concept, and list the nutritional content of their dishes on the menus.Part TwoText IComprehension CheckI. Reading for general ideas1. Fill in the blanks to complete the outline of the text.KeyThesis statement: The value of food is closely associated with the circumstances, the sentiment of the people and their perception of the world around them, which in turn has impact on their faith, ritual, language, philosophy and so on.Heading for Paragraph 1: Identity derived from eating habitsHeading for Paragraph 2: Food as symbols in rituals and religionHeading for Paragraph 3: The symbolic value vs. nutritious valueHeading for Paragraph 4: Milk and honey in cultural circumstancesHeading for Paragraph 5: Figurative meaning of food vocabularyHeading for Paragraph 6: Antagonism and balance in food as in the worldHeading for Paragraph 7: Duality of yin and yang in Chinese cultureHeading for Paragraph 8: The hierarchy of foodHeading for Paragraph 9: Food as indicators of social relationship2. Read the text through quickly and answer the following questions.Suggested answer1)The author uses examples to show that food metaphor existed long time ago and someconcepts are shared by different cultures.2)The evidences come from a wide range of sources: customs, language, and religious writingssuch as the Bible.3)The aim of the text is to show that the use of metaphor in food is very common throughout theworld.4)The metaphors reflect the lifestyles, beliefs, and philosophy of the people who use them. Theyalso show how they are perceived by others.5)Most paragraphs start with a generalization, serving as introduction of the topic or topicsentence, after which an example is given to support the statement.II. Reading for specific informationKey1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIII. Reading and making interpretationsSuggested answer1.The tribes use the diet differences to tease each other, for example, the rotted meat. One tribenot only eats it, but also considers it special and thus appropriate for their rituals.2.When a food is endowed with a certain symbolic meaning, it enjoys a higher status thanbefore while the nutrition it contains is of less significance.3.Food, when connected with the culture it exists in, functions more than a source ofnourishment. This can be illustrated by the widespread beli ef of “milk tie,” a life-long social connection not only between the nurse and the children who have been nursed, but also among the biologically unconnected children who have been nursed by the same woman.4.North Americans and Europeans also follow the yin-yang approach to food and they judge thevalue of food not by their nutrition; the food served in an elaborate dinner values more than that in leftovers.5.When such values are taken into consideration, an invitation to a meal and one to a snack havesubtle difference in social implications.Part ThreeText IIComprehension CheckI. Reading for specific informationKey1.While organic foods do you no harm, they may not turn out to be as beneficial as you think.2.To date most studies have either shown no difference between organic and conventionalproduce or found very small pluses in the organic column, such as slightly higher levels of vitamin C or other antioxidants.3.The research done by Alyson Mitchell and her team from UC Davis found that tomatoesgrown in organic fields yielded significantly higher amounts of quercetin and kaempferol (an average of 79% and 97%, respectively) than their conventional counterparts. They also found that the greater the number of seasons tomatoes are grown in organic fields, the higher the soil quality becomes and the higher the level of the flavonoids climbs.4.Firstly, the study was conducted in a highly controlled setting, so it’s not clear we’d get thesame results in the real world of organic farming, where conditions vary. Secondly, Mitchell points out that tomatoes are what is known as a botanical fruit, something that isn’t necessarily comparable to leafy greens.5.First, if you’re going to eat the peel of a fruit or vegetable, consider buying organic. Second,don’t buy organic produce shipped from overseas. Finally, don’t be seduced by organic produce included in processed foods like frozen meals and spaghetti sauce.II. Reading and making interpretationsSuggested answer1.As demand for pesticide- and chemical-free foods has grown, the product that used to betargeting at a small group of consumers now finds itself in common markets.2.Meanwhile, scientists are not able to prove modern pesticides have a definite, long-termnegative effect on our bodies. This means that while organic foods are not harmful, they may not eventually appear as beneficial as you think.3.(Following the negative sense of the previous sentence) Not to mention the idea that organicfoods are full of vitamins that modern farming techniques have totally destroyed. These ideas all lack sufficient proof and are equally dubious.4.Although these findings are awesome, they themselves may not be impactful enough topersuade people to spend more money or drive a few miles farther to buy organic food.5.You should also pay attention to the origin of the food, because if it is shipped from overseas,some nutrition may have lost after the long journey, e.g. vitamin C is destructible and is lost over time. In that case, you may not enjoy much benefit from the organic food; instead you may benefit more from the local conventional food.Part FourText IIISuggested translation of some popular Chinese dishes:宫保鸡丁Kung Pao Chicken鱼香肉丝Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce夫妻肺片Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce蜜汁叉烧Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork脆皮春卷Crispy Spring Rolls麻婆豆腐Ma Po Tofu蚝油生菜Sautéed Lettuce with Oyster Sauce地三鲜Sautéed Potato with Green Pepper and Eggplant八宝饭Eight Delicacies Rice卤肉饭Steamed Rice with Red-Cooked PorkQuestions for group discussionSuggested answer1.Generally British food does not enjoy a good reputation, and the French often make fun ofBritish cuisine. A typical British way of cooking is stewing any food into something grey and unappealing. As long as it is accompanied with a few potatoes on top, it is fine for them. The national dish is fish and chips.2.It began with a typical English breakfast in a bed & breakfast near Bath. Most of it wasacceptable to the author, such as poached or scrambled eggs, lean bacon, fried mushrooms, boiled cauliflower, two sausages and slightly grilled tomato slices with black pepper. But the black pudding tasted terrible.3.She thought that they should have used some Chinese cooking wine. British cooking is dull,but they have passion for potatoes. She uses the word s like “rustic” and “plain.” some foods they would love and hate.Part FiveLanguage FocusI. Word familyFill in the blanks with the words above.1. reference 4. unprecedented 7. comparatively 10. unpopular2. extension 5. symbolically 8. contradict3. exceeded 6. beneficial 9. popularizeII. Idioms, phrasal verbs and fixed expressions1. in 4. on/at 7. over 10. in2. to 5. out 8. to, to3. to 6. from 9. inIII. Collocations1. staple 3. cut back on 5. scraps2. chain 4. ran out of 6. processedIV. Complete the following sentences with the words and phrases given in the box.1. traced back to 5. complement 9. niche 13. impulse2. endowed with 6. entail 10. turned out to be 14. dubious3. preceded by 7. Virtue 11. make sense 15. typical4. continuum 8. counterparts 12. renowned forComprehensive PracticeI. Translate the following into English, using the words and phrases from the texts. Suggested answer1.There is an excess of theories in today’s society which claim to be authoritative but turn out tobe self-contradictory. We should think independently before making any judgment.2.Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he wasnominate d as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature. Meanwhile he has played an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.3.Since family bonds are weakened by busy lifestyles, and families are no longer in closeproximity to each other, they can stay connected only by being intentional about maintaining important rituals and traditions.4.The concept of natural equilibrium has long been ruling ecological research and management,so the conservationists were never dubious about the idea that human intervention in it destroys the equilibrium.5.Honey contains a concentrated dose of vitamins, minerals and nutrients that nourish andrevitalize your body.II. Translate the following into Chinese.Suggested answer多样化的地理、气候、风俗和物产促成了大家所说的“四大风味”和“八大菜系”的发展演变，而由于餐饮是一门活生生的艺术，其种类还在继续增多。

2023年7月第39卷㊀第4期外国语文(双月刊)Foreign Languages and Literature(bimonthly)July,2023Vol.39㊀No.4收稿日期:2023-01-21基金项目:教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目 商务话语跨学科实证研究方法 (18JHQ047)㊁北京语言大学校级重大应用研究专项国家应急语言教育体系构建研究 (22ZDY01)的相关研究成果作者简介:栗洁歆,女,北京语言大学外国语学部外国语言学及应用语言学专业博士生,主要从事翻译研究㊁语言服务研究㊂孙疆卫,男,华北科技学院外国语学院讲师,主要从事商务英语㊁语言服务研究㊂王立非,男,北京语言大学高级翻译学院教授,主要从事语言教育㊁商务英语㊁语言服务研究㊂引用格式:栗洁歆,孙疆卫,王立非.外国语言文学学科学术创新力评价与分析[J].外国语文,2023(4):158-167.外国语言文学学科学术创新力评价与分析栗洁歆1㊀孙疆卫2㊀王立非1(1.北京语言大学高级翻译学院,北京㊀100083;2.华北科技学院外国语学院,河北廊坊㊀065201)摘㊀要:本文基于我国17种CSSCI 外语期刊论文大数据,采用综合指数计量方法,通过考察研究热点话题㊁院校活跃度㊁研究方法等指标,评价2010 2020年间外国语言文学一级学科学术创新力与特点㊂研究结果发现:(1)外国语言文学一级学科学术创新力总体较强;(2)翻译研究成为近十年普遍关注的研究热点;(3)高校活跃度高,但各学科领域间存在不平衡;(4)学科研究范式仍以非实证方法为主,人文与科学范式并存,实证研究有待加强㊂本研究对我国正在开展的外国语言文学 双一流 建设具有参考价值和启示㊂关键词:外国语言文学学科;创新力;学术评价中图分类号:H319㊀㊀㊀文献标志码:A㊀㊀㊀文章编号:1674-6414(2023)04-0158-100㊀引言2016年国务院印发的‘统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案“(以下简称‘总体方案“,国发 2015 64号),要求按照 四个全面 战略布局和党中央㊁国务院决策部署,坚持以中国特色㊁世界一流为核心,以立德树人为根本,以支撑创新驱动发展战略㊁服务经济社会发展为导向,坚持 以一流为目标㊁以学科为基础㊁以绩效为杠杆㊁以改革为动力 的基本原则,加快建成一批世界一流大学和一流学科㊂2017年教育部㊁财政部㊁国家发展改革委联合印发的‘统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设实施办法(暂行)“(以下简称‘实施办法“,教研 2017 2号),‘实施办法“作为‘总体方案“的操作实施性文件,对遴选条件㊁遴选程序㊁支持方式㊁管理方式㊁组织实施等做出具体规定㊂2018年教育部㊁财政部㊁国家发展改革委制定了‘关于高等学校加快 双一流 建设的指导意见“( 2018 5号),进一步明确建设高校的责任主体㊁建设主体㊁受益主体地位,引导高校深化认识,转变理念,走内涵式发展道路,确保实现建设方案的目标任务㊂1㊀研究问题与方法1.1研究问题本文重点回答以下三个问题:(1)近十年(2010 2020)外国语言文学一级学科学术创新力如何?主要聚焦哪些热点话题?(2)近十年(2010 2020)外国语言文学一级学科在哪些高校的学术㊃851㊃㊀栗洁歆㊀孙疆卫㊀王立非㊀外国语言文学学科学术创新力评价与分析㊀创新比较活跃?(3)近十年(2010 2020)外国语言文学一级学科研究方法呈现何种特点?1.2研究方法本研究选取我国CNKI 论文数据库中的17种CSSCI 外语学术期刊①,设定文献检索的时间节点为2010 2020年㊂检索显示,外国语言文学一级学科十年共发表论文18,687篇,将文献归类为外国语言学㊁外国文学㊁翻译学㊁外语教学㊁专门用途外语五类,共计17,384篇,另有1,303篇论文不属于以上类别,归入其他类㊂本文只测量和评价外国语言文学一级学科五个领域的综合指数,综合指数根据发文量㊁总被引次数㊁篇均被引次数㊁总下载次数㊁篇均下载次数㊁标注各类基金项目的论文数㊁标注国家社科基金项目的论文数共七个指标㊂2㊀结果与讨论2.1外国语言文学一级学科学术发表分析2.1.1主要研究领域分布特征统计结果显示,2010 2020年,我国外国语言文学一级学科论文的总被引为155,758次,篇均被引平均为7.68次,总下载量达9,644,434次,篇均下载达480.08次㊂外国语言学总被引次数领先,其次是外语教学和翻译学,均超过2.5万次以上,专门用途外语较少,反映出一级学科的五个领域研究成果和影响力不平衡㊂外国语言学㊁外语教学㊁翻译学三个领域总被引频次最高,分别为61,365次㊁48,950次和26,544次;篇均被引最高的是外语教学,达11.3次/篇,语言以8.5次/篇排名第二,专门用途外语和翻译学紧随其后,分别为8.2次/篇㊁7.1次/篇,说明外语教学领域学术活跃度和成果影响力比较集中㊂外国语言学㊁外语教学㊁翻译学三个领域总下载频次最高,分别为3,713,004次㊁2,520,392次和,1837,456次;篇均下载最高的是外语教学,达584.1次/篇,专门用途外语以514.5次/篇排名第二,外国语言学排名第三,翻译学排名第四,分别为511.9次/篇㊁493.8次/篇㊂表1㊀外国语言文学学科核心领域CSSCI 外语期刊发文特点分析(2010 2020)领域发文量总被引频次篇均被引频次总下载频次篇均下载频次外国语言学6,29761,3658.53,713,004511.9外语教学3,61648,95011.32,520,392584.1翻译学3,50026,5447.11,837,456493.8外国文学3,45113,921 3.31,259,761296.1专门用途外语5204,9788.2313,821514.5总计17,384155,7587.689,644,434480.08㊀㊀专门用途外语研究,总被引频次㊁总下载频次较少,学术论文的关注度和影响力较小㊂外国文学在篇均被引和篇均下载两个指标上均低于其他四个领域,说明外国文学受到关注少,符合外国文学研究的特点㊂㊃951㊃①17种CSSCI 期刊选自2017年CSSCI 来源期刊目录(不含C 扩和C 集刊),包括‘外语教学与研究“‘外语界“‘外国语“‘现代外语“‘中国外语“‘外语电化外语教学“‘外语教学理论与实践“‘中国翻译“‘外语与外语教学“‘外语教学“‘外语研究“‘外国文学评论“‘当代外国文学“‘外国文学研究“‘外国文学“‘国外文学“‘俄罗斯文艺“㊂㊀外国语文2023年第4期㊀2.1.2主要研究热点话题分布特征我们对2010 2020年前十个高频关键词统计,结果显示,外国语言文学一级学科研究热点话题呈现出一个突出特点:外国语言学㊁外国文学㊁翻译学三个领域的研究最热点话题均集中在翻译,外语教学㊁专门用途外语两个领域研究热点话题中也涉及翻译,可见,翻译研究是我国外国语言文学一级学科关注的热点话题,这与我国推动文化对外传播的大战略和大背景密切相关,与翻译学科的专业建设和发展关系密切㊂表2㊀外国语言文学学科热点话题分布特点(2010 2020)序号外国语言学词频外国文学词频翻译学词频外语教学词频专门用途外语词频1翻译177翻译91翻译389大学英语143商务英语442语料库语言学131文学翻译69翻译研究87外语教学119学术英语363认知语言学110外国文学47翻译教学70语料库85专门用途外语304二语习得85认知诗学33翻译策略59大学英语教学75大学英语255认知隐喻83后现代主义32语料库翻译学56翻译教学70ESP176外语教学79外国文学批评30英译46外语教学模式66翻译167语言特点78现代性30翻译批评39自主学习53语料库158大学英语76互文性29翻译能力35英语写作52大学英语教学149系统功能语言学71历史性28翻译伦理34英语教学50商务英语专业1410认知69叙事27译者34英语专业45需求分析12㊀㊀对五个领域的分析显示出以下五个特点:第一,除了从语言学研究翻译外,研究热点话题集中在语料库语言学㊁认知语言学㊁二语习得㊁外语教学㊁系统功能语言学等话题㊂我们将认知相关的关键词再次归并后发现,认知语言学相关研究位居语言学第一热点话题(262次),反映出近年来我国外国语言学领域出现的 认知热 现象,与语料库语言学和系统功能语言学同样成为理论热点㊂第二,除了翻译热点话题外,外国文学研究集中在外国文学翻译㊁认知诗学㊁外国文学批评等话题,关注后现代主义㊁文学的现代性㊁互文性㊁历史性㊁叙事性等理论思潮和文学批评视角㊂我们将翻译相关的关键词归并,可以发现,文学翻译是外国文学领域的一个热点话题,比文学其他话题更受关注,值得进一步分析㊂第三,翻译学研究主要集中在翻译教学㊁翻译策略㊁翻译能力㊁译者等研究上,此外,翻译批评和翻译伦理等热点问题开始受到翻译研究关注㊂近年来出现的最热门翻译理论为语料库翻译学㊂与2002年以前相比,翻译研究热点既有相同点,又有变化㊂研究相同点涉及翻译教学㊁翻译批评㊁翻译伦理㊁译者主体性㊁翻译策略等,不同点在于文学翻译㊁典籍翻译㊁翻译史等(穆雷等,2014)㊂第四,外语教学最关注的热点话题是大学英语,英语专业的关注度远不及大学英语㊂其次,热点话题还包括翻译教学㊁英语写作㊁语料库方法应用,外语教学模式㊁自主学习模式等,反映出我国的英语教学正在经历教学模式的改革㊂第五,专门用途外语研究最热门的话题是商务英语和学术英语;其次,专门用途外语㊁特别是ESP(专门用途英语)是研究热点,主要涉及大学英语教学内容和课程的改革,如何满足学生的英语㊃061㊃㊀栗洁歆㊀孙疆卫㊀王立非㊀外国语言文学学科学术创新力评价与分析㊀学习需求成为我国大学英语教学改革的一个重点;再次,由于过去十年是我国设立商务英语专业并快速发展期(王立非等,2013),许多问题引起学界的广泛关注,因此,商务英语专业也是一个热点研究话题㊂2.1.3院校活跃度分布特征统计显示,近十年来在17种CSSCI外国语言文学期刊发表过一篇以上论文的1,276个高等院校中,北京外国语大学的发文量为852篇,发文量最多,总被引频次也最高,为7,684次㊂符合这两个条件之一(即发文量>21或被引频次>65)的院校共有291家,其中有97家院校的篇均被引小于学科篇均被引6.4次/篇(119,871次/18,687篇),剩余的194家院校的平均发文为50.0篇㊁平均被引为514.9次㊂根据发文量和被引频次权重值分别定为0.5和0.5的综合指数算法,排名第一的院校是北京外国语大学,表3为论文发表活跃度排名前十的院校㊂表3㊀2010—2020年外国语言文学学科CSSCI外语期刊发文院校活跃度分析序号高等院校综合指数发文量总被引频次篇均被引总下载频次篇均下载基金论文数国家基金论文数1北京外国语大学1,596.1648527,6849.0507,795596.03791762上海外国语大学1,438.0858356,5717.9433,621519.33821283广东外语外贸大学1,225.4715916,95611.8376,984637.94011364四川外国语大学704.1374373,1327.2192,601440.7104445上海交通大学660.5553123,71311.9191,964615.3153776复旦大学622.0142613,83114.7178,120682.5126537南京师范大学570.9173542,275 6.4130,318368.1226808西安外国语大学415.0812601,700 6.5113,394436.1151329清华大学383.7351872,40712.9125,841672.9603310中山大学375.1891942,31912.0140,196722.78925㊀㊀统计数据显示,近十年来,五所外语类院校论文发表实力强劲,其中,北外㊁上外㊁广外三所外语类院校发文活跃度综合指数排名遥遥领先,稳居前三强,均超过1000,北外位居第一,上外第二㊂四所综合性大学科研发表出色,上海交大㊁复旦综合指数均超过600,在综合性大学中一路领先,清华大学和中山大学的综合指数均超过375,以上高校无疑在 双一流 建设中将成为我国外国语言文学研究的主要基地㊂2.2外国语言文学学科核心领域研究活跃度分析本文按院校活跃度㊁期刊活跃度两个指标对外国语言学㊁外国文学㊁翻译学㊁外语教学㊁专门用途外语五个领域分别统计分析㊂2.2.1外国语言学院校活跃度分析院校活跃度分析显示,在外国语言学领域,近十年发表过一篇以上论文的870个院校中,广外综合指数和总被引位居第一,分别为1,193.16和4,221次;上外的发文量最高,为353篇㊂符合这两个条件之一(即发文量>14或被引频次>48)的院校共有227家,其中有80家院校的篇均被引小于学科篇均被引8.5次/篇(61,365次/7,253篇),剩余的147家院校的平均发文为27.3篇㊁平均被引为348.7次㊂根据发文量和被引频次权重分别定为0.5和0.5的综合指数算法,第一名院校为广东㊃161㊃㊀外国语文2023年第4期㊀外语外贸大学(见表4)表4㊀2010 2020年外国语言学发文活跃度前十名高校统计序号高等院校综合指数发文量总被引频次篇均被引总下载频次篇均下载标注基金论文数国家基金论文数1广东外语外贸大学1,193.163214,22113.1213,129664.0201802上海外国语大学1,121.2843533,3119.4215,692611.0175563北京外国语大学1,083.6363073,63611.8228,106743.0160864上海交通大学685.6611772,52114.2124,269702.183395南京大学560.8021761,6639.4101,732578.090406四川外国语大学547.3491621,74810.889,284551.143177复旦大学490.5851131,97817.586,462765.260218中山大学376.824971,38914.378,833812.752169西安外国语大学353.3611131,0219.057,889512.3711210北京大学321.1371039249.061,814600.12113㊀㊀从外国语言学的院校发文活跃度综合指数看,广外㊁上外㊁北外是我国外国语言学研究的重要学术基地,三所高校的发文量都超过300篇以上,与其他高校相比,遥遥领先,其中,上外发文总量最多,广外和北外名列第二和第三㊂除三所外国语大学以外,发文量超过100篇的高校有上海交大㊁南京大学㊁川外㊁复旦㊁西外㊁北大六所高校,他们在外国语言学研究方面也实力雄厚㊂2.2.2翻译学院校活跃度分析翻译学学术院校活跃度测量结果显示,符合这两个条件之一(即发文量>9或被引频次>33)的院校共有157家,其中有61家院校的篇均被引小于学科篇均被引7.1次/篇(26544次/3721篇),剩余的96家院校的平均发文为18.1篇㊁平均被引为229.2次㊂根据发文量和被引频次权重分别定为0.5和0.5的综合指数算法,第一名院校为广东外语外贸大学㊂表5㊀2010 2020年翻译学发文活跃度前十名高校统计序号高等院校综合指数发文量总被引频次篇均被引总下载频次篇均下载标注基金论文数国家基金论文数1广东外语外贸大学844.4881452,03514.0106,257732.8115442北京外国语大学689.8981381,41510.393,488677.477323清华大学524.382631,60625.567,0111,063.723204上海外国语大学491.1851118467.665,665591.650175南开大学456.962781,10714.259,272759.93356四川外国语大学395.076837609.243,662526.029117西安外国语大学355.6747074410.646,648666.450168中山大学261.300545149.540,596751.82289香港理工大学256.430525179.939,769764.824610上海交通大学229.455484449.333,075689.12719㊀㊀近十年发表过一篇以上论文的562个院校中,广东外语外贸大学翻译学研究领先,发文量和总被引频次均最高,分别为145篇和2,035次㊂广外㊁北外㊁上外三所外国语大学发文量均超过100㊃261㊃㊀栗洁歆㊀孙疆卫㊀王立非㊀外国语言文学学科学术创新力评价与分析㊀篇,五所外国语类大学的总发文量达547篇,充分证明外国语大学重视翻译学研究,成为该领域活跃度高的院校,翻译研究走在全国领先㊂此外,五所综合性大学清华㊁南开㊁中山㊁香港理工㊁上海交大的翻译研究也实力突出,综合指数均超过229,以上十所高校对我国翻译学研究贡献大,均招收翻译学博士生,部分外语类高校还独立设置了翻译学二级学科博士点(刘宏伟等,2013),成为培养翻译学人才的重要基地㊂2.2.3外国文学院校活跃度分析外国文学院校活跃度分析显示,在外国文学领域,近十年发表过一篇以上论文的560个院校中,南京大学的发文量最高,为246篇;北京外国语大学的总被引频次最高,为1,085次㊂符合这两个条件之一(即发文量>11或被引频次>24)的院校共有121人,其中有36家院校的篇均被引小于学科篇均被引3.3次/篇(13,921次/4,254篇),剩余的85家院校的平均发文为21.4篇㊁平均被引为130.9次㊂根据发文量和被引频次权重分别定为0.5和0.5的综合指数算法,第一名院校为南京大学㊂表6㊀2010—2020年外国文学发文活跃度前10名高校统计序号高等院校综合指数发文量总被引频次篇均被引总下载频次篇均下载基金论文数国家基金论文数1南京大学933.819246940 3.878,971321.08935 2北京外国语大学926.1212191,085 5.080,943369.67228 3上海外国语大学709.158159884 5.666,362417.45728 4四川外国语大学542.010948449.046,992499.92915 5西安外国语大学352.67271489 6.929,250412.03396清华大学287.787554177.630,881561.51910 7广东外语外贸大学278.778504248.522,176443.51798复旦大学274.328533947.425,319477.72489浙江大学217.21157220 3.919,445341.13612 10南开大学215.81760198 3.320,852347.52511㊀㊀统计显示,南京大学活跃度综合指数和发文量双高,其次是北外,综合指数达到926.121,发文量达到219篇,平均每年2.19篇,上外位列第三,五所外国语类大学外国文学论文发表突出,十年共发表812篇,清华㊁复旦㊁浙大㊁南开四所综合性大学在外国文学研究方面也实力强劲,综合指数均超过215,发文量达225篇㊂2.2.4外语教学院校活跃度分析在外语教学领域,近十年发表过一篇以上论文的726个院校中,上海外国语大学的发文量最高,为296篇,总被引频次也最高,为3,919次㊂符合这两个条件之一(即发文量>12或被引频次>46)的院校共有212家,其中有59家院校的篇均被引小于学科篇均被引11.3次/篇(48,950次/4,315篇),剩余的153家院校的平均发文为14.7篇㊁平均被引为285.9次㊂根据发文量和被引频次权重分别定为0.5和0.5的综合指数算法,第一名院校为上海外国语大学㊂㊃361㊃㊀外国语文2023年第4期㊀表7㊀2010-2020年外语教学发文活跃度前十名高校统计序号高等院校综合指数发文量总被引频次篇均被引总下载频次篇均下载标注基金论文数国家基金论文数1上海外国语大学1,692.1822963,91913.221,0372710.7128312北京外国语大学1,283.4121953,54618.2192,277986.094443广东外语外贸大学952.9631562,41515.5127,233815.693294复旦大学702.829732,59935.6102,6421,406.150235上海交通大学669.572862,15625.183,650972.730116南京大学650.884931,91320.675,604812.952257对外经济贸易大学337.3025585915.648,872888.638148华中科技大学319.4215085417.147,400948.034239山东大学306.1054391421.339,470917.9257 10大连外国语大学283.2025260811.734,615665.72711㊀㊀统计结果显示,五所外语类高校外语教学论文发表十分活跃,其中,上外㊁北外㊁广外名列前三名,上外发文量达296篇,远远领先㊂综合性大学中,复旦排名第一,篇均被引和篇均下载均名列前茅,南京大学发文量最多㊂2.2.5专门用途外语院校活跃度分析统计显示,在专门用途外语领域,近十年发表过一篇以上论文的246个院校中,对外经济贸易大学的发文量最高,为45篇;复旦大学的总被引频次最高,为1,457次㊂符合这两个条件之一(即发文量>5或被引频次>28)的院校共有39家,其中有九家院校的篇均被引小于学科篇均被引8.2次/篇(4,978次/610篇),剩余的30家院校的平均发文为6.0篇,平均被引为150.9次㊂根据发文量和被引频次权重分别定为0.5和0.5的综合指数算法,第一名院校为复旦大学㊂表8㊀2010—2020年专门用途外语发文活跃度前十名高校统计序号高等院校综合指数发文量总被引频次篇均被引总下载频次篇均下载基金论文数国家基金论文数1复旦大学732.770301,45748.661,2012,040.02116 2对外经济贸易大学495.792454409.826,057579.03410 3北京外国语大学146.388151409.312,519834.675 4上海外国语大学144.400141349.68,004571.752 5上海交通大学144.0691213311.110,548879.042 6中央广播电视大学121.6043367122.32,147715.710 7大连理工大学95.4271288288.01,4061,406.000 8云南大学90.4572273136.58,1114,055.522 9南开大学80.48479213.15,078725.440 10北京大学78.82768714.55,495915.832㊃461㊃㊀栗洁歆㊀孙疆卫㊀王立非㊀外国语言文学学科学术创新力评价与分析㊀㊀㊀专门用途外语发文院校活跃度综合指数显示,复旦大学不仅在外国语言学㊁外国文学㊁外语教学等领域活跃度高,在专门用途外语研究领域在全国领先,在综合指数㊁总被引次数㊁总下载量㊁篇均下载量均最高,对外经济贸易大学发文量最多,达45篇㊂此外,还有四所高校的综合指数超过100,分别是北外㊁上外㊁上海交大㊁中央电大㊂大连理工大学发表一篇论文,但学术影响力大,总被引和篇均被引频次高,进入第七名㊂2.3外国语言文学学科科研方法特征分析本文进一步考察论文的研究方法使用现状,首先,根据研究方法的分类,分为定量㊁定性㊁混合与非实证这四类,前三类为实证研究,第四类为非实证研究(严辰松,2000;刘润清,1999)㊂对实证研究定量方法统计,主题词提取采取主题词之间都是或者(or)的关系①,定性方法主题词提取也采用与定量类方法提取同样的方式②,对混合类方法主题词提取采取定量主题词+定性主题词的组合③,或混合法/混合方法㊂无法归入以上三类的,就归为非实证方法,具体统计结果见表9㊂表9㊀2010—2020年外国语言文学学科核心领域研究方法分布特点核心领域定量定性混合非实证合计实证占比外国语言学920629904,3225,96127.49%翻译学331240403,1783,78916.12%外国文学80706223,4774,28518.85%外语教学738411881,4772,71445.58%专门用途外语11945546663526.61%总计2,1882,03124512,92017,38423.89%占比12.59%11.68%1.41%74.32%100%㊀㊀统计显示,外国语言文学一级学科研究范式仍是人文学科范式为主,非实证研究方法占据主导地位(74.32%),而实证研究方法仅占25.68%,其中,定量研究占12.59%,定性研究占11.68%,混合研究方法占1.41%㊂这与以往的研究发现基本一致(文秋芳等,2016),但与国外实证研究方法占绝对优势,混合研究较多的趋势不一致(郭宝仙等,2015)㊂五个核心领域中,外语教学采用实证研究方法比例最高,占总发文量的45.58%,其次是外国语言学和专门用途外语,这两个领域的实证研究比例较高,分别占27.49%和26.61%,反映出以上三个领域的实证研究方法普及率和使用率较高㊂相比之下,翻译学和外国文学研究,实证研究方法使用率不高,我们推断,主要与该学科领域偏人文性有关㊂但近年来,随着语料库㊁话语分析㊁认知分析㊁内容分析等实证方法进入翻译学和外国文学研究,翻译学和文学研究的实证研究方法的比例在逐步提高㊂从研究方法分布特征可以看出,外国语言文学学科仍然以人文学科研究范式为主,社会科学研究范式采用较少㊂㊃561㊃①②③定量研究方法主题词搜索包括文献计量㊁知识图谱㊁语料库㊁回归分析㊁罗杰指数分析㊁问卷㊁时间序列分析㊁结构方程㊁事件历史分析㊁方差分析㊁因子分析㊁聚类分析㊁路径分析㊁神经网络㊁脑电波㊁面板数据㊁数据包络分析㊁网络拓扑㊁Excel㊁SPSS㊁citespace㊁Stata㊁SAS㊁Amos㊁Lisrel㊁E-views㊁Matlab㊁Pajek 等㊂定性研究方法主题词搜索包括观察㊁访谈㊁档案分析㊁民族志㊁叙事㊁类别分析㊁开放式分析㊁开放式登录㊁轴心分析㊁关联式登录㊁选择式分析㊁核心式登录㊁一级编码㊁二级编码㊁三级编码㊁根植理论㊁扎根理论㊁话语分析等㊂混合研究方法则包含定量和定性方法的全国主题词组合㊂㊀外国语文2023年第4期㊀3㊀结语本研究得到以下四个发现:(1)外国语言文学一级学科学术创新力总体较高,其中,外国语言学㊁外语教学㊁翻译学三个领域学术活跃度和创新力较强,发文量㊁被引量㊁下载量均较高,受关注度最高,出现外语教学单篇论文创新度和关注度双高的情况,反映出学术成果切中热点问题,观点新颖,影响力大㊂(2)翻译研究成为近十年外国语言学㊁文学㊁翻译㊁外语教学㊁专门用途外语五大领域共同关注的一个热点话题是翻译㊂语料库语言学㊁系统功能语言学㊁认知语言学㊁语料库翻译学㊁后现代主义㊁叙事理论等成为理论热点㊂外国语言学的热点话题涉及二语习得㊁外语教学㊁认知隐喻等话题;外国文学的热点话题涉及外国文学翻译㊁认知诗学㊁外国文学批评㊁文学的现代性㊁互文性㊁历史性等;翻译学热点话题涉及翻译教学㊁外国文学翻译㊁翻译策略㊁翻译批评㊁翻译能力㊁翻译伦理和译者等;外语教学研究热点涉及大学英语㊁英语写作㊁语料库应用,外语教学模式㊁自主学习模式等㊂专门用途外语研究热点包括商务英语和学术英语等㊂(3)外国语类大学和综合性大学活跃度在全国领先,学术发表实力强,北外㊁上外㊁广外等外语类院校活跃度综合指数均超过1,000㊂综合性大学科研发表出色,以上两类高校已成为外国语言文学 双一流 建设的领军院校㊂(4)外国语言文学一级学科研究范式仍以非实证研究方法为主,占74.32%,实证研究方法仅占25.68%,实证研究方法还有待加强㊂外语教学㊁外国语言学㊁专门用途外语实证研究方法应用明显高于翻译学和外国文学,反映出外语研究人文范式和科学范式并存的局面㊂根据以上研究发现,我们提出以下三点建议:首先,外国语言文学学术创新应注重二级学科间的平衡,在 双一流 建设中,应当加大文学学科和学术研究培育,鼓励高水平学术发表,积极利用新设立的比较文学与跨文化二级学科扩大学术影响力㊂外国文学研究拥有六本C刊,约占外语类C刊的1/3,其他外语类C刊还设有文学栏目,但外国文学发文量㊁总被引和篇均被引指标均偏低,受关注度明显低于外语教学㊁翻译学㊁外国语言学㊂其次,加强专门用途外语高水平研究,ESP论文发表总量偏少,研究的理论性㊁前沿性㊁创新性㊁交叉性㊁应用性㊁方法论有待加强,需要在开展ESP教学的同时,加强外语与专业的复合性和跨学科研究,除了深入挖掘ESP的教学价值外,加强ESP的学术价值㊁行业和产业价值的挖掘,聚焦学术英语㊁商务话语㊁法律话语㊁政治话语㊁传媒话语㊁生态话语㊁医学话语等研究,提升语言服务国家需求和经济社会发展的能力㊂再次,加强 一带一路 非通用语种的研究和发表,目前,高水平的发表主要来自英语语种,其他语种的发表率较低,远远不能适应 一带一路 建设的要求㊂ 一带一路 语言铺路,语言服务,学术先行,外语类期刊开辟 一带一路 外语研究专栏,对 一带一路 各国的语言㊁文学㊁翻译和文化等加强研究和汉外对比,提升我国对外学术话语权和对外学术传播能力㊂参考文献:郭宝仙,郭劲赤.2015.近十年国外外语教学研究的基本特征(2005 2014)[J].全球教育展望(10):94-103.㊃661㊃。

Unit1BY淘宝店铺：HS的英语学科中心Part OneIII.Listen,Watch and DiscussSuggested answer1.While Andrea works for a fashion magazine,she doesn’t have a strong sense of fashion andwears wrong clothes.2.No.She thinks it is pointless to change herself just because of a job.3.Yes.When Miranda is choosing a belt,Andrea laughs and refers to fashion as“stuff.”4.Miranda criticizes Andrea’s clothes by illustrating the application of the cerulean color in thefashion world.Miranda is a professional woman with a great influence in the fashion world, but she is fastidious about her subordinates.5.Here are some suggestions for a newcomer:•Get familiar with the job and working process;•Learn from other excellent colleagues;•Try his or her best to meet bosses’high requirement;•Do more and talk less.TranscriptAndrea:Miranda?Miranda:Are you there?Andrea:I’m about to walk in.I’ll call you as soon as…Hello?Emily:While you’re out...Andrea:Hi.Emily:Miranda needs you to go to Hermes to pick up25scarves we ordered for her.... Andrea:Okay.Emily:Cassidy forgot her homework at Dalton.Pick that up.Miranda went out to meet with Meisel,and she will want more Starbucks when she gets back.Hot Starbucks. Andrea:Can you just repeat that first...Hello?Emily:Oh,my God.What took you so long?I have to pee!Andrea:What?You haven’t peed since I left?Emily:No,I haven’t.I’ve been manning the desk,haven’t I?I’m bursting.Andrea:Oh,hi.Emily:You do coat.Do the coat!Andrea:Okay.Emily:Now,be prepared.The runthrough is at12:30.People are panicking,so the phone is going to be ringing off the hook.Andrea:The ru...The run-through.Right.Emily:Yes.Editors bring in options for the shoot,and Miranda chooses.She chooses every single thing in every single issue.Run-throughs are a huge deal.I don’tknow why you don’t know that,Andrea.Serena:Okay.Are you ready?Emily:Oh,hi,hi.Right.Well,after the loo,Serena and I are going to lunch.This is her...the new me.Andrea:Hi.Emily:Told you.Serena:I thought you were kidding.Emily:No,quite serious,yeah.I get20minutes for lunch,and you get15.When I come back,you can go.Andrea:Okay.Serena:What exactly is she wearing?Emily:Her grandmother’s skirt.Nigel:Hmm.Corn chowder.That’s an interesting choice.You do know that cellulite is one of the main ingredients in corn chowder.Andrea:So none of the girls here eat anything?Nigel:Not since two became the new four and zero became the new two.Andrea:Well,I’m a six.Nigel:Which is the new14.Andrea:Oh.Shoot.Nigel:Oh,never mind.I’m sure you have plenty more polyblend where that came from. Andrea:Okay.You think my clothes are hideous.I get it.But,you know,I’m not going to be in fashion forever...so I don’t see the point of changing everything about myselfjust because I have this job.Nigel:Yes,that’s true.That’s really what this multibillion-dollar industry is all about anyway,isn’t it?Inner e on.Miranda’s pushed therunthrough up a half an hour.Andrea:Mmm!Nigel:She’s always15minutes early.Andrea:Which means?Nigel:You’re already e.Andrea:Shoot!Nigel:Excuse me.Mr.Ravitz.Ravitz:Nigel.Issue going well?Nigel:Oh,yes.Our best September ever.Ravitz:Great.Heard Miranda killed autumn jackets and pulled up the Sedona shoot.What’s that costing me?Nigel:About300,000.Ravitz:Must have been some lousy jackets.Irv Ravitz.Nigel:Oh,I’m sorry.This is Andrea Sachs,Miranda’s new assistant.Ravitz:Congratulations,young lady.A million girls would kill for that job.Nigel:Bye-bye.Andrea:Hmm?Nigel:Chairman of Elias-Clarke,Irv Ravitz.You know what they say?Tiny man,huge ego.Miranda:No.And I’ve seen all this before.Woman:Theyskens is trying to reinvent the drop waist,so actually it’s...Miranda:Where are all the other dresses?Woman:We have some right here.Nigel:Stand,watch and listen.Woman:And I think it can be very interesting...Miranda:No,no,I just...It’s just baffling to me.Why is it so impossible to put together a decent run-through?You people have had hours and hours to prepare.It’s just soconfusing to me.Where are the advertisers?Woman:Oh,we have some pieces from Banana Republic.Miranda:No,we need more,don’t we?Oh.This is...This might be...What do you think of...Nigel:Yeah.Well,you know me.Give me a full ballerina skirt and a hint of saloon and I’m on board.Miranda:Hmm.But do you think it’s too much like...Nigel:Like the Lacroix from July?I thought that,but no,not with the right accessories.It should work.Miranda:Where are the belts for this dre...Why is no one ready?Woman:Here.It’s a tough call.They’re so different.Miranda:Hmm.Something funny?Andrea:No.No,no,no.Nothing’s...You know,it’s just that both those belts look exactly the same to me.You know,I’m still learning about this stuff and,uh... Miranda:This...stuff?Oh.Okay.I see.You think this has nothing to do with you.You go to your closet and you select...I don’t know...that lumpy blue sweater,for instance,because you’re trying to tell the world that you take yourself too seriously to careabout what you put on your back.But what you don’t know is that that sweater isnot just blue.It’s not turquoise.It’s not lapis.It’s actually cerulean.And you’realso blithely unaware of the fact...that in2002,Oscar de la Renta did a collectionof cerulean gowns.And then I think it was Yves Saint Laurent wasn’t it...whoshowed cerulean military jackets?I think we need a jacket here.Nigel:Mmm.Miranda:And then cerulean quickly showed up in the collections of eight different designers.And then it,uh,filtered down through the department stores and then trickled ondown into some tragic Casual Corner where you,no doubt,fished it out of someclearance bin.However,that blue represents millions of dollars and countless jobs...and it’s sort of comical how you think you’ve made a choice that exempts youfrom the fashion industry when,in fact,you’re wearing a sweater that was selectedfor you by the people in this room...from a pile of stuff.Part TwoWarm-up Activities1.What do you know about Hillary Clinton?Early life and education:Born on October26,1947in Chicago,Illinois.She graduated from Wellesley College in May1969and earn her J.D.from Yale Law School in1973.Marriage and family:Moved to Arkansas,marrying Bill Clinton in1975.In February1980,she gave birth to their daughter Chelsea.Political orientation:Republican before1968.Democratic from1968.Roles in politics:First Lady of Arkansas(January11,1983—December12,1992),First Lady of the United States(January20,1993—January20,2001),United States Senator from New York (January3,2001—January21,2009),67th United States Secretary of State(January21, 2009—February1,2013).Electoral history:Running in the2008Democratic presidential primaries,Hillary Clinton won far more primaries and delegates than any other female candidate in American history,but narrowly lost the nomination to Obama.On April12,2015,Clinton formally announced her presidential candidacy via email.However,she was defeated by Donald Trump in the November8, 2016presidential election.e one sentence to explain the following terms.Secretary of State:The Secretary of State,appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate,is the President’s chief foreign affairs adviser.The Senate:The U.S.Senate is the upper legislative chamber in the federal government,with just 100members,two senators from each state.The House of Representatives:One of Congress’s two chambers,proportionally representing the population of the50states,to pass federal laws by introducing bills and resolutions,offering amendments and so on.PR:Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.Text IComprehension CheckI.Reading for general ideas1.Fill in the blanks to complete the outline of the text.Thesis statement:The negative and unfair commentary on Hillary’s dressing style results from the huge disparity between how men and women are judged according to how they dress. Heading for Part I(Paragraphs1to2):Introduction of the topic:the commentary on Hillary’s wardrobe.Heading for Part II(Paragraphs3to6):Different views towards men and women’s dressing,and power dressing.Heading for Part III(Paragraphs7to8):Conclusion:the root cause of dress prejudice against women.2.Read the text through quickly and answer the following questions.1)The author uses cause-and-effect method focusing on the causal analysis of causes or reasons.2)The author uses the method of contrast to present different views towards men and women toexplain the political fashion.3)The author is opposed to the commentary that Hillary wears more power suits and is lessfeminine.4)The author wants to illustrate popular criticisms against Hillary’s wardrobe.5)If a female politician doesn’t know how to dress like a lady,she’s lampooned,shamed,andher ideas are ignored.However,if she wears“distracting clothing”or spends too much money,she’s seen as silly.II.Reading for specific informationKey1.F2.F3.T4.F5.TIII.Reading and making interpretationsSuggested answer1.People usually don’t talk about dress fashion of male politicians although they outnumbertheir female counterparts,except once when Obama showed up in light yellowish-brown in a news conference.2.People seldom focus their attention on male politicians’dressing since they usually wear theformal suit,symbolizing power and advantage in politics,which help their thoughts receive more attention and thus be likely to be more acceptable.However,the first ladies’trivial matters such as dressing will draw much attention because they don’t need to deal with important issues like their husbands.3.Although the first ladies are expected to be in fashion clothes,they had better not go shoppingby themselves,which is believed improper for their status.4.However,male politicians only need to wear the suit in order to display the power given bythe society.5.Different criteria for evaluating male and female politicians’dress represent a type of genderdiscrimination against women,which is firmly established in our society.Part ThreeText IIComprehension CheckI.Reading for specific informationKey1.It is difficult to specify clear business casual standard to enforce professionalism withouthurting productivity.2.In part business casual causes confusing attire standard.Also the situation gets out of controlwhen business casual is allowed and the quality of work is not as good as expected.3.They trust employees to use good judgment,inspire them to think more openly,andencourage camaraderie.4.The author presents different attitudes towards business casual by contrasting some strict ruleswith some more lenient ones.5.Dress policies may provoke racial and gender discrimination.6.The dress style may lead to stereotypes.Impression management is important in companies. II.Reading and making interpretationsKey1.When it is hotter and hotter in the summer,employees’attire is more and more casual.Employers are striving to set a standard of dress which can ensure that employees work athigh efficiency,and that they display professional qualities.2.It is more likely that the younger employees,mostly millennials,violate the attire rules,whichwould offend the older traditionalists who grew up during WW II.The latter always wear formal attire with ties and skirts in companies.3.Because different companies have different dress codes,a considerable amount ofinappropriateness and embarrassment in dressing style will occur in social situations.4.Job interviewees will be more and more perplexed by the uncertainty about the dress code.They find that they seem to be more serious and boring if they attend an interview in a more casual workplace,wearing the traditional suit.Part FourText IIIQuestions for group discussionSuggested answer1.Culture and fashion have a strong connection and both keep influencing each other.Theauthor uses some examples in Chinese history to explain it.For example,during the Song and Ming dynasties because of the intensity of the feudal ideology,the patterns of dress and adornment gradually became conservative whereas by influence from western cultures,the designs were more fitting and practical from late Ming.2.One of the Chinese dresses getting attention from the fashion community is the cheongsam.3.More information can be found below from People’s Daily Online.How Should Chinese Culture“Go Out”?Chinese culture’s“going out”has become an important national cultural strategy.However, according to Annual Report of China’s Foreign Trade in Culture2012,export of Chinese cultural products only accounts for30percent of the import of cultural products.How should Chinese culture go out?NPC deputies and CPPCC members gave their answers.What is the core competitiveness of Chinese cultural products?Chen Zhilin,a deputy to the National People’s Congress,President of Sichuan Dramatists Association,talked about his experience:“Two years ago,I led my art troupe to visit Europe.We had more than70stages in four months.Chinese culture is welcomed and loved by local people not by chance.It is the uniqueness and connotation of Chinese culture that wins respect from foreigners.Performance that embodies our values and cultural system is of top priority.”Prof.Liu Yuening,a member of the CPPCC,vice-chairman of Overseas Returned Scholars Association,and a noted Dulcimer player with Central Conservatory of Music,shared his ideas as to what cultural products China needs.First of all,they ought to show the spirit of the Chinese people and connotation of Chinese culture vividly.Secondly,the products need to conform to human values and universal aesthetic standards.It would be better if the products cater for foreign viewers’habit and taste.“We have been in the new era when the need for systematic research of our own culture is pressing,”said NPC deputy Ling Jiefang,“In addition,we would borrow ideas from the West,which helps promote our own culture.”Dilemma:tradition and modernityMany Chinese and foreign polls have shown that elements of traditional Chinese culture,for example Confucius,Kung Fu and porcelain are regarded as symbols of Chinese culture for quite a long time.How to let the world know more about Chinese culture in modern times has become a dilemma of the current Chinese culture’s going out.Liu Yuening said:“The understanding and exchange of any form of culture is not done overnight.A long-term mechanism for disseminating Chinese culture is needed,at the same time innovation with a modern perspective is encouraged as well.Chinese culture is a treasure rather than a burden to Chinese people in modern times.”The TV drama Legend of Zhenhuan’s landing on the U.S.sparked heated debate.“The exploration needs a period of time,during which all kinds of culture products can express freely,”said Ling Jiefang,“No cultural brand is established yet for Chinese culture’s going out.An overall and systematic research is urgently needed.”People-to-people exchange boostsInnovation is mentioned by almost every NPC deputy and CPPCC member when talking about Chinese culture’s going out.Liu Yuening has just finished her Chinese Spring Festival Concert held in Switzerland.She said,“The concert was a commercial operation that won positive good response.Tickets were sold to local people who are interested in Chinese music.”She appeals to set up a fund aiming to support those musicians going out and people-to-people cultural exchanges.Chen Zhilin believes that with the help of local directors,local scene designers and local service departments,traditional Chinese stories and traditional opera would be better understood by local people.The way of blending the West and East helps improve the effect of Chinese culture’s going out.(source:/pc/12_1/2013—03/13/content_1782175.htm)Part FiveLanguage FocusI.Word familyNoun Verb Adjective Adverb identity/identification identify identifiable/ access/accessibility access accessible accessibly Conception conceive conceivable conceivably Discrimination discriminate discriminatory/Coordination coordinate coordinated/Fill in the blanks with the words above.1.conceived 4.access7.accessible10.coordinated2.identifiable 5.discrimination8.inconceivable3.coordination 6.identification9.discriminateII.Idioms,phrasal verbs and fixed expressions1.for 4.out7.in10.out2.for 5.off8.with3.to 6.down9.throughIII.Collocations1.introduced 3.rules 5.enforce2.concrete/solid; 4.ensure 6.evidenceaboutplete the following sentences with the words and phrases given in the box.1.embarked 5.when it comes to9.overall13.motif2.look the part es to mind10.rendered14.wrestling3.chill prises11.push the envelope15.requisite4.permeated8.encompasses12.run the gamutComprehensive PracticeI.Translate the following into English,using the words and phrases from the texts. Suggested answer1.Friends,family and neighbors are often baffled about who to call for help in the event of suchan emergency.2.The Republican and Democratic parties have the same objectives in anti-terrorist issues,butreached by different pathways.Great odds are that they have become two sides of the same coin,opposing and compromising with each other.3.The ratings of occupations are based,in part,on levels of education.Therefore,it is likely theconnection between educational difficulties experienced by adolescents with disabilities and occupational aspirations play an important role in understanding the research results.4.It is no secret that financial crises in Asia undercut demand for oil so rapidly that pricesplunged for a time below$10a barrel,prompting production cuts and the cancellation of several exploration projects.5.Following some early negative media coverage and social media backlash,Zara’s parentcompany Inditex—the ninth largest retailer in the world,and the biggest apparel company, issued an apology.II.Translate the following into Chinese.Suggested answer约翰·莫利在著作《穿出成功》中没有断言何为穿着品位的优劣。

商务英语综合教程1王立非答案unite61、90．—I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ________. —A map is helpful, I think. [单选题] *A．price(正确答案)B．timeC．wayD．ticket2、A little learning is a dangerous thing, _____ the saying goes. [单选题] *A. likeB. as(正确答案)C. withD. if3、79．On a ________ day you can see the city from here. [单选题] *A．warmB．busyC．shortD．clear(正确答案)4、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for5、John Smith is _______ of the three young men. [单选题] *A. strongB. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest(正确答案)6、The commander said that two _____ would be sent to the Iraqi front line the next day. [单选题] *A. women's doctorB. women doctorsC. women's doctorsD. women doctor(正确答案)7、Boys and girls, _______ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营)．[单选题] *A. puttingB. to putC. put(正确答案)D. puts8、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining9、The notice put _______ on the wall says “No Smoking”. [单选题] *A. up(正确答案)B. offC. awayD. out10、The（)majority of the members were against the idea. [单选题] *A. substantialB. enormousC. considerable(正确答案)D. overwhelming11、____ is standing at the corner of the street. [单选题] *A. A policeB. The policeC. PoliceD. A policeman(正确答案)12、( )Keep quiet, please. It’s ________ noisy here. [单选题] *A. many tooB. too manyC. too muchD. much too(正确答案)13、——Have you（）your friend Bill recently? ———No, he doesnt often write to me. [单选题] *A. heard aboutB. heard ofC. heard from (正确答案)D. received from14、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for15、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all16、Stephanie _______ going shopping to staying at home. [单选题] *A. prefers(正确答案)B. likesC. preferD. instead17、Sichuan used to have more people than ______ province in China. [单选题] *A. otherB. any other(正确答案)C. anotherD. any others18、She’s _______ with her present _______ job. [单选题] *A. boring; boringB. bored; boredC. boring; boredD. bored; boring(正确答案)19、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)20、He always ______ the teacher carefully in class. [单选题] *A. listensB. listens to(正确答案)C. hearsD. hears of21、The manager demanded that all employees _____ on time. [单选题] *A. be(正确答案)B. areC. to beD. would be22、—What were you doing when the rainstorm came?—I ______ in the library with Jane. （）[单选题] *A. readB. am readingC. will readD. was reading(正确答案)23、Do not _______ me to help you unless you work harder. [单选题] *A. expect(正确答案)B. hopeC. depend24、Chinese is one of ____ most widely used languages in ____ world. [单选题] *A. a, theB. /, theC. the, the(正确答案)D. a, /25、I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. [单选题] *A. orB. andC. soD. but(正确答案)26、The twins _______ us something about their country. [单选题] *A. told(正确答案)B. saidC. talkedD. spoke27、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy28、Many young people like to _______ at weekends. [单选题] *A. eat out(正确答案)B. eat upC. eat onD. eat with29、—______ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.（）[单选题] *A. How often(正确答案)B. How muchC. How manyD. How long30、37．It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] * A．to ride (正确答案)C．rides D．ride。

论商务英语语言学的理论体系作为我国英语语言教育教学体系中的重要组成部分，商务英语在新的时代背景之下备受关注，这一专业英语教学能够实现人才培养策略与时代发展需求之间的紧密对接，保障所培养出来的人才能够更好地满足时代发展的需求。

但是与其他的专业学科相比，商务英语所涉及的内容比较复杂，其中语言学最为关键。

本文站在宏观的角度着眼于商务英语的教育教学现状，对语言学的理论体系进行进一步的探讨，以期为丰富商务英语教学模式、提升这一专业教学的质量及水平提供一定的借鉴。

标签：商务英语;语言学;理论体系一、商务英语语言学理论体系在对商务英语语言学进行分析和研究时，首先需要了解这一专门用途语言学的具体内涵，任何语言学理论体系的构建都必须要以专业语言的形式分析为依据，站在语言学的角度，着眼于商务英语的双重性特征来进行有效的表现。

从微观的角度上来看，商务英语的形式比较复杂，外部特征主要以商務语境为依据，专业人士需要在具体的商务语境之中实现双向交流以及互动，商务英语的应用则显得非常关键。

内部特征则侧重于商务专业领域在内容上的分析及研究，只能够以商务专业领域的具体分析为依据，通过专业话语的使用来实现有效交流。

因此学术界在对商务英语进行分析时明确提出，这种语言形式主要以具体的商务语境为依据，属于一种特殊的语言种类，其中英语语言规律以及特征的分析是基础，只有结合这两点来实现语言学理论体系的有效构建，才可以呈现这种语言本身的内部体系以及内部特征。

在构建商务英语语言学理论体系之前，参与工作者需要注重语言词汇在广度和深度上的分析，了解句法的具体结构以及语体特征，结合专业知识与认知规律来构建完善的理论研究框架以及体系，充分展现语言学的研究作用及优势，促进跨文化商务交流活动的顺利开展。

二、商务英语语言学的理论体系结合上文的相关论述可以发现，商务英语语言学的理论体系具有明显的系统性以及一致性，与其他的语言形式相比，商务英语语言学必须要以具体的商务语境为依据，了解英语语言学的核心内涵以及外在表现，只有这样才能够保障整个理论体系的完整性以及多元化。