SCI写作常用经典句子集锦
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sci写作句式以下是一些常用的SCI写作句式:1. "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of X on Y." (本研究旨在探讨X对Y的影响。
)2. "The results indicate that X is a more effective treatment than Y for Z." (结果表明,X比Y更有效地治疗Z。
)3. "In this study, we found that X significantly improved Y in patients with Z." (在这项研究中,我们发现X显著改善了Z患者的Y。
)4. "Our data suggest that X may be a promising candidate for the treatment of Y." (我们的数据表明,X可能是治疗Y的有前途的候选者。
)5. "The results of this study demonstrate that X plays a critical role in the regulation of Y." (本研究的结果表明,X在调节Y中起着关键作用。
)6. "To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that X can regulate Y in Z." (据我们所知,这是第一项证明X可以调节Z中Y的研究。
)7. "Our findings support the hypothesis that X is essential for the development of Y." (我们的发现支持了X对Y的发展至关重要的假设。
第一部分同义词替换1. about(大约)—approximately2. get —obtain3. finish —complete4. change —transform5. method —technique6. buy —purchase7. ask —inquire8. begin、start —commence9. cheap —inexpensive10. obtainable —avaible11. use —employ12. have —possess13. get —acquire14. extra —additional15. help —assistance16. about(关于)—concerning17. enlarge —magnify18. many —numerous19. best —optimum20. lively —vigorous第二部分连接词使用1.并列递进:moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally2.转折:not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of,rather than, instead of, unfortunately3.解释:in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms4.原因:because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason5.举例:for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few6.强调:surprisingly, interestingly,intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently,in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly7.可能:presumably, probably, perhaps8.让步:although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that9.总结:overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly10.结果:therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence11. 对比比较:likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas第三部分常用句式1. 说明选题的重要性:X is the main / leading / primary / major cause of ..Xs are a common / useful / critical part of...Xs are among the most widely used / commonly discussed / well-known / well-documented / widespread/commonly investigated types of ...X is recognized as being / believed to be / widely considered to be the most important ...It is well known / generally accepted / common knowledge that X is (X)is increasingly becoming / set to become a vital factor in …Xs are undergoing a revolution / generating considerable interest in terms of …Xs are attracting considerable / increasing / widespread interest due to …2. 概述前人做过的研究:Last century X was considered to be / viewed as / seen as the most …Initial / Preliminary / The first studies of X considered it tobe...Tradition ally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …Scientists / Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …Until now / For many years / Since 1993 Xs have been considered as …X has received much attention in the last two years / in the past decade / over the last two decades …For the past five years / Since 2011 there has been a rapid rise in the use of XsThe last two years have witnessed / seen a huge growth in X …The past decade / last year has seen a renewed importance in X …Recent developments in / findings regarding X have led to …X has become a central / an important / a critical issue in …3. 展望未来:The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in XIn the next few years X will become / is likely to have becomeWithin the next few years, X is set / destined / likely to become an important component in …By 2025 / Within the next ten years, X will have become …X will soon / shortly / rapidly / inevitably be an issue that …4. 指出知识上的空缺:Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / question of …Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to address …The central / core problem ofA challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglected area in the field of...The characteristics of X are not well understood / are misunderstood / have not been dealt with in depth.It is not yet known / has not yet been established whether X can do Y. X is still poorly / not widelyunderstood.Techniques to solve X are computationally demanding / subject to high overheads / time consuming / impractical / frequently unfeasible.A major defect / difficulty / drawback / disadvantage / flaw of X is …One of the main issues in our knowledge of / what we know about X is a lack of …This particular / specific area of X has been overlooked / has b een neglected / remains unclear …Despite this interest, no one to the best of our knowledge / as far as we know has studied …Although this approach is interesting, it suffers from / fails to take into account / does not allow for…However, there is still a need for / has been little discussion on …Moreover, other solutions / research programs / approaches have failed to provide...There is stillsome / much / considerable controversy surrounding …Concerns have arisen / been raised which question / call into q uestion the validity of …In the light of recent events in x, there is now some / much / considerable concern about …5. 论述论文目标和贡献:In this report / paper / review / study we …This paper outlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to …This pape r examines / seeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to ...The present paper aims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’s findings regarding …X is presented / described / analyzed / computed / investigated / examined / introduced / discussed in order to …The aim of our work / research / study / analysis was to further / extend / widen / broaden current knowledge of …The aim of this study is to study / evaluate / validate / determine / examine / analyze / calculate / estimate / formulate …This paper calls into question / takes a new look at / re-examines / revisits / sheds new light on …We undertook this study / initiated this research / de veloped this methodology to...We believe that we have found / developed / discovered / designed an innovative solution to …We describe / present / consider / analyze a novel / simple / radical / interesting solution for …。
第一部分同义词替换1. about(大约)—approximately2. get —obtain3. finish —complete4. change —transform5. method —technique6. buy —purchase7. ask —inquire8. begin、start —commence9. cheap —inexpensive10. obtainable —avaible11. use —employ12. have —possess13. get —acquire14. extra —additional15. help —assistance16. about(关于)—concerning17. enlarge —magnify18. many —numerous19. best —optimum20. lively —vigorous第二部分连接词使用1.并列递进:moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally2.转折:not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of,rather than, instead of, unfortunately3.解释:in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms4.原因:because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason5.举例:for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few6.强调:surprisingly, interestingly,intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently,in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly7.可能:presumably, probably, perhaps8.让步:although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that9.总结:overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly10.结果:therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence11. 对比比较:likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas第三部分常用句式1. 说明选题的重要性:X is the main / leading / primary / major cause of ..Xs are a common / useful / critical part of...Xs are among the most widely used / commonly discussed / well-known / well-documented / widespread/commonly investigated types of ...X is recognized as being / believed to be / widely considered to be the most important ...It is well known / generally accepted / common knowledge that X is (X)is increasingly becoming / set to become a vital factor in …Xs are undergoing a revolution / generating considerable interest in terms of …Xs are attracting considerable / increasing / widespread interest due to …2. 概述前人做过的研究:Last century X was considered to be / viewed as / seen as the most …Initial / Preliminary / The first studies of X considered it tobe...Tradition ally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …Scientists / Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …Until now / For many years / Since 1993 Xs have been considered as …X has received much attention in the last two years / in the past decade / over the last two decades …For the past five years / Since 2011 there has been a rapid rise in the use of XsThe last two years have witnessed / seen a huge growth in X …The past decade / last year has seen a renewed importance in X …Recent developments in / findings regarding X have led to …X has become a central / an important / a critical issue in …3. 展望未来:The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in XIn the next few years X will become / is likely to have becomeWithin the next few years, X is set / destined / likely to become an important component in …By 2025 / Within the next ten years, X will have become …X will soon / shortly / rapidly / inevitably be an issue that …4. 指出知识上的空缺:Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / question of …Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to address …The central / core problem ofA challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglected area in the field of...The characteristics of X are not well understood / are misunderstood / have not been dealt with in depth.It is not yet known / has not yet been established whether X can do Y. X is still poorly / not widelyunderstood.Techniques to solve X are computationally demanding / subject to high overheads / time consuming / impractical / frequently unfeasible.A major defect / difficulty / drawback / disadvantage / flaw of X is …One of the main issues in our knowledge of / what we know about X is a lack of …This particular / specific area of X has been overlooked / has b een neglected / remains unclear …Despite this interest, no one to the best of our knowledge / as far as we know has studied …Although this approach is interesting, it suffers from / fails to take into account / does not allow for…However, there is still a need for / has been little discussion on …Moreover, other solutions / research programs / approaches have failed to provide...There is stillsome / much / considerable controversy surrounding …Concerns have arisen / been raised which question / call into q uestion the validity of …In the light of recent events in x, there is now some / much / considerable concern about …5. 论述论文目标和贡献:In this report / paper / review / study we …This paper outlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to …This pape r examines / seeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to ...The present paper aims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’s findings regarding …X is presented / described / analyzed / computed / investigated / examined / introduced / discussed in order to …The aim of our work / research / study / analysis was to further / extend / widen / broaden current knowledge of …The aim of this study is to study / evaluate / validate / determine / examine / analyze / calculate / estimate / formulate …This paper calls into question / takes a new look at / re-examines / revisits / sheds new light on …We undertook this study / initiated this research / de veloped this methodology to...We believe that we have found / developed / discovered / designed an innovative solution to …We describe / present / consider / analyze a novel / simple / radical / interesting solution for …。
适合写进英语作文的神仙句子1、"The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." (千里之行,始于足下。
)2、"Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts." (成功不是终点,失败也不是终结:唯有勇气才是永恒。
)3、"In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity." (在困难中,蕴含着机遇。
)4、"Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get." (生活就像一盒巧克力,你永远不知道你会得到什么。
)5、"The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." (生命中最大的荣耀不在于从未跌倒,而在于每次跌倒后都能重新站起来。
)6、"Believe in yourself and all that is possible will be yours." (相信自己,一切皆有可能。
)7、"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." (教育是你可以用来改变世界的最强大的武器。
)8、"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'" (我有一个梦想,有一天这个国家会站起来,实现其信条的真正含义:我们认为这些真理是不证自明的,所有人都是平等创建的。
sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一,论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。
本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点,分别列举常用的句式,旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。
二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义:- 过去几十年里,关于...的研究取得了显著进展。
(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前,对于...的认识仍然不够充分。
(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题:- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。
(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。
(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计:- 采用了...的方法进行实验。
(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中,我们考虑了...的因素。
(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设,我们采用了...的实验方案。
(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本:- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。
一些英文sci论文常用的句式和短语Introducing your workThe study will begin by outlining...This study addresses a number of issues...Chapters X and X concentrate on...The following section sets out......to examine the research problem in detail...to shed light on a number of problem areas in current theoryThe paper presented here is based in part on an earlier study Defining the scope of your studyThe focus of the study is...The central question to be examined in this paper is...The study is important for a number of reasons:Present understanding of...is limited.Many authors would agree that...Previous studies have shown or suggested that...The problem has been much discussed in recent literature.This approach has a number of advantages: firstly,...The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that...A fuller discussion of...will appear in a later publication.Arguing for and againstThis point is particularly relevant to...This becomes clear when one examines...This lends weight to the argument that...Support for this interpretation comes from...To put it another way,...This raises the question whether...While it may well be valid that..., this study argues the importance of... This begs the question why...A serious drawback of this approach is...One of the prime failings of this theory or explanation is...Reviewing other workX's study is a textbook example of...X's work has had a profound influence on...The study contains a number of new and important insights:X makes a strong case for...X takes little or no account of...There is little evidence to suggest that...It is very much an oversimplification to...The study offers only cursory examination of...X gives a detailed if not always tenable analysis of...The authors' claim that...is not well founded.X's explanation is not implausible, if not entirely satisfactory.Analysis and explanationOne tentative proposal might be that...If, for the sake of argument, we assume...One of the most obvious consequences of...is...This would appear to be supported by...There is some evidence to suggest that...The importance of...is demonstrated clearly by...Although it may well be true that..., it is important not to overlook...It is important to distinguish carefully between...It is not necessarily the case that...The extent to which this reflects...is unclear.A more plausible explanation for or of...would...The reason for...is unknown, but...has been suggested by X as a possible factor. Summary and conclusionsConcluding this section, we can say that...Chapter X draws together the main findings of the paper.The study has gone some way towards understanding...A number of key issues have been addressed in this study.The results lend strong support to...This study has highlighted a number of problem areas in existing theory. While the initial findings are promising, further research is necessary.This raises a number of questions for future research.The results of this study suggest a number of new avenues for research.英文文章常用表达和写法1.xx 的特征在于: xx is characterized by…2.xx 的2 个重要特征是:Two critical characteristics of xx are …3.爱因斯坦指出xx 的特征如下:Einstein identified the following characteristicsof xx…4.Generally, … 一般来讲,原则上… 千万不要用in principle,此原则非彼原则也5.已经采用了:have adopted …6.近年来:in recent years7.over/during the past 10 years. 比如我们说SC 过去10 年间发展很快,用over,over 是一段时间的事儿;during 是事情发生在什么期间,有时间点的意思。
英语作文30句万能金句1.In this modern society, people are faced with various challenges.2.It is undeniable that the impact of globalization is far-reaching.3.From my perspective, education plays a crucial role in shaping an individual’s future.4.It is essential to strike a balance between work and personal life.5.Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate.6.Environmental issues have become a global concern in recent years.7.The importance of time management cannot be underestimated.8.It is vital to cultivate good manners and etiquettes in today’s society.9.Learning from failures is the key to success.10.Honesty and integrity are values that should be upheld at all times.11.Teamwork and collaboration are essential in achieving common goals.12.Diversity brings about a richness of perspectives and ideas.13.The power of words can inspire and motivate others.14.A positive attitude can lead to positive outcomes.15.Critical thinking is a skill that should be developed from a young age.16.Adversity can be a stepping stone to success.17.Kindness and compassion can make the world a better place.18.Creativity and innovation drive progress anddevelopment.19.Resilience is the key to overcoming obstacles.20.The pursuit of knowledge is a lifelong journey.21.Respect for others’ opinions is a sign of ma turity.22.Health is wealth, and it is important to prioritizeself-care.23.The importance of setting goals and workingtowards them diligently cannot be overstated.24.Success is a result of hard work, determination, andperseverance.25.The power of a smile should not be underestimated.26.Empathy and understanding are the foundations ofstrong relationships.27.Continuous learning and self-improvement areessential for personal growth.28.Learning to accept feedback and criticism isimportant for personal development.29.The ability to adapt to change is a valuable skill intoday’s fast-paced world.30.Never underestimate the impact of small acts ofkindness on others.以上是英语作文30句的万能金句,希望能够为您的写作提供一些启发和帮助。
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总1.引言句:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for...- The issue of... has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry.2.概括句:- In summary, it can be concluded that...- Overall, the findings suggest that...- Taken together, these results indicate that...3.解释原因句:- This can be attributed to...- The main factor contributing to... is...- The reason for this phenomenon can be explained by...4.分析结果句:- The results imply that...- It is evident from the data that...- The findings provide insight into...5.提出观点句:- It is worth noting that...- It can be argued that...6.强调句:- Importantly,...- Of particular significance is...- An important aspect to consider is...7.限定句:- However,...- Nevertheless,...- On the other hand,...8.总结句:- In conclusion, it is clear that...- To sum up,...- Therefore, it can be inferred that...9.建议句:- One possible solution to address this issue is... - It is advisable to...10.进一步研究句:- Future research should focus on...- There is a need for further investigation into...- It would be interesting to explore...注意,在写作过程中,应根据具体情况选择合适的句式,并结合适当的过渡词来使论文内容具有连贯性和逻辑性。
史上最全SCI写作句型模板1 ——Introduction引言部分应该为读者提供一个关于你的主题的简要概述和进行研究的原因.关于单词数量,引言通常占论文的10-15%。
通常建议在完成论文的其他部分后撰写论文的引言部分。
这是因为在你看到完整的文章之前,很难弄清楚在论文的引言部分到底要写些什么。
你应该对你所选择的主题领域非常有信心,并通过适当的参考文献来支持你的论点。
研究论文的引言部分可能包括以下 7 大类内容,附上常用的写作模板:1。
General introduction:· Research on __ has a long tradition· For decades, one of the most popular ideas in __ literature is the idea that __· Recent theoretical developments have revealed that __· A common strategy used to study __ is to __· This research constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged from __· These approaches have been influential in the field because of __· In the past several decades, __ have played an important role in __· There are growing appeals for __· This is the field of study that deals with __· Most of the theories of __ are however focused on explaining __· There are three major theoretical and conceptual frameworks for __· The field has gradually broadened as __· This field of study is sometimes referred as __· This has been widely adopted in the field of __· This thesis considers the field of __ as the main subject of its study· One of the major topics to be investigated in this field is __· This is now a mature field which is now being spun out into commercial applications __· This field is maturing, with a wealth of well-understood methods and algorithms __· This field closely follows the paradigm of __· The field has met with great success in many problems __· The field only really took off in the late __ as it became more accessible to __· This is not particularly new and has been used for many years in the field of __· This field closely follows the paradigm of __· Widely considered to be a good way to __· This has been widely adopted in the field of __· This is more widely used at the time of __· This phenomenon has been widely observed· A common technique is to __· This is a technique common in __· There are several common kinds of __2. Problem definition:· This seems to be a common problem in __· This leads to myriad problems in __· The main problem is that __· There is a further problem with __· One primary problem with __ is that __· The methods are not without their problems as will be discussed in __· The foremost problems are the facts that __· This makes up for the problem of __· This seems to be a common problem in __· This is a complex problem and to simplify it requires __· A challenging problem which arises in this domain is __· These problems are difficult to handle __· This is typically a complex problem __· A well—known problem with __ is that it does not take into account the __· One of the problems is that it considers only the __· The key problem with this technique is __· It is usually an ill—posed problem in the case of __· This problem is well—posed and does not require to impose __· This appears as a more straightforward problem compared to the __· This turns out to be even more problematic because __· The problem with such an implementation is that __· This poses some problems when carrying out the __· This problem has attracted more attention in the field of __· This is a basic chicken—and—egg problem because __· Unfortunately, this approach results in problems related to __· These constraints make the problem difficult to __· Most of the research in this field is aimed at solving this problem。
Abstract一、在摘要中直接提出论文主题的句型和句式1、In this paper,we present a… approach to…本文提出了一种针对…的…方法。
2、In this paper,we describe improved… models for…本文介绍几种针对…的改进的…模型。
3、We propose a new… model and…algorithm that enables us to…我们提出一种新的…模型和…算法,它让我们能够…4、We present a…model that enables…我们提出了一种…模型,它使我们能够…5、This paper demonstrates the ability of …to perform robust and accurate…本文证明了…进行…可靠准确的…的能力。
6、In this paper we report results of a…approach to…本文报导了…的…方法的实验结果。
7、This paper demonstrates that…can effectively…with very high accuracy.本文证明,…能够有效地准确地…8、The purpose/goal/intention/objective/object/emphasis/aim of this paper is…本文的目的是…9、The primary/chief/overall/main object of this study is to survey…本研究的首要目标是考察…10、The chief aim of this paper/research/study/experiment/the present work is…本文的主要目标是…11 、The emphasis of this study lies in …我们的研究重点是…12、The work presented in this paper focuses on…本文所述工作重点放在…13、Our goal has been to provide…我们的目标是提供…14、The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of …我们的研究目标是获取有关…的知识。
1、Tightrope act: autophagy in stem cell renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and aging摘要:(1)Autophagy is a constitutive lysosomal catabolic pathway that degrades damaged organelles and protein aggregates.(2)Stem cells are characterized by self-renewal, pluripotency, and quiescence; their long life span, limited capacity to dilute cellular waste and spent organelles due to quiescence, along with their requirement for remodeling in order to differentiate, all suggest that they require autophagy more than other cell types.(3)Here, we review the current literature on the role of autophagy in embryonic and adult stem cells, including hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and neuronal stem cells, highlighting the diverse and contrasting roles autophagy plays in their biology.(4)Novel techniques to detect autophagy in primary cells are required to study autophagy in different stem cell types.(5)These will help to elucidate the importance of autophagy in stem cells during transplantation, a promising therapeutic approach for many diseases.前言:(1)It is negatively regulated by serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is a key process for cellular growth and metabolism, with its end products generating macromolecules to maintain cellular homeostasis.(2)The process starts with the formation of double-membraned autophagosomes, which sequester cargo and fuse with acidic lysosomes to form autolysosomes, wherein the cargo is degraded by acid hydrolases to release the end products.(3)There are over 30 autophagy-related (Atg) genes identified so far and these genes are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Atg8 and Atg12 encode two ubiquitin-like proteins;Atg12 is conjugated to Atg5 by Atg7 and Atg10, E1 and E2-like proteins, respectively, while Atg7 and Atg3 act to conjugate Atg8/LC3-I to phosphatidylethanolamine (LC3-IPE/LC3-II).(4)On induction of autophagy, the conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II is indicative of autophagosome formation, thus is widely used as a marker for autophagosome formation. (5)This pathway depends heavily on lysosomal activity and any defect in lysosomal degradation of autophagosomes can lead to their accumulation, impairing cell function and possibly leading to cell death by caspase activation.(6)As such, lysosomal inhibitors impair autophagic degradation;examples of these along with other pharmacological and genetic modulators are presented in Table 1.(7)Originally viewed as a non-selective, bulk process,it is now known that specific proteins and organelles are selected and degraded by autophagy (selective autophagy) via LC3-interacting adaptors such as p62 and NBR1 and autophagy receptors like Nix.(8)Moreover, as an intracellular recycling pathway autophagy plays a crucial role in the active elimination of unnecessary proteins and organelles, such as those that accumulate during the dynamic programme of stem cell renewal, proliferation and differentiation. (9)It not only provides bioenergetics support for these events but also takes care of apoptotic bodies generated during the process.(10)Stem cells are non-specialized cells capable of differentiating into many different types of mature cells while maintaining the stem cell population through self-replication.(11)Stem cells are long-lived and undergo lengthy periods of quiescence.(12)We hypothesize that these unique properties of stem cells, namely (1) pluripotency and differentiation, (2) self-renewal, and (3) quiescence require autophagy.(13)Autophagy,as a highly inducible catabolic process,plays a pivotal role in the attainment of precise morphology and function by controlling protein turnover via mTOR regulation.(14)A fast and efficient removal of sets of transcription factors, enzymes, adhesion molecules, or released factors can be efficiently accomplished by autophagy, this being a great advantage for both differentiation and renewal.(15)For example, mitophagy is essential to preserve the ‘stemness’ or pluripotency of embryonic stem cells within in vitro long-term cultures by resisting genetic and/or mitochondrial damage.(16)Depending on their location in the body and the type of cells they produce, stem cells can be classified as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs).(17)Finally we will address how it can be modulated for stem cell-based gene therapy and other stem cell targeting approaches.(18)Stem cells are a very rare population within tissues, making them difficult to identify and therefore difficult to study.(19)Being small populations with a combination of multiple markers required to define them, stem cells call for more modern techniques in order to study their autophagy levels. (20)。