2018-2019学上海中学高三上英语9月摸底考

试卷编号：190042019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷iREAD中学英语测评（命题）研宄中心I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A professor. B. A coach. C. A shop assistant. D. A school librarian.2. A. People often invite him to parties. B. He does not like to attend parties.C. He does not work on Fridays.D. People enjoy his company.4. A. He does not know Amy‟s new phone number.B. He forgot to phone Amy earlier today.C. Amy‟s phone number has not changedD. The woman should ask Amy for the phone number.5. A. He doesn't care about what Professor Smith said.B. Professor Smith will forgive him for his absence.C. He has never missed Professor Smith‟s class.D. Professor Smith was not in class today.6. A. She is going to start a new experiment.B. She is planning to finish the experiment on Friday.C. She has been given more time to finish the experiment.D. She has no plan for when to start the experiment.7. A. Nancy will go play tennis soon.B. He is much less patient than Nancy.C. The woman should play tennis with Nancy.D. Nancy should pick up her bat at the post office.8. A. She thinks the man is funny. B. She got sick from last night‟s dinner.C. She feels better than she did last night.D. She will meet the man for dinner tonight.9. A. He thinks Betty should take a business class.B. He got angry with Betty at the meeting.C. He admires Betty for expressing her opinion.D. He did not understand what Betty said.10. A. He did not pay attention to the time. B. His class lasted longer than usual.C. He got lost on the way to the movie.D. He did not know what time the movie started.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Applying some time in advance. B. Being wealthy enough.C. Owning a restaurant.D. Destroying his own college room.12. A. They cause damage to the place where they meet.B. They have begun to enroll girl students recently.C. They have never been arrested despite what they do.D. They are allowed by the police to break something not so valuable.13. A. Club members are usually young but mature.B. Club members don‟t need to regret their deeds.C. Some from club members have become important people.D. Some former club members actually don‟t like what they did.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The development of the Elm Society. B. Growing new kinds of elm trees.C. The importance of elm trees.D. A problem affecting the American elm.15. A. The extremely dry weather.B. Insects that introduce some bacteria to the tree.C. Nearby stronger trees that get more water.D. Bugs that destroy the trees' roots.16. A. By controlling the carriers of the disease. B. By growing a stronger kind of the elm.C. By watering infected elm trees.D. By cutting down all infected elms. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In a classroom. B. On the beach. C. In a physics lab. D. On the train.18. A. How to walk on the hot sand. B. How to stay cool on a hot day.C. What happened in physics class.D. What is meant by specific heat.19. A. The hot sand. B. The cold water. C. His physics class. D. His college.20. A. Its temperature does not change very much.B. Its specific heat is hard to measure.C. It takes quite a lot of energy to raise its temperature.D. It becomes warmer as it comes in contact with sand.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Let your body do the talking!Y ou‟re going for that all-important interview—for a place in a new school or college, or for anew job. Y ou walk into the room and there they are—the interviewers—waiting to see (21)_________ you are made of?But did you know that the actual words you speak are (22) _________ (important) than the wayyou look，the way you behave? Remember, they won‟t just be listening to you, they‟ll be watchingyou too,（23) _________ (receive) all the messages you send out, consciously or unconsciously. Andthen they‟ll decide whether you are the right person for that place or that job. Nervous? Don‟t be. Relax. Just follow the four points.1. Don‟t cross anything! Keep arms, legs, and feet relaxed a nd uncrossed. People with(24)_________ (fold) arms look they‟re trying to protect themselves from something. They seem (25) _________ (say)41 am not confident.‟2. Make direct eye contact! A void looking away all the time because it makes you look suspicious. Look directly at the people who are asking you questions or who you are talking to.(26)_________ (lower) your head all the time and they won‟t be able to see the enthusiasm in youreyes.3. Mirror their actions! One of the best ways of gaining people's trust and confidence is tomove in the same way as they do. Listen to the speed (27) _________which they‟re talking, and watchthe way they sit or move around. Do the same, but do it slowly at first. Y ou don‟t want them to think you (28) _________ (make) fun of them.4. Use your head! When somebody asks you a question don't just say the first thing(29) _________comes into your head. Think about your answers. Always say to yourself, 4Why arethey asking this question?‟（30) _________when you know that, you‟ll probably be able to give anappropriate answer!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Clash of the dronesLast year, London's Gatwick Airport had to change the course of flights when a drone A 机）was ______31____ flying nearby. In the UK, there were more than 100 incidents involving drones close to airports in 2017—the most ever, and other countries have seen similar increases. Reports of near _____32_____ are at an all-time high.So authorities are eager to find ways to bring down drones safely and reliab ly. But the task is harder than you might think. That‟s why Dutch police and the country‟s Ministry of Justice and Security ______33____a competition designed to test out the tech required to take out a …naughty‟ drone.Nicknamed as the “anti-drone” compet ition, the aim of DroneClash was to home in on a reliable way to draw illegal or ____34______ drones out of the sky. The organisers put up a$30,000 prize for the best idea.In DroneClash, the teams each had to defend a “queen drone” and use “attack drones” to battle their opponents. To reach the queens, the attackers had to travel through the Hallway of Doom Death and Destruction, which included a variety of counter-drone ______35____ such as bright lights，smoke and a net launcher. “DroneClash is like Robo t Wars in the air, ‟‟ says Bart Remes at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, one of the competition‟s organisers.Teams could score points for taking down other drones, but____36______points were awarded for stopping drones, grabbing them and safely placing them in a nearby box. Although many teams were keeping their ____37______ secret, some had developed methods for safely drawing drones out of the air in an attempt to get the largest number of points, says Remes.Although the event was _____38_____ to be fun, DroneClash has a more _____39_____side. “I know of one incidence where an ambulance helicopter couldn‟t land because of a drone flying,” says Wiebes. "A UK Department of Transport study last year showed that even a small drone may damage a plane‟s windshield. “We are a(n) ______40____ believer in drones and how they will improve society:‟ says Remes. “But there also need to be no go zones where we can do something against drones for public safety.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I‟ve been fascinated by happiness most of my life. When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways which I, as a child, thought strange. _____41_____, I decidedto understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study ____42______.On arrival at the University of Chicago fifty years ago, I was______43____ to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a laboratory. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. Although my original aim had been to achieve happiness for myself, I became more_____44_____. I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy also. I_____45_____ by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, ______46____ things that just brought them financial rewards.Later, I ____47______the study by inventing a system called …the experience sampling method‟. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they_____48_____ where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people and the answers are consistent (一致的)as with_____49_____ people,ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.After carrying out thirty years of research and writing eighteen books, I believe I have _____50_____ that happiness is quite different from what most people imagine. It is not something that can be bought or collected. People need more than just wealth and comfort in order to lead happy lives. I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense _____51_____. This must be the main reasonwhy activities such as music, art, literature and sports have survived. In order to concentrate, whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that _____52_____your ability. The way to remain continually ____53______therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older you have to find new challenges, which are more appropriate to your age.I have spent my life studying happiness and now, as I look back, I wonder if I have ______54____ it. Overall, I think I have and my belief that I have found the____55______ to its secret has increased my happiness immeasurably.41. A. On the whole B. As a result C. To some degree D. In the meanwhile42. A. physiology B. art C. medicine D. psychology43. A. disappointed B. amazed C. relieved D. annoyed44. A. sympathetic B. ambitious C. idealistic D. doubtful45. A. took off B. stood up C. started out D. broke through46. A. not to mention B. as well as C. rather than D. in favour of47. A. expanded B. interpreted C. completed D. evaluated48. A. made up B. objected to C. depended on D. wrote down49. A. creative B. diligent C. common D. important50. A. implied B. proved C. promised D. questioned51. A. awareness B. pressure C. concentration D. desire52. A. affects B. reveals C. underrates D. matches53. A. enduring B. attentive C. original D. happy54. A. achieved B. deserved C. considered D. struck55. A. references B. solutions C. keys D. linksSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that November 24 and 25, 2005 are important dates in the history of modem medicine. At that time, a team of surgeons in France achieved a medical breakthrough when they succeeded in performing the first partial face transplant.A38-year-old Frenchwoman, Isabelle Dinoire, had been badly disfigured when her dogtried to wake her after she had taken some sleeping pills. After the dog's 'attack9, she had terrible injuries. She had lost most of her nose, lips and chin. As a result, she had difficulty eating and drinking. The doctors at the hospital decided to improve the quality of her life by giving her a partial face transplant.Ms Dinoire is making a good recovery after her operation. However, she will have to take drugs for many years to come so that her body does not reject the new face tissue. No one really knows what the effects of these drugs will be on her health in the long term. She will probably also need psychological treatment as she adjusts to her 4new face\Dr Jean-Michel Dubemard, a leading transplant expert who participated in the surgery, explained that the woman's face 'will not exactly resemble her face before, but neither will it completely resemble that of the donor.‟ He said.While some people approve of the operation, others have been more critical. They question whether Ms Dinoire was able to agree to the operation when she was in such an emotional state at the time. Other medical experts say that the team should have tried more traditional reconstruction surgery before risking a face transplant.The operation was the first partial face transplant using skin from another person. Apparently, skin from another person‟s face is usually a better match than skin from another part of the patient‟s body.Since the French operation, surgeons in other countries have received permission to perform face transplants. In a few years, time, surgeons in other countries will probably have carried out many such transplants, and the debate about face transplants will undoubtedly continue.56. What difficulty may Isabelle Dinoire have in the coming years?A. She may start to learn how to eat and drink again.B. She may need several more operations to recover.C. She may meet with some mental problems.D. She may have to get used to another person‟s face.57. What is special about the operation?A. It fails to take the difference between the patient‟s face and the donor‟s into account.B. It was intended to give other countries an example for how to do face transplant.C. No permission from the authorities had been given before it was performed.D. No operation has been carried out before by using a donor‟s face skin.58. Why do some people object to such an operation?A. It costs more than traditional face surgery.B. It may not be of the patient^ own will.C. It has no official regulations to follow.D. It requires doctors' strong emotion.59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The debate over the face transplant.B. The world's first partial face transplant.C. The advantage and disadvantages of face transplants.D. The patient that has undergone a partial face transplant.(B)1. A Beijing woman is so angry with a local cinema that she is suing (^i^) them for wasting her time. Chen Xiaomei is suing the cinema's owners because she was not warned about the 20 minutes of adverts and trailers before the main feature. She is demanding a full refund (35 yuan), a certain amount of money to make up for emotional damage and a written apology. In addition, Xiaomei now says that length of advertisements should be published on its website. In total, they should be less than five minutes, she believes.2. Terrified by the latest horror film? Or in tears at the latest romantic comedy?Soon advertisers will be able to see your reaction to a film, so that adverts can be changed to make them more effective. Technology is now being developed which can capture how the cinema audience reacts. It will give film directors and advertisers useful information about what audiences enjoy and what captures their attention,* says the inventor, Dr Abdul Farooq. The technology will also be used to find pirates who secretly record films and then sell them illegally.3. A German DJ has broken the record for the world‟s longest non-stop radio show. Dominik Schollmayer, 26, ran his show for 169 hours on end, beating the previous record by one hour. Schollmayer was observed by doctors all through his broadcast: they said that the DJ had gone …completely mad‟ and was dancing like a crazy man‟ in the last few hours. At the end, Schollmayer said he was …totally exhausted‟.60. The best title of _______ might be “Who‟s watching the audience?”A. story 1B. story 2C. story 3D. story 461. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the stories above?A. Chen Xiaomei holds that there shouldn‟t be adve rtisements before a filmB. Those who sell films illegally often skip the advertisements.C. The previous record of the world‟s longest non-stop radio show was 168 hours.D. Kim Perez knew she would be proposed to before the weather forecast started.62. Where are the stories above most likely to appear?A. In a newspaperB. In an advertising leafletC. In a travel guideD. In an instruction mamual(C)Neuro-technology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In “Neuromancer”,a wildly inventive book by William Gibson written in 1984，people can use neural(神经的）implants to get into the sensory experiences of others. Iain M. Banks came up with the idea of a neural lace, a mesh（网格）that grows into the brain，in his “Culture” series of novels.“The Terminal Man*' by Michael Crichton, published in 1972, imagines the effects of a brain implant on someone who is convinced that machines are taking over from humans.Where the sci-fi led, philosophers are now starting to follow. In Howard Chizeck‟s l ab at the University of Washington, researchers are working on an implanted device to administer deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in order to treat a common movement disorder called essential tremor. Traditionally, DBS stimulation is always on, wasting energy and robbing the patient of asense of control. The lab‟s ethicist (伦理学家), Tim Brown, a doctoral student of philosophy, says that some DBS patients suffer a sense of isolation and complain of feeling like a robot.To change that, the team at the University of Washington is using neuronal activity associated with intentional movements to turn the device on. But the researchers also want to enable patients to use a conscious thought process to override these settings. That is more useful than it might sound: stimulation currents for essential tremor can cause side-effects like distorted speech, so someone about to give a presentation, say, might wish to shake rather than make his words unclear. Giving humans more options of this sort will be essential if some of the more advanced visions for brain-computer interfaces are to be realized. Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is another ethicist who works on a BCI project. One of her jobs is to think through the distinctions between inner speech and public speech: people need a dependable mechanism for separating what they want to say from what they think.That is only one of many ethical questions that the sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces bring up. What protection will BCIs offer against neural hacking? Who owns neural data, including information that is gathered for research purposes now but may be understandable in detail at some point in the future? Where does accountability lie if a user does something wrong? And if brain implants are performed not for treatment but to improve peopled abilities, will that make the world an even more unequal place?63. What do the three books mentioned in paragraph 1 have in common?A. They are all among what philosophers like best.B. They all tell the stories well beyond imagination.C. They are all works of the greatest sci-fi writers of the time.D. They all deal with people‟s losing control of their brains.64. The research of the team at the University of Washington is intended to .A. improve the accuracy of DBSB. let patients decide when to turn on DBSC. separate what we think from what we sayD. get rid of the side effects of stimulation currents65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Neuronal activity fails to work without intentional movements.B. Brain-computer interfaces do more harm than good.C. People suffering from essential tremor will shake.D. DBS settings cannot be changed once fixed.66. What will the passage most probably talk about next?A. How these questions will be handled.B. Why these questions used to be ignored.C. Which questions come from science fiction.D. Who has first raised these questions.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentencecan be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The World’s Worst AirportLike expensive watches that never break, the world‟s best airports can be boring. Y ou land, breeze through passport control and check into a hotel within minutes. The experience is pleasant, but not memorable. _______67______ To adapt Tolstoy, lovely airports are all alike, but every (不幸的）airport is wretched in its own way.Consider Juba, the airport in South Sudani capital, which is a hot tent. Planes are often late, so passengers must sweat for hours. The departure hall has no toilets, no food and no queuing system. Lucky is the traveller who finds a chair that is only half-broken. Since dirty water and tropical diseases are common, so are upset stomachs. Tough luck. Travellers should have thought twice before eating salad._________68____ Big important people's servants carry their bags, which are ostentatiously (卖弄地) passed round, not through, the scanner. Since the machine seldom works, little people are in effect up- graded to big important status by not having their bags scanned for guns and explosives, either.South Sudan is at war, so many UN planes take off from Juba carrying aid workers and emergency supplies. _______69______ When a journalist was booked on a UN flight, he was assured by the government that his papers were in order. Y et at the airport he was told to get a fourth permit, as well as the three expensive ones he had already obtained. This required a trip across town. Predictably, he missed his plane.Juba has three terminals, but only one is in use. After South Sudan became independent in 2011, the government planned to build an airy structure of glass, steel and concrete. ______70_______In 2016 the government decided to build a more modest terminal. But it, too, stands half-completed and empty, next to the tented camp that people actually have to use. Travellers are advised to bring a good, long book.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Rubbish on the roof of the worldY ou might think that the top of Mountain Everest, the highest point in the world, would be one of the few places left on the planet that is free from human rubbish. Y ou'd be wrong. In fact, the mountain is covered with the litter left behind by the thousands of climbers who have reached the peak over the last 50 years.Climbing Mount Everest is a tough task that requires a lot of equipment. Oxygen tanks,tents, sleeping bags and food and water supplies are all necessary for a successful ascent. Once climbers have reached the top, they no longer need as much equipment and there is little reason to carry heavy loads back down the mountain, so the temptation is to leave everything behind. In the days when climbing the mountain was a rare occurrence this wasn't a problem. But now, with more than 40 people getting to the top on some days, the amount of litter has become unacceptable.Recently, many well-known mountaineers have been complaining about the problem and Sir Edmund Hillary (1919-2008), the first man to climb Mount Everest (with Tenzing Norgay in 1953), called for a five-year ban on climbing the summit. But thousands of local people rely on the tourism and the government of Nepal is keen to encourage visitors rather than put them off.But now the government of Nepal, in the face of international criticism, has decided to take action. Each expedition that wants to climb the mountain has to play a $4,000 deposit to the Nepalese authorities. The deposit is refunded if the climbers bring their rubbish back down the mountain. Climbers are also encouraged to use metal containers rather than plastic or glass. These can be crushed once they are empty and then recycled by local business which turn them into knives and forks.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.重要的是坚持下去的勇气。

2018-2019学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷第I卷第一部分：英语听力（共两节，共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分。

）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. At a nursery.B. In a laundry. C . In a library.2. When are Jenny’s parents coming?A. In April.B. In June.C. In February.3. What will the woman probably do?A. Buy the writer’s new book.B. Go to visit the writer.C. Write a book review4. What does the man mean?A. The lady’s room is a long way from here.B. The woman has to sign up for using the lady’s room.C. The woman is not able to use the lady’s room right now.5. Why won’t the woman eat any more?A. She is losing weight.B. She isn’t feeling well.C. She has had enough.第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。

2018学年松江区上师大附中高三第一学期英语摸底考试卷I. Listening Comprehension (30%)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (26%)（A）We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. Both of them (25)__________(dress) them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was (26)__________(join) Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang.The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of guests. Each of the (27)__________ made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big "to do" over the younger one because she's the one (28)__________ seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But it is we parents (29)__________ seldom think of how it might affect the other child.I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner (30)__________ I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom,(31)__________(cry). I said, "What are you doing, my dear?" She turned to me with a sad expression and said, "Mommy, why don't people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I'm not pretty? Is that (32)_________ they don't say nice things about me as much?" I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel (33)__________(good). Now, (34)__________ I visit a friend's home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first.（B）Increasing dependence on iPads, computers and smartphones has left many young people with an eye problem that usually affects those much older.Millions are developing ‘dry eye’, a condition that results in gritty, itchy, inflamed(发炎的) eyes, (35) __________ __________ hours staring at a screen.When we use such devices, the mind focuses so strongly on the screen we(36)__________ can ‘forget’ to blink, according to dry eye specialist Dr Christine Purslow. This can affect the eye’s lubrication system, she said.We normally blink 12-15 times a minute, but using a computer screen (37)__________ cut this to seven or eight a minute. This leaves the tear film – the lubricating substance that protects the surface of the eye – not working properly.About 30 per cent of those over 50 have dry eye but numbers are rising, with many more young people (38)__________(affect).Younger people (39)__________(experience) problem nowadays because of the modern office, with computers and air-conditioners making it worse,as well as home use of display screens.‘As (40)__________ nation we are getting older, which means the proportion sufferingage-related dry eye is increasing,’ Dr Purslow said.Section BModern inventions have speeded up people’s loves amazing. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, __41__cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at __42__ speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts of saving __43__ seconds in handling tasks.All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the __44__ feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone. Again, speeding too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists; too much use may send harmful radiation into our brains, a __45__ we do not like to think about.However , what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to __46__ activities that we find it difficulty to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the __47__ of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might __48__ a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they __49__ with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern __50__ has freed people from that primitive(原古的)existence.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages. Most language learning s kills, __51__, are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline and self-awareness. But, some of them are not good enough. Here are the three most common __52__ language learners ma ke and how to correct them.Not listening enoughThere’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning __53__ a ―sile nt period‖. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language lear ners need to practise listening in order to learn. This can develop learned vocabulary and structures, and help learners see patterns in language.Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be __54__ to practis e unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcas ts, TV shows and movies in the __55__ language, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible.A single methodSome learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat drills of a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to __56__ a foreign tongue. Each of these approaches is fine, but it’s a mistake to rely on only one. Language learners who use __57__ methods get to practise different s kills and see concepts explained in different ways. What’s more, the __58__ can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learners should seek a course th at __59__ the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking). For self-study, try a _ _60__ of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps.__61__It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of __62__ or insecurity hinder（阻碍）all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too __63__ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would __64__ them.The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors __65__ they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve.51. A. however B. moreover C. furthermore D. therefore52. A. successes B. wonders C. mistakes D. contributions53. A. picks up B. begins with C. takes up D. meets with54. A. efficient B. difficult C. easy D. ideal55. A. national B. official C. sign D. target56. A. make sense of B. make use of C. make profit of D. make fun of57. A. common B. educational C. permanent D. multiple58. A. variety B. change C. improvement D. alternative59. A. postpones B. lacks C. assesses D. practises60. A. selection B. preference C. combination D. replacement61. A. Complaints B. Fear C. Secure D. Diligence62. A. humor B. shyness C. achievements D. laughter63. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of64. A. amuse B. inform C. remind D. embarrass65. A. if B. before C. in case D. so thatSection BDirections: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or furnished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports. The key is to find one that matches your interests and natural abilities. If you like to walk, keep walking-on snowshoes. If you want to try an endurance sport, go for cross-country skiing. Besides, snowboarding is just great fun.Not satisfied with these? Try downhill skiing, then. Downhill skiing is not as hard as it used to be ― shorter, lightweight, curved skis make any beginner feel like an Olympic winner. These newer skis ― along with another type of equipment called skiboards, which are even shorter than skis ― help you control your speed and body movements.Consider testing the latest high-tech skis or snowboards？Check with your local sports shops or the rental places at the ski mountains about sample programs.You could also try sledding. Use a wood-framed sled with steel runners or a plastic sled to head down a snowy hill. If you prefer ice to snow, think hockey or figure skating.Runners can also train during the winter in spite of wet or slippery roads. One of the easiest sports around, snowshoeing can be excellent cold-weather cross-training for runners and cyclists ― or anyone wanting to take a wintry walk in the woods. Snowshoes are smaller, lighter, and better than ever. If you want to try them out, you may be able to rent a pair for a day at many of the larger outdoor or sporting goods stores.Whatever sport you choose, don’t rely on a friend for instruction. You wouldn’t let an inexperienced doctor perform a brain operation on you, but why let one teach you to ski or skate? That’s what instructors are for ― to help newcomers start out right. Instructors can give you advice about equipment, techniques, safety, and dealing with injuries if they do happen to you.Above all, if you want to progress, invest your time in learning the basic skills thoroughly. Everything else you do as a skier, boarder, or skater will be built on these first skills.66. How many different types of sports are mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. Six.B. Five.C. Four.D. Three.68. What can we learn from the passage?A. Runners and cyclists cannot train because of the wet or slippery roads in winter.B. Downhill skiing used to be more difficult to learn because of the old-fashioned skis.C. People can rent snowshoes for a day at their local sports shops or the rental places.D. In general, first skills are more important in skiing than in snowboarding or skating.69. What does the sentence “You wouldn’t let an inexperienced doctor pe rform a brain operation on you, but why let one teach you to ski or skate?” imply?A. Don’t let an inexperienced doctor perform an operation on you when injured.B. You may have a brain operation if you ski or skate with a newcomer.C. Instructors can give better advice on skiing and skating than your friends do.D. It’s dangerous to have an inexpert person teach you to ski or skate.70.Who are the most likely readers of the passage?A. High school students.B. Physical educators.C. Winter sports lovers.D. Professional athletes(B)New Zealand Education~ Compulsory EducationCompulsory education starts at age and ends at age 16.The day children turn 5,they are expected to start school. They can leave school as soon as they reach 16.~ Class SizeThe maximum number of students in a class is 30 students.~ ClassroomsStudents from year 0—8 stay in the same classroom for most subjects and move to other classrooms only for specific subjects. Even when they move from one classroom to another, they mostly stay together as a class. In year 9, students take some courses with their homeroom class and some optional classes with students from different classes. Starting from year 10, students no longer stay in the same classroom most of the time nor do they move around with their classes. They go to different classes based on their own choice and abilities.~ Term DatesA school year starts in January and ends in December. There are four terms in a year. Each term is about 10 weeks.~ Class ScheduleSchool starts at around 8:30 and ends at 15:15. There are only five periods a day and a period is about an hour long. In the morning, around 10:30, there will be a 20—30 minute interval when students and staff have morning tea. Students usually have some snacks during this time, and staff gathers in the staff room to drink coffee and eat some snacks. There is a lunch period at around 12:40 for about an hour.~ TeachersIn New Zealand, teachers have to teach students of different year level at the same time. Most teachers teach students from at least three to four different year levels. In addition, quite a number of teachers teach more than one subject. This is mainly due to the fact that many courses are optional.70. This passage is most probably taken from _____.A. an educational bookletB. a school websiteC. a traveling guideD.an academic report71. When you are in your 10th school year, you may _____.A. stay with your classmates in the same classroom for all the subjectsB. choose and take some optional courses with your homeroom classC. have both required and optional classes with the same classmatesD. choose different classes based on your own choice and abilities72. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You are obliged to leave school when you are 16 in New Zealand.B. The total of school time per year is about 40 weeks in New Zealand.C. Students have a 20—30 minute interval between each period in New ZealandD. Most teachers in New Zealand teach one subject for at least three to four years.(C)Will young people in the future get the same kind of higher education as they do today?Perhaps no Bill Gates, for one, thinks the idea of a college education is on the way out.“Five years from now on the Web of free you’ll be ab le to find the best lectures in the world, said the 55-year-old Microsoft chairman at the Techonomy conference in california. US, last month. “It will be better than any single university.” he continued. Gates points out the high expense of cllege tuition fees and argues that textbooks are of lower quality than resources available online.Online technology is the only way to reform education and to expand it, Gates claims although he certainly has an interest in its increased use.Google has now scanned and made available online 7 million books and Wikipedia is the world’s largest ever encyclopedia(百科全书). Changes such as these are altering the way people share information.“suddenly, it is possible to imagine a new model of education using online reso urces to serve more students, more cheaply than ever before.” Anya Kamentetz wrote, in an article for the magazine Fast Company.The author thinks that traditional universities will find themselves on the wrong side of history, along with print newspapers and record stores. A Professor of Brigham Young University in US, agrees.” if universities can’t find the will to innovate and adapt to changes in the world around them, universities will be irrelevant by 2180.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology put coursework online for free in 2001. Today, there are a great many educational websites, offering video and audio lectures by the best professors in their fields for free.With more university course materials available on the Web, education is ch anging fast. “The old model of education is no longer sustainable(可持续的). The university of the future can’t be far away,” Kamenetz concluded.But there are worries.“I see a problem with online lectures. Learners have access to games, blogs and other sites at aclick of a button. Those are more fun than a lecture. Being in a classroom at least makes them more focused on the lecture,” said one student in Wuhan.Gates also commented that students would need to be as hard-working as ever: “ Well, prov ided they’re self-motivated learners.”pared with college education today, online resources _________.A are inexpensive and allow a course to combine a wide range of subjects.B allow students to learn and play at the same time.C are of better qualit y and meet students’ needs better.D emphasize the improvement of students’ practical skills.75.The underlined word “irrelevant” in paragraph 6 could be replaced by_______.A in a fine conditionB beside the pointC behind the timesD no longer existent76.Which of the following is TRUE of Gates’ idea of higher education?A Universities will still be essential in the near future.B A university education on its own will not be enough in the future.C Online universities will definitely replace place-based universities.D College students need to work hard if they are to make full use of online resources.77.What’s the best title of the passage?A Present Education ModeB Future Online EducationC Ongoing College InnovationD V aluable Web Resources（D）MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are free, but without tutoring, and are open to anyone, anywhere inthe world. The courses are flexible – normally three to five hours of study a week – done at any time, short (5 to 10 weeks) and video-rich. They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing: you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums, discussion boards and peer review. Students don't have to finish the courses, pass assessments or do assignments, but, if they do, they get a certification of participation.The Open University launched FutureLearn, the UK's answer to US platforms such as Coursera, EdX and Udacity, which have been offering MOOCs from top US universities for the past two years. The response has been incredible, with more than three million people registering worldwide. Meanwhile, in 2018, Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to joinCoursera's partnership, comprising 13 universities. “We already run 50 online master's degrees, so this was a logical expansion,” says Professor Jeff Haywood, Edinburgh's vice-principal. “It's an investment in teaching methods research. How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to 100,000 people? That's what I call educational R&D.” He adds “If you look ahead 10 years, you'd expect all students graduating to have taken some online courses, so you've got to research that. Our MOOCs are no more in competition with our degrees than a lifelong learning course because they don't carry cred its.”Cooperation is key, Haywood stresses. It is far better to offer 20-30 courses in your own areas of expertise (专门技能) and let other institutions do likewise. Professor Mike Sharples, FutureLearn's academic lead, goes further: “We've tied the elemen ts available before into a package of courses offered by leading universities worldwide on a new software platform, with a new way of promoting it and also a new social-learning teaching method. You won't just receive an exam, but be able to discuss and ma rk each other's assignments.”Bath University, one of more than 20 universities working with FutureLearn, launches its first course, Inside Cancer, next January, and regards MOOCs as a way of breaking down age barriers. "There's no reason why someone doing GCSEs should not look at our MOOCs and get quite a way through them, or someone at PhD level and beyond," says Professor Bernie Morley, expert for learning and teaching.78. MOOCs have these features EXCEPT that_______.A. MOOCs are free of charge for anyoneB. MOOCs can be adjusted according to people’s learning paceC. MOOCs provide teachers’ instructions if you have some difficultyD. MOOCs have a platform for learners to share their learning experience79. The response to FutureLearn has been thought to be unbelievable because ______.A. all the courses on the platform are available to anyone in the worldB. Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join itC. the number of people registering in the platform is beyond expectationD. students can get a certification of participation without passing assessments80. What can be inferred from Professor Bernie Morley in the last paragraph?A. People with various learning levels will probably show interest in MOOCs.B. People at PhD level have already known everything about MOOCs.C. Inside Cancer will be the most popular course for someone doing GCSEs.D. MOOCs are not so competitive as lifelong learning courses due to the problems ofcredits.81. The passage mainly deals with _____.A. the various opinions on FutureLearnB. the advantages of online teaching methodsC. the popularity of no-credit coursesD. the emergence of a new learning platformI. Translation. (22%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.阅读英文报能使我们接触大量的词汇。

2018届高三上学期9月阶段检测英语试题（满分150分，时间90分钟）阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A.King's College Summer SchoolKing's College Summer School is an annual training program for high school students at all levels that w ant to improve their English. The teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York give courses. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year's summer school will be from July 25 to August1. You can most probably read the text in _____.A. a newspaperB. a travel guideC. a textbookD. a telephone book2. Which of the following is true about King's College Summer School?A. Only top students can take part in the program.B. Only the teachers of King' s College give courses.C. King' s College Summer School is run every other year.D. Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program.3. If you are to live with your relatives in New York, you will have to pay the school _____.A. $200B. $400C. $500D. $9004. What information can you get from the text?A. The program will last two months.B. You can write to Thompson only in English.C. You can get in touch with the school by e-mail or by telephone.D. As a Chinese student, you can send your application on July 14, 2017.B.In his new show, Evan Ruggiero plays guitar, sings pop standards and shows everybody his fine footwork. What makes all of these especially unusual is that Ruggiero, 24, has only one leg.When he was a 19-year-old musical theater student at New Jersey's MontclairStateUniversity, Ruggiero had a rare bone cancer in his right leg. Finally his leg would have to be amputated（截）below the knee.Such a setback could have easily ended the career of a less tough person, but Ruggiero, who has been dancing since he was five, now puts the experience into his performance. His show, "The One-Legged Song and Dance Man: Volume 3", explains how he returned to dance just 18 months after the amputation. His dance now relies on the use of a peg leg(假肢),he explains.The secret to his surprising success, he says, was being a "stubborn" patient who refused to give up on his dance and performing studies, despite the advice of his doctor.“It was a real setback, but after it was all over, I said, ' You know what? I need to pick up right where I left off and continue my career, '” Ruggiero said. Ruggiero has come to view his peg leg as an instrument. "Tap dancers-they're always calling themselves musicians, and their feet are their instrument, " he said.Noting that many audience members will never have seen a one-legged dancer before coming to his show, Ruggiero says he won't shy away from the physical "weakness" his performance shows because of his condition."A lot of people have come up to me, and they always say, 'You're such a role model and an inspiration, ' "he said. "I'm honored when people say that, of course, but I'm just trying to get on with my life."5. What makes Ruggiero's new show unusual?A. One-legged dance.B. His own artworks.C. The use of instrument.D. Songs of pop standard.6. According to the passage, it is true that__________.A. Ruggiero is a tough person with a strong willB. the setback has ended Ruggiero's dance careerC. Ruggiero is dancing relying on others' supportD. his doctor agreed he kept on dancing and studying。

2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语〔9月〕1. 考生注意：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷〔选择题〕、第Ⅱ卷〔非选择题〕和第Ⅲ卷〔听力〕三部分，总分值150分。

2. 试卷书写标准工整，卷面整洁清楚，酌情减1-5分，并计入总分。

题型比例题号与分值基础题对应题号(分值) 一、二35分三、四、五80分六、七35分一、二、三、七105分 12,13,14,154分七25分第I卷选择题〔共两节总分值45分〕一、单项填空〔共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分〕〔基础题〕1. ---Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s oral class this morning.--- _______? As far as I know, he never comes late to class.A. How comeB. Why notC. So whatD. What is it2. ---Can I help you?---I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, _______ at the proper price but of great value.A. That B .everything C. one D. this3. ---Tom has made great progress recently.--- _______, and_______.A. So he has; so have youB. So has he, so have youC. So he has; so you have `D. So has he; so you have4. He made up his mind to devote all he had to_______ those poor children.A. helpB. helpingC. have helpedD. having helped5. ---Hi, Mary! It’s good to see you. How is everything going?--- _______.A. That’s all right.B. Not too bad.C. It’s nothing.D. Sounds good.6. It was the first time that the doctor _______ making a mistake concerning the patient.A. admittedB. had admittedC. has admittedD. would admit7. _______ in the traffic jam, I usually set out at 7:00 in the morning from home by car..A. To avoid to be caughtB. To avoid being caughtC. Avoiding being caughtD. Avoid to be caught8. ---With his leg _______ in the game, I’m afraid Tony can’t take part in the next match.---I _______ his home the other day, and his mum said he was still in hospital.A. injuring; have contactedB. being injured; have contactedC. to be injured; contactedD. injured; contacted9. A good teacher must______ to his students the importance of a proper learning method.A. get acrossB. get throughC. get awayD. get over10. The Olympic Sports Center _______at present in the city and is said to be open to the public in 2019A. is builtB. has builtC. is being builtD. will be built11._______ other countries, China is abundant in natural resources.A. Compare withB. Comparing toC. Comparing withD. Compared with〔易混易错辨析〕单项选择题组(一)12. I would rather you_______ at the moment so that we can hear the speech.13. I would rather _______ than go out at the weekend.A. keep quietB. kept quietC. stay at homeD. you stay at home.〔易混易错辨析〕单项选择题组(二)14. We all hope that you can _______ a better plan than this one.15. The fire was finally _______ with the firefighter’s efforts.A. put forwardB. put upC. put offD. put out二、完形填空〔共20小题；每题1分，总分值20分〕〔基础题〕Almost everything was fantastic in the camp except for a girl, Elizabeth. When I saw her sitting alone in the hot sun at lunch, I asked her to eat with us undera 16 tree. However, Elizabeth refused my kind 17 , When we invited her toplay volleyball with us, Elizabeth 18 our invitation, too. After a fewmore 19 refusals like that, I 20 to stay away from ElizabethIt 21 that we were going on a hike and our instructor paired everyone up with a partner. 22 who my partner turned out to be. It was Elizabeth!“What do you like to do for fun?”I asked, trying to make small 23 as we started out. “I like to 24 in peace and quiet,”Elizabeth 25 . So we had the quietest and most peaceful hike in the world 26 we saw a bird. “I think his wing is hurt. Poor little bird, Elizabeth said 27 . “He might be taking a rest over there.”I said. Elizabeth nodded. Then she whispered, “But what if he's in 28 , like my granddad?”“Your granddad? ”I said. “He 29 and broke his leg the day the camp started. He's 30 in hospital and is in so much pain,”Elizabeth explained. I noticed she was crying. “I m sorry for what I have done. For some reason, whenever I get really sad, I act rudely and want to be 31 ,”she added“I get it,”I said. “I don't always know how to 32 it when I'm feeling down, either. ”“Thanks, ”she said, wiping off her 33 .After that, Elizabeth seemed to get along well with us, and I think sheactually 34 the last few days of the camp.Next time, if someone is unfriendly, give him a second 35 . Maybe he's going through a tough time and just doesn't know how to deal with it16. A. tall B. warm C. shady D. pretty17. A. help B. suggestion C. order D. symbol18. A. turned over B. turned in C. turned down D. turned out19. A. unfriendly B. unfair C. unfit D. uncertain20. A. impressed B. decided C. pretended D. admitted21. A. happened B. seemed C. likely D. appeared22. A. Suppose B. Survey C. Dissolve D. Guess23. A. changes B. adjustment C. exchanges D. talk24. A. jog B. walk C. aim D. work25. A. commented B. replied C. complained D. insisted26. A. until B. unless C. though D. since27. A. frequently B. luckily C. sadly D. coldly28. A. pain B. silence C. peace D. permission29. A. appreciated B. fell C. lay D. copied30. A. yet B. already C. still D. ever31. A. independent B. kind C. unique D. alone32. A. concentrate B. defend C. handle D. react33. A. tears B. sweat C. kisses D. face34. A. avoided B. enjoyed C. starved D. expanded35. A. try B. approach C. life D. chance三、阅读理解〔共20小题；每题2.5分，总分值50分〕(中档题)阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。

上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语摸底考试卷命题：廖智敏审核：朱雪艳II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (1)__________our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants (2) __________ (make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun (3) __________ (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (4)__________they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is (5) __________ (great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without (6) __________ (damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is (7) __________it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered (8)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet (9) __________men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage (10) __________ (do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Before I went to the British Koi Keepers’ Annual Show, I didn’t understand(1)______ people could take fish so seriously. However, the more I learned about koi, the more interested I became. As one expert told me, “Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calmi ng to watch.” Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed----the pool in his specially built Japanese garden was home to 89 koi, (2) __________ cost up to £10,000 each.At the show I met koi euthusiast Jean Kelly. “Koi are getting more and more expensive,” she told me. “One recently sold for £250,000.” I was shocked-----that’s almost as much as I paid for my house. “Well, that was a record,” (3) __________ (admit) Jean. “The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.”Nevertheless, serious collectors can pay up to ￡15,000 for a fully (4)_______ (grow) koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car, and the bigger they are, the more they cost. The cheapest I (5)________ find was ￡75 each, but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish. Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either. “Actually, these koi aren’t any nicer than (6)_______,” She commented. “(7)_______ they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got, I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did consider (8)________ (buy) one. Then I remember that all but 5 of Freddie Mercury’s koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that looking (9)______ koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet. However, in the end of I decided to stick with my goldfish. They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi—but they’re a great deal c heaper (10)______(replace)!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThe Beadles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research (41)______ shows that the more money people have, the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lifes.And that makes sense: money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the easier your life, the happier you tend to be. That relationship isn’t entirely linear, since there's a(n) (42)______to how much money can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don’t have much money to start with, and (43) ______as wealth increases. But studies also reveal that as (44) ______income levels have risen over time in the U.S. and European nations. For example---residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were 30 or 40 year ago. It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be (45) ______within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does not appear to corresponded to a boost in national satisfaction over time.To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income. What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more-and are happier-when it compares (46) ______to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it is not simply how much money you make that (47) ______to satisfaction, but how much more money make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather (48) ______. The researchers wondered whether there was a more concrete way to capture how people valued their income. They (49) ______that people tended to make specific comparisons of personal wealth, not only with the average income of the larger population, but with the individual incomes of their neighbors, colleagues from college. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would (50) ______ be. "For example, people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set.” write the author, Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The beauty, majesty and timelessness of a primary rainforest are incredible. It is impossibleto 51._______ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have 52.______ over millions of years to turn into the incredible complex environment they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 53._______ renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 54. _______ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of mankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, species, industrial raw material, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 55._______ the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so 56. _______ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 57._______ forever.The scale of human 58._______ on ecosystems everywhere has increased in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen -- at a cost to our 59._______. in 2001, the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. The further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050, 60._______ it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 61._______. in fewer than fifty years, more than half of the worlds tropical rainforests have fallen 62._______ to fire and the chainsaw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more that 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more that 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this 63._______, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.Massive 64._______ brings with it may ugly consequences--air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the 65._______ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A. changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A. energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A. contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A. However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A. active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A. restore B.support C.revive st58.A. pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A. subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A. appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increase Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is almost fundamentally wrong. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use — quantities such as speed or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties that are beyond human control.For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation sent out by atoms of a special metal. The standard metre (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合金筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights & Measures in Sevres, France.Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one kno ws what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg, Md., hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require the very accuracy of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibration, or other influence -- even changes in weather -- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but extremely important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the s entence “Not so kilogram” in paragragh 4? A．The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B．The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C．The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D．The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A．Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B．The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C．The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicatedD．Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future68.According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units ________.A．is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram.B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC．is not as simple as what people can understandD．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know form the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is ________.A．more important in keeping market honesty.B．worth years of scientists’ painstaking research.C．the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D．bring about important and fruitful results.（B）Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks (albatross) soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest point.Free tea and coffee on boardInterpretation handouts are available (English only).Wheelchair access availablePersonal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per person (one stowed and one small carry-on). Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.“20% Multi-Purchase REWARD” on Return Ferry ServicesBuy 2 or more different excursions and SA VE 20% off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.70.If leaving a car at Bluff, a traveler had better_________.A．refer to the handouts first B．use wheelchair accessC．make a reservation D．park it 30 minutes before departure time71.John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leave Bluff?A．At 8:00a.m..B．At 9:30a.m..C．At 11:00a.m..D．At 3:00p.m..72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services?A．Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B．Children go free for travel for about 15 days.C．Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D．Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of "consumption" seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.”means_______.A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB.human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently74.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2,the author intends to show________.A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB.the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC.the officials didn’t pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastpared with AIDS,Tuberculosis can be cured effectively75.Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot”(Line 6, Para 5)?A.OutcomeB.UpholdC.AchievementD.Project76.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A.Forgive and forgetB.Forgotten,but not goneC.When the wound is healed,the pain is forgottenD.Every dog is brave at his own doorSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachAdolescents refer to boys and girls at high-school level--more specifically the second,third and forth years of high schools.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at the difficult stage,generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams._________77_______ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving objectives._________78_________.They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to personal beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideals and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in._______79________.On the one hand they are too modest and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.__________80_________.Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls both on educators and other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When I was quite young, my father had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I remember well the polished wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. But my first personal experience with this genie-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to offer sympathy, I walked around the house, and finally arrived at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear, “Information Please,” I said the mouthpiece just above my head.A click or two and a small clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.”“I hurt my finger…” I cried into the telephone.. Th e tears came readily enough now that I had an audience.“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question.“Nobody’s home but me.” I sobbed.“Are you bleeding?”“No,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then chip off a little piece of ice and hold it to your finger. That will stop the hurt，Be careful when you use the icepick(冰锥).” she said，“And don’t cry. You’ll be all right.”After that I called Information Please for everything. I asked her for help with my geography,and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grow up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told that my pet chipmunk —I had caught him in the park just the day before—would eat fruit and nuts.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60V.Translation:81.正是那位作家对他说的一番话激起了他投身于写作。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）模拟试题（九）英语试题Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the givenword; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker”　produced by Amazon. This year Saint Louis University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in everydorm room ___1___its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the f teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuire said: “Instead of searching on the Internet while I___2___ (tap) away atmy computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular(分子的)weight of water? And Ican have the answer without ___3___(interrupt) my process.” That’s exactly___4___ school officials had inmind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract ___5___ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the class room,” DavidHakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for th information online is another minute ___6___(commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U S. ___7___ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in everycampus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technology to students. This yearNortheastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places ___8___ students could get answersto common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the optionof adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way___9___ will build an ecosystem.____10____ supports voice technologies throughout theASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU.Section B .Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Notthat there is one word more than you need.UNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&MWhen asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls offthe shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of theclothes are so ___11___, he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Swedenfollow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan ___12___ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ___13___ base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ mai markets of Europe and America. But instead his ___14___ remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ___15___ who are reaching the middle class.UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering ___16___ into Vietnam and othercountries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).___17___ greatly to investors at home. Fast The success or n ot of UNIPLO’s overseas operations--- Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising since 2015, analystsRetailing’s sharesestimate, largely owing to its international expansion and improved logistics (物流). At home the firm isclosing stores because the population is ___18___. Last year UNIQLO’s international profits overtook its___19___ sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent.Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO inAmerica struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains ____20____for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confidentthat he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases markedA, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In today’s American society, high school dropout (辍学) has become a big problem threatening socialand economic stability, as many cases of family ___21___ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout, arecatching headlines in media. Dropping out is defined as leaving school without a high school diploma (毕业证书) or equivalent ___22___ such as a General Educational Development (GED) certificate. Although students who drop out come from various backgrounds, several ___23___ facts can be noticed. National data show that students from low-income, black or single-parent families are much more likely to drop out of school thantheir fellow students. ___24___ performance is also playing a role. Students receiving poor grades which, in turn, leads to ___25___ self-recognition, are sure to be on the high-risk list of dropping out.In recent years, advances in technology have ___26___ the demand for a highly skilled labor force, changing a high school education into a minimum requirement for entry into the labor market. As high school completion has become a(n) ___27___ requirement for many entry-level jobs, dropouts are having a really hard time in today’s job market. On average, dropouts are more likely to beunemployed than high school graduates and to earn less money even if they ___28___ find jobs. Employed dropouts in a variety of studies are usually working at unskilled jobs or at ___29___ service occupations offering little opportunity for promotion.Considering the serious consequences dropping out may bring about, national leaders have demanded that schools, communities, and families take major measures to keep students at school. To make school attendance compulsory (强制的) looks like an effective measure. ____30____, many people fear that it will not go far as compulsory attendance usually indicates monitoring on students, which might cause ____31____ from the students. Others including President Trump, focus their dropout prevention efforts on a program to____32____ class size, replacing large high schools with smaller learning communities where poor students can get ____33____ instruction from experienced teachers. Combined with frequent home visits by teachers, which definitely ____34____ families to participate in prevention efforts, the program is reported to takeeffect and the nationwide school attendance is ____35____.21. A. reunion B. conflicts C. establishments D. happiness22. A. opportunities B. lengths C. terms D. qualifications23. A. common B. strange C. possible D. positive24. A. Financial B. Communicative C. Academic D. Social25. A. separate B. negative C. significant D. standard26. A. fueled B. changed C. challenged D. supposed27. A. unbearable B. joint C. single D. basic28. A. eventually B. attentively C. readily D. generally29. A. long-lasting B. hard-working C. low-paying D. public-recognizing。

上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语摸底考试卷命题：廖智敏审核：朱雪艳II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (1)__________our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants (2) __________ (make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun (3) __________ (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (4)__________they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is (5) __________ (great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without (6) __________ (damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is (7) __________it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered (8)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet (9) __________men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage (10) __________ (do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Before I went to the British Koi Keepers’ Annual Show, I didn’t understand(1)______ people could take fish so seriously. However, the more I learned about koi, the more interested I became. As one expert told me, “Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calmi ng to watch.” Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed----the pool in his specially built Japanese garden was home to 89 koi, (2) __________ cost up to £10,000 each.At the show I met koi euthusiast Jean Kelly. “Koi are getting more and more expensive,” she told me. “One recently sold for £250,000.” I was shocked-----that’s almost as much as I paid for my house. “Well, that was a record,” (3) __________ (admit) Jean. “The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.”Nevertheless, serious collectors can pay up to ￡15,000 for a fully (4)_______ (grow) koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car, and the bigger they are, the more they cost. The cheapest I (5)________ find was ￡75 each, but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish. Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either. “Actually, these koi aren’t any nicer than (6)_______,” She commented. “(7)_______ they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got, I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did consider (8)________ (buy) one. Then I remember that all but 5 of Freddie Mercury’s koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that looking (9)______ koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet. However, in the end of I decided to stick with my goldfish. They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi—but they’re a great deal c heaper (10)______(replace)!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThe Beadles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research (41)______ shows that the more money people have, the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lifes.And that makes sense: money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the easier your life, the happier you tend to be. That relationship isn’t entirely linear, since there's a(n) (42)______to how much money can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don’t have much money to start with, and (43) ______as wealth increases. But studies also reveal that as (44) ______income levels have risen over time in the U.S. and European nations. For example---residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were 30 or 40 year ago. It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be (45) ______within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does not appear to corresponded to a boost in national satisfaction over time.To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income. What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more-and are happier-when it compares (46) ______to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it is not simply how much money you make that (47) ______to satisfaction, but how much more money make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather (48) ______. The researchers wondered whether there was a more concrete way to capture how people valued their income. They (49) ______that people tended to make specific comparisons of personal wealth, not only with the average income of the larger population, but with the individual incomes of their neighbors, colleagues from college. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would (50) ______ be. "For example, people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set.” write the author, Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The beauty, majesty and timelessness of a primary rainforest are incredible. It is impossibleto 51._______ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have 52.______ over millions of years to turn into the incredible complex environment they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 53._______ renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 54. _______ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of mankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, species, industrial raw material, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 55._______ the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so 56. _______ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 57._______ forever.The scale of human 58._______ on ecosystems everywhere has increased in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen -- at a cost to our 59._______. in 2001, the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. The further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050, 60._______ it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 61._______. in fewer than fifty years, more than half of the worlds tropical rainforests have fallen 62._______ to fire and the chainsaw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more that 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more that 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this 63._______, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.Massive 64._______ brings with it may ugly consequences--air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the 65._______ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A. changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A. energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A. contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A. However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A. active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A. restore B.support C.revive st58.A. pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A. subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A. appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increase Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is almost fundamentally wrong. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use — quantities such as speed or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties that are beyond human control.For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation sent out by atoms of a special metal. The standard metre (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合金筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights & Measures in Sevres, France.Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one kno ws what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg, Md., hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require the very accuracy of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibration, or other influence -- even changes in weather -- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but extremely important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the s entence “Not so kilogram” in paragragh 4? A．The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B．The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C．The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D．The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A．Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B．The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C．The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicatedD．Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future68.According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units ________.A．is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram.B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC．is not as simple as what people can understandD．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know form the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is ________.A．more important in keeping market honesty.B．worth years of scientists’ painstaking research.C．the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D．bring about important and fruitful results.（B）Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks (albatross) soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest point.Free tea and coffee on boardInterpretation handouts are available (English only).Wheelchair access availablePersonal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per person (one stowed and one small carry-on). Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.“20% Multi-Purchase REWARD” on Return Ferry ServicesBuy 2 or more different excursions and SA VE 20% off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.70.If leaving a car at Bluff, a traveler had better_________.A．refer to the handouts first B．use wheelchair accessC．make a reservation D．park it 30 minutes before departure time71.John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leave Bluff?A．At 8:00a.m..B．At 9:30a.m..C．At 11:00a.m..D．At 3:00p.m..72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services?A．Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B．Children go free for travel for about 15 days.C．Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D．Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of "consumption" seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.”means_______.A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB.human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently74.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2,the author intends to show________.A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB.the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC.the officials didn’t pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastpared with AIDS,Tuberculosis can be cured effectively75.Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot”(Line 6, Para 5)?A.OutcomeB.UpholdC.AchievementD.Project76.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A.Forgive and forgetB.Forgotten,but not goneC.When the wound is healed,the pain is forgottenD.Every dog is brave at his own doorSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachAdolescents refer to boys and girls at high-school level--more specifically the second,third and forth years of high schools.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at the difficult stage,generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams._________77_______ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving objectives._________78_________.They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to personal beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideals and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in._______79________.On the one hand they are too modest and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.__________80_________.Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls both on educators and other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When I was quite young, my father had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I remember well the polished wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. But my first personal experience with this genie-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to offer sympathy, I walked around the house, and finally arrived at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear, “Information Please,” I said the mouthpiece just above my head.A click or two and a small clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.”“I hurt my finger…” I cried into the telephone.. Th e tears came readily enough now that I had an audience.“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question.“Nobody’s home but me.” I sobbed.“Are you bleeding?”“No,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then chip off a little piece of ice and hold it to your finger. That will stop the hurt，Be careful when you use the icepick(冰锥).” she said，“And don’t cry. You’ll be all right.”After that I called Information Please for everything. I asked her for help with my geography,and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grow up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told that my pet chipmunk —I had caught him in the park just the day before—would eat fruit and nuts.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60V.Translation:81.正是那位作家对他说的一番话激起了他投身于写作。

2021届上海市七宝中学2018级高三上学期9月月考英语试卷★祝考试顺利★(含答案)II. GrammarDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A new study show that __21__ (good) your short-term memory is, the faster you feel fed up and decide you've had enough. The finding appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think __22__ very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be of those same songs." The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings ... like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream ... or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs ... or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. "We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them __23__ (get) tired of music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the music or art more often." The findings suggest that marketers __24__ cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences.We could also trick __25__ into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it -- it might help them have more fun.Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person - to - person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations __26__ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views __27__ (challenge) by other members of society.Face - to - face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during that last two hundred years the art of mass communication __28__ (become) one of the dominating factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications __29__ __29__ local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed（失去优势）by international news.No longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that __30__ (channel) into millions of homes ...VocabularyDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.。

2018-2019高中英语上海高三专题试卷联考模拟试卷一含答案考点及解析班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单项选择1.________ all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. (2011·陕西，19)A．Since B．WhileC．If D．As【答案】【解析】B解析句意为：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。

since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。

根据句意选while。

二、完形填空2.第二部分：英语知识及运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

Rubber ducks are being used to help scientists understand global warming and melting glaciers. NASA researchers have 21 90 ducks into holes in Greenland's fastest moving glacier, the Jakobshavn Glacier between Greenland and Canada. The 22 have each been marked with the words "science experiment" along with an e-mail address. If they are found scientists will be able to 23 how the water moves through the ice and provide information about the 24 of glaciers. Scientists are still 25 about why glaciers speed up in summer and head towards the sea. One theory is that as the summer sun melts ice on top of the glacier's surface, the water moves to the bottom of the glacier, where it helps to 26 the movement of ice toward the coast. The Jakobshavn Glacier is believed to be the 27 of the iceberg that sank the Titanic in 1912. RobertJones, the experiment organizer, said none of the ducks had been 28 yet. "We haven't heard back but it may take some time until somebody actually finds it and decides to send usa/an 29 that they have found it," he said. "These are places that are 30 so there aren't people walking around."21. A. flown B. buried C. hidden D. dropped22. A. results B. toys C. glaciers D. scientists23. A. remember B. invent C. learn D. control24. A. development B. movement C. growth D. travels25. A. unsure B. excited C. concerned D. ignorant26. A. reduce B. control C. speed D. stop27. A. position B. source C. reason D. result28. A. hurt B. eaten C. missing D. reported29. A. email B. card C. fax D. sign30. A. hidden B. lost C. remote D. quiet【答案】21—25 DBCBA 26—30 CBDAC【解析】略三、阅读理解For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescent s’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrelsover unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.3.Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A．Both can continue for generations.B．Both are about where to draw the line.C．Neither has any clear winner.D．Neither can be put to an end.4.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.5.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ______.A．give orders to the otherB．know more than the otherC．gain respect from the otherD．get the other to behave properly6.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A．Causes for the parent –teen conflicts.B．Examples of the parent –teen war.C．Solutions for the parent –teen problems.D．Future of the parent-teen relationship.【答案】3.B4.A5.C6.C【解析】试题分析：对许多父母来说，抚养孩子就像打一场持久战，但经过长年累月的战斗，依然分不出胜负。

上海中学高三英语练习II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, (21) ______ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each (22) ______ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test (23) ______ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. (24) ______ (boost) the stress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who (25) ______ (beat) their high-school score.(26) ______ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety (27) ______ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily (28) ______ the test got longer. (29) ______ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so (30) ______ the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.Section BDirection: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teamsparticipated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut Özil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim Löw, the German coach since 2006, used that same word —“schock,” in his own language —to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said Löw, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned ___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how ___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. H e said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things lik e ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more tha n 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said th ey ___49___ performing in the subways, thoughit isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera ___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that peopl e need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historian s was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Lia ng and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceSection BDirection: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B and C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Bo ynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and w hat fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination foll ows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing.I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to createcontent that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.81.What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.82.When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job83.Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend84.We can conclude from the interview that ______.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s appsCaroline LeavittCruel Beautiful WorldSteven PriceBy GaslightGeFeiThe Invisibility CloakTim HarfordMessy85.Which author does NOT tell a story in his / her work listed above?A. Caroline LeavittB. Steven PriceC. GeFeiD. Tim Harford86.Jack is an American who would like everything to be neat and tidy. He loves reading novelswith ironic humor and detective stories. He is going to work and live in Beijing for the next three years, and he is very curious about the place he is soon heading to. Which book will he most likely choose to read now?A. Cruel Beautiful WorldB. By GaslightC. The Invisibility CloakD. Messy87.This page is intended for people who want to ______.A. buy newly-published books at a discountB. recommend books to friends and familyC. know what books are worthwhile to readD. understand the current trend in literature(C)To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from the avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their mind.88.What does “are toiled” in the 2nd paragraph mean?A. have hobbiesB. feel pleasedC. work very hardD. are busy89.Which is NOT true based on the first two paragraphs?A. Being late in life to attempt to cultivate hobbies adds to mental stress.B. Great knowledge irrelevant to the daily work can’t guarantee benefit.C. Those tired out for a week’s labour are reluctant to play football on weekends.D. Unfortunate people need discipline to help them build up hope.90.For those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure, they ______.A. are very willing to work long hours in the office or the factoryB. earn a large amount of money due to their hard work for a long timeC. are keen to enjoy the pleasure when they are off dutyD. usually enjoy themselves in the simplest and most modest forms91.Which statement will the author agree with according to the 3rd paragraph?A. The first class are lazy and the second class are bound to succeed.B. The second class never need holidays because their life is harmonious.C. The minority are more favoured by fortune because they never stop working.D. One really needs alternation for a change in order to work better.(D)Ladies and gentlemen,I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work - a life's work in the agony（痛苦）and sweat of the human spirit. But I would like to use this moment as a climax from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same agony and sweat, among whom is already that one who will someday stand here where I am standing.Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.He, the writer, must learn them again. He must teach himself that the worst of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is short-lived and doomed - love and honor and pity and pride and sympathy and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse（诅咒）. He writes not of love but of desire, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or sympathy. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands（腺体）.Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of sympathy and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and sympathy and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the pillars to help him endure and prevail.92.The word “that” in the 2nd paragraph probably means ______.A. the agony and sweat of the human spiritB. the general and universal physical fearC. the sustenance and endurance for a long timeD. the human heart in conflict with itself93.According to the speaker, the old truths of the heart are so important that ______.A. they are love, honor, pity, pride, sympathy and sacrificeB. they prolong a writer’s life and protect him from cursesC. they are the soul of a real and powerful piece of writingD. they can effectively stop the trend towards the end of man94.How can poets / writers help man endure and prevail?A. By inspiring man with his past glories through words.B. By helping man endure the end through endless voices.C. By recording sympathy, sacrifice and endurance in his soul.D. By building spiritual pillars through immortal hearts.95.The speaker may probably agree that ______.A. the award was not fair because his life was too painfulB. young writers now are too fearful to bear the agony and sweatC. the biggest obstacle to good writing is the writer’s fearD. writing about man’s soul signals his final prevalence(E)By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: “Do not get the idea you’re anything special, because you’re not.” Mothers and fathers present a t the ceremony —and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet —took issue with McCullough’s ego-puncturing words. But lost in the uproar was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they’re part icularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it’s not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it’s often exactly when we’re least competent at a given task that we rate our performance m ost generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more stringently. Poor students, the authors note, “lack insight” into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coa uthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they’re not good at what they do, and their very ineptness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.In Dunning and Kruger’s study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, gramm ar and humor “extremely overestimated” their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was “metacognitive skill”: the capacity to monitor how well they’re performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There’s a paradox here, the authors note: “The skills that engender competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that domain.” In other words, to get better at judging how well we’re doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don’t possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you’re doing, but just what it is that you’re doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more。

2018-2019学年上海中学⾼三上英语摸底考上海中学⾼三英语练习II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, (21) ______ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each (22) ______ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test (23) ______ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. (24) ______ (boost) the stress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who (25) ______ (beat) their high-school score.(26) ______ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety (27) ______ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily (28) ______ the test got longer. (29) ______ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so (30) ______ the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.Section BDirection: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teamsparticipated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut ?zil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim L?w, the German coach since 2006, used that same word —“schock,” in his own language —to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said L?w, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. H e said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things lik e ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more tha n 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said th ey___49___ performing in the subways, thoughit isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that peopl e need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away. The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development. Becoming China’s first architectural historian s was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Lia ng and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceSection BDirection: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B and C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Bo ynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and w hat fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination foll ows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing.I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create。

2018-2019 学年宜川中学高三英语第一学期9 月月考试卷I. Listening Comprehension 略( )II. Grammar and Vocabulary (10 分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nasa is hiring someone who can defend Earth from alien contamination( 污染).The full-time role of “planetary protection officer ”will involve (21) _____ (ensure) that humans in space donot contaminate planets and moons, as well as ensuring that alien matter does not infect EarthThe job post (22) ____ (read): “Planetary protection is concerned with the avoidance of organic-constituentand biological contamination in human and robotic space exploration. ”The three-year position-with a chance to extend it to five years-(23) _________ (create) after the US signed the Outer Space Treaty of 1967.There is only one other full-time role (24) ____ it in the world at the European Space Agency, says Catharine Conley, Nasa 's only planetary protection officer since 2014 (according to Business Insider). She is relocating to the agency's Office of Safety and Mission Assurance.Under the international 1967 treaty, she explained that any space mission must have less than a one in 10,000 chance of contaminating an alien world. A mission can be regarded as successful one (25)___________ ____ _____ noharm to the alien world is caused.“It 's a moderate level, ”Ms Conley said. “What you can expect is not (26) ___ extremely difficult, but it 'snot extremely easy either. ”Similarly, the new employee would work to protect Earth from potential contamination by planets like Mars, (27) scientists say may have once been covered in water and supported life-and there(28) _____________ be chance oflife there now.The new hire will likely be part of the upcoming Nasa expedition to Europa, a moon of Jupiter. The $2.7bn(just over 经bn) Europa Clipper mission, approved by Congress, plans (29) _______ (map) the moon ' surface and analyze (30) _____ it could be habitable. The probe could crash land, however, which is a circumstance theplanetary protection officer should prepare for.Required to travel frequently, the candidate will have to handle a significant amount of emails, proposals and other reading.【答案】21. ensuring 22. reads 23. was created 24. like 25. as long as 26.something27. which 28. may 29. to map 30. whether【解析】21. 考查短语，involve doing sth.22. 表示报刊上写着，一般用一般现在时。

上海市闵行区2018-2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bus. D. By bike.2. A. A policeman. B. A postman. C. A doctor. D. A teacher.3. A. He didn’t sleep well last night. B. He did too much work last night.C. He went to bed late last night.D. He worked late with his work.4. A. The man has just missed his flight. B. The plane is delayed due to bad weather.C. The plane will leave at 9:14.D. The departure time is unknown.5. A. Offering a suggestion. B. Starting an argument.C. Stopping a fight.D. Correcting a mistake.6. A. Apply for a discount. B. Read the agreement.C. Fill in the application form.D. Buy a certain product.7. A. The woman was too tired to see the TV programme.B. The man missed part of the TV programme.C. Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring.D. The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme.8. A. Select the data. B. Revise the report.C.Collect more data.D. Present the report.9. A. Go to bed earlier. B. Learn how to be attentive.C. Spend more time outdoors.D. Take her job more seriously.10. A. He feels sorry for the students. B. He is strongly against the punishment.C. He approves of the professor’s action.D. He offers an option to stop cheating.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Volunteer work and study. B. Work and relaxation.C. Adventurous trip and project.D. Cultural study and local visiting.12. A. It offers ways to learn a new language. B. It helps broaden your horizons.C. It guarantees you to earn money.D. It might take you to unusual places13. A. Volunteering in foreign countries. B. Ways to spend a working holiday.C. Great places for a working holiday.D. The concept of a working holiday.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Committed. B. Flexible. C. Independent. D. Agreeable.15. A. They easily get wounded when doing exercise.B. They feel uncomfortable when they are observed.C. They are serious about their exercise plan.D. They are suitable to take up co-operative sports.16. A. To help people understand what personality type they are.B. To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.C. To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.D. To describe different types of exercises available at present.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Student opinions on a biology program.B. The present situation of biology education.C. The treatment and status of biology professors.D. The quality of biology laboratory equipment.18. A. Incapable teaching staff. B. Inaccessible laboratory.C. Insufficient budget.D. Unmotivated students.19. A. It’s unsuitable for complex experiments. B. It’s too complicated to use.C. It’s more than satisfactory.D. It’s much better than expected.20. A. The professorsshould be more devoted to the program.B. Some professors may go elsewhere to teach.C. Some professors can’t get budge to conduct experiments.D. The professors aren’t academically recognized.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21) ______ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. (22) ______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) ______ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) ______: “You can’t develop new technologyunless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to inventi on.”In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). Theconsequence is that (28) ______ ______ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. (30) ______ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. declaredB. surviveC. individualizedD. advocatedE. signalF. significantlyG. dominatedH. contrastI. supposedlyJ. apartK. inseparableThey’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know ab out them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new generation.The 33 between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically 35 life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguishthemselves as a new generation, which he hasgiven them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens 38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change 39 .“The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world 40 ,” Rosen says.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but 41 : We’re almost certainly evolving, but w e don’t know in what42 or how fast.We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations ofhumans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk— gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was 43 in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired 44 adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the 45 for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” 46 . Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have 47 evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in all species: “For bet ter or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of 48 . We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now 49 .”According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “50 selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fishes is 51 those smaller fishes.Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet 52 . Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This 53 has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction (极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.The authors speak with 54 assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion (摄取) of drugs and exposure to ch emicals mean that “our children’s brains are evolving fast,” they are abusing (滥用) the word “55 .” Our children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological (药理学的) environment, but change alone is not evolution.41. A. instructive B. disappointing C. decisive D. conflicting42. A. direction B. region C. frequency D. condition43. A. beneficial B. adaptable C. unique D. useless44. A. unproved B. changeable C. genetic D. mysterious45. A. study B. evidence C. interest D. implication46. A. disagree B. support C. follow D. approve47. A. delayed B. overdone C. neglected D. controlled48. A. unbalance B. disaster C. change D. disturbance49. A. in our hands B. out of order C. in peace D. out of control50. A. destructive B. unnatural C. adventurous D. emotional51. A. by means of B. at the cost of C. in favor of D. for the protection of52. A. makes no sense B. makes great impressionC. calls attentionD. comes to an end53. A. problem B. mistake C. phenomenon D. obstacle54. A. strong B. baseless C. sensitive D. persuasive55. A. environment B. technology C. exposure D. evolutionSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros. have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder’s tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck’s future in the r ole of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could have been incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros. have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright.My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There’s something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; these are the kinds of problems that you don’t expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer—here, not mentioning the name—is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one. A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.56. Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their ______.A. pity for the director, Zack SnyderB. concern about the film’s qualityC. higher expectation of the new directorD. support for the actor, Ben Affleck57. According to the author, what’s special about Justice League?A. It advocates social justice.B. It brings lots of fun to the audience.C. It has some brave heroes.D. It brings back childhood memories.58. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly wants to express his ______.A. views on the film’s weaknessB. advice to the film’s directorC. love for the filmD. expectation of the film’s sequels59. The author mentioned another film producer to ______.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmB. show Justice League’s lack of a serious plotC. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD. set an example for the producer of Justice LeagueB)60. According to the passage, it is good habit to ______ when you are writing your email.A. include all of your social network linksB. send your emails to all of your coworkersC. use different font size to make the massage vividD. keep the subject line brief61. Which of the following statements might the author agree with?A. The subject line is filled with Hey instead of being left blank.B. Using capitals is acceptable when offering congratulations.C. You are supposed to reply to only one person at a time.D. Social network links should be included in your signature.62. In which of the following sentences does the phrase “cry wolf” is correctly used?A. Economists are just crying wolf while actually the economic future is not so bad.B. The government is always crying wolf and has never kept the promise to reduce taxes.C. He cried wolf when he received a letter saying that his application had been rejected.D. He just cried wolf in comforting her when he didn’t know what had really happened.(C)The recession (衰退) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the followingrecovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.The researchers focus on movements in “non-employment” as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.Why have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD’s employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past,early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped.Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people are keen on IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.63. By saying “The labour market has also broken the rules”, the author means ______.A. young employees were protected by the governmentB. young employees suffered moderately in labour marketC. old employees suffered very little in the labour marketD. The recession had little impact on labour market64. What do we know about “early-retirement policies” mentioned in the 4thparagraph?A. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect.B. They have effectively helped young employees.C. They financially supported the elderly people.D. They have gain popularity in southern European countries.65. The word “fallacy” (in the last paragraph) probably means “______”.A. common beliefB. wrong conceptC. acceptable assumptionD. wise statement66. Which of the following might the author agree with?A. Early-retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments.B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries.C. Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs.D. Old people’s remaining in jobs doesn’t necessarily threaten young people’s jobs.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area.B. The general rule goes that the harder you try, the greater results you get.C. Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly.D. It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile.E. However, in most circumstances your effort and attempt go well alongside with your desired achievement.F. But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courage to follow your own path.Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best68 However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them: they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else. There is no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny isParents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children have selected that career.Worst of all, people follow them without even asking.There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’t we a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find t hat data aren’t everything.For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doesn’t get high marks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We canonly feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们相约周末去植物园看花展。

假设你校即将召开艺术节，作为学校电影社团的团长，你将在艺术节开幕式上介绍一部电影，写一份发言稿，内容包括：1.你介绍的电影名称及内容简介；2.你为什么要选择介绍这部电影。

【范文1】Good morning, everyone,I’m the head of the school’s Film Club. It is my honor to make a speech at this opening ceremony of the school’s Art Festival. Today, I’d like to share with you my favorite film: The King’s Speech. It is an Oscar-winning film. I love this film not because it is an Oscar-winner, but because it tells an inspiring story of a true man.The film centers on the battle of King George VI to overcome a stammer as Britain faces the imminent prospect of war with Nazi Germany. Being a stammer sufferer, King George VI has to broadcast to the whole nation on the radio. Despite a lot of frustration and failure, he finally successfully challenges his physical disadvantage and makes a nearly perfect public speech.The great success of the film lies, in my opinion, in the terrific and emotional story more than anything else. Audiences can identify with this heir to the throne because this admired and respected person suffers like anyone else from a stammer. It is a film worth watching a second time. I hope everyone present will love this film too.【范文2】Dear fellow students,It’s my great honor to be here as the chairman of the school Film Society to recommend you a movie. As far as I am concerned, I do appreciate the movie named “The Green Book” which was just recently released and won the latest Oscar Award.The reason of my recommendation is not only for its fame but also for its contents which were vividly portrayed and carefully played. The most touching scene was that the major character Don won every white’s applause after he played beautiful music for th em. However, things began to change when the poor black wanted to use the bathroom the butler just showed him that he should go to the tiny cabin in the garden. Don has no choice but to go to the hotel which he lived in to use the bathroom. Though this is just the very little thing happened in the film, it does touchme deeply. Don showed his patience and courage during his performance tour. This scene also reflects how hard the life for the black was during that time, which also proves the pursuit of freedom of the black was a long and hard journey.The second reason I want to recommend it is that the precious friendship between the major character Don and his chauffeur, the white man, who had discriminated against the blacks. However, when he met with Don, and accompany him to the South, he helped Don a lot, especially when Don was punched and he used the White only bar to ave a drink. The both show their kindness to each other by doing daily tiny things. Which reflects that people do have different background and and belief, however, they could reach a mutual understanding by showing their kindness to each other.In a nutshell, I do firmly recommend all of you to watch it. It teaches me a lot and I really want all of you to spare time to watch it from your own angle. Wish you have a joyful watching.【范文3】Hello everyoneToday I am here to recommend a film which I like best recently, the name of the film is CoCo.Miguel, the main character of the film, is a 12-year-old boy who is from a family of shoemakers. Miguel has a dream of becoming a singer, but music is strictly forbidden by his family. When Miguel secretly pursues his dream, he sets feet on the dead land because of touching a guitar. Every year, the local residents hold a festival to memorize their ancestors and the ancestors will come back to visit their family members. Miguel is shocked by the colorful soul’s world and he meet all his ancestors there. He meets his grandfather in souls’ world by accident and helps his grandfather to realize his dreams. After experiencing all kinds of adventures with the help of his grandfather, Miguel comes back to his home and his family members finally accept his music dream.After watching this film, I have realized that family is the most important treasure in this world. When we are trying to chase our dreams, we should never forget to cherish our family members. When we feel tired, our family is our warm harbor which always gives us love and hope.I hope you can enjoy this great movie!【范文4】Dear Schoolmates, teachers and distinguished guests,I am the head of the school’s Film Club . It’s my honor to be here and introduce to you one of my favorite movies, Gone with the Wind, which is about a woman, Scarlett O’ Hara, who became more and more strong and independent during the American Civil War.Gone with the Wind has won my heart several years ago because it taught me that a girl could do all the things she wants for the first time. Scarlett was a baby daughter of a rich farm owner. Boiled by bot h her parents, Scarlett enjoyed balls and men’s flattering only, but lost everything she had during and after the war, including her parents. The fragile-looking lady learnt to take care of everybody around her, killed a soldier to protect her family, do farm work in burning sunshine and trid every means to protect her father’s farm. From her story, I feel the power inside my body and my heart and come to realize that a girl should be strong inside and independent of anyone else. Only by exploring our potential and never giving up can we accomplish what we want.Thank you for your listening.。

2018-2019学年交大附中高三英语第一学期摸底考试卷I.Listening Comprehension(略)II.Grammar and Vocabulary(20分)Section ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place,not only because of meteors(流星)but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts(21)our protective blanket on earth.Light gets through,and this is essential for plants(22)(make)the food which we eat.Heat,too,makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space,but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun(23) (screen)off.As soon as men leave the atmosphere,they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuit or the walls of their spacecraft,(24)they are inside,do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is(25)(great)known danger to explorers in space.The unit of radiation is called"rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more than0.1rem without(26)(damage); the figure of60rems has been agreed on.The trouble is(27)it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well,but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged,and this will not be discovered(28)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and,during the outward and return journeys,the Apollo crew accumulated(积累)a large amount of rems.So far,no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported,but the Apollo missions have been quite short.We simply don't know yet(29)men are going to get on when they spent weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere,working in a space laboratory.Drugs might help to decrease the damage(30)(do)by radiation,but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Living JewelsBefore I went to the British Koi Keepers Annual Show,I didn’t understand(31)people could take fish so seriously.However,the more I learned about koi,the more interested I became.As one expert told me, "Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think.They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calming to watch."Freddie Mercury,the lead singer of Queen,would have agreed the pool in his specially-built Japanese garden was home to89koi,(32)cost up to$10,000each.At the show I met koi enthusiast Jean Kelly.“Koi are getting more and more expensive,”she told me.“One recently sold for$250,000.”I was shocked that's almost as much as I paid for my house.Well,that was a record,(33)(admit)Jean.The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.Nevertheless,serious collectors can pay up to$15,000for a fully(34)(grow)koi,which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car,and the bigger they are,the more they cost.The cheapest I(35)find was$75each,but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish.Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either.“Actually,these koi aren’t any nicer than (36),”she commented.“(37)they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got,I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean,but I did consider(38)(buy)one.Then I remembered that all but5of Freddie Mercury's koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool.Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better,and that looking(39)koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet.However,in the end I decided to stick with my goldfish.They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi——but they’re a great deal cheaper(40) (replace)!Section B(10分)Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.associatedB.likelyC.decreasesD.abstractE.limitF.funG.contributes H.consistently I.favorably J.reasoned K.averageThe Beatles sang that money can't buy you love.But what about happiness?Research(41)_____shows that the more money people have,the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lives.And that makes sense:money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying;the easier your life, the happier you tend to be.That relationship isn't entirely linear,since there's a(n)(42)_____to how much wealth can please you;the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don't have much money to start with,and(43)_____as wealth increases.But studies also reveal that as(44)_____income levels have risen over time—in the U.S.and European nations,for example—residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were30or40years ago.It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be(45)_____within a population at any given moment,overall economic growth does not appear to correspond to a boost in national satisfaction over time.(See a gallery of things money can buy.) To understand why,researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income.What does wealth mean to people?Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more—and are happier—when it compares(46)_____to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it's not simply how much money you make that(47)_____to satisfaction,but how much more money you make than,say,the national average.The higher your salary than the norm,the happier you tend to be.That could explain in part why populations as a whole do not experience sunnierdispositions with economic growth,since a majority of individuals may not fall above the national income average.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather(48)_____.The researchers wondered whether there was a more nuanced way to capture how people valued their income.They(49)_____that people tend to make specific comparisons of personal wealth,not only with the average income of the larger population,but with the individual incomes of their neighbors,colleagues at work or friends from college.And the higher their rank,the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would(50)_____be."For example,people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person,or the eighth most highly paid person,in their comparison set,"write the authors, Chris Boyce,a psychologist at the University of Warwick,and Simon Moore,a psychologist at Cardiff University.III.Reading Comprehension(45分）Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.The beauty,majesty,and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable.It is impossible to(51)______ on film,to describe in words,or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have(52)______over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today.Rainforests represent a store of living and(53)______renewable natural resources that for eons,by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species,have(54)______a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind.These resources have included basic food supplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices, industrial raw materials,and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest.(55)______,the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system.Everything is so(56)______that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole.Sadly,it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to(57)______forever.The scale of human(58)______on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since1980the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by30percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen——at a cost to our(59)______.In2001,the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice,wheat,and corn is expected to grow by40%by2020,increasing irrigation water demands by50%or more.They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year2050;(60)______,it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world's demand for wood.In1950,about15percent of the Earth's land surface was covered by rainforest.Today,more than half has already gone up in(61)______.In fewer than fifty years,more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen(62)______to fire and the chain saw,and the rate of destruction is still accelerating.Unbelievably,more than 200,000acres of rainforest are burned every day.That is more than150acres lost every minute of every day,and 78million acres lost every year!More than20percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone,and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues.It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000square miles a year.If nothing is done to curb this(63)______,the entire Amazon could well be gone withinfifty years.Massive(64)______brings with it many ugly consequences-air and water pollution,soil erosion,malaria epidemics,the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the(65)______of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals.Fewer rainforests mean less rain,less oxygen for us to breathe,and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A.changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A.energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A.contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A.However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A.active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A.restore B.support C.revive st58.A.pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A.subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A.appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increaseSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is fundamentally imperfect.Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use---quantities such as speed, density,or electric power.All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined in terms of natural properties that are beyond human control.For example,the standard second(time)is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation released by atoms of a special metal.The standard meter(length),in turn,is defined as the length of the path light travels in a vacuum during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram.This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder(铂-铱合金筒)locked away by the international Bureau of Weighs&Measures in France.Embarrassingly,the last time the copies were brought for a checkup in the1980s,officials found that some copies had gained about20parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the1940s.This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one knows what causes the weight changes.But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the NIST laboratories in Gaithersburg hopes eventually to define mass in terms of electrical units.So far,none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit.They require precision of measurement and control of experimental conditions.The slightest pollution,tiny vibrations,or other influences---even changes in weather---can ruin results.You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but fundamentally important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence“Not so the kilogram.”In paragraph4?A.The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B.The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C.The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D.The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A.Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B.The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C.The redefinition of the standard kilogram is quite complicated.D.Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future.68.According to the passage,to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units_______.A.is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogramB.has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC.is not as simple as what people can understandD.has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know from the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is_________.A.more important in keeping market honestyB.worth years of scientists’painstaking researchC.the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D.bring about important and fruitful results(B)Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island,it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans.During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife,especially seabirds.Watching mollymawks (albatross)soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse,Ruapuke Island,Titi Islands and Mt Anglem-Stewart Island’s highest point.●Free tea and coffee on board●Interpretation handouts are available(English only).●Wheelchair access available●Personal baggage is carried free on the ferries-max.two bags per person(one stowed and onesmall carry-on).Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.●Vehicle parking available at Bluff(extra cost-reservations recommended)FERRY TO STEWART ISLAND Depart BluffAll year9:30amSep-May5:00pmOct–Apr11:00amJun–Aug4:30pmLate Dec–mid Jan8:00am FERRY TO BLUFF Depart Stewart IslandAll year8:00amSep–May3:30pmOct–Mar6:00pmApr5:00pmJun-Aug3:00pmLate Dec–mid Jan9:30amOther departures as locally advertisedDuration1hrCheck-in30minutes prior to the scheduleddeparture time.(Check-in and boarding gates are closed10minutes prior to times stated above.)“20%Multi-Purchase REWARD”on Return Ferry ServicesBuy2or more different excursions and SAVE20%off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel20April-5May2013.70.If a traveler plans to leave a car at Bluff,he had better________.A.refer to the handouts firste wheelchair accessC.make a reservationD.park it30minutes before departure time71.John,who went to Stewart Island on Dec.28th,got to the ferry dock at7:55am.When did he most probably leave Bluff？A.At8:00a.m.B.At9:30a.m.C.At11:00a.m.D.At3:00p.m.72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services？A.Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B.Children go free for travel for about15days.C.Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D.Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog,every disease now seems to have its day.World Tuberculosis(infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs)Day is on Saturday March24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable.Dying of"consumption"seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling19th-century artists,h has,however,been neglected of late.Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people.According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization,1.6million people died of the disease in2005,compared with about3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS.America’s National Institutes of Health,for example,spends20times as much on AIDS as on TB.Nevertheless,everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS,has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects.The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in2002have saved the lives of over1m people.The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news.Although the number of TB cases is still rising,the rate of illness seems to have stabilized;the caseload,in other words,is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved.In the nm-up to the day itself,Eli Lilly announced a$50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership.MDR stands for multi-drug resistance,and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight.Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world.The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths,anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard.Unfortunately,those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective,more poisonous and more costly drugs.Naturally,these provoke still more.non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS.The Global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence.AIDS does not kill directly.Rather,HIV,the virus that causes it,weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections.Of these,TB is one of the most serious.It kills200000 AIDS patients a year.However,some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs.Conversely, in about20%of cases where a patient has both diseases,anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse.The upshot is that125years after human beings worked out what caused TB,it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence“Like every dog,every disease now seems to have its day.”means______.A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB.human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious diseaseD.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently74.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph2,the author intends to show______.A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB.the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC.the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastpared with AIDS,Tuberculosis can be cured effectively75.Which of the following best defines the word“upshot”(Line6,Para5)?A.Outcome.B.Uphold.C.Achievement.D.Project76.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A.Forgive and forget.B.Forgotten,but not gone.C.When the wound is healed,the pain is forgotten.D.Every dog is brave at his own door.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The critical abilities are beginning to develop in adolescence.B.Their view on life usually falls in two extremes.C.Of all periods of life,this is what may best be called the plastic age.D.They are basically timid or self-conscious.E.Despite that,it is also in this period that strong ties between teachers and students develop.F.Fundamentally they want to be kept-busy but they refuse to admit it.Adolescents generally refer to boys and girls on the high-school level-more specifically,the second,third, and the fourth years of high school.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at a difficult stage,generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally.They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams.(77)They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it.They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving their objectives.(78)They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the results they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it,but if it is intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to persona]beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideas and they have a tendency to be sometimesextremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in.(79)On the one hand they are too modest,and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.(80)Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls on both educators and the other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.【答案】77-80DFBC【解析】青春期的孩子要谨慎对待第一段引出话题，青春期是一个困难的时期to some degree...at a difficult stage...第二段描述了青春期的孩子们的各种纠结和扭吧77题的提示在后面，他们不愿坦诚，易受情绪影响又羞于承认，与这些描述相关就是they basically timid and self-conscious78题的提示也是在后面,they are willing to work,和前面的they want to be kept busy呼应第三段描述了青春期的孩子们还是很希望能参与到学校生活中并起主导作用，尽管他们不承认，他们需要良好的引导，需要一位强有力的人物的影响。

上海桃浦中学 2018-2019学年高三英语月考试卷含解析一、选择题1. My calculations were based on the _________ that house prices would remain steady. A．appreciation B．arrangement C．assumption D．ambition参考答案：C2. ________ team wins on Sunday will be praised,A. No matter whatB. WhicheverC. WhateverD. No matter which参考答案：B略3. Why do you want a new cellphone you've got such a good one already? A．where B．when C．that D．until参考答案：B4. independent travel is concerned, this hotel offers the best rates.A.As soon asB.As long asC.As far asD.As well as参考答案：C5. Usually doctors are understandably _______ about new medicines because of the uncertainty of their effects．（）A．considerate B．logical C．optimistic D．cautious参考答案：Dconsiderate体贴的，考虑周到的；logical符合逻辑的；optimistic乐观的；cautious谨慎的，小心的；结合后面的原因状语because of the uncertainty of their effects可知应该是谨慎用药，be cautious about sth对…谨慎、小心；故选D．6. —How about your conference?—Pretty successful．It allowed both sides of us to better understand ____ each stood on many issues．A．where B．that C．what D．which参考答案：D略7. I would appreciate if you could teach me how to use the computer.A. thatB.this C. it D. you参考答案：C. 考查it做形式宾语。

杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2018.12考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分；2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分.所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题>在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分；3务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,井将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of e ach conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Theconversations and the questions will be spoken only once, After you hear aconversation and the question about it,read the four poss ible answers on your paper.and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Job applicants. B. University students.C. News reporters.D. Public speakers.2. A.$36. B. $60.C. $24.D.$303. A. Nervous. B. Excited.C. Surprised.D. Calm.4. A. They can hardly find time to do exercise.B. Both of them are fond of doing exercise.C. Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do.D. The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man.5. A. Student and teacher. B Guest and receptionist.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Daughter and father.6. A. The Student Union. B. The Tutoring Service Center.C. Her professor's office.D. Her tutor's home.7. A. The coverage of newspapers. B. The nature of humans.C. The increase of crime rate.D. The impact of mass media.8. A. Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays.B. Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule.C. An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday.高三英语第1页共19页D. Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule.9. A. She is disappointed with his decision.B. She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle.C. She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry.D. She suggests the man reconsider his plan.10. A. Because he favors goods in physical stores.B. Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience.C. Because he doesn't have much money.D. Because he doesn't like the shopping festival.Section BDirection:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you wil be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests.B. Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians.C. People may step onto a landmine(地雷) and get injured.D. Other roads have a litter problem, which spoils good mood.12. A. It is a rare species of rat.B. It has a good sense of smell.C. It sacrifices its life to detect dangers.D. It is terrified of explosive device.13.A. 13 minutes B. 30 minutesC. 40 minutesD. 4 days高三英语第2页共19页Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food.B. Its residents lose altogether 100,000kg by 2020.C. Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public.D. Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone15. A. Local people share healthy diet with each other.B. Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim.C. Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter.D. Government officials persevere in physical exercise.16. A. Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB. Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries.C. Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time.D. Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. Neither of them can find a suitable game.B. They are both enthusiastic about games.C. Good games cost a large amount of money.D. They often go Dutch when buying gifts.18. A. It includes fantasy role-playing.B. It doesn't have an actual ending.C. It is an expensive online game.高三英语第3页共19页D. It is something like a racing game.19. A. Players have opportunities to make new friends.B. Players can have face-to-face communication.C. Players may be rewarded with delicious food.D. Players can start the game at any time they want.20. A. Add variety to the recommended game.B. Look around to find a cheaper online game.C. Persuade the woman to change her mind.D. Try to find an extraordinary online game.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.(22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) __________ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) __________ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant高三英语第4页共19页naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.(26) __________ (know)locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 metres (27) __________ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.Now the researchers (28) __________ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) __________ (breed) for commercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) __________ (report) Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ___31___ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ___32___ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ___33___ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your fr iend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ___34___ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protec t your own ___35___.高三英语第5页共19页How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1.How does this relationship affect me?Every ___36___ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37___ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ___38___ to try something new.2.Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try t o keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ___39___ you it’s yourobligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ___40___ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.S ettling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann ___41___ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.A new study in the journal Social Science Research, publishing in October, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational ___42___, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them. In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were_ 43_ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.高三英语第6页共19页The research shows that the number of books for each household 44_ greatly from country to country. 45 _, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total 46 _ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere” , according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study.The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n)_47_ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.The Guardian newspaper commented that “bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.""Reading books in a young age can _ 48 shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy; its impacts are __49 to additional years of education." Sikora told Science Alert.Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success."Early _50_ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that 5l_ lifelong cognitive (认知的)abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are_ 52_ to future development.Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could_ 53_ the importance of printed books. For now, 54_, "they still seem to_ 55_ quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.41. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly42 A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development43. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated44 A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies45 A By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total46. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions47. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar高三英语第7页共19页48. A. make up for B break up with C. live up to D. catch up with49 A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar50. A. addition B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure51. A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire52. A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory53. A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect54. A. therefore B. however C otherwise D. likewise55. A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)"Don't tell anyone". We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. We're often tempted to “spill the beans”, even if we regret it laterAccording to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, US, keeping a secret may well “become a burden". This is because people often have an "obsessive (无法摆脱的) and anxious urge to share it with someone".An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all? Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people share高三英语第8页共19页secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. "Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone." according to Shah.He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out. But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret.Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret, you'd better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore.56. The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to ________.A. let out a secretB. tell the truthC. eat our wordsD. take gossip57. A person who is entrusted with a secret ________.A. is oft often obsessed with a certain threatB. often would rather not have been told about itC. usually has a strong desire to keep it until deathD. may suffer from physical or psychological problems58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves.B. Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt.C. It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand.D. Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets.59. What’s the best title for the passage?高三英语第9页共19页A. Walls have ears.B. Still tongues make wise heads.C. A word spoken is past recalling.D. Every wall has a crack.(B)Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder? Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress-free day. With a range of time-saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists, this is the only festive menu you'll ever need. Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2pmView and print our at-a-glance infographic time plan.·11am Take your turkey out of the fridge.·11.30am Heat the oven. Prepare the rosemary butter and rub underneath the turkey skin.·12pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast.·12.15pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables. Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze. Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts.·1pm Baste the turkey, pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird. Return to the oven.· 1.10pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter.高三英语第10页共19页· 1.25pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven.· 1.30pm Check the turkey—take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C. Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking.· 1.35pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze, then put in the oven.·1.40 pm Make the gravy, cook the sprouts and keep warm.·2 pm Sit down to the starter, with everything for your lunch ready to go.·The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ,so you can d o it once you’ve enjoyed the ma in course.Buy your ingredientsWe’ve pre-loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go. Just click below to be taken to your shopping list, where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket, and remove any ingredients as needed, and even print the list, to use direct when shopping.(Serves 6)·Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk. Please check your list thoroughly before purchasing. If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you’ll need to do this manually. Please als o check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program, as you may prefer a different brand from that listed.60.Which section CAN’T we find on the website?A. Classic cocktailsB. Vegetarian ChristmasC. Roast calculatorD. Wealth management61.How long does it take to toast the turkey?高三英语第11页共19页A.1 hourB.2 hoursC.1.5 hoursD.2.5 hours62.Which of the following is True?A. The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert.B. The automatically-generated shopping list is just for user’s reference.C. Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand.D. You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click.（C）You’re walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps .Undoubtedly ,it means that there’s someone around. But have you ever wonder why it occurs to us that it’s someone else’s footsteps , not ours?According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research entered on an intuition(直觉)---that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ---as a vehicle for understanding larger neural(神经系统的) phenomena; how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one’s own movements in r elation to those of their larger environments.In the experiment, research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like “running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note”, senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.Scientists found that their auditory cortex (听觉皮层) – the area of the brain that processes sound – became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it.“ It’s almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter(过滤) out the sound of their own movements.” David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science高三英语第12页共19页at New York University, told HuffPost.But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the “sensory filter” in a mouse’s brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds.“For mice, this is really important,” said Schneider. “They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when they’re walking and making noise.Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument."When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we are going to hear – such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano –and we compare this to what we actually hear, "explains Schneider. “We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play – and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors.”63. What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?A. Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB. They are able to detect sounds other animals don’t notice.C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.64. What’s the function of the sensory filter?A. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.B. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD. Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.65. Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played?高三英语第13页共19页A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.C. He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.B. The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.高三英语第14页共19页Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000participants.________67________.The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent."__________68____________.Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.___________69___________. The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.___________70___________. As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed. But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you are talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk". You may find yourself feeling more positive--and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the高三英语第15页共19页passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologi st at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Po pular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.高三英语第16页共19页72.无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利。