2015北航考博英语真题

2015北京航空航天大学系统工程考博（可靠性与系统工程学院）参考书、历年真题、报录比、研究生招生专业目录、复试分数线一、学院介绍1985年，我国国防科技界、教育界的著名专家，我国可靠性系统工程事业的奠基人和开拓者杨为民教授顺应国家战略重大需求，组建了北航工程系统工程系和可靠性工程研究所。

历经20余年发展沉淀，学院形成了“献身国防，无私奉献的崇高境界；高屋建瓴，开拓创新的学术风范；淡泊名利，廉洁自律的高尚情怀；以人为本，集体发展的团队精神”的为民精神，秉承“开拓创新、敢为人先，需求牵引、专业推动，学科龙头、科教统筹，团队优势、集体发展”的工作理念，走过了一条“面向工程服务、开辟科研领域、创建培养体系”的特色创新之路，已成为国内可靠性工程专业技术领域的领军单位。

目前，研究所挂靠有多个以管理咨询和技术服务为职能的国家级中心和专家组，建成有可靠性领域唯一的国防科技重点实验室，以及多个国内实验设备与综合试验研究能力一流的部委级重点实验室和评价机构。

这些高水平的技术与管理平台为院、所的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础与保证。

在科研领域，院、所现拥有专业齐全的研究方向、结构合理的教学科研队伍和配套先进的试验设备。

多年来，紧密围绕国防科技工业发展对可靠性工程的专业需求，开展管理支持、人才培养、科学研究和工程服务。

“九五”以来，先后承担完成了500余项科研项目，获得了包括国家科技进步特等奖在内的各类科技成果奖100余项，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。

在人才培养领域，可靠性与系统工程学院开创了国内高校第一个“质量与可靠性工程”专业，建立了从本科到硕士（工程硕士）、博士、博士后在内完整的人才培养体系，将理论研究、工程应用与人才培养紧密结合，培养了大批可靠性与系统工程专业人才。

同时，为上级单位举办了500多期各类可靠性系统工程培训班，培训人数达15000余人次，普及推广了可靠性专业知识，有力地推动了国防科技工业生产中可靠性工程的开展。

北京航空航天大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析Education is an absolute imperative in the emerging globalknowledge society,so new ways of providing access to education fora much higher percentage of the population are now being devised.The most dramatic examples of access to education are found inthe11distance-education mega-universities found around the world.In"distance education,"the student is separated in time or spacefrom the teacher or professor.The largest of these high enrollmentuniversities is in China,the China Central Radio and TelevisionUniversity,with more than3million students.The English-speakingworld has the British Open University,with215,000students,and theUniversity of South Africa,with120,000students.In addition to themega-universities,dozens of other national and regional systems areproviding education at all levels to students.The base delivery system for the distance-education Geng duo yuanxiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quanguo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi mega-universities istelevision,supplemented by other technologies or even some onsiteinstruction in more-developed countries.Some distance-educationsystems use two-way interactive video connections to particularlocations where students gather;others supplement with the Internet,and still others deliver only by Internet.Withvideo-and-audio-streaming now available,the Internet appears to bethe technology of choice for systems where students have access to computers.Of course,these technologies merely add to the radio--delivered courses that have been offered for years in many countries around the world.The programs and courses offered vary from basic literacy courses to the highest graduate-level programming.Hundreds of university degrees are now available through distance education,where90%or more of the required credits are given at a distance,as are dozens of master's degrees and a small number of accredited doctoral degrees. One estimate suggests that50,000university-level courses are now available through distance-education delivery systems.There will be two main types of educational institutions:those that add value in coursework and those that are certifying agencies. The certifying colleges and universities are those that act as educational bankers for students.Students will earn credits from many places and have the credits or certifications of completion sent to the certifying university,then that certifying university will award the degree when enough credits of the right type have been accumulated.Regent's College of the University of the State of New York and Thomas Edison College of New Jersey are public certifying institutions that give accredited degrees.One vision for some of the remaining residential colleges in the United States,now serving mainly the18-to-23-year-old population, is that many will become certifying colleges.Students will come tothe colleges for their social,artistic,athletic,and spiritual programs.The basic commodity these colleges will sell is membership in the college community.Students will access their courses from colleges and universities around the world,transfer the credits to the college,then gain a degree.Faculty members will serve as tutors and advisers and may provide some courses live.(479words)51.What is the passage mainly about?[A]The emerging global knowledge society[B]Distance-education mega-universities[C]The largest of these high enrollment universities[D]Two main types of educational institutions52.It may be inferred that the Internet could be the technology of choice in_______.[A]the China Central Radio and TelevisionUniversity[B]the University of South Africa[C]the British Open University[D]the English-speaking world53.We learn from the passage that the distance-education programs may offer all the following EXCEPT______.[A]virtually all the basic literacy courses and the highest graduate-level programming[B]nearly90%of the required credits[C]courses for master's degrees and accredited doctoral degrees[D]50,000university-level courses54.The residential colleges in the United States______.[A]serve only the18-to-23-year-old population[B]provide students with social,artistic,athletic,and spiritual programs[C]provide courses from colleges and universities around the world[D]may provide a lot of faculty members to conduct courses lively55.Judging from the context we know that a mega-universityis_______.[A]the largest of these high enrollment universities[B]the China Central Radio and TelevisionUniversity[C]the British Open University[D]a university with very large number of studentsText1151. B.远程教育的百万人大学。

2015北航外国语学院英语语言文学考博分析一、招考介绍2014050201英语语言文学012外国语学院01英美文学彭予1004，2121，3122Tel:82316892Email:pengyu9751@ 02英汉对比语言学王义娜1004，2121，3121Tel:82338969Email:eenawang@03认知语法学04理论语言学林允清1004，2121，3121Tel:82339239Email:ylin@05语言哲学综合英语能力、综合汉语能力、语言学二、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。

不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。

但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。

总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。

北京航天航空大学考博英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThere are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists. “And these “generalists”are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist —and especially the administrator —deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly. Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you —but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.1．There is an increasing demand for______.A．all round people in their own fieldsB．people whose job is to organize other people’s workC．generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional D．specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others正确答案：B解析：第一段第三、四句指出，对“一眼即能看到很大范围，可能对任一领域都知之不多；能够看到森林而不是树木，能够做出总体判断”的人的需求在日益增加。

2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：98.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.I hope you don think Im______but Ive had the electric fire on for most of the day.（分数：2.00）A.exquisiteB.extravagant √C.exoticD.eccentric解析：解析：句意：我几乎一整天都开着电热炉，希望你不会觉得我很浪费。

本题考查形容词辨析。

extravagant奢侈的，浪费的。

由句意可知，B项正确。

exquisite精致的，优美的，高雅的。

exotic异国的，外来的。

eccentric古怪的，反常的。

2.Beenes new novel proves he isn just a______in the pan.（分数：2.00）A.flareB.glitterC.sparkD.flash √解析：解析：句意：比尼的新小说证明他并不是昙花一现。

本题考查固定俗语。

a flash in the pan昙花一现(开始的时候表现很出色，但很快就默默无闻)。

因此本题应选D项。

3.The newly-built Science Building seems______enough to last a hundred years.（分数：2.00）A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantial √D.steady解析：解析：句意：那栋新建的科学楼看起来很牢固，好像可以屹立一百年不倒。

本题考查形容词辨析。

substantial 牢固的，坚实的。

因此C项正确。

spacious广阔的，宽敞的。

sophisticated复杂的；世故的。

steady稳定的，不变的。

4.There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to______a difference.（分数：2.00）A.displayB.indicate √C.demonstrateD.appear解析：解析：句意：在物理结构、大脑或内部器官上并没有显现出任何差异。

中国考博辅导首选学校2015育明考博北京航空航天大学考博英语真题完形填空复习方法分析词汇的复习永远是重点词汇的复习其实分为三个层次：理解，辨析和运用。

理解主要是在阅读中考察，辨析主要是在完型中考察，而词汇的运用其实主要是在写作当中考察。

一般说来，需要理解的词汇难度最大，但是复习的时候往往只要知道意思就可以了，需要运用的词汇难度最小，但是却要详细的知道该如何使用这一词汇。

完形的词汇，从统计的概率上看，实词当中以四级词汇为主，四级及中学阶段需要掌握的词汇占到了历年实词考察当中的85%。

所以词汇的复习在完形和阅读部分应当是有所区别的。

育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，大家在复习完形的词汇的时候，可以找一本四级的词汇书，这样基本上就可以满足大部分的完形词汇了。

但是请注意，这本四级词汇书一定是要具有以下几种功能的：第一是有辨析功能，因为完形考的最多的就是这个；二是有固定搭配；三是有例句。

这里也顺便说一句，在复习其它词汇的时候，最好能找一本标记了四级、六级词汇的考博词汇书。

阅读绝度不能放松完形的解题是以阅读为基础的。

如果一篇文章读不懂那肯定是解不出来的。

阅读的复习分为三个层面。

首先是对文章整体意义和主题的把握。

因为有一些题目的选项就是与主题关系最为密切的选项，所以把握主题之后选择起来会比较容易。

其次是对句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间逻辑关系的把握。

最后是对句子内部结构的把握。

这种复习在初期用大阅读的文章来进行也可以，因为大阅读复习也必须要注意这几点。

育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，在阅读的时候不仅要注意以上三点，并且要对一些关键词汇敏感，比如重复出现的名词、动词；表示逻辑关系的词汇;否定词等等。

在阅读的过程中养成顺手将这一类词划出来的习惯，因为这一类词对于解题具有相当大的帮助。

最后要说的是，完形阅读对于细节把握的要求是要高于大阅读的，所以在真正做阅读训练大家务必只针对文章去读，而不是针对题目去读文章。

育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may______ 25 per cent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to weeks interest-free-credit.A．come upB．account forC．add upD．work out正确答案：B解析：各项含义是：come up上升；account for占；add up合计；work out 制定。

由题意可知，所有信用卡组织定期征收利息，每年为25%，故选B。

知识模块：词汇2．As far as she is concerned, one piece of music is very much like______.A．anotherB．the otherC．otherD．any other正确答案：A解析：“as far as she is concerned”意思是“就她而言，依她的看法来讲”。

知识模块：词汇3．Many people in Wales have an affinity with music.A．reputation forB．solubility inC．tincture inD．attraction to正确答案：D解析：本题中，affinity的意思是“密切关系，吸引力，姻亲关系，亲和力”，affinity with的意思是“对……有吸引力”。

北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析“I want to criticize the social system,and to show it at work,at its most intense.”Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement abouther intentions in writing Mrs.Dalloway has regularly been ignoredby the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literaryinterests very different from the traditional picture of the Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi“poetic”novelistconcerned with examining states of reverie and vision and withfollowing the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.ButVirginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist,a satiristand social critic as well as a visionary:literary critics’cavalierdismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny.In her novels,Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of howindividuals are shaped(or deformed)by their social environments,how historical forces impinge on people’s lives,how class,wealth,and gender help to determine people’s fates.Most of her novels arerooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precisehistorical time.Woolf’s focus on society has not been generally recognizedbecause of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art.The picturesof reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical.Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes,sheportrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of amessage or program as arrogant or dishonest,unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs.(Her Writer’s Diary notes:“the only honest people are the artists,”whereas “these social reformers and philanthropists…harbor…discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kind…”) Woolf detested what she called“preaching”in fiction,too,and criticized novelist wrence(among others)for working by this method.Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary,since for her,fiction is a contemplative,not an active art.She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues; it is the reader’s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them.As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection,subtly undermining officially accepted mores,mocking,suggesting,calling into question,rather than asserting,advocating,bearing witness:hers is the satirist’s art.Woolf’s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer.As she put it in The Common Reader,“It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote;and yet,as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”Like Chaucer,Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge,to know her society root and branch —a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic.1.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia Woolf.[B]Virginia Woolf:Critic and Commentator on theTwentieth-Century Novel.[C]Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to Understanding Virginia Woolf’s Novels.[D]Virginia Woolf’s Novels:Critical Reflections on the Individual and on Society.2.In the first paragraph of the text,the author’s attitude toward the literary critics mentioned can best be described as[A]disparaging.[B]ironic.[C]facetious.[D]skeptical but resigned.3.It can be inferred from the text that Woolf chose Chaucer asa literary example because she believed that[A]Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as well as on individual characters.[B]Chaucer was an honest and forthright author,whereas novelists like wrence did not sincerely wish to change society.[C]Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his societythan with calling its accepted mores into question.[D]Chaucer’s writing was greatly,if subtly,effective in influencing the moral attitudes of his readers.4.It can be inferred from the text that the most probable reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels was that she[A]was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic of literary genres.[B]was interested in the effect of a person’s social milieu on his or her character and actions.[C]needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the arguments she advanced in them.[D]wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of reality did not in any way hamper the artist.5.Which of the following phrases best expresses the sense of the word“contemplative”as it is used in line2,paragraph4of the text?[A]Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying accepted mores.[B]Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional commitment.[C]Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the author’s perspective to the exclusion of the reader’s judgment.[D]Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather thanfocusing on an isolated individual consciousness.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。

2015年北航考博英语翻译及语法备考被动语态在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍使用，但大多数句子都使用主动语态，在英语中极为重要。

考博中常常涉及到这个问题。

一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。

主动和被动语态的对比：主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 ①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s) am\is\are+done(V. p.p)一般将来时 will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V.) will+be+done(V. p.p)一般过去时 ①was\were②did(V.-ed) was\were+done(V. p.p)现在进行时 am\is\are+doing(V.-ing) am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)过去进行时 was\were+doing(V.-ing) was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)现在完成时 have\has+done(V. p.p.) have\has+been+done(V. p.p)过去完成时 had+done(V. p.p.) had+been+done(V. p.p.)情态动词 情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+done(V. p.p.)过去将来时 would/should +V. would/should be + done(V. p.p.)翻译时有以下几种翻译方法：（育明考博辅导课程咨询方式TEL:四零零 六六八 六九七八;扣扣：五四七零六三八六二）①译成汉语被动句：使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。

②增加主语，即动作的实际发出者，或虚拟发出者。

③译成汉语无主句另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法，需要平时积累，比如：It is hoped that... 希望……，有人希望……It is assumed that... 假设……，假定……It is claimed that... 据说……，有人主张……It is believed that... 有人想信……，大家相信……It is reported that... 据报道……，据通报……It is considered that... 人们认为……，据估计……It is said that... 据说……，有人说……【真题例句】It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.【解析】It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.主句：it is imagined，其中it为形式主语，而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句，为真正的主语。

北京航空航天大学考博英语真题及解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionTest One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Sixty days walking over ice and snow in temperature as low as -45℃, with nothing to keep you company except the occasional polar "bear". This is no small achievement. Only a few people have ever walked to the North Pole unassisted, and if Christina Franco succeeds, she will have earned a place in the history books and met one of the few remaining challenges of exploration left to women.Her 480-mile journey will begin in northern Canada, dragging a sledge that weighs as much as she does. At the end of each day's walking or skiing, she will pitch her tent in subzero temperatures, get into a sleeping bag filled with ice, and attempt to sleep to the unsettling background sounds of howling wind and cracking ice, which may or may not signal the approach of one of those polar bears. "I'll carry a pistol to scare any bears away," says Franco, 42. "The bears that far north won't have had contact with humans, fortunately, so they won't associate me with food, but they will be curious and that's dangerous. If it uses a paw to see what you are, it could damage your tent—or your arm. I imagine I'll have quite a few sleepless nights."Many of the early polar explorers suffered from disease and injuries, and while modem technology (lightweight materials, satellite phones, places on stand-by to carry out rescue missions) has lessened the dangers, it can never make such an inhospitable landscape anything approaching safe. It can take just five minutes for any uncovered skin to become frostbittenand, once the sun has risen, Franco will only be able to remove her sunglasses inside her tent, otherwise the intensity of the sunlight reflecting off the snow would cause snow blindness. Just to heighten the danger, the cold will slow down her brain functions, so it will be more difficult to make split-second decisions in the event of a sudden crisis.She will use about 8,000 calories a day, losing nearly half a kilogram every 24 hours. "The problem is that the human body can only take on about 5,500 calories a day," she says. "So you have to fatten up before you set off or you'll run out of energy." Franco is currently trying to put on 19 kilos. She may complain about not fitting into any of her dresses, but when Franco weighs herself in front of me and finds she's lost one kilo rather than gained two, as she'd expected, she's very upset. "I hope my scales are wrong because, if not, I've lost weight," she says, reaching for one of many bars of chocolate lying around her kitchen.1. What does the writer say about the history of exploration? ______（分数：7.50）A.Walking to the North Pole used to be considered easier than other journeys.B.No woman has ever completed the journey to the geographic North Pole.C.Female explorers have already done most of the world's difficult journeys. √D.Franco is already an important historical figure for her previous journeys.解析：根据第一段中的“Only a few people have ever walked to the North Pole unassisted, and if Christina Franco succeeds, she will have earned a place in the history books and met one of the few remaining challenges of exploration left to women.”可知，只有少数人曾独自走到北极，如果克里斯蒂娜·佛朗哥成功了，她将在史书中占有一席之地，完成为女性留下的尚未完成的为数不多的探险挑战之一。