普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语

Unit 1cultural/'k?lt??r?l/adj.文化的；文明的relic/'relik/n.遗物；遗迹；纪念物rare/r??/adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的valuable/'v?lju?bl/adj.贵重的；有价值的survive/s?'vaiv/vi.幸免；幸存；生还vase/vɑ:z/n.花瓶；瓶dynasty/'din?sti/n.王朝；朝代TajMahal泰姬陵ivory/'aiv?ri/n.象牙dragon/'dr?g?n/n.龙amber/'?mb?/n.琥珀；琥珀色in search of寻找Frederick William I腓特列.威廉一世Prussia/'pr???/n.普鲁士amaze/?'meiz/vt.使吃惊；惊讶amazing/?'meizi?/adj.令人吃惊的select/si'lekt/vt.挑选；选择honey/'h?ni/n.蜜；蜂蜜design/di'zain/n.设计；图案；构思vt.设计；方案；构思fancy/'f?nsi/adj.奇特的；异样的vt.想象；设想；爱好style/stail/n.风格；风度；类型decorate/'dek?reit/v.装饰；装修jewel/'d?u:?l/n.珠宝；宝石artist/'ɑ:tist/n.艺术家belong/bi'l??/vi.属于；为...的一员belong to属于Peter the Great彼得大帝in return作为报答；回报Czar/zɑ:/n.沙皇troop/tru:p/n.群；组；军队St Petersberg圣彼得堡reception/ri'sep??n/adj.接待；招待会；接收Catherine II叶卡捷琳娜二世at war处于交战状态removeless than少于wooden/'wudn/adj.木制的doubt/daut/n.疑心；疑虑vt.疑心；不信Konigsberg/'keinigzb?:g/n.哥尼斯堡mystery/'mist?ri/n.神秘,神秘的事物former/'f?:m?/adj.以前的；从前的worth/w?:θ/prep.值得的；相当于...的价值n.价值；作用adj.值钱的rebuild/'ri:'bild/vt.重建local/'l?uk?l/adj.本地的；当地的apart/?'pɑ:t/adv.别离地；分别地take apart拆开Leninggrad列宁格勒painting/'peinti?/n.绘画；画castle/'kɑ:sl/n.城堡Windsor Castle温莎城堡trial/'trai?l/n.审判；审讯；试验eyewitness/'ai'witnis/n.目击者；证人evidence/'evid?ns/n.根据；证据Jan Hasek简.哈兹克Czech Republicn.捷克XX国explode/iks'pl?ud/vi.爆炸entrance/'entr?ns/n.入口Hans Braun汉斯.布朗sailor/'seil?/n.水手；海员；船员sink/si?k/vi.下沉；沉下Anna Petrov安娜.帕特罗夫maid/meid/n.少女；女仆Berlinn.柏林think highly of看重;器重Johann Weber约翰.韦伯informal/in'f?:m?l/adj.非正式的debate/di'beit/n.争论；辩论vi.争论；辩论Unit 2ancient/'ein??nt/adj.古代的,古老的compete/k?m'pi:t/vi.比赛,竞争competitor/k?m'petit?/n.竞争者take part in参加，参与medal/'medl/n.奖章；勋章；纪念章stand for代表；象征；表示mascot/'m?sk?t/n.桔祥物Pausanias/p?:'seini?s,-nj?s/帕萨尼亚斯Greece/gri:s/n.希腊Greek/gri:k/adj.希腊的；希腊语的n.希腊人；希腊语magical/'m?d?ik?l/adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的volunteer/'v?l?n'ti?/n.志愿者；志愿兵adj.志愿的；义务的vt.vi.自愿homeland/'h?uml?nd/n.祖国；本国regular/'regjul?/adj.规那么的；定期的；常规的basis/'beisis/n.根底；根据athlete/'?θli/:tn.运发动；运动选手admit/?d'mit/vi.vt.容许；成认；接纳slave/sleiv/n.奴隶nowadays/'nau?deiz/adv.现今；现在gymnastics/d?im'n?stiks/n.体操；体能训练athletics/?θ'letiks/n.体育运动；竞技stadium/'steidj?m/n.(露天大型)体育场gymnasium/d?im'neizj?m/n.体育馆；健身房(=gym)as well也;又;还host/h?ust/vt.做东；主办；招待n.主人responsibility/ris'p?ns?'biliti/n.责任；职责olive/'?liv/n.橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色wreath/ri:/θn.花圈;花冠；圈状物replace/ri'pleis/vt.取代；替换；代替motto/'m?t?u/n.座右铭；格言；警句similarity/'simi'l?riti/n.相像性；相似点Athens/'?θin/zn.雅典charge/t?ɑ:d?/vt.vi. 收费；控诉n.费用；主管in charge主管；看管physical/'fizik?l/adj.物理的；身体的fine/fain/vt.罚款poster/'p?ust?/n.海报；招贴advertise/'?dv?taiz/vt.vi.做广告；登广告Atlantapladj.亚特兰大princess/prin'ses/n.公主glory/'gl?:ri/n.荣耀；荣誉bargain/'bɑ:gin/vi.讨价还价；讲条件n.廉价货prince/'prins/n.王子hopeless/'h?uplis/adj.没有希望的；绝望的Hippomenes希波墨涅斯foolish/'fu:li?/adj.愚蠢的goddess/'g?dis/n.女神pain/pein/n.疼痛；痛苦one after another一个接一个地，陆续地deserve/di'z?:v/vi.vt.应受；值得striker/'straik?/n.敲击者；前锋Unit 3abacus/'?b?k?s/n．算盘calculator/'k?lkjuleit?/n.计算器PCn.个人电脑；个人计算机laptop/'l?pt?p/n.手提电脑PDA掌上电脑；个人数码助理analytical/?n ?'litikl/adj.分析的calculate/'k?lkjuleit/vt.计算universal/'ju:ni'v?:s?l/adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的simplify/'simplifai/vt.简化sum/s?m/n.总数；算术题；金额Charles Babbage查尔斯.巴比奇operator/'?p?reit?/n.操作员；接线员logical/'l?d?ik?l/adj.合逻辑的；合情理的logicallyadv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地technology/tek'n?l?d?i/n.工艺;科技;技术technological/'tekn?'l?d?ik?l/adj.科技的revolution/'rev?'lu:??n/n.革命artificial/'ɑ:ti'fi??l/adj.人造的；假的intelligence/in'telid??ns/n.智力；聪明；智能intelligent/in'telid??nt/adj.智能的；聪明的Alan Turing艾伦.图灵solve/'s?lv/vt.解决；解答mathematical/'m?θi'm?tik?l/adj.数学的from...on从...时起reality/ri'?liti/n.真实；事实；现实designer/di'zain?/n.设计师personal/'p?:s?nl/adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的personally/'p?:s?n?uli/adv.就个人而言；亲自tube/tju:b/n.管；管子；电子管transistor/tr?n'sist?/n.晶体管chip/t?ip/n.碎片；芯片as a result结果total/'t?utl/adj.总的；整个的n.总数，合计totally/'t?ut?li/ad.完全地；整个地so...that...如此...以致于...network/'netw?:k/n.网络；网状物web/web/n.网application/'?pli'kei??n/n.应用；用途；申请finance/fai'n?ns, fi-/n.金融；财经mobile/'m?ubail/adj.可移动的；机动的rocket/'r?kit/n.火箭explore/iks'pl?:/vt.vi.探索；探测；探究Mars/mɑ:z/n.火星anyhow/'enihau/adv.无论如何；即使如此goal/g?ul/n.目标；目的；球门；得分happiness/'h?pinis/n.幸福；快乐human race人类supportingadj.支持的；支撑的downloadvt.下载programmer/'prougr?m?/n.程序员；程序师virus/'vai?r?s/n.病毒androidn.机器人signal/'sign?l/vi.vt.发信号n.信号teammate/'ti:mmeit/n.同伴；伙伴Nagoya/nɑ:'goujɑ:/名古屋Seattle/si'?tl/西雅图type/taip/n.类型vt.vi. 打字in a way在某种程度上coach/k?ut?/n.教练arise/?'raiz/vi.出现；发生with the help of在...的帮助下electronic/ilek'tr?nik/adj.电子的appearance/?'pi?r?ns/n.外观；外貌；出现character/'k?rikt?/n.性格；特点mop/m?p/n.拖把vt.用拖把拖；擦deal with处理；安排；对付watch over看守；监视naughty/'n?:ti/adj.顽皮的；淘气的niece/ni:s/n.侄女；甥女spoil/sp?il/vt.损坏；宠坏Unit 4wildlife/'waildlaif/n.野生动植物protection/pr?'tek??n/n.保护wild/waild/adj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的habitat/'h?bit?t/n.栖息地；自然环境threaten/'θre/tnvt.vi.恫吓；威胁decrease/di'kri:s, 'di:kri:s/vi.vt.减少；变小；或变少endanger/in'deind??/vt.危及die out灭亡；逐渐消失loss/l?s/n.损失；遗失；丧失reserve/ri'z?:v/n.保护区hunt/h? nt/vi.vt.打猎；猎取；搜寻zone/z?un/n.地域；地带；地区in peace和平地；和睦地；安祥地in danger (of)在危险中，垂危Daisy/'deizi/戴茜species/'spi:?i:z/n.物种；种类carpet/'kɑ:pit/n.地毯respond/ris'p?nd/vi.答复；响应；做出反响distant/'dist?nt/adj.远的；远处的fur/f?:/n.毛皮；毛；软毛antelope/'?ntil?up/n.羚羊Zimbabwe/zim'bɑ:bwi, -bwei/津巴布韦relief/ri'li:f/n.减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物in relief如释重负；松了口气laughter/lɑ:ft?/n.笑；笑声burst into laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来mercy/'m?:si/n.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯certain/'s?:t?n/adj.确定的；某一；一定importance/im'p?:t?ns/n.重要性WWF世界野生生物基金会rub/r?b/vt.摩擦,擦protect...from保护...不受...(危害)mosquito/m?s'ki:t?u/n.蚊子millipede/'milipi:d/n.千足虫insect/'insekt/n.昆虫contain/k?n'tein/vt.包含；容纳；容忍powerful/'pau?ful/adj.强大的；有力的affect/?'fekt/vt.影响；感动；侵袭attention/?'ten??n/n.注意；关注；注意力pay attention to注意appreciate/?'pri:?ieit/vt.鉴赏；感谢；意识到succeed/s?k'si:d/vi.成功vt.接替；继任Indonesia/'ind?u'ni:zj?/n.印度尼西亚rhino/'rainou/n.犀牛secure/si'kju?/adj.平安的；可靠的income/'ink?m/n.收入employ/im'pl?i/vt.雇用；利用harm/hɑ:m/n.vt.损害；危害Milu deer麋鹿bite/bait/vt.咬,叮,螫extinction/iks'ti?k??n/n.灭绝；消亡dinosaur/'dain?s?:/n.恐龙come into beingv.形成,产生county/'kaunti/n.郡,县inspect/in'spekt/vt.检查；视察unexpected/'?niks'pektid/adj.没料到的；意外的incident/'insid?nt/n.事件；事变dust/d?st/n.灰尘；尘土；尘埃according to按照；根据...所说Mauritius/m?:'ri?i?s/n.毛里求斯disappearance/'dis?'pi?r?ns/n.消失fierce/fi?s/adj.凶猛的；猛烈的so that以致于；结果ending/'endi?/n.结局；结尾faithfully/'feiθ/fuliadv.忠诚地；忠实地Colobus monkey疣猴；髯猴Unit 5classical/'kl?sik?l/adj.古典的；古典文艺的roll/r?ul/vi.vt.滚动;〔使〕摇摆n.摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈rock'n'roll/'r?k?n'roul/摇滚乐orchestra/'?:kistr?/n.管弦乐队rap/r?p/n.说唱乐folk/f?ulk/adj.民间的jazz/d??z/n.爵士音乐choral/'k?:r?l/adj.唱诗班的；合唱队的the Monkees门基乐队musician/mju:'zi??n/n.音乐家dream of梦到；梦想；设想karaoke卡拉OK录音；自动伴奏录音pretend/pri'tend/vt.假装；假扮to be honest说实在地；实话说attach/?'t?t?/vt.vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接attach...to认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接form/f?:m/vt.(使)组成；形成；构成fame/feim/n.名声；声望passer-byn.过路人；行人earn/?:n/vt.赚；挣得；获得extra/'ekstr?/adj.额外的；外加的instrument/'instrum?nt/n.仪器,工具,乐器perform/p?'f?:m/vt.vi.表演；履行；执行performance/p?'f?:m?ns/n.表演；演奏pub/p? b/n.酒馆；酒吧cash/k??/n.现金in cash用现金；有现钱studio/'stju:di?u/n.工作室；演播室millionaire/'milj?'n??/n.百万富翁；富豪play jokes onv.戏弄actor/'?kt?/n.男演员；行动者rely/ri'lai/vi.依赖；依靠rely on依赖；依靠broadcasen.播送；播放vi.vt. 播送；播放humorous/'hju:m?r?s/adj.幽默的；诙谐的familiar/f?'milj?/adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的be/get familiar with熟悉；与...熟悉起来or so大约break up打碎；分裂；解体reunite/'ri:ju:'nait/vt.再统一；再联合；重聚attractive/?'tr?ktiv/adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的addition/?'di??n/n.加；增加；加法in addition另外；也sort out分类excitement/ik'saitm?nt/n.兴奋；刺激ballad/'b?l?d/n.歌谣；情歌；民谣overnight/'?uv?nait/adv.在晚上；在夜里；很快；一夜之间dip/dip/vt.浸；蘸tadpole/'t?dp?ul/n.蝌蚪lily/'lili/n.百合；百合花confident/'k?nfid ?nt/adj.自信的；确信的Freddy/'fredi/弗雷迪brief/bri:f/adj.简短的；简要的n.摘要；大纲brieflyadv.简要地；短暂地devotion/di'v?u??n/n.投入；热爱afterwards/'ɑ:ft?w?dz/adv.然后；后来invitation/'invi'tei??n/n.邀请；招待beard/bi?d/n.胡须sensitive/'sensitiv/adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的painful/'peinful/adj.痛苦的；疼痛的above all最重要；首先。

普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语介绍本文档是关于普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语的内容。

英语在普通高中阶段的教学中起着重要的作用，它不仅是一门语言，更是一种交流工具、一种思维方式以及一种文化的载体。

高中英语课程旨在培养学生的英语综合运用能力，包括听、说、读、写、译五个方面的能力，并且能够在实际交流中灵活运用英语。

课程目标普通高中英语课程的目标主要包括以下几个方面：1.培养学生的英语听、说、读、写、译的基本技能；2.培养学生的跨文化交际能力，使其能够在国际交流中灵活运用英语；3.培养学生的英语学习方法和策略，提高自主学习的能力；4.培养学生的英语学习兴趣，激发学生的英语学习动力；5.培养学生的综合语言运用能力，为其未来的学习和工作奠定基础。

教学内容普通高中英语课程的教学内容主要包括以下几个模块：•听力技能的培养：包括听懂日常生活中的简单对话和文章，听懂授课教师的讲解等；•听力材料的选择：选择具有一定难度和代表性的听力材料，包括录音、视频、电视节目、广播节目等；说•口语表达能力的培养：通过各种口语练习活动，提高学生的口头表达能力；•口语交际能力的培养：培养学生进行日常交际和社交场合中的口语表达能力；读•阅读理解能力的培养：通过阅读各种材料，培养学生的阅读理解能力；•阅读方法与技巧的培养：培养学生合理利用词典、参考书等阅读工具的能力；写•写作能力的培养：通过各种写作练习活动，培养学生的写作能力；•写作技巧和方法的培养：培养学生运用恰当的写作技巧和方法，写出准确、流畅、连贯的英文写作；•翻译能力的培养：通过各种翻译练习活动，培养学生的翻译能力；•翻译方法和技巧的培养：培养学生合理运用翻译方法和技巧的能力；教学策略为了提高学生的英语学习效果，普通高中英语教学应采用灵活多样的教学策略，包括以下几种：1.任务驱动教学法：通过设定各种任务，激发学生的学习兴趣和动力，提高学习效果；2.合作学习法：通过小组合作学习的方式，促进学生之间的相互学习和交流；3.情境教学法：通过创造真实的语言情境，提高学生的语言交际能力；4.多媒体教学法：利用多媒体技术，提供丰富的学习资源，提高学生的学习效果；5.自主学习法：培养学生自主学习的能力，激发学生的学习兴趣和动力；评价方式为了评价学生的英语学习成果，普通高中英语教学应采用综合评价方式，主要包括以下几个方面：1.听力测试：对学生听力理解能力的评估；2.口语测试：对学生口语表达能力和口语交际能力的评估；3.阅读测试：对学生阅读理解能力和阅读方法的评估；4.写作测试：对学生写作能力和写作方法的评估；5.翻译测试：对学生翻译能力和翻译方法的评估；6.学业水平测试：对学生英语综合运用能力的评估。

普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语1English is an important subject in the high school curriculum. It not only helps students to improve their language skills, but also broadens their horizons and enhances their communication abilities. The experimental teaching materials for English 1 in the high school curriculum standards are designed to meet the needs of students at this level and provide them with a solid foundation in English language learning.The content of the experimental teaching materials covers a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: daily life, school life, travel, culture, and social issues. Each topic is carefully selected to be relevant and interesting to high school students, and is presented in a way that is both engaging and educational. The materials include a variety of reading passages, listening exercises, speaking activities, and writing tasks, all of which are designed to help students develop their language skills in a comprehensive manner.In addition to the content, the teaching methods and strategies employed in the experimental teaching materials are also worth mentioning. The materials are designed to be student-centered, with an emphasis on interactive and communicative activities. This approach not only encourages students to actively participate in the learning process, but also helps them to develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, the materials are designed to be flexible and adaptable, allowing teachers to customize their lessons according to the specific needs and abilities of their students.One of the key features of the experimental teaching materials is the integration of technology. The materials are designed to be compatible with various digital platforms, allowing students to access the materials through computers, tablets, or smartphones. This not only makes the materials more accessible and convenient for students, but also provides them with opportunities to explore and utilize various digital resources for language learning.Overall, the experimental teaching materials for English 1 in the high school curriculum standards are comprehensive, engaging, and student-centered. They aredesigned to meet the needs of high school students and help them develop their language skills in a meaningful and effective way. With a focus on relevant content, interactive activities, and technological integration, these materials are an invaluable resource for both teachers and students in the high school English classroom.。

《普通高中课程标准实验教科书-英语》教学目标《普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语》(New Senior English For China）是根据教育部制定的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》编写的。

教科书从内容安排、编排体系到采用的教学方法和练习的设计等方面都努力体现《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》规定的课程性质和理念：使学生在义务教育阶段学习的基础上，进一步明确学习目标，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神；在加强对学生综合语言运用能力培养的同时，注重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高他们用英语进行思维和表达的能力；高中英语课程还应根据学生的个性特征和发展需求，为他们提供丰富的选择机会和充分的表现空间。

通过高中英语课程的学习，使学生的语言运用能力进一步得到提高，国际视野更加宽广，爱国主义精神和民族使命感进一步增强，为他们未来发展和终身学习奠定良好的基础。

指导思想一、在培养学生的语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养的基础上培养学生综合运用语言的能力。

二、优化学生的英语学习方法，使他们能通过观察、体验、探究等主动学习的方法，充分发挥自己的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高自主学习的能力。

三、关注学生的情感，提高他们的人文素养。

要使他们在英语学习的过程中，树立正确的人生观、世界观、价值观，培养他们高度的社会责任感，提高独立思考和判断的能力，培养创新精神和实践能力，发展与人沟通和与人合作的能力，增进跨文化理解和跨文化交际能力。

四、吸收当代先进的教学思想，从实际出发，采取综合的教学方法，兼收并蓄，集各家所长，运用功能、结构、话题、“任务型”活动等相结合的教学方法。

五、注重过程评价，促进学生发展。

对学生在学习过程中的表现，所取得的成绩以及所反映出的情感、态度、策略等方面的发展做出评价，以激发学生学习的积极性和自信心。

六、积极开发教学配套资源，使教材具有弹性，使教学具有灵活性、开放性和拓展性，使学生更好地发挥潜能，发展个性。

普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语1必修目录1.引言2.课程设置3.教学目标4.教学内容5.教学方法6.教学评价7.参考书目8.结论1. 引言普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语1必修是针对普通高中学生的英语课程。

本文档将详细介绍该教科书的课程设置、教学目标、教学内容、教学方法以及教学评价，并提供相关的参考书目。

2. 课程设置普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语1必修的课程设置如下：•第一单元：学校生活•第二单元：环境保护•第三单元：日常活动•第四单元：社会交往•第五单元：消费与财富•第六单元：科技创新•第七单元：历史与文化•第八单元：健康与生活方式3. 教学目标本教科书的教学目标如下：•培养学生的英语听、说、读、写的能力•培养学生习惯使用英语进行交流的能力•培养学生跨文化交流与合作的能力•培养学生阅读与理解英语文本的能力•培养学生独立学习和解决问题的能力4. 教学内容普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语1必修的教学内容包括以下方面：•词汇与语法的学习•听力与口语的训练•阅读与写作的练习•文化与社会知识的学习5. 教学方法为了达到教学目标，本教科书采用了多种教学方法，包括：•教师讲解与学生参与互动结合的教学方式•小组合作与讨论的教学模式•任务型教学以及项目式学习的形式•多媒体技术与网络资源的应用•个性化学习与自主学习相结合的教学方法6. 教学评价教学评价是对学生学习情况进行客观评估的重要环节。

本教科书的教学评价主要采用以下方式：•课堂学习表现的评价•作业与项目成果的评价•听说读写能力的评价•参与度与合作精神的评价•考试与测试的评价7. 参考书目以下是本教科书相关的参考书目：•《New Concept English》 by L.G. Alexander•《英语学习与教学原理》 by 钱学森•《英语教育理论与实践》 by 杨玉琴•《英语教学设计与实施》 by 竺可桢8. 结论通过本文档的介绍，普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语1必修具备了科学合理的课程设置，明确的教学目标，丰富多样的教学内容以及多种教学方法。

普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 1 Friendship-ReadingANNE'S BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepestfeelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, orwould not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the firstkind, so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family wasJewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She andher family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, "I don't want to setdown a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to bemy friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty." Now read how she felt after being in thehiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15, June, 1944I wonder if it’s because I haven’t’ been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve g crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept mespellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven oneevening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gavefar too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was o pen. I didn’t go downstairs until thewindow had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held meentirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night fface.…sadly…I am only able t o look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dustywindows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing thatreally must be experienced.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1Unit 1 Friendship-Reading TaskFRIENDSHIP IN HAWAIIEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii,friendship is part of the "aloha spirit". In the language of the Hawaiians who firstsettled the islands long ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That is "to be withhappiness".Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to lovetheir people or community. This is the second most important sign of friendship. Itis called lokahi in the Hawaiian language, which means "oneness with all people".To enjoy the land you should not be selfish. The land is for everyone who lives on it.Today many different peoples call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a placewhere people make one big community from many smaller communities. Eachperson gives kokua (help) to other people so that all feel stronger. It is believed thatthe islands can be a paradise when people live in peace. People are told that theiractions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problemshappen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when the people ofHawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all those who live onthe islands.Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. Thispersonal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lei, a string offlowers, is put over a friend's neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on the cheek.Visitors to the islands are also given leis. When they hear aloha, visitors begin tofeel at home. Aloha also means "goodbye", so visitors will hear it again when theyleave. It can also mean "our hearts singing together". Perhaps this is how mostvisitors will remember their new friendship.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 1 Friendship-Using Language普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-ReadingTHE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from Englandmade voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, Englishbegan to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English astheir first, second or a foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak thesame kind of English. Look at this example:British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?American Amy: Yes. I'd like to come up to your apartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change anddevelop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the Englishspoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from theEnglish spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak atpresent. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less likeGerman because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. Soby the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than everbefore. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th centurysome British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken inboth countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two bigchanges in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionaryand later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. Forexample, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britainruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language forgovernment and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia andcountries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learningEnglish in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest numberof English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time willtell.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-Reading TaskTHE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARYYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, manycenturies. The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of aproblem in the days before a dictionary. Then people could spell words in differentways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much moredifficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same.In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn't made until the timeof the late Qing Dynasty. Three men did most of the important early work ondictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spentnearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, itwasn't only a job; it was a wonderful journey of discovery. The largest dictionary inthe world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. The idea for thisdictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two yearslater, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.Murray had never been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his villageschool in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became agreat teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the gardenbehind his house to do his work. Part of it was one metre underground. In winter itfelt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hoursbefore breakfast. Often he would work by candle light into the evening. Murrayhoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was stilladding words for the letter A! Then others went to work with Murray, including histwo daughters. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. Forty-four yearslater, in 1928, other editors finished it. It included more than 15,000 words in twelvebooks. And you thought your English dictionary was big!普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-Using LanguageSTANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, Indiaand New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news wereexpected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will heardifferences in the way people speak.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in themountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. WhenAmericans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. Sopeople from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the samedialect as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in whichmany different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they stillrecognize and understand each other's dialects.When people use words and expressions different from the "standard language",it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially themidwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some partsof the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. AmericanEnglish has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 3 Travel journal-ReadingJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART1 THE DREAM AND THE PLANMy name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I havedreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensivemountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited ourcousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and grewup in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of theriver that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got theminterested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance totake a bike trip. I asked my sister, "Where are we going?" It was my sister who firsthad the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where itends. Now she is planning our schedule tor the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be reallystubborn. Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insistedthat she organize the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always herway. I kept asking her, "When are we leaving and when are we coming back?" Iasked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn't; my sisterdoesn't care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in QinghaiProvince. She gave me a determined look - the kind that said she would not changeher mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of morethan5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air wouldbe hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interestingexperience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing canchange it. Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found alarge atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlaswe could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. Atfirst the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it begins to movequickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling acrosswestern Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enterswide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the fiver is in China. Afterit leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As itenters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders throughlow valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the fiver delta enters the SouthChina Sea.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 3 Travel Journal-Reading TaskJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART 6 THE END OF OUR JOURNEYCambodia was in many ways similar to Laos, although it has twice the population.At another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in hercountry couldn't read or write. Her village couldn't even afford to build a school, soshe had to teach outside under a large tent. When we said goodbye, we all felt verylucky to have studied in college. Back on the road, we passed between many hillsand forests. Then we came to the plains and entered Phnom Penh(金边), the capital of Cambodia. In many ways it looked like Vientiane and Ho Chi Minh City; it alsohad wide streets with trees in rows and old French houses. Unlike Vientiane, shipscould travel the Mekong River here. In the centre of the city we visited the palaceand saw a beautiful white elephant. It can only be seen outside the palace onspecial days. We ate an early supper and went to see a great temple with floorsmade of silver.The next morning our group slept late. We were very tired from the long bike ridethe day before. Cycling in the hills had been difficult. Now our cousins had thechance to make jokes about Wang Wei and me. Perhaps, they said, they were thestrong ones! We had lunch at a nice outdoor cafe. then rode out of the city. Twodays later we crossed the border into Vietnam. We began to see many more people,but I wasn't surprised. I read in an atlas before our trip that Vietnam has almostseven times the population of Cambodia. We met a farmer who gave us directionsand told us that he grows a new rice crop four times every year so he can feed morepeople. He also told us that the northern part of his country has many mountainsand it is much cooler than here in the south, where it is flat. Although the flat deltamade it easier for us to cycle, we got warm very quickly. So we drank lots of waterand ate lots of bananas. Soon the delta separated into nine smaller rivers.Two days later, after we had passed thousands of rice fields, we came to the sea.We were tired but also in high spirits: our dream to cycle along the Mekong Riverhad finally come true.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 3 Travel Journal-Using LanguageJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGAlthough it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet. Our legswere so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. Have you ever seensnowmen ride bicycles? That's what we looked like! Along the way childrendressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the late afternoon we found itwas so cold that our water bottles froze. However, the lakes shone like glass in thesetting sun and looked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She isvery reliable and I knew I didn't need to encourage her. To climb the mountains washard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. We seemedto be able to see for miles. At one point we were so high that we found ourselvescycling through clouds. Then we began going down the hills. It was great funespecially as it gradually became much warmer. In the valleys colorful butterfliesflew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. At this pointwe had to change our caps, coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp. We put up our tent and thenwe eat. After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleepbut I stayed awake. At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet. There was almost no wind - only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and YuHang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes-ReadingA NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For threedays the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed thatthe well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In thefarmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out ofthe fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. Atabout 3:00 am on July 28,1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The soundof planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were inthe sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But theone million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep asusual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20thcentury had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundredkilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eightkilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steamburst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteenterrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands offamilies were killed and many children were left without parents. The number ofpeople who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they lookednearly every thing was destroyed. All of the city's hospitals,75% of its factories andbuildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like redautumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and mostof the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were nowuseless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wellsinstead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another bigquake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of therescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long thedisaster would last.All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes the army sent 150,000 soldiers toTangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people werehelped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to burythe dead. To the north of the city, most of the10,000 miners were rescued from thecoal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had beendestroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, thecity began to breathe again.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes-Reading TaskTHE STORY OF AN EYEWITNESSby Jack LondonNever before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Franciscois gone. Nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the centre ofthe city. Its businesses are gone. The factories, hotels and palaces are all gone too.Within an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of San Francisco's fires could beseen 160 kilometres away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stoppingthe fires. There was no way to organize or communicate. The steel railway trackswere now useless. And the great pipes for carrying water under the streets hadburst. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirtyseconds the earth moved.Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction - east, west,north, and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city. Man himself had tomake ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a dangerto those in the streets. A list of buildings undestroyed was now only a fewaddresses. A list of the brave men and women would fill a library. A list of all thosekilled will never be made.Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night. There were nocrowds. The policemen said nothing; even their horses were quiet. There were noshouts or people doing crazy things. In all those terrible hours I saw not onewoman who cried, not one man who was excited. Before the fires, through the night,thousands and thousands of people who had lost their homes left for safety. Somewere covered in blankets . Sometimes whole families put everything they ownedand could save into wagons . They helped one another climb the high hills aroundthe city. Never in all San Francisco's history were her people so kind as on thatterrible night.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes-Using Language普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-ReadingELIAS’ STORYMy name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I firstmet Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. Itwas in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. Heoffered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generouswith his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. Theschool where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leavebecause my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. Icould not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether Iwould become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told mehow to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became morehopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was, When he organizedthe ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:"The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rightsand progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rightsat all."It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They couldnot get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live weredecided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to livewere the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact asNelson Mandela said:"... we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were lessimportant, or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke thelaw in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed.., only then did wedecide to answer violence with violence."As a matter of fact, I do not like violence ... but in 1963 I helped him blow up somegovernment buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be putin prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve ourdream of making black and white people equal.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-Reading TaskA FOLLOWER OF BILL CATESI have been a friend of Bill Gates for a long time. I knew him when he was astudent at Harvard University. We were surprised when he left University to set uphis own company "Microsoft" and make his own software. But he was the cleverone! He is very good at writing computer languages and almost all computers nowuse Microsoft software. The program "Word" is used from Britain to China! Ofcourse he has made a lot of money and that makes people very jealous (妒忌的). They want to stop his success. Even the government is against him and has tried tobreak his company into two parts. They say that he is unfair to other people whowant to sell similar software. Because he fits his new software free in every newcomputer, the government says he is stopping other companies from selling theirprograms. This is not fair. Everyone should be able to do what they can to maketheir company bigger. Bill Gates has only done what he can to stop othercompetitors(竞争对手). He is very rich, but he is generous. He has given millions ofdollars to help the education and health of many children around the world. Youcould not meet a better man than Bill Gates.A COMPETITOR OF BILL GATESBill Gates has been very successful and become very rich. He is very generousbut how has he got his money? He has done this by making sure that no one elsewill be able to compete with (竞争) his software. His software is not the best but it isused most widely in the world. When he sees what is needed, he makes a programand produces it quicker than anybody else. That way he gets a large part of thesoftware market. Then he works on improving the software later. He tries hard tostop others making better software. In 1995 the government tried to make thingsfairer for people like me. The government wanted to make Microsoft into twocompanies so that neither of them was so strong nor so rich. This meant that theycould not stop somebody else making new software. I always wonder how he couldget so rich so quickly. Has he done it by fair means? Or has he done it by being acomputer bully (霸) ?普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-Using LanguageTHE REST OF ELIAS’ STORYYou cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was aprison from which no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. Butwhen I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandelabegan a school for those of us who had little learning. He taught us during thelunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. We read booksunder our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see thewords. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was notallowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He saidthey should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. They were not clevererthan me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. Thatmade me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job. Since I was bettereducated, I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out and toldmy boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost myjob. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came topower in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help fromrelatives or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job takingtourists around my old prison on Robben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to agroup. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. I remembered thebeatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I wouldnot be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and thepay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my。