专业英语第六课

《专业英语》教学大纲课程类别：专业方向课程性质：选修英文名称：Special English总学时：40 讲授学时：32 实训学时：8学分：2.5先修课程：护理学基础、大学英语适用专业：：护理学专业（涉日护理方向）开课单位：护理学院一、课程简介专业英语教学内容涵盖了医学专业词汇构词法、医院的科室介绍、门诊病人接待、导医、住院病人护理和治疗、对病人的健康教育以及国际护士资格考试相关介绍等内容。

通过本课程的学习，帮助学生掌握常见的护理术语和表达，能够与病人和其他医务工作者进行口语交流；了解医学英语术语的构词法，掌握常见的词根、前缀、后缀，能够初步读懂护理文献；了解CGFNS考试的有关信息及考试范围、内容及、题型，为CGFNS的自学提供基础。

二、教学内容及基本要求第一章：医学英语词汇（6学时）教学要求：识记：（1）常见的词根、前缀、后缀的意义（2）护理环境中常见疾病、物品、器械等的表达方式理解：（1）医学英语术语的构词法应用：（1）能对一般护理文献进行翻译授课方式：讲授、自学、实训第二章：Orienting the Patient to the Unit and Hospital （2学时）教学要求：理解：（1）关于病人入院美国医院与中国医院的异同应用：（1）能为新入院病人介绍医院环境和规章制度授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第三章：Filling out the Admission Form （2学时）教学要求：应用：（1）会应用护理病历单对病人进行资料收集（2）会应用口语向病人解释护理专业名词授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第四章：Explaining Procedures （2学时）教学要求：应用：（1）用口语向病人解释常见护理操作的目的（2）能在护理操作中与病人进行交流并对病人进行适当的解释授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第五章：Explaining Routines （2学时）识记：（1）常用护理常规的表达方式（2）美国护理环境中温度、体重、身高的表达方式应用：（1）会用口语向病人解释常见护理常规的意义授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第六章：Preoperative Care （2学时）教学要求：理解：（1）“知情同意书”的意义（2）交班制度应用：（1）会对术前病人进行饮食、备皮等方面的健康教育（2）会向病人解释术后常见并发症及其原因、预防措施授课方式：授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第七章：Postoperative Care （2学时）教学要求：应用：（1）会对术后病人进行呼吸运动、下床活动的指导授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第八章：Emergency Care （2学时）教学要求：识记：（1）收集病人过去病史和现病史的表达应用：（1）能对心脏病病人进行护理评估授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第九章：Coronary Care Unit （2学时）教学要求：应用：（1）能说出常用的急救设备（2）会向病人解释常见急救设备的用途授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第十章：Obstetrics （2学时）教学要求：识记：（1）对孕妇问诊的常用表达方式应用：（1）能对孕妇进行饮食、运动、用药等方面的健康教育授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第十一章：Discharge Planing （2学时）教学要求：识记：（1）对病人进行出院指导的内容应用：（1）能说出含钾高的食物（2）能对高血压病人进行饮食指导与用药指导授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第十二章：CGFNS简介（4学时）教学要求：理解：（1）CGFNS考试应用：（1）会做简单的CGFNS考试题目授课方式：讲授、课堂作业法第十三章：Patient Education: Medication （4学时）应用：（1）能对病人进行药物治疗方面健康教育授课方式：讲授、角色扮演第十四章：Patient Education: Examination （6 学时）教学要求：应用：（1）能对病人解释常见检查的目的，并进行指导授课方式：讲授、角色扮演三、其他教学环节安排四、考核方式（1）平时成绩：30%学习态度：10分翻译及读书笔记汇报：10分角色扮演实训报告：10分（2）期末考核：70%笔试：70分五、教材及主要参考书（1）教材：Judith Perry，蔡碧华．护理美语．XX：科学出版社，2006．（2）主要参考书：宋军．护理专业英语．XX：人民卫生出版社，2006．Smeltzer，S. C. O. and Bare，B. G．Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing （10th Ed）. Philadelphia，PA．Lippincott Williams & Wilkins，2004．。

第六课飞行控制flight control飞行操纵舵面flight control surface副翼aileron 扰流板spoiler襟翼flap 缝翼slat冲压空气涡轮RA T ram air turbine动力操纵组件PCU power control unit动力传动组件PDU power drive unit动力转换组件PTU power transfer unitPCA前起落架轮舱nose wheel well副翼前扇形轮aileron fwd quadrant杆力限制器push rod force limiter横向感觉配平定中机构lateral feel trim & centering mechanism电子副翼配平作动器electric aileron trim actuator自动驾驶伺服器auto pilot servo横向操纵机构lateral control override mechanism副翼位置传感器aileron position transmitter线性可变位移传感器L VDT linear variable displacement transducer转动可变位移传感器RVDT rotating variable displacement transducer自动减速板作动器auto speed brake actuator无回程离合器no-back clutch扰流板控制组件spoiler control module主设备中心MEC main equipment center襟翼位置指示器flap position indicator左轮舱left wheel well襟翼缝翼电子组件FSEU flap and slat electronic unit 齿轮箱gear box液压旁通活门hydraulic bypass valve扭力管torque tube第七章水平安定面horizontal stabilizer垂直安定面vertical stabilizer升降舵elevator方向舵rudder中央操纵台center control stand滚球螺杆，滚球螺帽ball screw and ballnut第十二章起落架landing gear前起落架nose gear主起落架main gear收起作动筒retract actuator 前起落架舱门nose gear door 过中位锁over center lock 起落架选择器gear selection顺序活门sequence valve 折叠式撑杆folding side brace减震支柱shock strut转向梁truck beam起落架备用放下系统alternate gear extension system 备用放下动力组件alternate extension power pack 舱门安全活门door safety valve红色舱门不安全指示灯red door unsafe light空地感应系统air-ground sensing system防拖胎保护anti-skid protection惯性基准系统inertial reference system多元盘组件multiple-disk assembly第二十六课液压系统磅每平方英寸PSI pound per inch转每分RPM revolution per minute腐蚀corrosion液压油箱hydraulic reservoir竖管stand pipe反推装置thrust reverser发动机传动泵EDP engine driven pump交流马达泵ACMP alternating current motor pump 热交换器heat exchanger隔离活门isolation valve备用液压系统reserve hydraulic system附件齿轮箱AGB accessory gear box发动机吊架engine strut供油切断活门the supply shut-off valve龙骨梁keel beam壳体放泄油滤组件case drain filter module油量传感器quantity transmitter回油滤组件return filter module机身整流罩body fairing螺旋桨桨×propeller hub转速表tachometer第二十七课燃油系统防波油箱surge tank隔流肋baffle rib通气斗vent scoop阻焰器flame arrester释压活门pressure relief valve浮子放泄活门float drain valve燃油总管fueling manifold燃油总管放泄活门fueling manifold drain valve燃油箱通气系统the fuel tank vent system燃油量指示系统FQIS the fuel quantity indicating system 加油系统fueling system供油系统the fuel feed system喷射泵集油系统jet pump sumping system增压泵boost pump超控泵override pump单向交输活门single cross feed valve发动机供油关断活门engine fuel shutoff valve交输供油活门cross-feed manifold自由摆向单向活门free-swinging check valve手拧螺钉thumb screw机载紧急放油系统air borne fuel jettison system集油放泄口sump drain比重计：densitometer →密度：density｝→重量weight油箱电容﹢介电常数→体积微处理器（tank capacitance）（dielectric constant）（volume）（microprocessor）↑↑油箱组件tank unit 补偿器compensator。

Unit Six Severe Storms 第六课：强风暴New Words▪glossary n.词汇▪blizzard n.雪暴▪snowfall n.降雪▪snowdrift n.雪堆▪coat v.覆盖▪hailstorm n.雹暴▪wake n.尾流▪rate v. 评价；rate n. 比率，速度 , e.g., at a rate of，以…的速率▪devastating a. 破坏性的；devastate v. ; devastation n.▪top v. 封顶，盖住； top n. 顶▪radiosonde n. 无线电探空仪▪enlarge v.放大en+… n./adj./--→ v. enrich, endanger, enable,▪downdraft n.下曳气流； updraft n.上升气流▪upper-level n.高层，高空；lower-level n.低层，低空 mid-level 中层▪outflow v.流出； inflow v.流出▪blast n.阵风；gust n.阵风;一阵狂风▪airline n.航线，航空公司；flight n.航班▪typhoon n. 台风；hurricane n. 飓风；tropical cyclone n.热带气旋；tropical storm n. 热带风暴▪cyclone n.气旋；cyclonic a.气旋性的;vortex n.涡旋anticyclone n.反气旋；anticyclonic a.反气旋性的▪destructive a. 破坏性的▪multi-cell n. 多单体； super-cell n.超级单体▪water-rich a. 含水丰富的▪waterspout n.水龙卷 ;tornado n.龙卷；whirl n.旋风，涡旋▪suction n. 虹吸，吸（水）▪exterior n.外部； interior n.内部▪exploration n. 探索▪hook-shaped a. 钩状的Text•According to the Glossary of Meteorology, a storm is “any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth’s surface and strongly implying destructive or otherwise unpleasant weather”.•In winter most storms are cyclonic in nature; they cover large areas, produce rain or snow, and often are cold and windy.•These storms usually do more good than harm because the precipitation they yield waters farms and fills streams, lakes, and reservoirs.▪Sometimes winter cyclones become intense as their central pressures fall.▪As a result the winds increase in strength, and if there is adequate atmospheric moisture, there can be flood-causing rains or heavy snow falls that close down entire cities.▪In some cases blizzards occur as a strong, cold winds, that carry the snow into large snow-drifts. ▪In such storms, grazing animals on the open range can become isolated, run out of food, or even freeze to death.▪Among the most dangerous of winter storms are those that produce freezing rain.▪By coating streets, highways, and airports runways with ice, the storms cause a large number of motor vehicle accidents and pose serious hazards at airports.▪Winter storms usually develop gradually, move slowly, and can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy.▪On the other hand, severe storms of a convective nature develop so rapidly and are so small and short-lived that they are difficult to forecast.▪Violent thunderstorms, hailstorms, and tornadoes develop in tens of minutes and can strike with frighten suddenness.▪In minutes a hailstorm can destroy a field of wheat or a tornado can demolish a score of buildings, leaving injured and dead in its wake.▪Another type of severe storms, the hurricanes and its counterparts in other parts of the words, are relatively large, intense tropical cyclones. ▪Although they do not contain the concentrated power of tornadoes, hurricanes are more energetic, larger and longer-lived, and therefore they can do more damage than tornadoes.▪Occasionally, individual violent storms can cause great losses.▪In some parts of the world extreme weather can take human tolls that nearly defy belief.▪For example, a tropical cyclone that struck Bangladesh in November in 1970 took more than a quarter of million lives and rates as one of nature’s most devastating calamities.▪The storm was a Southeast Asian version of the South Atlantic hurricane.Commonly, thunderstorms extend to altitudes of about 10 km and often are topped by anvil clouds composed of the crystals blowing away from the main cloud regions.Although thunderstorms take on many sizes, shapes, and structures, they may be considered to fall into two broad categories: local or air mass thunderstorms and organized thunderstorms.▪Local storms are fairly isolated and have a short lifetime—less than an hour or so.▪A great deal was learned by flying instrumented airplanes through thunderstorms and by observing them by means of radar, radiosonde, and other ground-based instruments.▪A local thunderstorms is made up of one or more “cells” each of which follows a three-stage life cycle: cumulus stage, mature stage and dissipating stage.Paragraph 10-1▪Under the cloud, even before rain reaches the ground, there often is a downward rush of cool air that spreads rapidly outward away from the cloud.▪Depending on the strength of the upper-level winds and of the downdraft, outflowing surface winds can range from light breezes to strong blasts.▪The cool air usually advances ahead of the thunderstorm, and sometimes does appreciable damage to vegetation and buildings.Paragraph 10-2▪The downdrafts and outflowing air and the associated wind shear represent a serious hazard to airplanes in the process of landing and taking off.▪Particularly strong downdrafts have been termed “downbursts” which are responsible for a number of crashes by commercial airlines.Hurricanes飓风Paragraph 11▪Tropical cyclones that occur over the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and have maximum wind speeds greater than 32.6 m/s (73 mi/hr) are called hurricanes.▪Similar storms over the western North Pacific are called typhoons.▪The ones that develop over the Indian Ocean and affect India and southeast Asia are called cyclones.▪Hurricanes of the Pacific coast of Mexico have been named cyclones by the natives of the country.▪Various other names are used in other parts of the world.▪The paths followed by hurricanes are determined mostly by the prevailing wind currents in which the hurricanes are located.▪In their developing stages the storms are transported by easterly winds that prevail over the tropics.▪As the “steering” current changes, the hurricane path also changes.▪In some cases there are abrupt shifts in the direction of travel.▪As hurricanes move over land or over higher-latitude oceans, they become weaker.▪This occurs primarily because the energy input is reduced as the storm leaves the regions of warm ocean water.▪In addition, when a hurricane passes over a continent, the terrain exerts additional frictional force that act to reduce the speeds.▪Hurricanes passing over land can be very destructive and lethal.▪When hurricane Camille swept into Mississippi in August 1969, it caused about 1.5 billion of damage.▪The torrential rains from hurricane Agnes in 1972 caused massive flooding over the eastern United States.▪Although it was not true in the case of Agnes, loss of life and destruction of property usually are a result of the storm surge, a wave of ocean water generated by the hurricanes winds as the storm approaches the coast.▪A wall of water some 3m or more in height can be produced.▪As it swept over low-lying land, it can cause devastating floods.Hailstones冰雹Paragraph 14▪Hail usually is produced by large, long-lasting thunderstorm classified as multicell or supercell thunderstorms.▪The thunderstorm often are arranged in lines or bands that are call squall lines and occur most often in the spring and early summer months.▪These are the periods when atmospheric conditions are most favorable for the development of violent thunderstorms.▪According to a highly regarded hailstorm model, first offered by two English scientists, hailstones began to form in the water-rich, rising air that enters the cloud along its leading edge.▪As they grow by colliding with supercooled drops, the hailstones fall at increasing speeds through the air and intercept increasing quantities of supercooled water.▪If the updraft speed exceeds the terminal velocity of the hailstones, they are carried upward.▪The upper-level winds move them forward across the upper part of the storm to a region of weaker updrafts.▪If the updrafts are not strong enough to hold up the hailstones, they fall toward the ground.▪After descending several kilometers, some of the stones fall into the strong updraft core and are carried upward again for a second passage through the supercooled cloud.▪A series of such trips can lead to large hailstones.▪As ice particle starting with a diameter of 1 mm can grow to 3 cm after exposure to the high liquid water contents in a strong updraft.▪In thunderstorms with strong, persistent updrafts, large hailstones can be grown without the recycling process.Tornadoes龙卷▪Thunderstorms producing large hail are also likely to produce tornadoes.▪Contrary to the opinions of many people, tornadoes are not particularly energetic.▪ An average tornado contains much less energy than the thunderstorm that produces it, and is appreciably less energetic cyclone.▪But since the energy of a tornado is expended in a short period of time, its power-energy divided by time is relatively high.▪Because of their concentrated power, tornadoes are probably the most feared of all weather phenomena.▪They often strike suddenly, with little warning, and in a few minutes cause extensive damage to property, injuries, and loss of life.▪A tornado may have the appearance of a narrow funnel, cylinder, or rope extending from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground.▪The visible funnel consists mostly of water droplets formed by condensation in the funnel. Near the ground blowing dust, leaves, and other debris identify the presence of a strong vortex. ▪Tornadoes and weak visible vortex observed over water—most often in the tropics and subtropics—are called waterspouts.▪Tornadoes are generally small, typically less than a few hundred meters in diameter, but some are larger than 1 km.▪With rare exceptions the winds are cyclonic, that is , they blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.▪The funnels usually touch the ground for only a few minutes or so, but some have been reported to last for much more than an hour.▪The maximum wind speeds in tornadoes usually are between about 33 and 100 m/s (73 and 224 mi/hr), but occasionally they may exceed 120m/s.▪the higher the intensity rating, the greater is the damage potential of a tornado.▪Most of the fatalities and property destruction are caused by a small number of large, long-lived tornadoes.▪During the decade ending in 1970 fewer that 2 percent of the largest tornadoes accounted for 85 percent of the fatalities.▪Within a tornado there are still smaller, intense whirls that Fujita calls suction vortices.▪They have diameters of about 10 m.▪A small, short-lived tornado might have only one;a maxi-tornado would have many suction vortices.▪Fujita proposed that these small vortices account for occasional observations of virtually total destruction of one structure while another one 10 m away is left unscathed.▪The pressure in a tornado funnel is substantially lower than the surrounding atmospheric pressure.▪It has been estimated that in a very severe tornado the central pressure might be more than 100mb less than the pressure outside the funnel.▪The pressure differences between the interior and exterior of a tornado can account in part for the damage to buildings whose doors and windows are closed tightly.▪When a tornado moves over such a structure, the outside pressure drops rapidly while the pressure inside falls more slowly.▪The resulting pressure differences augment those caused by the dynamical effects of the wind.▪When the pressure inside a building substantially exceeds the pressure on the outside, the result is a strong outward pressure force.▪Such a force can do extensive damage; in some cases it could pick up the roof and blow out the wall of a building.▪Tornadoes– as is the case with hail – are most frequent in the late afternoon and early evening and occur in the spring and early summer months.▪It is during this period that the necessary meteorological conditions are most likely to be present.▪Even in these years of space exploration, many tornadoes are detected visually by ordinary citizens who spot the funnels and notify local officials.▪Increasingly, radar is being used to detect and track tornado storms.▪Conventional radars cannot specially identify a tornado, and therefore it is necessary to use characteristics of the radar echoes to infer the presence of the tornadoes.▪Occasionally, the shape of an echo is a good indication of the presence of ,or the impending formation of tornadoes.▪The most reliable such indicator is a hook-shaped echo extending from a thunderstorm, but most of the time the echo shape is of little use in ascertaining if there is a tornado.▪Thunderstorms that cause intense radar echoes that extend to great altitudes should be regarded as threats to produce hail and tornadoes.▪A Doppler radar can observe the same quantities as can a conventional radar, but in addition it can measure the speed, toward or away, from the radar of targets such as raindrops or other liquid or solid objects.▪Recent research has shown that Doppler radar can identify and locate tornadoes, sometimes as much as 20 minutes before the funnel reaches the ground.。

计算机专业英语全套教案第一课：计算机基础词汇教学目标：1. 学生能够掌握计算机专业的基本英语词汇。

2. 学生能够运用这些词汇进行简单的英语交流。

教学内容：1. 计算机硬件词汇：CPU, RAM, HDD, SSD, Motherboard, Graphics Card, etc.2. 计算机软件词汇：Operating System, Application Software, Utility Software, etc.3. 计算机网络词汇：Internet, Network, Router, Switch, IP Address, etc.教学步骤：1. 导入：通过展示计算机硬件和软件的图片，引导学生猜测其英文名称。

2. 新课内容讲解：详细讲解每个词汇的含义、用法，并给出示例句子。

3. 练习：分组进行角色扮演，运用所学词汇进行对话练习。

作业：1. 抄写本节课所学词汇，并用每个词汇造一个句子。

2. 搜集计算机专业英语词汇，扩充自己的词汇库。

第二课：计算机编程英语教学目标：1. 学生能够理解计算机编程的基本英语术语。

2. 学生能够阅读简单的计算机编程英文资料。

教学内容：1. 编程基础词汇：Variable, Function, Loop, Condition, Array, etc.2. 编程语言名称：C++, Java, Python, JavaScript, etc.3. 编程语句：If, Else, While, For, Switch, etc.教学步骤：1. 导入：简要介绍计算机编程的重要性，引发学生学习兴趣。

2. 新课内容讲解：讲解编程英语词汇和语句，结合实际编程案例进行分析。

3. 练习：分组讨论，用英语描述一个简单的编程问题及解决方案。

作业：1. 抄写本节课所学编程英语词汇，并用每个词汇造一个句子。

第三课：计算机网络英语教学目标：1. 学生能够理解计算机网络的基本概念和英语表达。

2. 学生能够描述计算机网络的结构和功能。

生物专业英语第六课：The origin and diversity of lifecosmic['kɔzmik]adj. 宇宙的（等于cosmical）explosion英[ik'spləʊʒ(ə)n; ek-] 美[ik'sploʒən]bang英[bæŋ]美[bæŋ] n.重击；突然巨响adv. 直接地；砰然地；突然巨响地condensed [kən'denst]adj. 浓缩的；扼要的vt. 浓缩（condense的过去分词）primordial [prai'mɔ:diəl]adj. 原始的；根本的；原生的原始的| 本初的| 最初的roughly ['rʌfli]adv. 粗糙地；概略地layers ['leiəz]n. 图层面板，图层集合（layer复数形式）；层面板solid ['sɔlid]adj. 固体的；可靠的；立体的；结实的；一致的n. 固体；立方体crust [krʌst]n. 地壳；外壳；面包皮；坚硬外皮vi. 结硬皮；结成外壳mantle ['mænt(ə)l]n. 地幔；斗篷；覆盖物vi. 覆盖；脸红vt. 覆盖molten ['məult(ə)n]adj. 熔化的；铸造的；炽热的v. 换毛；脱毛（molt过去分词）composition [kɔmpə'ziʃ(ə)n]n. 作文，作曲，作品；[材] 构成；合成物；组成nonliving [nɒn'liviŋ]adj. 无生命的；非生物的prelife ['pri:laif]n. 前世，前生pioneering [paiə'niəriŋ]adj. 首创的；先驱的miller ['milə]n.人名；(西、葡)米列尔；米勒Urey ['juəri]尤里（美国化学家，曾获1934年诺贝尔化学奖）monomer ['mɒnəmə]n. 单体；单元结构；单体；单分子物体；单基体amino [ə'mi:nəʊ; ə'mainəʊ]adj. 氨基的；胺基nucleic [nju:'kli:ik]核的；核酸polymers ['pɔliməs]n. [高分子] 聚合物；[高分子] 高分子（polymer的复数）proteinoid ['prəʊti:nɔid]类蛋白质；类蛋白nuclei ['nju:kliai]n. 核心，核子；原子核（nucleus的复数形式）polymerization [,pɔlimərai'zeiʃn]n. 聚合；[高分子] 聚合作用clay [klei]n. [土壤] 粘土；泥土；肉体；似黏土的东西aggregates ['ægrigət]n. 总量；合体（aggregate的复数）；聚合物polymer ['pɒlimə]n. [高分子] 聚合物；聚合体droplets ['drɒplit]n. [流] 液滴（droplet的复数）；飞沫liposome ['lipəusəum, 'lai-]脂质体| 微脂粒| 微脂囊microsphere ['maikrə(ʊ)sfiə(r)]微球| 微球体| 中心体lipid ['lipid]n. [生化] 脂质；油脂bilayer ['baileiə]n. 双分子层（膜）phospholipid [,fɒsfə(ʊ)'lipid]n. [生化] 磷脂precursor [pri'kɜ:sə]n. 先驱，前导mimic ['mimik]vt. 模仿，摹拟adj. 模仿的，模拟的；假装的动名词mimicking ribozyme ['raibəzaim]n. 酶性核酸；核糖酶catalyst ['kæt(ə)list]n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素catalytic [,kætə'litik]adj. 接触反应的；起催化作用的n. 催化剂；刺激因素metabolic [,metə'bɔlik]adj. 变化的；新陈代谢的fossil ['fɔs(ə)l; -sil]化石；地壳中包存的属于古地质年代的动物或植物的遗体anaerobic [[,æneə'rəubik]]厌氧法| 厌氧的| 无氧的heterotroph ['hetərəutrɔf]n. [生物] 异养生物autotrophs [ɔtə,trɔfs]n. [生物] 自养生物（autotroph的复数）ozone ['əuzəun]n. [化学] 臭氧；新鲜的空气penetration [peni'treiʃ(ə)n]n. 渗透；突破；侵入；洞察力ultraviolet [ʌltrə'vaiələt]adj. 紫外的；紫外线的n. 紫外线辐射，紫外光shallow ['ʃæləʊ]n. [地理] 浅滩adj. 浅的；肤浅的aerobic [[eə'rəʊbik]]有氧的；需氧的；好气inner [inə]adj. 内部的；内心的；精神的partially ['pɑ:ʃ(ə)li]adv. 部分地；局部地segment ['segm(ə)nt]n. 段；部分continental [kɒnti'nent(ə)l]adj. 大陆的；大陆性的drift [drift]n. 漂流，漂移；趋势；漂流物sculpt [skʌlpt]vt. vi. 造型；雕刻accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]vt. 陪伴，伴随；伴奏过去式accompanied occasional [ə'keiʒ(ə)n(ə)l]adj. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的extinction [ik'stiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n; ek-]n. 消失；消灭；废止；灭绝glaciation ['glesi'eʃən]冰川作用；冰蚀现象；冻结成冰orbit ['ɔ:bit]n. 轨道；vt. 绕轨道而行taxonomy [tæk'sɒnəmi]n. 分类学；分类法binomial [bai'nəʊmiəl]n. [数] 二项式；二种名称adj. 二项式的；二种名称的nomenclature [nə(ʊ)'meŋklətʃə; 'nəʊmən,kleitʃə]n. 命名法；术语Linnaeus [li'ni(:)əs]n. 林奈（瑞典博物学家，建立了植物等级）categorize ['kætəgəraiz]vt. 分类genus ['dʒi:nəs; 'dʒenəs]n. 类，种；[生物] 属phylum ['failəm]n. 门（分类）；动物门kingdom ['kiŋdəm]n. 王国；界（分类）；领域division [di'viʒ(ə)n]n. [数] 除法；部门；分割；师（军队）；赛区subfield ['sʌbfi:ld]n. [数] 子域；分区anatomy [ə'nætəmi]n. 解剖；解剖学；剖析；骨骼comparative [kəm'pærətiv]adj. 比较的；相当的define [di'fain]vt. 定义；使明确；规定taxon ['tæksɒn]n. [生物] 分类单元；分类学复数taxamorphological [,mɔ:fə'lɒdʒikəl]adj. 形态学的criterion [krai'tiəriən]n. （批评判断的）标准；准则；规范；准据clade [kleid]n. 分化枝；进化枝ancestor ['ænsestə]n. 始祖，祖先；被继承人phylogenetic [,failədʒi'netik]adj. [生物] 系统发生的；动植物种类史的graphic ['græfik]adj. 形象的；图表的；绘画似的；图像representation [,reprizen'teiʃ(ə)n]n. 代表；表现；表示法；陈述graphic representation 图示法| 图形表示法kingdoms monera [məu'ni:rə]原核生物界protista ['prəutistə]n. 原生生物；真核原生生物界plantae ['plæn,ti:]n. 植物界animalia [,æni'meiliə]n. 动物类；动物界organizational [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃənl]adj. 组织的；编制的。

昆明学院《专业英语》课程教学大纲（适用电气专业）（共 32 学时）一、课程的性质、地位、任务和教学目标（一）课程的性质和地位专业英语是电气工程及其自动化的通识教育公共必修课程之一，随着国际交流的日益广泛,专业英语的重要性也日渐明显。

本课程是专业基础教育的一门选修课。

本课程既是专业知识的学习又是英语的学习，具有双重意义。

（二）课程的主要任务课程的主要任务从以下三个方面体现：1. 专业词汇领会掌握250-300个本专业单词，以及由这些词构成的常用词组200-250个，并具有按构词语法识别生词的能力。

2. 阅读翻译能力借助工具书，能流利阅读本专业的英文书籍及相关资料，并有一定的翻译能力。

3. 英文摘要写作与学术交流能力具有初步的英文摘要写作与学术交流能力。

教学重点：1．掌握教材中出现过的专业英语词汇；2．掌握专业英语的阅读技巧；3．掌握专业英语的翻译技巧；4．掌握专业英语的语法特点；5．掌握专业英语和科技英语中的常见文体，尤其是学术论文的写作知识。

教学难点：1．专业英语词汇的积累；2．专业英语的正确应用。

（三）课程的教学目标本课程目标是使学生了解专业英语的基本特点，并学习相应的专业词汇，提高学生应用英语的能力。

学生通过本课程的学习，能够了解专业英语的特点，可以拓展自己的专业词汇，能基本无障碍的阅读本专业英文文献，具备一定翻译本专业英文文献和和写作本专业英文科技论文的基础，并有一定的学术交流能力，为将来从事专业工作打下必要的基础。

二、课程教学环节组成由课堂讲授，师生讨论，习题课，答疑，复习等环节组成。

三、课程教学内容纲要第一章：Fundamentals of Electric Circuits【目的和要求】掌握课文及专业英文的语法特点和词汇特点。

【教学内容】1.1 Current and Voltage1.2 Circuit Elements1.3 Ohm’s Law1.4 Kirchhoff’s Laws1.5 Basic Analysis Methods1.6 Sinusoidal AC Circuit Analysis and Three-Phase Circuit【重点和难点】1）The relation between power and energy2）Independent sources3）How to use Kirchhoff’s current law and voltage law?4）Nodal analysis5）Balanced three-phase Voltage第二章：Electronics【目的和要求】掌握课文及词义选择、词义的引申和长难句的翻译。