2019届湖北省荆门市沙洋中学、龙泉中学、钟祥一中、京山一中四校高三下六月考前模拟数学(理)(解析版)

龙泉中学钟祥一中京山一中沙洋中学2019届高三四校六月模拟考试语文试卷第I卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

①若想要叙述整个世界的历史，不偏不倚地讲述整个人类的故事，便不能仅仅依靠文字。

因为世界上只有部分地区拥有文字，大多数地区在历史上的大部分时期都没有发展出文字。

书写是人类在发展后期才取得的成就，直至近代，即使一些文化程度较高的社会，在记录自己的忧虑与渴望时，使用的载体依然不仅有文字，也包括物品。

②一部理想的历史记录应该把文字和物品结合起来，但在很多情况下这是无法完成的。

最能清楚地表现文字历史与非文字历史不对称的例子也许是库克船长的探险队与澳大利亚土著在植物学湾的第一次相遇。

在英国方面，我们对这一特殊的日子有科学记载及船长日志为证，而在澳大利亚方面，他们仅有一面木制盾牌。

如果我们想要重构那一天的真实情境，就需要像对待那些文字记录一样，深入而严谨地对这面盾牌进行研究和解读。

③除了双向误解之外，还有由胜利带来的有意或无意的扭曲。

历史通常是由胜利者书写的，尤其在只有胜利者知道如何书写的时候。

至于失败者，那些被征服或毁灭的社会，通常只能通过物品来讲述事件。

当我们研究有文字的社会与无文字的社会之间的接触时，需要参考的则不仅是文字，也应包括物品。

④这些全部知易行难。

通过文献解读历史是人们熟知的程式，数百年来我们已经学会该如何判断文字材料的坦白、失真与诡计。

而对于物品来说，当然也有考古学、科学和人类学的专业知识结构来帮助我们提出关键性的问题，但我们还必须加上一定程度的想象，才能构建出这些物品的前世今生。

我们需要借助尽可能丰富和诗意的想象，才能真正理解它们所传达的深刻内涵。

⑤这是我们了解许多文化的唯一途径。

这是一个复杂而又充满不确定因素的过程，这些历经层层文化转译的物品需要再次被严格审视，重新想象。

⑥这些充满想象力的解读和欣赏是“通过文物看历史”的关键，对过往文化的重建是理解人类共性的基石。

荆门市龙泉中学、钟祥一中、京山一中、沙洋中学2019届高三四校六月模拟考试生物试题1.下列关于蛋白质和核酸的叙述，错误的是A. 蛋白质与核酸的合成过程，均需要对方的参与B. 蛋白质与核酸彻底水解得到的都是各自的单体C. 氨基酸的数量及序列影响蛋白质的结构和功能D. 蛋白质结构多样性的根本原因是核酸的多样性【答案】B【解析】【分析】蛋白质具有多样性的原因是：氨基酸的种类、数目和排列顺序不同，多肽链的条数不同，蛋白质的空间结构不同。

【详解】A、蛋白质是由核酸控制合成的，核酸的合成过程需要化学本质是蛋白质的酶的催化，因此蛋白质与核酸的合成过程，均需要对方的参与，A正确；B、蛋白质彻底水解得到的是其单体--氨基酸，而核酸彻底水解得到的不是其单体（核苷酸），而是磷酸、五碳糖和碱基，B错误；C、据分析可知氨基酸的数量及序列影响蛋白质的结构和功能，C正确；D、蛋白质是由核酸控制合成的，因此蛋白质结构多样性的根本原因是核酸的多样性，D正确。

故选B。

2.下列有关生物膜及跨膜运输的叙述，错误的是A. 卵细胞运输营养和代谢废物的效率比白细胞的运输效率低B. 改变细胞膜上蛋白质的种类和数量，可能会影响物质跨膜运输的速率C. 温度能影响物质跨膜运输的速率一定是因为温度影响了酶的活性D. 物质能否进出细胞核与物质的分子大小无关【答案】C【解析】【分析】1、生物膜包括细胞膜、细胞器膜、核膜；2、物质跨膜运输的方式有自由扩散、协助扩散（需要载体）和主动运输（需要载体和能量）。

【详解】A、卵细胞的体积大于白细胞的体积，卵细胞的相对表面积低于白细胞，故卵细胞运输营养和代谢废物的效率比白细胞的运输效率低，A正确；B、主动运输和协助扩散均需载体蛋白的协助，故改变细胞膜上蛋白质的种类和数量，可能会影响物质跨膜运输的速率，B正确；C、温度可以影响到组成膜的磷脂和蛋白质的流动性,可以说在一定范围内随温度升高，磷脂和蛋白质的流动性加快，物质交换效率提高，也可以影响与细胞呼吸有关的酶的活性，从而影响主动运输，C错误；D、一般来说大分子物质通过核孔进出细胞核，小分子物质通过核膜进出细胞核，构成细胞核的核膜与核孔均具有选择透过性，这是根据自身代谢活动的需要选择性的吸收一些物质分子，与分子大小无关，D正确。

2019年湖北省荆门市沙洋中学、某校、钟祥一中、京山一中等四校联考高考英语模拟试卷（6月份）第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．1. HolidaysHoliday NewsVacancies （空位） now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon． This comfortable, friendly home﹣from﹣home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but just a drive away from the sea． The food is simple but good． Children and pets are welcome．Reduced prices for low season．The Snowdonia CenterThe Snowdonia Center for young mountain climbers has a mountain climbing lesson．The beginners' costs are ￡57 for a week, including food and rooms． Equipment is included except walking shoes, which can be hired at a low cost．You must be in good health and prepared to go through a period of body exercises． This could be the beginning of a lifetime of mountain climbing adventure．The World Sea Trip of a LifetimeOur World Sea Trip of 2019 will be unlike any holiday you have ever been onbefore． Instead of one hotel after another, with all its packing and unpacking waiting and traveling, you just go to bed in one country and wake up in another．On board the ship, you will be well taken care of． Every meal will be first﹣class and every cabin like your home．During the trip, you can rest on deck（甲板）, enjoy yourself in the game rooms and inthe evening dance to our musical team and watch our wonderful play．You will visit all the places most people only dream about ﹣ from Acapulco and Hawaii to Tokyo and Hong Kong．For a few thousand pounds, all you've ever hoped for can be yours．（1）What can you do if you like to go on holidays with pets？________A Choose the holiday in Devon．B Go to the Snowdonia CentreC Join the World Sea Trip of 2008D Visit Acapulco and Hawaii．（2）In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays？________A It provides chances of family gatherings．B It provides customers with good food．C It offers a sport lesson．D It offers comfortable room．．（3）What is special about the World Sea Trip of 2019？________A You can have free meals on deck every day．B You can sleep on a ship and tour many places．C You will have chances to watch and act in a play．D You have to do your own packing and unpacking．2. Short and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team． "Football, tennis cricket ﹣ anything with a round ball, I was useless, " he says nowwith a laugh． But back then, he was the object of jokes in school gym classes in England's rural Devonshire．It was a mountain bike he received for his 15tℎ birthday that changed him． At first the teen went biking alone in a nearby forest． Then he began to cycle along with a runner friend． Gradually, Saunders set his mind building up his body, increasing hisspeed, strength and endurance． At age 18, he ran his first marathon．The following year, he met John Ridgway, who became famous in the 1960s for rowing an open boat across the Atlantic Ocean． Saunders was hired as an instructor at Ridgway's school of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about the older man's cold﹣water exploits（成就）． ________, Saunders read all he could about Arctic explorers and North Pole expeditions, then decided that this would be his future．Journeys to the Pole aren't the usual holidays for British country boys, and many people dismissed his dream as fantasy． "John Ridgway was one of the few who didn't say, ‘You are completely crazy, ' " Saunders says．In 2001, after becoming a skilled skier, Saunders started his first long﹣distance expedition toward the North Pole． He suffered frostbite, had a closer encounter（遭遇）with a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit．Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he's skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other Briton． His old playmates would not believe the transformation．This October, Saunders, 27, heads south to explore from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, an 1800﹣mile journey that has never been completed on skis．（1）We can learn from the text that Ridgway________．A dismissed Saunders' dream as fantasyB built up his body together with SaundersC hired Saunders for his cold﹣water experienceD won his fame for his voyage across the Atlantic．（2）What do we know about Saunders？________A He once worked at a school in Scotland．B He followed Ridgway to explore the North Pole．C He was chosen for the school sports team as a kid．D He was the first Briton to ski alone to the North Pole．．（3）The underlined word "Intrigued" in the third paragraph probably means________．A ExcitedB ConvincedC DelightedD Fascinated．（4）It can be inferred that Saunders' journey to the North Pole________．A was accompanied by his old playmatesB set a record in the North Pole expeditionC was supported by other Arctic explorersD made him well﹣known in the 1960s．3. The world economy has run into a brick wall． Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to deal with a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead． The result is a global food crisis． Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years． And oilprices have increased more than three times since the start of 2004． These food﹣price increases combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability． Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally．Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis． The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity． Malawi's harvest doubled after just one year． An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or ﹩10 billion altogether．Second, the U．S． and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels． The U．S． government gives farmers a taxpayer﹣financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol （乙醇） changed from corn． There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods ﹣ tree crops, grasses and wood products ﹣ but there's no case for the government to pay to put the world's dinner into the gas tank．Third, we urgently need to weather﹣proof the world's crops as soon and as effectively as possible． For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond ﹣ which collects rainwater to be used in dry weather ﹣ can make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one． The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate﹣proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise．（1）An international fund based on the Malawi model would________．A cost each of the developed countries ﹩10 billion per yearB aim to double the harvest in southern African countries in a yearC decrease the food prices as well as the energy pricesD give poor farmers access to fertilizer and highly productive seeds．（2）With the second step， the author expresses the idea that________．A it is not wise to change food crops into gasB it is misleading to put tree crops into the gas tankC we should get alternative forms of fuel in any wayD biofuels should be developed on a large scale．（3）Which of the following is True according to the passage？________A A rain﹣collecting pond is a simple safeguard against dry weather．B A Climate Adaptation Fund has been established to help the poor．C The world has made a serious promise to build farm ponds．D It makes a great difference whether we develop food products or not．．（4）In the passage， the author calls on us to________．A slow down but not to stop economic．B develop tree crops， grasses and food productsC achieve economic growth and political stabilityD act now so as to relieve the global food shortage．4. The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the sameagain． In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally﹣aware music﹣lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco﹣friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home．Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10, 000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year． For his final year project at the University of the West ofEngland, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled． And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof．Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr． Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs．The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr． Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business． To raise money for the idea, he toured the City's private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint． He introduced his idea to four of Mint's directors and won their support． Mint has committed around ￡500, 000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr． Dunlop's business． The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year．Mr． Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics．For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival﹣goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards． They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior（外部的） advertising space．The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonhury having some 150, 000 each year． Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK． The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious．（1）"Eco﹣friendly tents" in paragraph 1 refer to tents________．A economically desirableB favorable to the environmentC for holding music performancesD designed for disaster relief．（2）Mr． Dunlop established his business________．A independently with an interest﹣free loan from MintB with the approval of the City's administrationC in partnership with a finance groupD with the help of a Japanese architect．（3）It is implied in the passage that________．A the weather in the UK． is changeable in summerB most performances at British festivals are given in the open airC the cardboard tents produced by Mr． Dunlop can be user﹣tailoredD cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users．（4）The passage is mainly concerned with________．A an attempt at developing recyclable tentsB some efforts at making full use ofcardboards C an unusual success of a graduation project D the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals．第二节（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．5. The UN has recognized the contributions of volunteers on Dec． 5， International Volunteer Day． Here， the four things are offered to consider before taking the leap into overseas volunteering．Choose your organization carefully（1）_______ volunteering may be a fundraising mechanism（筹资机制） for a development project． For others， volunteering is fundamental to their programs， and those serving take on professional roles in longer﹣term development．（2）_______Volunteers want to help and make a difference， but most know this isn't a purely selfless act． You will learn new skills， broaden your horizons and come to better understand yourself and the world．（3）_______Reflect on your motivations． You want to help reduce global poverty or protect the natural world， but what else？ Have you always wanted to travel， but not as a tourist？ Work with kids？ When you understand your motivations，you'll be in a better position to choose the option that is right for you．Work alongside the local communityOften times， travelers volunteer in isolation（隔离） from the local community in which they are working in．（4）_______ This enables you to ensure you are committing to a project that promotes long term and sustainable change．A volunteer trip is just the beginning（5）_______ Further ignite（点燃） the global change maker in you by taking your experience one step further when you return home． Spread the message of your transformative experience to others， helping to spark the change within them．A． And that's all OK．B． Know why you're going．C． Don't assume you know it all．D． Communities always welcome volunteers．E． Volunteer travel is a life﹣changing experience．F． Some organizations require you to pay your own way， and often include a fee．G． Make sure to travel with organizations that have strong partnerships with local communities．第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．6. That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco． There I was, walking home at one o'clock in the （1）_______ after a tiring practice at the theatre． With （2）_______night only a week away, I was still learning my （3）_______． Iwas having （4）_______dealing with my part﹣time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time． As I walked, I thought （5）_______ about giving up both acting and San Francisco． City life had become too much for me．As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold． I began （6）_______, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible （7）_______． Very few people were still out except a few sad﹣looking （8）_______people under blankets．About a block from my （9）_______, I heard a sound behind me． I turned quickly, half （10）_______to see someone with a knife or a gun． The street was empty． All I saw was a shining streetlight（11）_______, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster． Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been． It had been my（12）_______falling to the sidewalk．Suddenly I wasn't cold or tired anymore． I ran out of the door and back to （13）_______I'd heard the noise． Although I searched the anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found．Just as I was about to give up the search（14）_______, I heard the garbage truck pull up to the sidewalk next to me． When a （15）_______called from the inside, "Alisa Camacho? " I thought I was （16）_______． How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out （17）_______ a small red﹣haired man with an amused look in his eyes． "Is this what you're looking for? " he asked, （18）_______up a small square shape．It was nearly 3 A．M． by the time I got into bed． I wouldn't get much sleep that night, but I had gotten my wallet back． I also had gotten back some enjoyment of （19）_______life． I realized that the city couldn't be a bad place （20）_______ people were willing to help each other．（1）A morningB afternoonC duskD day（2）A preparingB closingC openingD celebrating（3）A accountsB numbersC songsD lines（4）A chanceB troubleC faithD hope（5）A seriouslyB jokinglyC happilyD excitedly（6）A walkingB cryingC runningD shaking（7）A actorsB driversC beggarsD robbers（8）A carelessB homelessC sleeplessD aimless（9）A theatreB apartmentC bankD school（10）A expectingB hopingC preparingD calculating（11）A ThereforeB InsteadC MoreoverD Still（12）A cellphoneB walletC bookD passport（13）A whenB whichC whereD what（14）A walletB pocketC buildingD sidewalk（15）A voiceB directorC womanD manager（16）A sleepingB flyingC dreamingD puzzling（17）A ranB jumpedC climbedD fell（18）A throwingB tearingC puttingD holding（19）A cityB farmC bankD theatre（20）A as far asB as well asC as long asD as much as第二节（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．7. I won't call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to（1）________（hold）chopsticks． In fact， I'm pretty sure that my technique looks clumsy at times． I tend to hold （2）________（I） in the middle， more beginner than expert．Still， since I eat almost every meal with the eating utensil（器皿）of choice in China it's not uncommon for a new friend or acquaintance to come to a simple（3）________（conclude）after observing me that my Chinese husband， Jun， must（4）________（show） me how to use them．They are wrong． I've used chopsticks ever since I was a teenager， a time when my sister and mother were both fond of Chinese cuisine and introduced me （5）________many new dishes， along with the（6）________ （prefer） utensils in China． We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our （7）________（knife）， forks and spoons， ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner． It was my closest family（8）________observed my first mistakes I made in using chopsticks．Plus， I lived over two years in China before Jun and I started dating and I （9）________（expect） to use chopsticks in almost every restaurant， stand and bar． Trust me， when you're hungry you figure out pretty fast what it takes to down（咽下）（10）________meal with these utensils．第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）8. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．A homeless man named Shen Wei in Shanghai had become famous overnight on the Chinese Internet recently．Different from other homeless man， Shen， with uncombed hair and soiled clothes， is quite familiar with literature and philosophy． He has been in the habit of collecting the rubbish for many years and spends his days sorted the rubbish he collects， reading， and drawing．Clips of him quoting Confucius， Aristotle and Dante has been recorded， shared across social media on Douyin， a short﹣video platform and watched close by millions． Many people amazed at his knowledge and call himself Master Shen． But Shen is unhappy about this， said the fame has brought him nothing and trouble．第二节书面表达（满分25分）9. 假定你是李华，在某英文网站上看到一家国际文化机构招聘中学生暑期志愿者．请根据以下提示，用英语写一封自荐信．要点包括：1．表达兴趣；2．阐述自己的优势；3．希望得到回复．注意：1．词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．Dear Sir/Madam，______Yours SincerelyLi Hua2019年湖北省荆门市沙洋中学、某校、钟祥一中、京山一中等四校联考高考英语模拟试卷（6月份）答案1. ACB2. DADB3. DAAD4. BCCA5. F,B,A,G,E6. ACDBACDBBADBCDACBDAC7. holding,mine,conclusion,have shown,to,preferred,knives,who/that,was expected,a8. A homeless man named Shen Wei in Shanghai had become famous overnight on the Chinese Internet recently．Different from other homeless man， Shen， with uncombed hair and soiled clothes， is quite familiarwith literature and philosophy． He has been in the habit of collecting the rubbish for many years and spends his days sorted the rubbish he collects， reading， and drawing．Clips of him quoting Confucius， Aristotle and Dante has been recorded， shared across social media on Douyin， a short﹣video platform and watched close by millions．Many people∧ amazed at his knowledge and call himself Master Shen． But Shen is unhappy about this，said the fame has brought nothing and trouble．详1． had改为has，考查时态，recently和现在完成时态连用，主语为单数名词，所以用has．2． man改为men，考查名词的数，man为可数名词，前面有other，所以用复数名词．3． sorted改为sorting，考查动名词，spend time （in）doing sth花费时间做某事．4． has改为have，考查主谓一致，主语为复数名词clips，所以用have．5． close改为closely，考查副词，修饰动词，所以用副词，表示抽象意义，所以用closely"密切地"．6． people后面加are，考查固定搭配，be amazed at对…吃惊．7． himself改为him，考查人称代词，别人称呼他，所以用宾格代词him作宾语．8． said改为saying，考查现在分词，say和句子主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语．9．去掉has，考查时态，主句谓语用过去式，said后跟宾语从句，所以用过去时态．10． and改为but，考查介词，表示"声誉除了麻烦什么都没有带来．"，所以用介词but．9. Dear Sir/Madam．I'm Li Hua， a middle school student from China． I'm writing to apply for the job as a summer volunteer that you have advertised on the internet．【高分句型一】（表达兴趣）I've been learning English for ten years， so I can communicate with other members in fluent English． Beside， I'm outgoing and warm﹣hearted， which makes it easy for me to make friends with students from other countries．【高分句型二】 On top of that， I would be able to tell students from other countries about Chinese culture and learn about their culture as well．（阐述自己的优势）I would appreciate an interview at your convenience． Looking forward to your early reply．（希望得到回复）Yours SincerelyLi Hua。

龙泉中学钟祥一中京山一中沙洋中学2019届高三四校六月模拟考试理科综合能力测试全卷满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

2019年6月1日9:00～11:30可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 P 31 Cl 35.5 Na 23一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．下列关于蛋白质和核酸的叙述，错误的是A．蛋白质与核酸的合成过程，均需要对方的参与B．蛋白质与核酸彻底水解得到的都是各自的单体C．氨基酸的数量及序列影响蛋白质的结构和功能D．蛋白质结构多样性的根本原因是核酸的多样性2．下列有关生物膜及跨膜运输的叙述，错误的是A．卵细胞运输营养和代谢废物的效率比白细胞的运输效率低B．改变细胞膜上蛋白质的种类和数量，可能会影响物质跨膜运输的速率C．温度能影响物质跨膜运输的速率一定是因为温度影响了酶的活性D．物质能否进出细胞核与物质的分子大小无关3．下列关于植物激素叙述正确的是A．黄花豌豆幼苗切段中的生长素可以促进乙烯的合成来抑制细胞的伸长B．植物激素是通过参与细胞代谢而给细胞传递信息的分子C．单侧光既可影响生长素的极性运输又可影响生长素的横向运输D．成熟期喷洒一定浓度细胞分裂素溶液可以加速植物正常生长发育和果实成熟4．研究发现，多数真核生物基因中编码蛋白质的序列被一些不编码蛋白质的序列隔开，这些不编码蛋白质的序列称为内含子。

这类基因经转录、加工后形成的成熟mRNA中只含有编码蛋白质序列的信息。

下列有关说法错误的是A．真核生物基因中，两条单链中(A+T)／(G+C)的比值相等B．成熟mRNA中不含内含子对应的序列，说明内含子不会转录C．基因中的模板链与其成熟mRNA杂交可以检测基因中是否存在内含子D．真核生物基因中内含子部位发生碱基对的替换往往不会导致性状改变5．对比肺炎双球菌的体内转化实验与体外转化实验，下列说法错误的是A．两个实验中转化形成的S型菌都可以将性状遗传给后代B．两个实验都遵循对照原则和单一变量原则C．两个实验中均只有少部分R型菌被转化成了S型菌D．两个实验均把转化因子和其他物质分开，单独处理并观察它们各自的作用6．下列关于生物进化的叙述，错误的是A．共生关系的两种生物在进化过程中可形成适应对方的特征B．种群内个体之间的差异越大，种群越不易遭环境淘汰C．生物进化过程中，种群基因频率可能改变，也可能没有改变D．对于一个处于地理隔离的小种群来说，当种群进一步减少时，其根本的潜在威胁是丧失基因多样性7．下列解释工业生产或应用的化学用语中，不正确．．．的是A．氯碱工业中制备氯气：2NaCl(熔融) 2Na + Cl2↑B．工业制硫酸的主要反应之一：2SO2 + O22SO3C．氨氧化法制硝酸的主要反应之一：4NH3 + 5O24NO + 6H2OD．利用铝热反应焊接铁轨：2Al + Fe2O3Al2O3 + 2Fe8．国庆期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S-诱抗素制剂以保证鲜花盛开，S-诱抗素的分子结构如图。

荆门市龙泉中学、钟祥一中、京山一中、沙洋中学2019届高三四校六月模拟考试地理试题一、选择题。

下图为柳絮飘飞景观图。

据此完成下列各题。

1. 南方柳絮飘飞较少的主要原因是A. 风力较小B. 光照较多C. 气温较高D. 降水较多2. 柳絮飘飞对当地造成的不利影响主要有①诱发火灾②影响出行安全③引起呼吸道疾病④阻碍物种繁衍A. ①②③B. ②③④C. ①③④D. ①②④3. 一天中柳树飘絮较多的时段可能是A. 清晨B. 午后C. 傍晚D. 深夜【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B【解析】【分析】本题考查学生迁移运用地理知识的能力。

解答此题最关键的是结合生活实际和所学知识，明确柳絮飘飞的条件，并由此推测南方与北方、一天中不同时刻相比，柳絮飘飞的差异。

这就要求学生平时注意观察生活，并将学科知识融合，理解生活中的现象。

【1题详解】根据生活经验，每年四月开始，北方部分地区柳絮飘飞，也就是说柳絮飞舞的季节主要是春季。

四月份，南方气温较高是柳絮飞舞的条件，C 不对；四月南方雨季到来，光照较少，B 不对；四月南方相比较于北方，风力较小，降水较多，二者都是限制柳絮飞舞的条件，此时南方和北方比较，四月雨带到达南方，降水多少是最大的差别，因此正确答案选D ，ABC 错误。

【2题详解】柳絮是过敏源，会引起打喷嚏、流鼻涕、易引发过敏症状，引起呼吸道疾病；柳絮容易飞入眼睛，导致眼睛不适，甚至阻碍人的视线，引起出行安全问题；柳絮是易燃物，温度较高时，极有可能引发火灾，所以避免在有柳絮的地方抽烟和用火；①②③正确。

春季飞絮实际上是雌性杨树、柳树自然繁衍的现象，飞絮里携带的黑色颗粒，就是雌树的种子，白絮借助风力在空气中飘飞，然后落地生根、生长壮大，有利于物种繁衍，④是有利的方面。

选A 。

【3题详解】柳絮一般在气温高、风力大、天气晴朗的条件下产生并飘飞。

清晨、傍晚和深夜温度都较低，午后是一天中气温最高的时候，柳絮一般在这个时间成熟脱落。

荆门市龙泉中学、钟祥一中、京山一中、沙洋中学2019届高三四校六月模拟考试生物试题1.下列关于蛋白质和核酸的叙述，错误的是A. 蛋白质与核酸的合成过程，均需要对方的参与B. 蛋白质与核酸彻底水解得到的都是各自的单体C. 氨基酸的数量及序列影响蛋白质的结构和功能D. 蛋白质结构多样性的根本原因是核酸的多样性2.下列有关生物膜及跨膜运输的叙述，错误的是A. 卵细胞运输营养和代谢废物的效率比白细胞的运输效率低B. 改变细胞膜上蛋白质的种类和数量，可能会影响物质跨膜运输的速率C. 温度能影响物质跨膜运输的速率一定是因为温度影响了酶的活性D. 物质能否进出细胞核与物质的分子大小无关3.下列关于植物激素叙述正确的是A. 黄花豌豆幼苗切段中的生长素可以促进乙烯的合成来抑制细胞的伸长B. 植物激素是通过参与细胞代谢而给细胞传递信息的分子C. 单侧光既可影响生长素的极性运输又可影响生长素的横向运输D. 成熟期喷洒一定浓度细胞分裂素溶液可以加速植物正常生长发育和果实成熟4.研究发现，多数真核生物基因中编码蛋白质的序列被一些不编码蛋白质的序列隔开，这些不编码蛋白质的序列称为内含子。

这类基因经转录、加工后形成的成熟mRNA中只含有编码蛋白质序列的信息。

下列有关说法错误的是A. 真核生物基因中，两条单链中(A+T)／(G+C)的比值相等B. 成熟mRNA中不含内含子对应序列，说明内含子不会转录C. 基因中的模板链与其成熟mRNA杂交可以检测基因中是否存在内含子D. 真核生物基因中内含子部位发生碱基对的替换往往不会导致性状改变5.对比肺炎双球菌的体内转化实验与体外转化实验，下列说法错误的是A. 两个实验中转化形成S 型菌都可以将性状遗传给后代B. 两个实验都遵循对照原则和单一变量原则C. 两个实验中均只有少部分R 型菌被转化成了S 型菌D. 两个实验均把转化因子和其他物质分开，单独处理并观察它们各自的作用6.下列关于生物进化的叙述，错误的是A. 共生关系的两种生物在进化过程中可形成适应对方的特征B. 种群内个体之间的差异越大，种群越不易遭环境淘汰C. 生物进化过程中，种群基因频率可能改变，也可能没有改变D. 对于一个处于地理隔离的小种群来说，当种群进一步减少时，其根本的潜在威胁是丧失基因多样性 7.某小组利用草莓对影响光合作用因素及果实发育期光合产物的转移进行了相关实验。

荆门市龙泉中学、钟祥一中、京山一中、沙洋中学2019届高三四校六月模拟考试化学试题 1.下列解释工业生产或应用的化学用语中，不正确的是A.氯碱工业中制备氯气：2NaCl(熔融)2Na + Cl↑2B.工业制硫酸的主要反应之一：2SO+O2 2C.氨氧化法制硝酸的主要反应之一：4NH+ 5O3 2D.利用铝热反应焊接铁轨：2Al +Fe O2 32SO34NO + 6H O2Al O + 2Fe2 3【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题主要考查化学与生活、生产工业之间的联系。

A.考虑到氯碱工业实质是电解饱和食盐水，而不是电解熔融的氯化钠；B.工业制备硫酸，主要有三个阶段，分别是：①煅烧黄铁矿：4FeS+11O2 28SO+2Fe O；2 2 3②SO的催化氧化：2SO +O 22 22SO；③用98.3%的浓硫酸吸收，再稀释的所需浓度的硫酸SO 33+ H O=H SO。

2 2 4C.工业制硝酸，主要反应为：①氨气的催化氧化：4NH+5O3 2＝2HNO+NO；34NO+6H O；②2NO+O＝2NO；③3NO+H O2 2 2 2 2D.利用铝热反应焊接铁轨，主要利用了铝的强还原性，其反应为：2Al+Fe O2 3Al O+ 2Fe。

2 3【详解】A.以电解食盐水为基础制取氯气等产品的工业称为氯碱工业，则氯碱工业中制备氯气的化学方程式为：2NaCl+2H O 2NaOH+H↑+Cl↑，故A错误；2 2 2B.工业制硫酸的主要反应之一为二氧化硫的催化氧化，化学方程式为：2SO+O2 2正确；C.氨氧化法制硝酸的主要反应之一为氨气的催化氧化，化学方程式为：4NH+5O3 2正确；D.工业上可以利用F e O或F e O发生铝热反应焊接铁轨，化学方程式为：2Al+Fe O2 3 3 4 2 3故D正确；本题答案选A。

2SO，故B34NO+6H O，故C2Al O+2Fe，2 3．．．【点睛】高中阶段常见的工业制备及其所设计的化学方程式如下：1.工业制备硫酸：4FeS+11O2 28SO+2Fe O；2SO+ O2 23 2 22SO；SO +H O= H SO。

荆门市龙泉中学、钟祥一中、京山一中、沙洋中学2019届高三四校六月模拟考试化学试题1.下列解释工业生产或应用的化学用语中，不正确．．．的是A. 氯碱工业中制备氯气：2NaCl(熔融) 2Na + Cl2↑B. 工业制硫酸的主要反应之一：2SO2 + O22SO3C. 氨氧化法制硝酸的主要反应之一：4NH3 + 5O24NO + 6H2OD. 利用铝热反应焊接铁轨：2Al + Fe2O3Al2O3 + 2Fe【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题主要考查化学与生活、生产工业之间的联系。

A.考虑到氯碱工业实质是电解饱和食盐水，而不是电解熔融的氯化钠；B.工业制备硫酸，主要有三个阶段，分别是：①煅烧黄铁矿：4FeS2+11O28SO2+2Fe2O3；② SO2的催化氧化：2SO2 + O22SO3；③用98.3%的浓硫酸吸收，再稀释的所需浓度的硫酸SO3 + H2O = H2SO4。

C.工业制硝酸，主要反应为：①氨气的催化氧化：4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O；②2NO+O2＝2NO2；③3NO2+H2O＝2HNO3+NO；D. 利用铝热反应焊接铁轨，主要利用了铝的强还原性，其反应为：2Al + Fe2O3Al2O3 + 2Fe。

【详解】A.以电解食盐水为基础制取氯气等产品的工业称为氯碱工业，则氯碱工业中制备氯气的化学方程式为：2NaCl+2H2O 2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑，故A错误；B.工业制硫酸的主要反应之一为二氧化硫的催化氧化，化学方程式为：2SO2 + O22SO3，故B正确；C.氨氧化法制硝酸的主要反应之一为氨气的催化氧化，化学方程式为：4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O，故C 正确；D.工业上可以利用Fe2O3或Fe3O4发生铝热反应焊接铁轨，化学方程式为：2Al + Fe2O3Al2O3 + 2Fe，故D正确；本题答案选A。

【点睛】高中阶段常见的工业制备及其所设计的化学方程式如下：1.工业制备硫酸：4FeS2+11O28SO2+2Fe2O3；2SO2 + O22SO3；SO3 + H2O = H2SO4。