上海市上海中学2021届高三上学期英语9月摸底英语试题(学生版)

2021届上海市第九中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BA world in which extinct creatures could be brought back to life came a step closer yesterday. Australian scientists have managed to extract a gene from a preserved sample of a Tasmanian tiger and make it active. Thebreakthroughhas left them dreaming that one day they will be able to recreate the animal, which died out more than 70 years ago. And if it can be done with the Tasmanian tiger, it may also be possible to resurrect (复活) creatures that have been extinct for far longer.“There used to be a time when extinction meant forever, but no more, ” said Professor Mike Archer. “We are now able to seriously challenge whether those animals that have gone for ever. What has been achieved is a very important step in bringing back those animals that are extinct. And while I think that technically it is still pretty difficult at the moment, we can now see the possibilities. I’m personally convinced that the Tasmanian tiger will be brought back to life in my lifetime.”The breakthrough came after nine years of experiments by scientists at the University of Melbourne, who extracted a gene from one of several tigers preserved in alcohol in a Melbourne museum. They removed the equivalent gene from a mouse embryo implanted the tiger gene and then watched as the mouse continued to grow normally, suggesting the tiger gene had been activated.Team leader Dr. Andrew Pask said it was the first time DNA from an extinct species had been used to “induce (引起) a functional response in another living organism”.However, the animal’s entire gene structure would have to be revived in the same way to even begin the possibility of bringing the Tasmanian tiger back from the dead.Mick Mooney, a wildlife officer ofthe Tasmanian Government, was worried that such developments could encourage people’s indifference to the protection of endangered species.“If people think that we can bring animals back to life after they’ve gone, they will start saying that there is nothing to worry about because we can fix it up later.”4. What does the underlined word “breakthrough” in the l paragraph refer to?A. Scientists have recreated new animals.B. Scientists have resurrected endangered animal.C. It has turned out that some creatures would not go extinct.D. A tiger gene has been extracted successfully and activated.5. Scientists are carrying out the experiments in order to ________.A. bring extinct animals back to lifeB. transplant the genes of tigers into other animalsC. find out what factors lead to the animals’ extinctionD. find a new way to extract animals’ DNA6. Mike Archer thinks that ________.A. scientists now have no technological difficulty reconnecting extinct animalsB. it’ll be a century or so before a Tasmanian tiger walks on the earth againC. humans have come closer in reconnecting extinct animalsD. reconnecting extinct animals is impossible7. We can learn from Mick Mooncy’s words that_________.A. he thought it unnecessary to worry about endangered animalsB. his opinion is in contrast with that of the Tasmanian GovernmentC. he thought people should be encouraged to protect endangered animalsD. he is concerned that bringing extinct animals back to life may have a negative effectCThe Native American of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, graeses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo-a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and othersno bigger than a thimble (顶针). The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants；others with feathers that made the baskets’ surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made al their basketwork by twining--the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling-a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color1 , the Pomo people used the bark of red-bud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different.8. The word “fashion” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. maintainB. organizeC. tradeD. create9. What is the author's main point in paragraph 2?A. The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.B. The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.C. The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.D. The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.10. According to the passage, the relationship between red-bud and twining is most similar to the relationship between ______.A. bullrush and coilingB. weft and warpC. willow and feathersD. sedge and weaving11. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage?A. Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the Pomo.B. Baskets produced by Pomo weaves were primarily for ceremonial and religious purposes.C. There were a very limited number of basket-making materials available to the Pomo people.D. The basket-making production of the Pomo people has been increasing over the years.DAccording to statistics published by the BPI (Buying Power Index) a couple of months ago, digital streaming (流媒体) now accounts for 80 percent of the music consumption in the UK. Despite the incredible growth of online streaming platforms like iTunes, Apple Music and Tidal over the past 15 years, a more traditional medium has also seen a return of interest and sales in the music industry. In 2020, almost one in five of all albums purchased in the UK is vinyl (黑胶唱片), and it has once again become the most popular physical musical medium.With digital streaming so easy and convenient, why are so many peopledrawn to traditional records? Some experts claim that vinyl is a physical medium for experiencing music, something tangible (有形的) to hold and own. For most people, having something tangible and interacting with it gives depth to the experience of music. Listening to an album and touching it the way the artist intended can make them feel more connected to the music and the artist. Records are physical products that can be not only displayed but also gifted, shared, traded and passed down through generations.Sound quality is another hot topic. A lot of music lovers feel that the analogue sound (模拟声音) vinyl offers is superior to modern digital audio, particularly with regards to the compressed formats streaming platforms use. There’s a common belief that old-school analogue audio has a warmer, fuller sound than digitised music. For vinyl followers, the very defect traditional recorders often have, such as the familiar crackle (劈啪作响) when the record starts, bring the music to life in a different way.There’s aritualisticaspect to vinyl that a lot of people are drawn to, too. The act of putting a record on—carefully removing the record from the sleeve, placing it on the record player and gently dropping the needle on the right groove (凹槽)—is a more assiduous (一丝不苟的), mindful way of engaging with music. When you’re listening to vinyl, you can’t tap abutton and go about your day while the streaming service provides hours of music. You need to stay close to the record player to move the needle and flip the record over.It’s clear that the vinyl interest is well underway, and vinyl records are truly making a comeback. In an increasingly digital society, there’s something to be said for analogue experiences. Perhaps one of the great things about being alive in the 21st century is our ability to have the best of both worlds—the timeless appeal of physical records alongside the easy access to vast music libraries that streaming offers.12. What are the statistics published by the BPI used to show?A. An increase in music consumption.B. The recovery of music industry.C. A comeback of a physical medium.D. The acceptance of online streaming.13. According to some experts, why does vinyl interest many people?A. It attracts people by its realistic feel.B. It offers simple access to different music.C. It shares a new way to enjoy music.D. It provides people with perfect sound effect.14. The underlined word “ritualistic” in Para.4 means something ______.A. Overlooked by society.B. Updated very frequently.C. Performed as part of a ceremony.D. Kept for a long time without changing.15. How does the writer feel about the future development of music medium?A. Traditional records will get underway.B. The analogue experiences may matter more.C. Vinyl sales will boom with technological advance.D. There should be a good mix of old and new.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届上海市第九中学高三英语月考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALooking to the future, we are now focusing on next year's tours. We are not presently taking bookings, but if a specific tour lifts your spirits, why not mark your interest and we will contact you when the time is right.JapanOctober 2021A centre for technology with natural beauty, Japan is a must-see destination for science and nature lovers. Join us on a special journey across the country during its fantastic autumn to see its amazing landscapes, visit leading scientific institutions and experience robotics and AI.AntarcticaApril to September 2021Join us aboard the Magellan Explorer for an exciting adventure to South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula, exploring the world's largest ocean reserve and best ocean ecosystem. Follow in the footstepsof the great scientists while marveling（惊叹）at icebergs, ancient glaciers and ice flies onto volcanic beaches.ItalyMarch and June 2021Encounter the great scientific minds and discoveries of the Renaissance on a cultural adventure across two of its cities, Florence and Bologna. Enjoy beautiful surroundings as you take in the wonderful collections, buildings and churches that demonstrate the period across architecture and paintings.Czech RepublicMay and July 2021Discover the legacy（遗产）of Kepler and Brahe in Prague, a city where astronomy, maths, medicine and architecture connect. Kepler became the father of modern astronomy supported by the observational data from Brahe.1. What can travelers do in Japan?A. Experience space travel.B. Enjoy its spring landscape.C. Visit its scientific institutions .D. Learn about its traditional culture.2. Which of the following can you choose if you are free in August?A. Japan.B. Italy.C. Antarctica.D. Czech Republic .3. What do Italy and Czech Republic havein common?A. Astronomy.B. Architecture.C. Paintings.D. Medicine .BThis is a true story. Tristin Saghin enjoyed themovie “Black Hawk Down” very much, which is about the conflict inSomalia. The battle scenes and the exciting rescues of people who are dying interested him greatly.There was just one problem: Tristin was only 9 years old, and it was thought that movie was not for children. When his parents caught him watching it on TV, they made him turn it off, though he had finished his homework and it was not late. Then one day, Tristin and his family were visiting his grandmother inMesa,Arizona. Tristin’s 2-year-old sister got out of the house and fell in the backyard pool. Realizing the little girl was missing, the family ran outside, only to find the girl had fallen into the water.Pulled from the pool and placed on the ground, the child wasn’t breathing. The family called the ambulance, but no one knew how to do first aid. No one, that is, except for Tristin. A scene in “Black Hawk Down” describes a doctor giving first aid. Tristin remembered it. Then the 9-year-old gave first aid to his sister at once and saved her life.His parents don’t stop him seeing the movies he likes any more.Tristin taught himself how to do first aid but he had never thought he could use it to save his little sister’s life. Any skill can be used in time, so you should always learn.4. According to the text, Tristin Saghin ________.A. lived inMesa,ArizonaB. disliked studying very muchC. was always ready to help othersD. was nine years old5. Why did Tristin Saghin’s parents order him to turn off the TV?A. They wanted him to help look after his sister.B. He often spent too much time watching films.C. They thought the film was not good for children.D. He was asked to finish his homework first.6. How was Tristin’s sister saved?A. Tristin gave first aid to her.B. The ambulance arrived in time.C. A doctor passing by gave a hand.D. Her parents sent her to hospital at once.7. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to advise readers to ________.A. see more moviesB. learn more skillsC. save others bravelyD. do what they likeCThere are similarities and differences between high school life and college life.For one thing, there are several similarities between high school life and collegelife. First, the most important task in high school and college is both studying. Studying is the most important as a student. Second, we need a goal to fight for in both high school life and college life. To lead a meaningful life, we have to set up a goal to achieve.For another, there are also some differences between high school life and college life. First, our studying is also the biggest difference. In high school, we are required to follow our teachers' steps and finish theirassignmentsevery day. While in college, there are no teachers giving such detailed requirements to us and we can choose study or not according to our own willing. What and how to study totally depends on us. Therefore, the ability of self-control is very important in college life. Second, the flexibility (灵活性) of time is another difference. In high school, we have no much leisure except for our time of study. However, in college, we have much controlled by ourselves except the time of classes. And we have more time to do what we like. Finally, college lifeis much more various and richer. Besides study, we can attend many other activities, which make our college life more wonderful.In brief, there are both similarities and differences between high school life and college life. However, no matter we are in which period, we need to make full use of every day so that we will never feel regretful.8. Why do students need a goal to fight in high school and college?A. To enter a good college.B. To avoid living a meaningless life.C. To develop the ability of control.D. To meet their parents’ satisfaction.9. What does the underlined word “assignments” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Projects.B. Tasks.C. Goals.D. Dreams.10. Which is the correct structure of the passage?A. ①-②③-④B. ①②-③-④C. ①-②③④D.①②-③④11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. College LifeB. High School LifeC. High School and CollegeD. High School Life and College LifeDAs a basic food in the Asian diet，soybeans（大豆）have been used to make tofu and soy milk for hundreds of years．But now，they are also being turned into an alternative to plastic wrap．William Chen，a professor of foodscience and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University，invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap．It's made of cellulose（纤维素），a form of fiber，obtained from the waste generated by soy bean product producers．The beans are pressed tosqueeze out juice that's used to make tofu and soy milk．And what's left is usually thrown away，but Chen takes the waste and puts it through a fermentation（发酵）process，during which cellulose is produced．Cellulose﹣based plastic wraps have been on the market for a few years，but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn，grown for that purpose．By contrast，his wrap is made from a waste product，which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable．Chen's technology could help to solve two problems at once：cutting plastic production and reducing the amount of food waste．"In Singapore，the amount of food waste generated every year could fill up 15，000 Olympic﹣sized swimming pools，" Chen says．F&N，a soy﹣based drinks producer，has partnered with Chen's lab and provides the product，straight from the factory．The company is conducting a study to assess whether the food wrap could complete commercially with conventional products．Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to makein the lab because the raw materials are free．Commercial production would involve additional expenses，such as storage and quality control，however，we have not calculated those costs yet．"Chen hopes neighboring soy﹣loving countries will be inspired bySingapore to adopt his innovation．"My dream is that our technology，which is cheap and simple，will cut plastic and food waste and create a cleaner environment，" Chen says．12. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The introduction to William Chen．B. The process of producing soy milk．C. The way to make soy﹣based wrap．D. The benefit of eating soy products．13. What's the biggest difference of Chen's wrap from other cellulose﹣based plastic wraps？A. It saves land for industry．B. It's more easilybroken down．C. It is made from the food waste．D. It has been put into practice for many years．14. What will commercial production of the food wrap cause？A. A lack of competitiveness．B. Poor quality of the wraps．C. A shortage of raw material．D. An increase in production costs．15. From which is the text probably taken？A. A personal diary．B. A travel guide．C. A book review．D. A scientific magazine．第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年上海市第九中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated in the beautiful Sichuan Basin, Chongqing is a magical 8D city. The natural history and cultural scenery of the area provide children with learning opportunities because they can enjoy the many wonders of this area.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointTiankeng Diqiao Scenic Area is located in the southern mountainous area of Fengjie County. The Tiankeng pit is 666 meters deep and is currently the deepest tiankeng in the world. The scenic spot is divided into ten areas including Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Tianjingxia Ground, Labyrinth River, and Longqiao River. There are many and weird karst cave shafts, and countless legends haunt them.Youyang Peach GardenYouyang Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a national forest park, a national 5A-level scenic spot, and a national outdoor sports training base. Located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain. The Fuxi Cave in the scenic spot is about 3,000 meters long, with winding corridors, deep underground rivers, and color1 ful stalactites. The landscape is beautiful.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveJinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District of Chongqing City, about 45 kilometers away from the Central District of Chongqing City. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, the green bamboos form the forest, the environment is quiet, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Little Emei". Among them, Yujian Peak is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; Lion Peak is the most precipitous and spectacular, and the other peaks are also unique.Chongqing People's SquareChongqing's Great Hall of the People, one of the landmarks of Chongqing, gives people the deepest impression than its magnificent appearance resembling the Temple of Heaven. It also uses the traditional method of central axis symmetry, with colonnade-style double wings and a tower ending, plus a large green glazed roof, large red pillars, white railings, double-eave bucket arches, and painted carved beams.1.How deep is the Tiankeng Ground Joint?A.666mB.3,000mC.45kmD.1050m2.Which of the following rocks can you see in Youyang Peach Garden?A.LimestoneB.StalactiteC.MarbleD.Quartzite3.Which attraction is closest to downtown Chongqing?A.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointB.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveC.Chongqing People's SquareD.Youyang Peach GardenBIt was very cold and I had been watching a homeless man make himself comfortable in a “shelter” on the river bank. His “shelter” was a tarpaulin (油布)tied to rocks to keep the wind from blowing it away. He had been living there for over a month. I never saw him with warm clothing or food. I knew what I wanted to do.When I told my parents what I wanted to do they werealarmed. They said I could be putting myself at risk, taking a box to a homeless person at night! But I knew, in my deep heart, that I would be safe.I got a box. My parents watched as I added warm gloves, a heavy blanket ... into the box until it was full! Then, I put a Christmas card on top. It said, “Even though we hardly know each other, I want to wish you a Merry Christmas!” I put ten one-dollar bills inside it as well.My father insisted he went there with me as it was 10 pm on Christmas Eve. I said he could drive me but he had to stay in the car. He agreed.I took the box and walked towards his “house”. I called, “Sir, I have a Christmas box for you!”“Go away!” he shouted.“Sir,” I repeated.“Go away!” he shouted.“Why?” I asked him.He walked over and I expected to see an angry face. Instead I saw two of the most beautiful, gentle, blue eyes I have ever seen.“Merry Christmas!” I said.“Why are you doing this?” he asked.“Because you matter to me,” I said. With that I gave him the box.Tears came to his eyes and he thanked me. I got back to the car and watched him carry the box like it wasfilled with gold. I didn’t want to embarrass (使困窘) him by watching him any more so Dad and I left.4. The underlined word “alarmed” can best be replaced by _____.A. pleasedB. worriedC. disappointedD. surprised5. Why did the author ask his father to stay in the car?A. Because he wanted to prove he was brave.B. Because he believed the homeless man was bad.C. Because he wanted to protect his father from being hurt.D. Because he didn’t want the homeless man to feel bad.6. When the homeless man saw the author first, he was _____.A. quite angryB. very excitedC. quite puzzledD. very curious7. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to tell readers that _____.A. it is easier said than doneB. poverty is the mother of healthC. where there is a will, there is a wayD. a willing helper doesnot wait until he is askedCA 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to livea decade longer than a peer who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented. And although the average American’s expected span(预期寿命) has been smooth in recent year—and, shockingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017—that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.This gap in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the report of the National Academy of Sciences. Anne Case and Angus Deation ofPrincetonUniversityfound that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to become different in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s.What is the link between schooling and longevity(长寿)? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greaterhealth.Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labor markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have decreased the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.The authors argued that the educational gap in mortality(致死率) will widenin the wake ofthe covid-19 pandemic. ForAmerica’s overall life expectancy to start climbing again, improvements will be needed across all social groups, not just among the privileged few.8. When did the lifespans of people with and without a degree vary greatly?A. In the 1990s.B. In the 2020sC. In the 2000sD. In the 2010s9. According to the article, changes in labor markets reduce jobs for those without a degree. Which change is NOT included?A. The rising spending of employer-provided health care.B. The gap in life expectancy.C. Raised request for better-educated workers.D. The development of automation.10. What does the underlined phrase “in the wake of” probably mean ?A. afterB. untilC. beforeD. while11. What is the best title for the text?A. Changes in labor market.B. Quit bad habits by Further studyC. Educated Americans live longer.D. Highly-educated people develop healthier lifestyles.DIt's the near future.Animal populations have fallen sharply and 80% of species are extinct.The forests are so rare that you need to make a booking to visit one. Birds also face extinction.The Arctic terns,a species evolved to fly across the world on4000kmannual journeys，are on their last migration (迁徙) to Antarctica.The Last Migrationby the Sydney-based writer Charlotte McConaghy is a different sort of climate novel，one in which the heroine's(女主人公)damaged soul is as much a story as the damaged environment This is McConaghy's first work of literary fiction,after a history publishing in science fiction and a romanticfantasy series."I wanted to try and engage with the climate crisis closely,"she said."It's hard to nail down where he book came from.But I had Toni Morrison's words in my head:'If there's a book you really want to read,but i hasn't been written yet,then you must write it.'I love that. It really speaks to me.""I wanted to write about the way the natural world is disappearing but I didn't know a way in."The way in”, she says, was to"go travelling.I went to Ireland and Iceland,and thought about these incredible journeys of the terns and these people who study hes journeys."The book became a story of a double journey: the migration of the birds,and a broken woman's travelling to the end of the earth.Much of the book is told in flashbacks, the action jumping between the south coast of New South Wales to the west coast of Ireland and to Greenland."I've always been fascinated with Ireland: the landscape, the people and the poetry and music.I was fascinated with writing a character from there. It was a way to connect more with the place."McConaghy says she also wanted to have a character who was"of two places"."I had lived in 21 houses by the time I was 21, as a result I definitely know how it feels to feel as if you are not sure where you belong and feeling as if you are between two worlds."12. How isThe Last Migrationdifferent from other climate novels?A. It forecasts environmental destruction.B. It features a bird's cross-continental migration.C It combines science fiction well with romantic fantasy.D. It attaches equal importance to the heroine's broken soul.13. What did McConaghy think of Toni Morrison's words?A. Inspirational.B. One-sided.C. Authoritative.D. Casual.14. Why did McConaghy go travelling?A. To appreciate the landscape of Ireland.B. To follow the migration of the birds.C. To get away from her tiresome life.D. To find ideas for her new book.15. How might a character "of two places"feel?A. Content and carefree.B. More connected with nature.C. Lacking in a sense of belonging.D. Knowledgeable about the world.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

解析 :标注 :解析 :标注 :解析 :标注 :解析 :标注 :解析 :标注 :解析 :2021年上海高三高考模拟英语试卷（新学业水平九）【答案】1.A句意：多莉想骑自行车环游世界，并且她相当热衷于这个想法 be keen on something 热衷于某事，为固定搭配。

【知识点】介词辨析2.D考查反身代词及固定搭配。

句意：在一天结束的时候，犒劳自己一杯葡萄酒，帮助自己放松一下。

treat oneself to sth.意为 "用某物犒劳自己" 。

根据 "help you relax" 可知此处应用具体的反身代词yourself 。

故答案为：D 。

【知识点】反身代词3.C考查情态动词。

句意：老板给了每个人一个特别的假期，所以我们明天不用上班了。

根据 giveneveryone a special holiday 可知，有特殊假期，此处应该是 "不需要来上班" ，故答案为C 。

【知识点】need 为情态动词4.C考查副词。

句意：现在丈夫和妻子的角色不像以前那样明确定义，特别是当双方都工作和挣钱养家的时候。

此处要用副词修饰后面动词defined ，排除A 、B ；as … as 中间接原级，所以答案为C 。

【知识点】（not ）so/as…as...；副词原级比较5.D考查介词辨析。

句意：美国人民想知道新当选的总统和他的政府是否能保证国家的安全，并在未来抵御任何恐怖袭击。

to 到某处；on 在……之上；with 和……在一起；against 预防，抵御。

空格前有动词 "defend 保卫；防守" ，defend against 意为 "防卫，抵御" ，符合句意及逻辑。

故答案为：D 。

【知识点】动词+介词；介词辨析6.B本题考查不定代词用法。

根据答语前的I'm afraid 便可知此处是否定回答，意即 "恐怕两天都不行。

上海市某校2021学年高三9月月考英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文)1. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Back to School ReformFor schools in the New York City, this school year was met by a particular reform issue. It began in June of 2018, when, as part of an effort to fight the enduring problem of segregation(种族隔离), Mayor Bill de Blasio announced his intention 【小题1】the testing requirement should be discontinued for admission to the city’s eight selective “élite” high schools. Then, late last month, the Advisory Group released a report 【小题2】 (suggest) that the city rethink its entire approach 【小题3】 identifying and educating high-achieving children. More accurately, it recommended replacing the gifted-and-talented programs with new initiatives 【小题4】challenge premature children without relying on a test or academic tracking. However, Asian-American parents fearing that the proposed change 【小题5】(disadvantage) their children filed a lawsuit to block it.Testing holds great attraction 【小题6】it is neutral, indifferent to a student’s background and wealth. But this is not 【小题7】the current system functions. Success is closely related to socioeconomic advantages and access to test preparation. For example, Asian-American students tend 【小题8】(rate) lower on the most subjective parts of college admissions evaluations.It’s not clear what the result of the current debate will be. One thing, however, is certain: the competition for places at New York’ chools 【小题9】(drive), in part, by a lack of faith in the quality of education in other parts of the system. Also, it is seen as a conflict between different social groups fighting for a system in which their children are 【小题10】(likely) to be restricted by discrimination.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文)2. A．confusingly B．robbing C．apply D．quickens E．bearable F．fear G．underlying H．temporarily I．claims J．bargain K．outcomesThe Danger of SharentingFor the vast majority of people，checking social media involves a mix of expectation and curiosity．The app feeds on a collective （1）_______that we are missing out on something，whether it's a fabulous party，a pop﹣up sale or the mere concept of vacation．But the same dynamic doesn't quite （2）_______to parents sharing pictures of their young children online． There certainly may be an element of proud boasting："Admire my little son's taste in jazz，" etc． But these carefully chosen photos often do little more than help parents escape from a harsh day （3）_______． The isolation of parenthood delivers one to strange places， and you need your tribe． Sharing images on social media makes the experience （4）_______，connecting one to a larger world．In his new book Why We Should Think Before We Talk About Our Kids Online， Leah Plunkett， a Harvard psychology professor， argues that "sharenting" happens when an adult transmits private details about a child via digital channels． It （5）_______ a child's entry into "digital life．" Studies estimate that by 2030 nearly two﹣thirds of identity﹣fraud cases affecting today's children will have been caused by sharenting．For Plunkett， there are a couple of reasons to be concerned about sharenting． On a philosophical level， sharenting exposes children to the larger digital world without their permission，（6）_______ them of a kind of privacy． This feeds into Plunkett's second，much broader concern． The （7）_______ problem with sharenting is the same with many adult﹣world privacy issues： the bargain we have made in exchange for these services is that we surrender our data and choose not to imagine the worst﹣case scenarios． Could things that parents post about children produce real﹣world （8）_______， in terms of bullying， professional reputation， or future prospects？ Today，long before children take their first step， their digital data already travels to "thousands，likely tens of thousands， of human and machine users．" How long will it be until someone （9）_______ the power to predict who a child will become as an adult based on these data points？Plunkett's concerns made parents reconsider their choices． In the end， Plunkett's advice is to "make more mindful choices" about digital lives though parenthood is often so （10）_______ vague that mindfulness seems impossible．三、完形填空)3.The Last Robot﹣Proof Job in America?You can get most food, such as warm cookies or vodka, to your doorstep in minutes． But try getting a red snapper （红鲷鱼）． Until recently, if you could obtainit, it would likely have been pre﹣frozen and shipped in from overseas．A new tech startup is aiming to （1）_______ this situation． Based inside the Fulton Fish Market, a seafood wholesale market, the startup, called FultonFishMarket．com, allows customers across the whole county, both restaurants and individuals, to buy from the market． The fish is shipped （2）_______, rather than frozen, thanks to an Amazon advanced logistics system． Mike Spindler, the company's C．E．O．, said recently, "I can get a fish to Warren Buffett, that's as fresh as if he'd walked down to the pier （码头） and bought it that morning．"There is one thing, （3）_______, that the sophisticated logistics system cannot do: pick out a fish． If Warren Buffett orders a red snapper, the company needs to （4）_______ that his fish is actually red snapper, and not some other． According to the ocean﹣conservation organization, more than 20% of the seafood in restaurants and grocery stores in America is （5）_______． For this task, the company has employed Robert DiGregorio, a forty﹣seven﹣year veteran of the business, who possesses a blend of judgement and （6）_______ knowledge that, so far, com puters have yet to replicate．"（7）_______ the food﹣safety stuff, our business could be any market from the last three thousand years of human history, " Spindler told me． He is experienced in the （8）_______ business． When he arrived at the fish market in 2014, people were cautious． "They thought selling fish on the Internet was （9）_______．" DiGregorio said, speaking for the fishmongers （鱼贩）． "They didn't see how it could possibly work．" Five years ago, DiGregorio didn't know how to use a computer, but when the Web ﹣site people arrived at the market, he sensed an opportunity． Together, they've created a human﹣machine fish﹣buying operation．By I a．m． each night, the company （10）_______ from around the country and sends them to DiGregorio． He heads into the market, carrying his tablet computer． Thecompany's algorithms（算法）（11）_______ data on their sources and can tell DiGregorio, for example, which stall to go to get the best tuna （金枪鱼）． The computer is a "learning system, " so if DiGregorio makes a choice it didn't （12）_______, itasks, "Was the fish not available? Was it damaged? " All that information is fed back in for next time．Then, what can a fishmonger see that a computer can't? DeGregorio showed me his part of the （13）_______ process． "I'm assessing a few things, " he said． First, （14）_______． Fish should have "nice" slime （粘液）． Then, smell． He sniffed the air above the box． "When fish goes bad, it smells like ammonia．" Besides, to get the beststuff, "Fishmongers have to have a relationship with you． To trust you．" He added．Is he never （15）_______ being replaced by the learning system ofcomputers? DiGregorio shrugged． "By the time they invent a computer that can do what I can do, " he said, "I'll be dead．"（1）A.maintainB.remedyC.substituteD.recognize（2）A.freeB.overseasC.separateD.fresh（3）A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.howeverD.thus（4）A.ensureB.proposeC.concedeD.remind（5）A.overpricedB.misidentifiedC.displacedD.modified（6）puterB.cuisineC.fishD.marketing（7）A.Rather thanB.Thanks toC.Except forD.Prior to（8）A.fund﹣raisingB.online﹣groceryC.fish﹣sellingD.non﹣profit（9）A.significantB.worthyC.responsibleD.ridiculous（10）A.salesB.ordersC.alternativesD.statistics（11）A.analyzeB.supplyC.prioritizeD.feed（12）A.requireB.processC.predictD.value（13）A.calculationB.decodingC.correctionD.selection（14）A.smashB.touchC.wipeD.roll（15）A.concerned aboutB.eager forC.delighted withD.capable of四、阅读选择)4. On the morning of 19 April 1966, a hooded figure was hiding in the bushes near the start line of the Boston Marathon. When the gun went off to start the race, the mysterious person allowed the faster competitors to pass before joining the main group of runners. It wasn’t long before the others noticed that their new companion was a woman.The infiltrator(渗入者) was 23-year-old graduate Roberta ’Bobbi’ Gibb, an experienced runner who had had her application to run denied on the grounds that the Boston Marathon was a Men’s Division race only. Her rejection letter categorically stated: Women aren’t allowed and furthermore are not physiologically able. Having run up to 30 miles a day nearly every day for the two years leading up to the race, Gibb knew that this was not true. She decided it was time attitudes towards women changed, and bought a bus ticket to Boston. Contrary to her father’s fears that she would get hurt in the race, Gibb’s male counterparts showed her nothing but kindness. Once reporters got wind of her participation, the radio began broadcasting news of her progress. Encouraged by adrenalin and the delighted spectators, Gibb was heading for an under three-hour time for the best part of the course,but then she began running out of steam. Starved of food and water, her legs began to falter, and her feet became almost too painful to run on. If she hadn’t known that dropping out would have set women’s running back 20 or 30 years, she may not have completed the course. However, the cheering crowds on the last leg of the course succeeded in lifting her spirits, and she sprinted to the finish in a very respectable time of just under three hours and 22 minutes.On finishing the race, Gibb was treated as a hero: she was met by the governor of Massachusetts, her parents were interviewed, newspapers ran articles on her and she was invited to a TV game show. More importantly for her, she had broken the stereotype that women didn’t run marathons. She began getting calls from inspired women who had taken up running themselves, and in 1967 a second female runner competed in the Boston Marathon alongside Gibb. The following year there were five female entrants, and by 1972, the rules had been changed to allow women to compete in all US marathons. However, by then, if you had asked anyone who was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon, they would have given you a completely different name: Kathy Switzer.Twenty-year-old journalist Kathrine Switzer shot to fame after competing against Gibb in the 1967 Boston Marathon. On discovering Switzer had entered the race by pretending to be a man, race director Jock Semple tried to physically remove her, and it was this image of Switzer being attacked while running that stuck in people’s minds. Switzer conti nued running, finishing second in the 1975 Boston Marathon. Moreover, she became a successful media personality. It took Gibb decade of writing letters to magazines, TV stations and book publishers to set the record straight. But in the end, she succeeded in gaining her due recognition and was retroactively awarded first-place medals for her 1966, 1967 and 1968 races.（1）The woman is hiding in the bushes __________.A.to cheer on the best participantsB.so as not to be seen at the starting line.C.in order to watch the race unfoldD.so that she has a better view of the field（2）What ultimately drove Gibb to finish the race?A.She didn’t want her plan to backfire(发生意外).B.She wanted her parents to be proud of her.C.She wasn’t willing to disappoint the cr owd.D.She couldn’t take the shame of failure.（3）What does the writer mean when he describes Gibb’s running time as ’respectable’?A.He thinks she could have done better.B.He considers it a standard to aim at.C.He regards it as a good time.D.He can’t believe she ran so well.（4）What does the reader discover about Gibb in the fourth paragraph?A.Her reputation grew as the years went by.B.She was corrupted by fame.C.She became a household name.D.Her glory was short-lived5.（1）When you find a gift in a geocache, you _________.A.make a note of the gift on the website.B.can borrow the gift, but have to return it.C.are allowed to take the gift if you replace it with something else.D.take a photo of the gift as proof that you have found it（2）The writer thinks that the most enjoyable kind of geocaching is when _______.A.you have to find a public webcam.B.you have to find a series of geocaches.C.you have to find a geocache and then hide it in a different place.D.you simply have to find one geocache.（3）The writer has written the blog mainly to _________.A.suggest that people try geocaching.B.publicise a geocaching event in Sweden.C.warn the reader that geocaching is addictive.D.explain the differences between letterboxing and geocaching.6. The Occupy Wall Street protest movement has raised serious questions about the role of capitalist institutions, particularly corporations in American society． Well before the first protester set foot in Zucotti Park, a heckler（扰乱分子） urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people． Romney's response﹣﹣ "Corporations are people" stirred a brief but intense controversy． Now thousands of demonstrators have in effect joined the heckler, denouncing（抨击） corporations as "enemies of the people．"Far more important than questions about what corporations are is the question of what attitude we should have toward them． Should we, as corporate public relations statements often suggest, think of them as friends （if we buy and are satisfied with their products）or as family （if we work for them）? Does it make sense to be loyal to a corporation as either a customer or as an employee? More generally, even granted that corporations are not fully persons in the way that individuals are, do they have some important moral standing in our society?My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values． Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders． In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values that conflict with the goal of corporate profit． Corporations are a particular threat to truth, a value essential in a democracy, which places a premium on the informed decisions of individual citizens． The corporate threat is most apparent in advertising, which explicitly aims at convincing us to prefer a product regardless of its actual merit． Their defining goal is to generate profit． There are cases when telling the truth is the best means to advance corporate profits． In 1982, when seven people in Chicago died from poisonedTylenol, Johnson & Johnson appealed to its credo, which makes concern for its customers primary corporate goal, and told the entire truth about what had happened． This honesty turned a potential public﹣relations disaster into a triumph． But Johnson & Johnson's impressive corporate credo ends by saying, "Our final responsibility is to our stockholders and must make solid profit． The credo is unclear about what happens when there is a conflict between responsible action and long﹣term profit．"None of this means that corporations are evil or that socialism should replace the free﹣enterprise system． As Michel Foucault said of all power structures, it's not that corporations are bad but that they are dangerous． The self﹣serving corporate speech that fills our media and halls of government is particularly dangerous for our democracy． At least for this reason, the Occupy Wall Street protesters are right to distrust corporations．（1）Mitt Romney most probably believes that________．A.individuals should pay more taxes than corporationsB.corporations should not be forced to pay more taxesC.people should care more about corporations' developmentD.corporations should enjoy all the legal rights as people do．（2）According to Paragraphs 2 and 3， it can be inferred that corporations________．A.should be set as moral examples of the societyB.take employees' faithfulness as part of their goalsC.contribute little to the most essential human valuesD.are actually means by which people share profits．（3）The 1982 event is cited in Paragraph 3 to illustrate that________．A.corporations always make profits at the expense of people's healthB.customers should always keep an eye on the quality of any productC.corporations take economic profit as their priority essentiallyD.corporation profit is always in contradiction with customer interests．（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？________A.Corporations， People and TruthB.Corporations Are Different from PeopleC.Corporations Are UntrustworthyD.The Occupy Wall Street Protest．五、六选四)7. Although books are still popular with teenagers， most of them spend more of their leisure time staring at their phone than reading a paperbook．（1）_______Instead of publishing whole book at once， they produce very short chapters， which they send oncea week to their readers by text message．（2）_______Many are written by high school or university students who are very familiar with the topics that teenagers are interested in． Common themes are love， tragedy and betrayal， and the stories often deal with difficult or controversial issues．Twenty﹣one﹣year﹣old Rin wrote her novel over a six﹣month period in spare moments，often while commuting on the train．（3）_______Her book sold 40000 copies and was number five in the Japanese bestseller list． Rin said that her mother had had no idea that she had been writing a novel and was therefore very surprised when she saw a book withher daughter's name on it（4）_______Chapters have no more than 200 words， and often just 50﹣100words． Sentences are short and there are no descriptions of anything or anybody because there isn't space． The text mostly consists of dialogue and the language is direct，conveying a lot in a few words．In 2009， a young Japanese writer called Takatsu， who lives in Canada， began writing the first English language cell phone novel， Secondhand Memories． Takatsu had read anEnglish translation of Rin's story and had been impressed by its simple and emotional language． It was a feature he deliberately copied when he started writing Secondhand Memories．（5）_______He now believes that， in English， cell phone novels have a powerful and poetic identity of their own． Cell phone novels encourage young people to engage in fiction， even those who would not normally pick up a book． They could be described as ten novels for the 21st century．A． Books are sometimes regarded as old﹣fashioned and difficult to read．B． In response 10 this trend， some smart young authors have changed the way they write．C． However， as the story progressed， the style gradually evolved into something different．D． She typed out chapters on her phone and uploaded them onto a popular website forcell phone authors．E． No money is made from cell phone novels unless they are published as books．F． The style of cell phone novels has evolved to suit the medium．G． Although the idea originated in Japan， cell phone novels have also appeared in therest of world．六、概要写作)8. Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．It's undeniable： Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology iscool． There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before the feeling thatyou're living in the future． And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget， people stare in fascination． They ask you questions． They see you as the holder of powerful， secret knowledge for a little while， until the next big thing comes along． People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness， which theypay in more ways than one． Don't fall into the early adopter trap． Don't join the firstwave of consumers who invest in the latest media﹣hyped hardware： instead， wait and see．To put it frankly， early adoption is a bad investment． First， the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive， they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be． Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can， and they know that there are serious tech﹣lovers who will pay a great deal to be first． Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands， theycan cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase： selling the product to everyone else． This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U． S． 200 only eight months after its release． Plus， electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time． Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release， and they will likely keep falling． Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market． Further，electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete （废弃的） so quickly． This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value． The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months．Speaking of becoming obsolete， those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on． Another good reason to resist the early﹣adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically hasdefects that cost a lot in time and frustration． Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters． Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time， don't be among the first users． If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget， you can look forward to a smoother experience or choose a less troublesome product．七、根据所给汉语意思完成句子)9. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.（1）每个人都应该为慈善出一份力，这无关地位和财富。

It’s a really cool café that also has great food, and sometimes they have music and other special events. Well, it just so happened that there was a literary festival going on that featured writers and photographers working in China, and I saw that Peter Hessler was going to be speaking at the festival at 7:30 that very night! Peter Hessler is probably my favorite writer at the moment; he used to write about China for The New Yorker, a famous American magazine, and he also wrote three books about his experiences living and working in Beijing. His writing is really funny and super clever, and I was so excited to hear him speak that I went right over to The Bookworm, grabbed a seat at the bar, and waited for him to arrive. I waited and waited, but he still was a no-show. Finally, at 8:30, I asked one of the staff when he was supposed to be the re. “Peter Hessler?” the guy replied. “He’s not supposed to be here tonight. He was here last year, though.” It was then that I realized my mistake. I had e on the right day, just not in the right year!120725 50F5 僵33312 8220 舠28039 6D87 涇uY24913 6151 慑 q38054 94A6 钦22065 5631 嘱24467 5F93 従22234 56DA 囚23043 5A03 娃34567 8707 蜇。

高级中学2021届高三英语9月摸底考试试题〔含解析〕第I卷第一局部：听力〔一共两节，满分是30分〕第一节〔一共5小题；每一小题1.5分，一共7.5分〕听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每一小题所给的A、B、C三个选项里面选出最正确选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间是来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman want to do first?Cash some checks. B. Open a savings account. C. Get traveler’s checks.2. What kind of gloves does the man like?A. The black cotton ones.B. The brown leather ones.C. The white woolen ones.3. How will the woman go to Chicago?A. By bus.B. By air.C. By car.4. Where will the speakers meet?A. At the garden.B. At the museum.C. In front of the library.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a supermarket.B. At a bank.C. At a restaurant. 第二节〔一共15小题；每一小题1.5分，一共22.5分〕听下面5段对话或者独白。

每段对话或者独白后有几道小题，从每一小题所给的A、B、C三个选项里面选出最正确选项。

听每段对话或者独白前，你将有时间是阅读每一小题，每一小题5秒钟。

听完后，每一小题将给出5秒钟的答题时间是。

每段对话读两遍。

听第六段材料，答复第6、7题。

2021届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic symbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The stadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic medalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic symbol.C.The stadiums.D.The Olympic medals.2.What do you know from The first Olympic symbol?A.The first modern Olympics took place inGreece.B.There are six color1 s on the flag of every country.C.Australia used to be the largest continent on earth.D.The “Olympic Rings” flag was created in 1913.3.What can you do in the section of The stadiums?A.Admire the view ofLake Geneva.B.Meet some famous designers.C.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.D.Talk with guests of honour.BThe Gata used to look annoyed when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, an area of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now they're actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they've lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months, they haven’t paid a cent.ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions (住宅开发项目) in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low power appliances and solar panels.Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of traditional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and keeping indoor warmth winter.The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don't just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility's power grid(电网). The residents are billed by “net metering”: they pay for the amount of power that they get from the grid, minus the kilowatts(千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it's not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. "It helps us lower usage at peak power times," says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.”What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be extremely expensive. For the consumer, it's a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the power bill.4. Why is the Gata eager to see their electricity bills now?A. They want to cut down their utility' expenses.B. They want to know if they are able to pay.C. They want to see how much they have saved.D. They want to avoid being overcharged.5. What is special about the ZEH communities?A. They are built in harmony with the environment.B. They have created cutting edge technologies.C. They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.D. They aim to be independent in power supply.6. What does the "net metering" practice mean to the power company?A. More pressure at peak timeB. Reduced operational costs.C. Increased electricity output.D. Less profits in the short term.7. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community __________.A. is a worthy investment in the long runB. is but a dream for average consumersC. gives the owner great tax benefitsD. contributes toenvironmental protectionCPeople saved a 20-foot orca (虎鲸) that was stuck between rocks on an Alaskan shore by continuously pouring water over it and protecting it from birds who circled above the defenseless whale.The whale was ultimately saved after a six-hour, labor-intensive life-saving operation. Someone spotted the large whale on the Prince of Wales Island near the coast of British Columbia on the morning of July 29th. The Coast Guard was called around 9 a.m. local time. Chance Strickland, the captain of a private yacht in Alaska, and his crew anchored and began life-saving action that were videoed by Aroon Melane and posted on the Internet.Strickland could hear the orca calling out to killer whales swimming in the area. People on other boats stopped with water and buckets to pour water over the animal. “There were tears coming out of its eyes,” Mr. Strickland told the local newspaper. “It was pretty sad.”The group of people formed a chain that passed buckets of seawater back and forth and poured the water on the orca, which seemed to liven it up. It made a noise and raised its tail when it got water.The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was called in, which can be seen on the video using a machine to spray amist of seawater on the orca, which doubled as a way to keep the whale cool and scare the large group of birds that were hoping to feast on the beast.Melane said in her video that the orca was stranded (搁浅) for about six hours until the tide came in andswept it back into the ocean. The group efforts of Strickland’s crew and the NOAA saved the 13-year-old killer whale.8. Why did birds circle above the orca?A. They were eager to eat it.B. They wished to protect it.C. They were attracted by the people.D. They wanted to find a place to rest.9. What did Strickland do immediately after finding the whale?A. Posted pictures online.B. Called friends for help.C. Took action to save it.D. Videoed the trapped animal.10. Why did the whale make a noise and raise its tail?A. To express its eager for water.B. To extend its thanks to people.C. To call out to its fellow whales.D. To show its power and sadness.11. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Killer Whale Got SavedB. The Orca Inspired KindnessC. Combined Efforts WantedD. Animals and Humans UnitedDBill Gates on how to fight future pandemicsWHEN HISTORIANS write the book on the covid-19 pandemic, what we've lived through so far will probably take up only the first third or so.The bulk of the story will be what happens next.I believe that humanity will beat this pandemic, but only when most of the population is vaccinated(接种疫苗）.Until then, life will not return to normal.As the pandemic slows in developed nations,itwill accelerate in developing ones.Their experience,however,will be worse.In poorer countries,where fewer jobs can be done remotely,distancing measures won't work as well.The virus will spread quickly,and health systems won't be able to care for the infected.Wealthy nations can help.But people in rich and poor places alike will be safe only once we have an effective medical solution for this virus,which means a vaccine.My hope is that,by the second half of 2021,facilities around the world will be manufacturing a vaccine.If that's the case,it will be a history-making achievement: the fastest humankind has ever gone from recognizing a new disease to immunizing（免疫）against it.Apart from this progress in vaccines,two other big medical breakthroughs will emerge from the pandemic.One will be in the field of diagnostics.The next time a novel virus crops up,people will probably be able to test for it at home.Researchers could have such a test ready within a few months of identifying a new disease.The third breakthrough will be in antiviral drugs.We haven't been as effective at developing drugs to fight viruses as we have those to fight bacteria.But that will Researchers will develop large diverse libraries of antivirals,which they'll be able to scan trough and quickly find effective treatments for novel viruses.All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene(干预）early when the number of cases is still very low.Our progress won't be in science alone.It will also be in our ability to make sure everyone benefits from that science.In the years after 2021,I think we'll learn from the years after 1945. With the end of the Second World War, leaders built international institutions like the UN to prevent more conflicts.After covid-19, leaders will prepare institutions to prevent the next pandemic.These will be a mix of national,regional and global organizations.I expect they will participate in regular"germ games”in the same way as armed forces take part in War games.These will keep us ready for the next time a novel virus jumps from bats or birds to humans.I hope wealthy nations include poorer ones in these preparations,especially by devoting more foreign aid to building up their primary health-care systems.This pandemic has shown us that viruses don't obey border laws and that we are all connected biologically by a network of microscopic germs,whether we like it or not.The best analogy(类比）for today might be November 10th 1942.Britainhad just won its first land victory of the war,and Winston Churchill declared in a speech: “This is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning.”12. What are the three technologies that will prepare us for the next pandemic?①manufacturing a vaccine fast②diagnosing a virus at home③developing antiviral drugs④allowing us to intervene earlyA. ①②③B. ①②④C. ①③④D. ②③④13. As far as poorer countries areconcerned,which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?A. pandemic disease is more likely to begin in poorer countriesB. Working from home can work well in poorer countries.C. Health systems are sufficient to care for the infected in poorer countries.D. Virus will cross borders if poorer countries fail to contain it.14. Why is the Second World War mentioned in Para.8?A. The fight against the COVID-19 is similar to the Second World War.B. People are suffering just as they were in the Second World War.C. We should cooperate globally just as we did after the Second World War.D. Countries are fighting each other like in the Second World War.15. What is the tone of this passage?A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. neutralD. indifferent第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届高三英语(yīnɡ yǔ)上学期〔9月〕摸底考试试题考前须知：1. 考试时间是是120分钟，总一共150分。

2. 答卷前，所有考生必须将本人的姓名、班级和考场填写上在答题卡上，并把条形码贴在答题卡的规定的正确位置。

3. 答复选择题时，选出每一小题答案后，需要用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目之答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

答复非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在套本套试卷上无效。

4. 在在考试完毕之后以后，将本套试卷和答题卡一起交回。

第一局部听力〔一共两节，满分是30分〕做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容完毕以后，你将有两分钟的时间是将试卷上之答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节〔一共5小题；每一小题1. 5分，满分是7. 5分〕听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项里面选出最正确选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间是来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How does the woman's father go to work?A. By bus.B. By subway。

.C. On foot.2. Where does the man probably stop the car?A. At a parking lot.B. At a gas station.C. On the way.3. What's the weather normally like in Chicago?A. Cold. B Warm. C. Rainy.4. What does the man think about the boating race?A. Disappointing.B. Competitive.C. Meaningful.5. What does the man want to do now?A. Return a ticket.B. Deal with an emergency.C. Catch a train.第二节〔一共15小题；每一小题1. 5分，满分是22. 5分〕听下面5段对话或者独白。

I. Listening prehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations betweentwo speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be askedabout what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the bestanswer to the question you have heard.1. A. Coke. B. Coffee. C. Tea.D. Water.2. A. At a restaurant. B. At a studio. C. At a concert.D. At a theatre.3. A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Confused. D.Depressed.4. A. The Browns. B. The Browns’ son. C. The postman.D. The neighbour.5. A. At 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D.9:10.6. A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t havegold rings.C. She prefers gold to silver.D. She lost her silver ring.7. A. The screen doesn’t have to be cleaned. B. The keyboard also needs cleaning.C. The man shouldn’t do the cleaning.D. There’s not enough time to clean both.8. A. The driver will sop the bus immediately. B.The guy by the door will help the woman.C. The woman should check the map.D. He will tell the woman when to get off.9. A. She dislikes fireworks. B. She has plans for the evening.C. She doesn’t feel like going out.D. She has to get theatre tickets.10.A. They can’t see the stars clearly. B. They’re not in the city tonight.C. They’re looking at the stars from the city.D. They’re talking about movie stars.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. It can make her famous. B. It is easy and rewarding.C. It is dangerous but exciting.D. It has its moving moment.12.A. Somebody was killed. B. Nobody was injured.C. Karen was physically hurt.D. Many buildings exploded.13.A. A fierce war. B. A serious injury.C. A terrible explosion.D. A brave journalist.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. footprints. B. Food. C. Living insects. D. Orange seeds.15. A. Don't touch animals under any circumstances.B. Don't take away any natural objects from the park.C. Don't leave litter in the park or throw any off the boat.D. Don't transport animals from one island to another.16. A. To protect the guide's interest. B. To improve the unique environment.C. To ensure a trouble-free visit.D. To get rid of illegal behavior.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.plete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best pletes the sentence.25.Accustomed to the coffee from Columbia, ______ Governor John said that______ coffee should always be strong.A. /; aB. the; aC. a; aD./; /26.Today, I’d like to discuss in more detail the cyber threats that weare facing ______ a nation and as individuals.A. toB. forC. asD. by27.We must have effective ways to preserve the variety of life because________ play important roles in the natural environment where they live.A. all living thingsB. all of living thingsC. the all living thingsD. all living thing28.Can you imagine how much ______ my car looked after being airbrushed?A. wellB. goodC. bestD.better29.According to a recent survey, 95 percent of women aged between 15 andearly 40s ______ a doctor once a year, pared to 70 percent of men in the same age group.A. seesB. seeC. sawD. hadseen30.– Did you get timely help from Jane?-- No, she was busy. Otherwise we ______ what we wanted from her in time.A. had gotB. could have gotC. should have gotD. would get31.______ very familiar with inspection reports, I realized that somepapers of this one were missing.A. To beB. That wasC. BeingD.So was32.Marco Polo was the first European ever ______ to the East and to returnwith a story to tell.A. travelingB. traveledC. to travelD.who traveling33._____ by the improving economy in the world , many firms have planedto begin negotiations on new itemsA. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged34.Some of us fail to learn that pain is the body’s way of informingthe mind ______ we are doing something wrong, not necessarily ______ something is wrong.A. that, whatB. that, thatC. what, thatD.what, what35.Fighting an artificial greenhouse effect seems to be the greatest ofenvironmental challenges, ________?A. isn’t itB. does itC. doesn’t itD. is it36.Alice was so excited ______ she received an ticket from her friendto attend the concert.A. whereB. thatC. whyD.when37.The new CEO asked that all inter-office munications ______ in writingrather than in person, ______ possible.A. have been made; whoeverB. would be made;whicheverC. be made; wheneverD. were made; whatever38.Never before ______ available for quick and easy access in so manydifferent fields of study.A. so much free information wereB. has so much freeinformation beenC. were so much free informationD. so much freeinformation has been39.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ______ local 5-starhotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. ifB. whenC. whichD.since40._______ talented a man may be, the collective will always be wiserand stronger.A. WhateverB. WhetherC. HoweverD. NomatterSection BDirections:plete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The song " Happy birthday to you" is so simple that children as young as three can sing it without hesitation. The song, with its __41E___ title " Good Morning to You", was written in 1893 by the two sisters, Mildred and Patty Smith Hill. They were the daughters of a(n) __42I___ Kentucky couple, who believed in female education at a time when it was still a(n) __43F__ idea and who trained their two daughters to be schoolteachers.A birthday cake with __44A___ candles is also indispensable at one's birthday party. It may e, __45C___, from the ancient Greek practice of offering to Artemis, goddess of the moon, a round honey cake into which a candle was stuck. After German bakers __46J___ the modern birthday cake in the Middle Ages, a similar __47G___ was adopted for happiness at birthdays.The candle-blowing-out custom may be associated with double meaning at birthdays. Some people believe that each birthday is another steptoward the end, and what we __48B___ at birthday gatherings is not only our growth, but our short life. Thus, candles at birthdays are __49H___ of life and death, hopes and fears, increase and loss, and so on.III. Reading prehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Launching a Life with $10 and a DreamGrowing up on a farm in Tennessee, Larry Young was determined to do something else with his life. His father wanted him to follow in his 50 and refused to help Young go to college.So, with $10 in his pocket, Young set off for Tennessee State University, 51 to register. "I walked up to the bursar's (财务主管) office and 52my two $5 bills up there on the counter," Young says. "I plan to make something out of myself." Young told the school official. He saw this country boy and said, 'But you can't go to school with $10.' Young said, 'But I _53_.’Young was taken to see the school dean, whoasked if he could drive a truck. Young had never driven before, but said yes 54 . He got a job carrying trash.". I didn't know what I was doing, but 55 t he grace of God, I did it. That took care of my tuition, but they didn't know I didn't have a place to stay.""One morning, the matron (女舍监) of the dormitory came up and saw me—between two mattresses in the dormitory, and it scared her. She 56 and cried when I told her my 57 . And afterwards, she gave me everything that I needed.”Young is 58 to say he was the first African American to be the director of food sanitation for the Detroit Health Department.Young remembers a female high school student who came to work at the department. “She was 59 . She came from a family of seven — some of them were on drugs — and she had 60 right to be mad. So I sit her down and I talk to her.”“I said, 'You see this big desk here — it wasn't designed for me. Do you see these 61 ------ way back in the South, in the sticks, I picked cotton. But you see 62 I am today.’And she became a differentperson.”Young ended up 63 her. "It's been over 19 years ago. She'san executive secretary today.“That is the greatest thing I've 64 done in my life. If you justput your arms around people, they will go forward in life.”said Young.50. A. careers B. jobs C. wishes D.footsteps51. A. decided B. determined C. willingD. hoping52. A. placed B. put C. laid D.threw53. A. would like to B. ought to C. have toD. obliged to54. A. somehow B. somewhat C. anyway D.anywhere55. A. by B. for C. onD. with56. A. broke up B. broke off C. broke downD. broke in57. A. life B. father C. experienceD. story58. A. glad B. proud C. satisfiedD. hesitate59. A. hostile B. depressed C. disappointedD. discouraged60. A. each B. no C. everyD. none61. A. arms B. fingers C. handsD. legs62. A. what B. who C. whereD. how63. A. persuading B. refusing C. hiringD. receiving64. A. already B. never C. yet D.ever.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)65. Reading it, we can know that the massage is about _______ of a new kind of coffee.A. the instructionsB. the useC. an advertisementD. good effect66. According to the passage, H. A. G. is a good kind of coffee, because _______.A. it can help people to have a good sleepB. it has been used by continental people for over 50 yearsC. it can make people happy and excitedD. it has no caffeine in it and has no bad effect67. Which of the following is NOT true?A. You can get H. A. G. coffee only in health food stores.B. If you want to try some H. A. G. coffee, you can ask for some samplefrom the pany without paying.C. The writer of passage suggests that the readers should use H. A.G. coffee.D. The writer tells us that H. A. G. coffee is better than other coffee.(B)When I was an education official in Palo Alto, California, Polly Tyner, the president of our school board, wrote a letter that was printed in the Palo Alto Times. Polly’s son, Jim, had great difficulty in school. He was classified as the educationally disabled and required a great deal of patience on the part of his parents and teachers. But Jim was a happy kid with a great smile that lit up the room. His parents knew his academic difficulties, but always tried to help him see his strengths so that he could walk with pride. Shortly after Jim finished high school,he was killed in a motorcycle accident. After his death, his mother sent this letter to the newspaper:Today we buried our 20-year-old son. He was killed instantly in a motorcycle accident on Friday night. How I wish I had known when I talked to him last that it would be the last time. If I had only known I would have said, “Jim, I love you and I’m very proud of you.”I would have taken the time to count the many blessings he brought to the lives of the many who loved him. I would have taken the time to appreciate his beautiful smile, the sound of his laughter, his genuine love of people.When you put all the good qualities on the scale and try to balance all the irritating phenomena such as the radio which was always too loud, the haircut that wasn’t to our liking, the dirty socks under the bed, etc., your angry feelings won’t amount to much.I won’t get another chance to tell my son all that I would have wanted him to hear, but, other parents, you do have a chance. Tell your young people what you would want them to hear if you knew it would be your last conversation. The last time I talked to Jim was the day he died.He called me to say, “Hi, Mom! I just called to say I love you. Got to go to work. Bye.” He gave me something to treasure forever.If there is any purpose at all for Jim’s death, maybe it is to make others appreciate more of life and to have people, especially family members, take the time to let each other know just how much we care.You may never have another chance.68. According to the passage, we know that _______.A. Jim was always ashamed of himselfB. Jim did very well inhis studiesC. Jim’s parents were patient with himD. Jim failed tofinish his high school69. The underlined word “irritating” in Paragraph 4 most probably means _______.A. annoyingB. aggressiveC. impatientD.surprising70. By writing the letter printed in the Palo Alto Times, the author intends to _______.A. mo urn her son’s sudden death in a traffic accidentB. remind people to be cautious of motorcyclesC. tell parents to take better care of their childrenD. suggest people taking the chance to express their love in time71. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. Love your Family.B. Do it Today.C. Walk with Pride.D. Appreciate Smiles.(C)To build a safer car, Japanese automakers are trying to replace the most accident-prone(易出事故的) part: the driver. Inspired by statistics blaming human error for most accidents, Toyota and its petitors are designing "intelligent" cars that can almost drive themselves on the high way.The systems are designed to reduce human tiredness and the mistakes that often result. This kind of support is what drivers need most in a country with some of the most crowded roads in the world. That is why it should not be surprising that Japan is leading the race to make cars smarter.To provide a safer ride, Japanese automakers are turning totechnologies like laser radar and machine vision to replace tired eyes and wondering minds. An infrared(红外线的) radar unit fixed on the bumper is part of a new cruise control method that Toyota introduced in August 1997. It's now an optional feature on its Celsior luxury sedan that costs 70000 yen(US $ 648).The "adaptive" system tracks the car ahead, and slows down or speed up the car automatically to keep a safer distance in highway traffic. The same technology has also been used by some cars made by Toyota's petitors. Subaru, a type of its Legacy wagon, made its first appearance last September with Active Driving Assist(ADA), which besides adjusting cruising speed, sounds an alarm if the car goes out of its lane or makes a turn too fast. In the latter case, it down shifts gear even before the driver starts to brake.An even smarter system is ing from Honda. Called Honda Intelligent Driver Support (HIDS), it "sees" the road through a tiny camera on the windshield and helps steer the car down the middle of lane. A puter picks out lines on the highway surface and touches the car's steering wheel in the right direction. Honda got approval in March to start testing HIDSon the highway and says it will arrive in showrooms in the near future.72 Why are Japanese automakers developing cars that can almost drivethemselves on the highway?A. Because they want to win the car petition.B. Because many accidents resulted from the mistakes made by drivers.C. Because drivers are always tired when driving the car.D. Because people don't want to drive the cars themselves.73. What is the main purpose for the automakers to design the system of the new cars?A. To make them run faster so that they can sell them at higher prices.B. To make them keep to the lane without being controlled.C. To help drivers make fewer mistakes so that accidents can be avoided.D. To use some advanced devices like laser radar and machine vision.74. We can infer from the passage that___.A. accidents always occur in the crowded streetsB. traffic accidents are likely to happen when drivers are tired and carelessC. accidents happen because traffic rules are not obeyedD. many accidents occur because there are no advanced systems75. If you drive the car with HIDS, you will find___.A. your car is always keeping the right directionB. your car is slowed down or sped up automaticallyC. your car is controlled by an infrared radarD. you are always keeping a safer distance on the highwaySection CDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76. _______________BEvery 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one. Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in xx and is the nation's third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a leading serious, long-term disability in the United States77. _______________CStroke is a type of cardiovascular disease. It affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood（and oxygen）it needs, so it starts to die.78. _______________AThe brain is an extremely plex organ that controls various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow can't reach the region thatcontrols a particular body function, that part of the body won't work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it's likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction and the extent of brain tissue affected.79. _______________EThe American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can't control, such as increasing age, family health history, race, and prior stroke. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider's help. Some of these include: high blood pressure, current smoking, heart disease, and high red blood cell count.80. _______________DA stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to newtreatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediatelySection DDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or plete the statements in the fewest possible words.Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even reasonably good at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages much better than they do to their mother tongue is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about undertaking it in the right way.Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself.I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance ofa good accent, tend to ignore the branch of study concerned with speaking the language in their practical teaching. So English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention.It is important that the teacher should possess the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends on after that what use you make of your knowledge; and this is a matter of technique.(Note: Write NO MORE THAN 15 WORDS for each question or statement.)81. According to the writer, the teacher needs ________________________in order to teach pronunciation successfully82. It can be inferred from the passage that many language teachers donot devote enough lesson time to __________________________________________________________________ __.83. What will the author would most probably discuss about in the next paragraph?____________________________________________________________________ _______.84. Why don’t many people speak foreign languages well?__________________________________________________________________________.第II 卷 (共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他太骄傲不肯承认自己的错误。

2021年高三上学期9月开学摸底测试英语试题 Word版含答案第一部分：听力理解(共三节，30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1. How much did the man pay for the car?A. $2,000.B. $4,000.C. $5,000.2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Study music.B. Go to the concert.C. Prepare for the exam.3. Why does the man refuse the woman’s invitation?A. He has no time this weekend.B. He doesn’t like the museum.C. He will go to the museum with his mother.4. Where is the small bathroom?A. Upstairs.B. Next to the kitchen.C. Next to the living room.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Study.B. Sports.C. Work.第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分)听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6. Where does the man want to spend his holidays?A. On Sandy Beach.B. On a golf course.C. On a peaceful beach.7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Classmates.C. Husband and wife.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

2021年高三9月摸底月考英语试题 Word版含答案第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What dessert will the man order?A. Ice cream.B. A chocolate cake.C. Nothing.2. What will the man do this weekend?A. Go to the movies with the woman.B. Celebrate his mom’s birthday.C. Go skiing with his parents.3. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Help him paint his bedroom.B. Make lunch for him.C. Take care of his brother.4. Who is the woman?A. A waitress.B. A doctor.C. Adriver.5. What is the man doing?A. Talking with his boss.B. Having an interview.C. Writing a résumé.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What size shoes did the woman wear last year?A. 6.B. 7.C. 8.7. Why have the woman’s feet been hurting?A. Her shoes were the wrong size.B. She walked too much each day.C. Her shoes were of very low-quality.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

2021年高三上学期9月月考英语试题含答案xx.9.16第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题有阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15B. ￡9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C。

1.What time is it now?A. 9:10B.9:50C.10:002.What does the woman think of the weather?A. It’s nice.B. It’s warm.C. It’s cold.3.What will the man do?A. Attend a meetingB. Give a lectureC. Leave his office4.What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hardB. Worth takingC. Very easy.5.What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louderB. Apologize to herC. Turn off the radio.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给我A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段对话，回答第6、7 题。

6.How long did Michael stay in China?A,Five days. B. One week C.Two weeks7.Where did Michael go last year?A. RussiaB. NorwayC. India听第7段对话，回答第8、9题。

2021年上海市第九中学高三英语月考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI started working with my hands at a young age. The youngest of five brothers, I took on the role as a “maintenance (维修) man” at an early age for our family’s small grocery store. Often my dad wouldn’t give me a clear idea of how something shouldbe done, so I just had to figure it out by researching or through trial and error.Fast forward to 2016 and those problem-solving skills would become the focus of Tippecanoe High School’s Homebuilding class. I knew I wanted to teach the students skills that went beyond just being able to hammer nails or cut pieces of two-by-fours. The problem was that we didn’t have the resources at the time to do much else. The idea of attracting some type of funding seemed very important. Designing, building and selling a tiny house on wheels seemed like the perfect project to accomplishthe task. I reached out to a number of local businesses and most of them responded with the greatest support for what x k w we were doing.This year we added a new element to the program. Through one of our partners, we were able to connect with the nonprofit Veteran’s Ananda Incorporated. Students in the Homebuilding class are leading the design and production of micro houses to be donated to this organization. The new partnership gives the students another focus to consider when designing and building the houses.There has been no shortage of students since our first year. Three years ago we had 41 students, the next 191, and this year it was limited to just over 160 students so we could have a safe and manageable classroom environment. The number of girls taking the class has risen steadily over the last few years as well. This class offers something for everyone and the skills are universal.1. How can we describe the young author?A. He opened a small grocery store.B. He did a lot of research in the lab.C. He enjoyed doing hands-on activities.D. He learnt about maintenance from his father.2. What do the underlined words “the task” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Getting some financial support.B. Selling a tiny house on wheels.C. Reaching out to many local businesses.D. Offering the students some problem-solving skills.3. What can be inferred about the Homebuilding class from the last paragraph?A. Its size needs increasing.B. Itis popular with the students.C. It has caused some safety concerns.D. Its classroom environment is hard to manage.BMasks that helped save lives during the Covid-19 pandemic（疫情）are proving a deadly risk for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in many facial coverings in animal habitats.Single-use masks have been found on the ground, waterways and beaches worldwide since countries required（heir use in public places to slow the pandemic's spread. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to break down. "Face masks aren't going away any time soon-but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals who share our planet," Ashley from anima! rights group PETA said.Monkeys have been found playing with used masks in the hills outsideMalaysia's capitalKuala Lumpur. And in an incident inBritain, a seagull was saved inChelmsfordafter its legs got caught in an abandoned mask for a week.However, the biggest influence is in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6200 extra tons of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group OceansAsia. “Masks and gloves are particularlyproblematicfor sea creatures," says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO. "When those plastics break down in the environment, they form smaller and smaller particles （颗粒）.Those particles then enter the food chain and influence the entire ecosystem,“ he added.Campaigners have urged people to deal with masks properly after using them. OceansAsia has also called on governments to increase punishment for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.4. What bring（s）a great danger to wildlife now?A. Waste masks.B. Covid-19.C. Polluted water.D. Damaged habitats.5. What does the underlined word “problematic”in paragraph 4 mean?A. Important.B. Attractive.C. Common.D. Troubling.6. What can we infer from the text?A. Monkeys learned to wear masks from humans.B. Plastics are less harmful after becoming particles.C. Used masks have a worse effect on sea creatures.D. Waste masks arc the main ocean plastic pollution.7. How should we solve the problem from the last paragraph?A. Keep masks after they' re used.B. Call on governments to stop littering.C. Punish those who wear single-use masks.D. Put used masks in the recycling box.CHappiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions."The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness inU. S.teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the followingdecline in in-person social activities and sleep.8. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?A. Calculating students' happiness.B. Asking students certain questions.C. Analyzing data from a survey.D. Doing experiments on screen time.9. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3?A. By making a comparison.B. By giving an example.C. By making an argument.D. By introducing a concept.10. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A To draw a conclusion from the study.B. To offer some advice to the readers.C. To prove social activities' importance.D. To support the researchers' finding.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Quitting Phones Equals HappinessB. Screen Time Should Be BannedC. Teens' Lives Have Changed SharplyD. Screen-addicted Teens Are UnhappierDThe annual 3-to-4-millimeter rise in sea levels is expected to impact many coastal communities in the coming decades. However, few are as defenceless as the Republic of theMaldives, a collection of more than a thousand picturesque islands in theIndian Ocean. NASA researchers believe that parts of what is “arguably the lowest-lying country in the world” will become uninhabitable by 2050, due to wave-driven flooding and limited freshwater. To fight the unavoidable, the government recently revealed plans for the world's first 'true' floating island city.The aptly-named Maldives Floating City (MFC) is the brainchild of Dutch Docklands, a global leader in floating infrastructure (基建). According to the March 13, 2021, announcement, the new city will be constructed on a 200-hectare lagoon (环礁湖) located just 10 minutes by boat from the Maldivian capital, Male. It will initiallyconsist of a thousand waterfront residences, arranged in a series of honeycomb-like maze rows. The developers plan to add hotels, restaurants, shops, and even a school and a hospital in the near future. The floating structures. will be attached to the surrounding islands, which will form a base and provide protection from high tides.Maldive officials aim to make MFC as self-sufficient as possible. Freshwater storage will provide drinking water for residents, while floating solar blankets and agriculture fields will take care of their energy and food needs.“ThisMaldivesFloatingCitydoes not require any land rehabilitation, therefore has a minimal impact on the coral reefs,” explains Mohamed Nasheed, Speaker of Parliament. “What's more, giant, new reefs will be grown to act as water breakers. In theMaldives,we cannot stop the waves, but we can rise with them.”Construction of the revolutionary city is expected to begin in 2022 and be completed in phases over the next five years. If successful, it will provide a blueprint for other countries facing a similar situation.12. Why doesMaldivesdecide to build MFC?A. It is the lowest-lying country.B. It will be flooded soon.C. It is running out of fresh water.D. It will be unsuitable for living.13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The prospect of MFC.B. The developers of the plan.C. The location of the residences.D. The barriers to the construction.14. What can we infer from the underlined words?A. MFC will keep waves away.B. MFC will make use of waves.C. MFC will adjust to the waves.D. MFC will work as water breakers.15. What's the writing purpose of this passage?A. To introduce a construction program.B. To appeal to people to protect nature.C. To seek international help forMaldives.D. To report the achievement of a city plan,第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市七宝中学2021届高三9月月考英语试题一、句子翻译1．学生在英语写作中词不达意的现象值得每位英语教师关注。

(worth)（汉译英）二、完形填空I recently met a Texan couple whose son was still in diapers. They were seeking to get him into a preschool that 5．_____a private preparatory school with a great record for college admissions.The couple were ambivalent (uncertain) about doing this. They were from immigrant and working-class backgrounds, and had thrived in public schools. In theory, they believed that all children should have an equal chance to succeed. But I 6．_____ that if they got their son a spot in the preschool, they’d take it.It’s a familiar story. Psychologists, sociologists and journalists have spent over a decade critiquing （评论；评判）the habits of “helicopter parents” and their school 7．_____. They insist that hyper-parenting backfires —creating a generation of stressed-out kids who can’t 8．_____ alone. Parents themselves alternate between feeling guilty, panicked and ridiculous.But a new research shows that in our unequal era, this kind of parenting brings life-changing benefits. According to the research, when inequality hit a low in the 1970s, there wasn’t that much of a gap between what someone earned with or without a college degree. Strict parenting 9．_____an era of “permissive parenting” —giving children lots of freedom with little oversight.In the 1980s, however, inequality increased sharply in Western countries, especially the United States, and the gap between white- and blue-collar pay widened. Permissive parenting was replaced by helicopter parenting. Middle- and upper-class parents who’d gone to public schools and spent evenings playing kickball in the neighborhood began elbowing their toddlers into fast-track preschools and spending evenings monitoring their homework and driving them to activities.American parents eventually increased their 10．_____caregiving by about 12 hours a week, compared with the 1970s.Not all the changes were rational. But11．_____, the new parenting efforts seemed effective. When the researchers analyzed the 2012 PISA, an academic test of 15-year-olds around the world, along with reports fromthe teenagers and their parents about how they interact, they found that an “intensive parenting style” correlated with higher scores on the test.It’s not enough just to 12．_____ over your kids, however. If you do it as an “authoritarian” parent — defined as someone who 13．_____ directives, expects children to obey and sometimes hits those who don’t —you won’t get the full benefits.The most effective parents, according to the authors, are “authoritative.” They use reasoning to persuade kids to do things that are good for them. Instead of strict obedience, they emphasize 14．_____, problem-solving and independence — skills that will help their offspring in future workplaces that we can’t even imagine yet.And they seem most successful at helping their kids achieve the holy grails(圣杯) of modern parenting: college and postgraduate degrees, which now have a huge financial payoff.The benefits aren’t just 15．_____. In a British study, kids raised by authoritative parents reported better health and higher self-esteem. In the American study, they were less likely to use drugs, smoke or 16．_____ alcohol.So why wouldn’t everyone just become a(n) 17．_____ parent? Religious people, regardless of their income, are more likely to be authoritarian parents who expect obedience and believe in corporal punishment, the authors found. Working-class and poor parents might not have the leisure time to hover or the budget to pay for activities and expensive schools. And they may 18．_____ feel that they need to prepare their children for jobs in which rule-following matters more than debating skills. Those who can afford to helicopter are probably making things even more unequal for the next generation. Since there’s apparently no 19．_____ to how much people will do for their kids, the prognosis for parenting doesn’t look good. Yet another reason to elect people who’ll make America more equal: We grown-ups can finally stop doing homework.5．A．changes into B．feeds into C．turns into D．transforms into6．A．claimed B．doubted C．suspected D．questioned7．A．obsessions B．associations C．observations D．investigations8．A．mention B．action C．transition D．function9．A．objected to B．contributed to C．gave rise to D．gave way to10．A．hands-down B．hands-off C．hands-on D．hands-over11．A．for all the attention B．for the most part C．within defined areas D．under right supervision12．A．look B．hover C．take D．protect13．A．issues B．figures C．employs D．evaluates14．A．reliability B．probability C．regularity D．adaptability15．A．financial B．physical C．academic D．mental16．A．abuse B．refuse C．counter D．command17．A．permissive B．authoritative C．authoritarian D．helicopter18．A．neutrally B．formally C．rightly D．reluctantly19．A．link B．proof C．comparison D．limit三、阅读理解As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientists at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolingustic Introduction to the Speaker and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thang-mi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials — including photographs, films, tape recording, and field notes — which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded — the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project — Turin has started a campaign to make such documents available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved reconnected with speech communities.20．Many scholars are making efforts to __________.A．promote global languages B．rescue disappearing languagesC．search for language communities D．set up language research organizations21．What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．Having full records of the languages.B．Writing books on languages teaching.C．Telling stories about language users.D．Living with the native speaker.22．What is Turin’s book based on?A．The cultural studies. B．The documents available at Yale.C．His language research in Bhutan. D．His personal experience in Nepal.23．Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?A．Write, sell and donate. B．Record, repair and reward.C．Collect, protect and reconnect. D．Design, experiment and report.The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.Let a programma ble thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixingreflective bricks on your roof.Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year.Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.24．According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________.A．make rooms quieter B．control room temperatureC．turn off the air conditioner D．reduce room air pollution25．We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________.A．planting leafy trees around your homeB．turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your houseC．keeping your south-facing windows open during the dayD．using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs26．According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______.A．using energy-efficient ceiling fansB．sharing cars with others on workdaysC．turning off everything not in useD．reducing 10% of your car trips every yearEarlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the rightquestions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.27．What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A．Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B．Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C．Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D．Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.28．Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A．A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B．A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C．A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D．A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.29．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A．Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B．Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C．Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D．Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.30．The purpose of this article is to ___________.A．argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB．explain the result of a recent scientific studyC．introduce some recent progress in medical researchD．highlight the possible problems of research studies四、语法填空A new study shows that 31．(good) your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things 32．very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings…like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream…or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs…or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. “We found that people with larger capacities remembered more aboutthe music or art, which led to them 33．(get) tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers 34．cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick 35．into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it—it might help them have more fun.Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations 36．we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views 37．(challenge) by other members of society.Face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication 38．(become) one of the dominating factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications 39．local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international news.No longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that 40．(channel) into millions of homes…..五、选词填空You're trying your best to enjoy an evening cookout, but a constant swarm of mosquitoes follows you from grill to poolside. The threat? A pierce to your skin, leaving behind an itchy red welt and possibly even a serious illness. As you swat madly at the pests, you notice that others seem completely unbothered. Could it be that mosquitoes prefer to bite some people over others?The short answer is yes. Mosquitoes do 41．blood-sucking preferences, say the experts. "One in 10 peopleare highly attractive to mosquitoes," reports Jerry Butler, PhD, professor emeritus at the University of Florida. But it's not dinner they're sucking out of you. Female mosquitoes -- males do not bite people -- need human blood to develop 42．eggs. And apparently, not just anyone's will do.Who Mosquitoes Like Best? Although researchers have yet to 43．what mosquitoes consider an ideal hunk (大块) of human flesh, the hunt is on. "There's a tremendous amount of research being conducted on what compounds and odors people exude that might be attractive to mosquitoes," says Joe Conlon, PhD, technical advisor to the American Mosquito Control Association. With 400 different compounds to examine, it's an extremely laborious process. "Researchers are just beginning to 44．the surface," he says.Scientists do know that genetics 45．for an overwhelming 85% of our susceptibility to mosquito bites. They've also identified certain elements of our body chemistry that, when found in excess on the skin's surface, make mosquitoes swarm closer."People with high 46．of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes," Butler tells WebMD．That doesn't necessarily mean that mosquitoes prey on people with higher overall levels of cholesterol, Butler explains. These people simply may be more efficient at processing cholesterol, the byproducts of which remain on the skin's surface.Mosquitoes also 47．people who produce excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, explains entomologist John Edman, PhD, spokesman for the Entomological Society of America. These substances can trigger mosquitoes' sense of smell, luring them to land on 48．victims.But the process of attraction begins long before the landing. Mosquitoes can smell their dinner from a(n) 49．distance of up to 50 meters, explains Edman. This doesn't bode well for people who emit large quantities of carbon dioxide…..Luckily, there are chemical-based mosquito repellents and the soybean oil-based repellent that can help to keep the bite at 50．.六、六选四According to a new study just published in Psychological Science, any one person seen in a group just seems better looking than when viewed alone. The reason: human eyes average things out, and when it comes to faces, average is usually good.51．Facial analysis studies show the symmetry(对称) is almost always regarded as prettier than asymmetry and the most beautiful faces are the ones on which eyes are no more or less than a certain distance apart, and the forehead, chin, cheeks and other features take up no more than a certain share of the whole. It’s the reason thatmodels may be gorgeous but can prove awfully difficult to tell apart.“Perhaps,” says psychological scientist Drew Walker of the University of California, San Diego, in a statement that accompanied the release of the study, “beautiful people are all alike, but every unattractive person isunattrac tive in their own ways.”To test how that plays out in a group setting, Walker and his UCSD collaborator, psychological scientist Edward Vul, recruited 130 undergraduate students and showed them pictures of 100 different men and women. 52．Other times they were cut out to show just one face at a time. Still other times, the faces were taken out of context and arranged on a simple grid (网格) of either four, nine or 16 faces.Consistently, the researchers found, the sole shots were regarded as less attractive than the faces viewed in a group—whether in a real setting or on the grid. This was true regardless of the gender of the subjects and regardless of whether they would broadly be described as following most definitions of attractiveness or unattractiveness. 53．The explanation for the phenomenon, they believe, is the averaging effect and how it works. 54．“Individuals with complementary features—one person with narrow eyes and one person with wide eyes—would enjoy a greater boost in attractiveness when seen together, as compared to groups composed of individuals who have similar features,” Walker and Vul write.A．Both the gorgeous and non- gorgeous improved by being with other people.B．Sometimes the subjects in the pictures were shown as part of a three-person group.C．It turns out that people don’t even need to be in an actual group to look more attractive.D．It’s no secret that our definition of beauty is defined by a very clear set of physical norms.E．A big nose in the company of a small nose does not look bigger still; rather, both noses move closer to the average．F．While being average-looking might seem like a bad thing, the research suggests that’s not necessarily the case for attractiveness.七、概要写作55.“Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally.Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens.Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement b ut from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home.The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time.参考答案1-4【解析】考查短语、名词性从句和时态。