北外历年试题

I.Reading Comprehension (60 points).AMultiple Choice (36 points).Please read the following passages and choose A, B, C or D to best complete the statements about them.The Greening of America— How America is likely to take over leadership of the fight against climate change; and how it can get it right.A country with a presidential system tends to get identified with its leader. So, for the rest of the world, America is George Bush's America right now. It is the country that has mismanaged the Iraq war; holds prisoners without trial at Guantánamo Bay; restricts funding for stem-cell research because of fundamentalist religious beliefs; and destroyed the chance of a globalclimate-change deal based on the Kyoto Protocol.But to simplify thus is to misunderstand—especially in the case of the huge, federal America. One of its great strengths is the diversity of its political, economic and cultural life. While the White House dug its heels in on global warming, much of the rest of the country was moving. That's what forced the president's concession to greens in the state-of-the-union address. His poll ratings sinking under the weight of Iraq, President Bush is grasping for popular issues to keep him afloat; and global warming has evidently become such an issue. Albeit in the context of energy security, a now familiar concern of his, President Bush spoke for the first time to Congress of "the serious challenge of global climate change" and proposed measures designed, in part, to combat it.It's the weather, appropriately, that has turned public opinion—starting with Hurricane Katrina. Scientists had been warning Americans for years that the risk of "extreme weather events" would probably increase as a result of climate change. But scientific papers do not drive messages home asconvincingly as the destruction of a city. And the heat wave that torched America's west coast last year, accompanied by a constant drip of new research on melting glaciers and dying polar bears, has only strengthened the belief that something must be done.Business is changing its mind too. Five years ago corporate America was solidly against carbon controls. But the threat of a patchwork of state regulations, combined with the opportunity to profit from new technologies, began to shift business attitudes. And that movement has gained momentum, because companies that saw their competitors espouse carbon controls began to fear that, once the government got down to designing regulations, they would be left out of the discussion if they did not jump on the bandwagon. So now the loudest voices are not resisting change but arguing for it.Support for carbon controls has also grown among some unlikely groups: security hawks (who want to reduce America's dependence on Middle Eastern oil); farmers (who like subsidies for growing the raw material for ethanol); and evangelicals (who worry that man should looking after the Earth God gave him a little better). This alliance has helped persuade politicians to move. Arnold Schwarzenegger, California's Republican governor, has led the advance, with muscular measures legislating Kyoto-style curbs in his state. His popularity has rebounded as a result. And now there is movement too at the federal level, which is where it really matters. Bills to tackle climate change have proliferated. And three of the serious candidates for the presidency in 2008—John McCain, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama—are all pushing for federal measures.Unfortunately, President Bush's newfound interest in climate change is coupled with, and distorted by, his focus on energy security. Reducing America's petrol consumption by 20% 2017, a target he announced in the state-of-the-union address, would certainly diminish the country's dependence on Middle Eastern oil, but the way he plans to go about it may not be either efficient or clean. Increasing fuel-economy standards for cars and trucks will gopart of the way, but for most of the switch America will have to rely on a greater use of alternative fuels. That means ethanol (inefficient because of heavy subsidies and high tariffs on imports of foreign ethanol) or liquefied coal (filthy because of high carbon emissions)The measure of President Bush's failure to tackle this issue seriously is his continued rejection of the only two clean and efficient solutions to climate change. One is a carbon tax, which this paper has long advocated. The second is a cap-and-trade system of the sort Europe introduced to meet the Kyoto targets. It would limit companies' emissions while allowing them to buy and sell permits to pollute. Either system should, by setting a price on carbon, discourage emission; and, in doing so, encourage the development and use of cleaner-energy technologies. Just as America's adoption of catalytic converters led eventually to the world's conversion to lead-free petrol, so its drive to clean-energy technologies will ensure that these too spread.A tax is unlikely because of America's aversion to that three-letter word. Given that, it should go for a tough cap-and-trade system. In doing so, it can usefully learn from Europe's experience. First, get good data. Europe failed to do so: companies were given too many permits, and emissions have therefore not fallen. Second, auction permits (which are, in effect, money) rather than giving them away free. Europe gave them away, which allowed polluters to make windfall profits. This will be a huge fight; for, if the federal government did what the Europeans did, it would hand out $40 billion to $50 billion in permits. Third, set a long time-horizon. Europeans do not know whether carbon emissions will still be constrained after 2012, when Kyoto runs out. Since most clean-energy projects have a payback period of more than five years, the system thus fails to encourage green investment.One of America's most admirable characteristics is its belief that it has a duty of moral leadership. At present, however, it's not doing too well on that score. Global warming could change that. By tackling the issue now it could regain the high moral ground (at the same time forging ahead in theclean-energy business, which Europe might otherwise dominate). And it looks as though it will; for even if the Toxic Texan continues to evade the issue, his successor(1)It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.[A]America is busy dealing with the Iraq war and the Guantánamo Bay prisoners[B]America is interested in stem-cell research[C]America despises the global climate-change deal[D]America declines to sign the Kyoto protocol(2)"Dig one's heels in" in the second paragraph means _______.[A]improve by pressure[B]judge by oneself[C]refuse to change one's mind[D]pay more attention to(3)Which is NOT the reason that causes the corporate America to change its mind over carboncontrols ? ________.[A]The state regulations are getting strict[B]There is an opportunity to profit from new technologies[C]Some competitors approve of carbon controls[D]The loudest voices are supporting carbon controls(4)According to the author, which is NOT a practicable way to reduce carbon emissions in America? _______.[A]Imposition of a carbon tax[B]Establishment of a cap-and-trade system[C]Permission to buy and sell permits to pollute[D]Setting a price on carbon(5)Because of the Americans' distaste for tax, the author suggests that all of the following should be done EXCEPT that ________.[A]a suitable number of permits be offered[B]the price for the permits be set[C]carbon emissions be tackled in a long-term view[D]carbon emissions be loosened after 2012(6)The polluters' "windfall profits" (para. 8) stands for _______.[A]the privilege granted by the permits[B]the unexpected lucky gain from the permits[C]the financial support from the federal government[D]the illegal interests made by the pollutersCGap Filling (14 points).Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill in each of the gaps in the text. There are more sentences than gaps.Truths to live byThe art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. (18)____________________. The rabbis of old put it this way: "A man comes into this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open."(19)_______________. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love to love when it was tendered.(20)_______________. I was hospitalized following a severe heart attack and had been in intensive care for several days. It was not a pleasant place.One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard.As we emerged from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That's all there was to my experience. Just the light of the sun. (21) ______________.I looked to see whether anyone else relished the sun's golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with their eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.The insight gleaned from that experience is really as commonplace as was the experience itself: life's gifts are precious but we are too heedless of them.Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never be too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. (22) ____________. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute.(23) _____________. This is the second side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can, may, will, be ours. (24)____________.[A]Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth.[B]But then life moves along to confront us with realities, and slowly but surely this second truth dawns upon us.[C]For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment.[D]When life is treated with the proper attitude, regret will surely not be left behind.[E]A recent experience re-taught me this truth.[F]Hold fast to life ... but not so fast that you cannot let go.[G] Be reverent before each dawning day.[H]And yet how beautiful it was --- how warming, how sparkling, how brilliant!II.Please read the following passage and translate the underlined parts into Chinese (40 points, 8 points each).Developing self-confidence(25)Confidence is a feeling — an inner fire and an outer radiance, a basic satisfaction with what one is plus a reaching out to become more.Confidence is not something a few people are born with and others are not, for it is an acquired characteristic.Confidence is the personal possession of no one; the person who has it learns it—and goes on learning. The most gifted individual on earth has to construct confidence in his gifts from the basis of faith and experience, like anybody else. The tools will differ from one person to the next, but the essential task is the same. Confidence and pose are available to us all according to our abilities and needs—not somebody else's—provided we utilize our gifts and expand them.。

北外学位英语考试真题The Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) English Proficiency Test, also known as the BFSU CET, is a comprehensive assessment designed to evaluate candidates' English language proficiency for academic and professional purposes. Covering various language skills such as listening, reading, writing, and speaking, the exam serves as a crucial benchmark for individuals seeking to demonstrate their English language abilities. Let's delve into the nature of this exam, its structure, and some key strategies for success.Firstly, the BFSU CET assesses listening comprehension, which is vital for effective communication in real-life situations. Candidates are required to listen to a range of audio recordings, including conversations, lectures, and presentations, and demonstrate their ability to understand main ideas, specific details, and implied meanings. To excel in this section, test-takers should practice active listening techniques, such as predicting content, identifying key points, and noting contextual clues.Secondly, the reading comprehension component of the BFSU CET evaluates candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze written texts across various genres and topics. Test-takers encounter passages ranging from newspaper articles and academic essays to literary extracts and informational texts. Success in this section depends on effective skimming and scanning techniques, as well as the ability to identify main ideas, supporting details, and rhetorical strategies employed by the author.Moving on to the writing section, candidates are tasked with producing coherent and well-structured essays or reports on given topics. Whether it's expressing opinions, analyzing arguments, or synthesizing information, effective writing requires clarity, organization, and appropriate language use. Test-takers should focus on developing strong thesis statements, providing relevant supporting evidence, and demonstrating logical reasoning and critical thinking skills throughout their compositions.Finally, the speaking component of the BFSU CET assesses candidates' ability to communicate orally in English. Through individual presentations, group discussions, orrole-plays, test-takers demonstrate their speaking proficiency by expressing ideas, opinions, and arguments fluently and coherently. Key factors for success include pronunciation, intonation, vocabulary range, grammatical accuracy, and the ability to engage in meaningful interactions with other speakers.In conclusion, the BFSU English Proficiency Test is a comprehensive assessment that evaluates candidates' English language skills across listening, reading, writing, and speaking domains. By understanding the exam's structure and content, as well as implementing effective study strategies and techniques, test-takers can maximize their chances of success and achieve their desired scores.。

北京外国语大学美国社会文化与研究试卷19981．Why was the formulation and the passage of the Bill or Rights taken up as the first thing when Congress met after the ratification of the Constitution?2．What was judicial review? Who initiated this practice under what circumstan ce?3．What are the serious consequences of the Vietnam War for the United Stat es?4．In the late 19th century, there was a strong and widespread anti-Chinese mo vement in the United States. What were the causes of this anti-Chinese mo vement? What role did the Chinese play in the development of the United States?5．What is Nixon Doctrine? What is the background for the doctrine? 6．What were the three essential tools of the frontiersmen when they were mo ving west? Please explain why?7．What do the values of individualism, freedom, and democracy mean to Ame ricans?8．Why do you think the Americans are often called the hyphenated American s?1999Answer the following questions briefly and to the point1.What was Reagan’s policy towards the Soviet Uni on in his first term?What measures did he take?2.What was the Supreme Court decision on “Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka”? What is the significance of the decision?3.Why did the Roosevelt Administration initiate the “Good Neighbor Po licy” towards Latin America in the 1930s? What was the major content of the policy?4.What are the major elements in the Great Society as proposed by President Johnson?5.What is the cultural implication of “Manifest Destiny”?6.What is the significance of Andrew Jackson being elected as President of the United States?7.What is the “Protestant ethic”? How did it influence the emergence of capitalism?8.Why do you think it took the Americans so long to accept the fact that there are classes in the U.S.?20001.What was the nature of the conflict between Jefferson and Hamilton?2.Why did Wilson take the United States into the First World War?3.Under what circumstances was the Lend-Lease designed? For whatpurpose?4.What is the cause of the Red Scare? What did the American government do in this period?5.Who initiated the Great Society? What is the goal and content of theGreat Society? Is the Great Society a success?6.What is mean t by the “Irangate” scandal?7.What is the “American Dream”?8.Why do you think the American frontier has been particularly important in shaping American values?20011. Why did the founding fathers introduce checks and balances into t he political system?How do checks and balances work?2. What are the political principles embodied in the Declaration of Ind ependence?3. Why did President Lincoln issue Emancipation Proclamation? What was its impact on the course of the Civil War?4. What were the features of American economic development at the turn of the 20th century?5. Some people say that Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because it wa s pushed to the corner by the policy of the Roosevelt Administration. W hat is your comment on this argument?6. What is the philosophy underlying American education? What are t he four characteristics of American public schools?7. What was the cause and consequence of the Spanish-American W ar?8. How serious is the drug problem in the United States? Why has t he problem become so serious?2002.1. Who was Tom Paine? What role did he play in the War of Independen ce?2. What is federalism? Why was it introduced into the Constitution? How does the Constitution ensure the practice of federalism?3. What was the cause of the Montgomery bus boycott? How did the boyc ott end? What is the consequence of the boycott?4. What is the meaning of white-collar crime? Why are many of these cri mes unreported? Does this show anything about the general attitude towards w hite-collar crimes?5. What are the major criticisms of the American system of justice?6. What is the content of the Compromise of 1850 over slavery? What role did this Compromise play?7. What were the events leading to the declaration of the Monroe Doctrine? What is the content of the Doctrine? What is the significance of the Doctrine?8. What are some of the major religious bodies and their characteristics in the United States?20031. What are the powers delegated to the Federal and state governments res pectively?2. What was the economic policy of the Reagan Administration? What was the consequence of such a policy? (Use your knowledge from the reader and the American history)3. What are the contents of the Eisenhower Doctrine, the Nixon Doctrine a nd the Carter Doctrine?4. What are the major types of interest groups in the United States? Give examples.5. What is affirmative action? How was it introduced? What has it achieved? Why did it encounter strong opposition in the 1980s and 1990s?6. What are the Water-gate scandal and the Iran-gate Scandal about? What are the impacts of the two sandals?7. What is gender inequality? How is it reflected in education, employment and politics? Is gender inequality also reflected in daily social life? If so, ple ase give examples to illustrate your point.8. When did the Red Scare and McCarthyism take place in the United Stat es? Why did they take place at that time? What are they about respectively? Do they have any impact on American politics?20061.What political , economic, and social reforms did the Republican governm ents achieve in the South between 1866 and 1877?2. How has the American social welfare system evolved?What are some of the problems/criticisms that it has to face nowdays?3.Assess the contribution of the following factors to the Progressive movementa. middle classb. muckrakersc. philosophy of pragmatismd scientifice presidential leadershipPlease choose three out of the five factors4. How is the US congress organized? What functions does it perform?5. Select three New Deal agencies or commissions and assess how wwell each satisfied the three R's of relief, recovery, and reform.6. What are the traditional American Values and beliefs?7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:" The Cold War hosti lity between the United States and the Soviet Union was inevitable"? State your re asons.8. What are the causes of the New Economy? And how is the New Economy reshaping American economy and society?2008美国社会研究试卷说明：请用英语回答下列问题。

北外考试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语中，“book”一词的复数形式是：A. bookB. booksC. bookesD. bookes2. 下列哪个选项是正确的法语问候语？A. BonjourB. BonsoirC. BonnuitD. Bonjor3. 在日语中，“谢谢”怎么说？A. ありがとうB. ありがとうなさいC. ありがとうごさいますD. ありがとうございます4. 西班牙语中，“我爱你”的正确表达是：A. Te amoB. Te quieroC. Te respetoD. Te admiro5. 德语中，“再见”的正确表达是：A. Auf WiedersehenB. TschüssC. Guten MorgenD. Guten Tag6. 俄语中，“你好吗？”的正确表达是：A. Как дела?B. Как здоровься?C. Как здоровье?D. Как здоровьеся?7. 意大利语中，“晚上好”的正确表达是：A. BuongiornoB. BuonaseraC. BuonanotteD. Buon pomeriggio8. 在葡萄牙语中，“我喜欢你”的正确表达是：A. Eu gosto de vocêB. Eu gosto de tiC. Eu gosto de você mesmoD. Eu gosto de ti mesmo9. 阿拉伯语中，“你好”的正确表达是：A. ابحرممكيلعB. ملاسلاC. اركشةملاسلاD. عم10. 荷兰语中，“谢谢”的正确表达是：A. Dank jeB. Dank uC. BedanktD. Bedankt u二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语中，“图书馆”的单词是______。

2. 法语中，“再见”的单词是______。

3. 日语中，“早上好”的表达是______。

北京外国语大学教师招聘考试历年真题一、单选题（每题只有一个正确答案，答错、不答或多答均不得分）1.“天将降大任于斯人也”出自（）。

A.《尚书》B.《论语》C.《孟子》D.《史记》【答案】：C2.墨子的主要思想是“兼爱”，他所反对的“爱有差等”这一观点是哪家学派的? （）A.道家B.名家C.法家D.儒家【答案】：D3.加强法制教育,提高（）的法律意识和法制观念是依法治国的重要条件。

A.公民B.领导干部C.农民D.工人【答案】：A4.我国劳动力数量大，但整体素质并不高，造成这种状况的最主要原因是（）。

A.许多人没有吃苦耐劳的优良传统B.我国劳动力的整体健康状况不高1/ 10C.我国劳动力思想道德素质还有待提高D.我国劳动力的科学文化素质有待提高【答案】：D5.在古代，人们将乐器分为“丝”、“竹”，分别指弹弦乐器和吹奏乐器，其中哪个是指吹奏乐器？（）A.竹B.丝【答案】：A6.法国科学家路易·巴斯德说：“在观察事物之际，机遇偏爱有准备的头脑”。

这句话强调了（）A.人们在认识事物时要有理性指导B.人们获得感性经验至关重要C.人们只有发挥主观能动性才能认识事物D.人们不仅要善于观察事物，而且要善于思考问题【答案】：A7.下列关于商品经济中价值规律的作用，说法错误的是（）。

A.自发调节生产资料和劳动力在社会生产各部门之间的分配B.导致商品生产者优胜劣汰C.刺激生产技术的改进和提高劳动生产率D.揭示了工人受全体资本家剥削的实质【答案】：D8.近些年我国先后几次提高了存款准备金率，以遏制宏观经济的增长速度，这种调控手段属于（）。

A.收入政策手段B.财政政策手段C.行政调节手段D.货币政策手段2/ 10【答案】：D9.关于“通知”这一文种，下列说法错误的是：（）。

A.如果发文范围很小，内容简单，通知标题可只写文种“通知”二字即可B.转发性通知只用于转发上级机关或不相隶属机关的公文C.作为下行文的通知、意见、决定，意见的指令性最弱D.通知因其使用频率较高，故有“公文轻骑兵”之称【答案】：B10.产业资本划分为货币资本，生产资本，商品资本的依据是资本各个部分（）。

北外外交学历年考研试题2004年国际政治概论名词解释（每题5分，共30分）国家主权跨国公司综合国力哈尔福特麦金德国际准则不结盟运动简答题（每题12分，共48分）为什么说生产力是国际政治的根本动力？第二次世界大战前国际格局发展的主要阶段和基本特征？新现实主义学派对传统现实主义进行了哪些修正？关于过渡时期国际格局问题争论的主要观点？论述题（每题36分，共72分）结合联合国的实践，谈谈国际组织在国际政治中的地位与作用。

试分析经济全球化对国际政治的影响。

当代国际关系与新中国外交一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、中英联合声明2、遏制战略3、哈尔斯坦主义4、斋月战争5、“一边倒”政策6、非洲联盟二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、简述欧盟的扩大。

2、冷战结束后中俄关系的主要特点。

3、中国解决华侨问题的原则立场。

4、尼克松主义的战略意义。

三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、试分析冷战结束后日本对外政策的调整及其对亚太国际关系的影响2、试分析20世纪80年代以来中国外交政策的调整2005年国际政治概论一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、《京都议定书》2、中间地带3、北美自由贸易区4、《不扩散核武器条约》5、相互依存6、阿尔弗雷德马汉二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、当代恐怖主义有何特点？2、建构主义国际关系理论的基本内容3、简述国际法在当代国际关系中的作用4、如何认识国际政治中的个人因素？三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、试评析当前国际关系理论中的几种不同安全观2、伊拉克战争对国际关系的影响当代国际关系与新中国外交一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、“八一七”公报2、中东和平路线图计划3、三八线4、上海合作组织5、《马斯特里赫特条约》6、万隆会议二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、简述苏伊士运河危机及其影响2、近年来中日两国政治关系困难的症结何在？3、中国开展多边外交的原则立场是什么？4、简析冷战结束后北约东扩的影响三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、从东亚区域合作看中国的多边外交政策2、试析20世纪60年代国际关系的特点2006年国际政治概论一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、国家利益2、功能主义3、约翰米尔斯海默4、合作安全5、“广场协议”6、民主和评论二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、简述能源问题对当前国际政治的影响2、第三世界国家的政治体制类型主要有哪些？各有什么特点？3、什么是世界体系？世界体系具有哪些特征？4、如何理解国际关系中的“囚徒困境”？三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、试从干涉理论的发展变化，看冷战结束前后的联合国维和行动。

北外英语面试试题及答案一、自我介绍1. 请用英语简单介绍一下自己。

答案：[考生自行准备自我介绍内容]二、日常对话2. 如何用英语表达“早上好”？答案：Good morning.3. 用英语询问天气情况。

答案：What's the weather like today?三、阅读理解4. 阅读以下短文并回答问题：[短文内容]Once upon a time, there was a little girl named Lucy. She lived in a small village near the forest. One day, she went into the forest to pick flowers. She was very happy because she found many beautiful flowers.Question: What did Lucy do in the forest?答案：Lucy went into the forest to pick flowers.四、语法应用5. 用正确的时态填空：I ______ (visit) my grandparents last weekend.答案：visited五、听力理解6. 听录音，回答问题：[播放录音]Question: What is the man's occupation?答案：[考生根据录音内容作答]六、情景对话7. 假设你在机场，需要询问如何到达市中心。

答案：Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the city center?七、翻译练习8. 将以下句子翻译成英文：我的家乡是一个风景如画的地方。

答案：My hometown is a picturesque place.八、写作能力9. 写一篇不少于100字的短文，描述你的业余爱好。

北外英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共20分）1. The word "environment" is most closely associated with which of the following?A. SurroundingsB. AtmosphereC. ClimateD. Ecology2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out on weekends.B. She doesn't like to go out on weekends.C. She didn't like going out on weekends.D. She don't likes to go out on weekends....20. In the given context, what does the phrase "break the ice" mean?A. To start a conversationB. To stop a conversationC. To make a jokeD. To end a conversation二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The _______ (重要性) of education cannot be overemphasized.2. He is _______ (对...感兴趣) in music and has a vast collection of CDs.3. The _______ (会议) was postponed due to the heavy rain.4. She _______ (成功地) passed the driving test on her first attempt.5. The _______ (问题) of pollution is a global concern....10. The _______ (结果) of the experiment was quite surprising.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage 1[Text of the passage]1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, what were the reasons for the event?3. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?...Passage 2[Text of the passage]4. What is the author's opinion on the subject?5. What evidence does the author provide to support the argument?6. What is the significance of the example given in the passage?四、完形填空（每题1.5分，共15分）[Text of the passage with blanks]1. A. Despite B. Because C. Although D. Since2. A. decided B. realized C. remembered D. noticed3. A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. otherwise...20. A. finally B. suddenly C. gradually D. accidentally五、翻译题（英译汉，每题3分，共15分）1. The rapid development of technology has changed our lives in many ways.2. It is essential to maintain a balance between work and leisure.3. The government has taken measures to protect the rights of consumers....六、写作题（共20分）Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic: "The influence of social media on modern society."参考答案：一、选择题1. D2. B...二、填空题1. importance2. interested3. meeting4. successfully5. issue...10. outcome三、阅读理解Passage 11. [Answer based on the passage]2. [Answer based on the passage]3. [Answer based on the passage]...Passage 24. [Answer based on the passage]5. [Answer based on the passage]6. [Answer based on the passage] ...四、完形填空1. C2. A3. B...20. B五、翻译题1. 技术快速发展在许多方面改变了我们的生活。

北外网院期末试题及答案一、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1.请简述互联网的定义和特点。

互联网是指通过一系列网络结构与技术，将全球各地的计算机连接在一起，实现信息的交流和共享的网络系统。

互联网的特点包括：全球性，能够覆盖全球范围的计算机网络；开放性，用户可以在互联网上自由访问和交流信息；去中心化，没有一个中心控制和管理所有的计算机；异构性，互联网上连接的计算机可能使用不同的操作系统和协议；高度可扩展性，可以随时增加新的计算机节点。

2.请简述HTTP和HTTPS的区别。

HTTP（HyperText Transfer Protocol）是一种用于传输超文本的应用层协议，信息传输是明文的，不具备加密功能，存在安全性风险。

而HTTPS（HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure）是在HTTP基础上加入了加密机制的协议，通过使用SSL/TLS协议对HTTP的通信进行加密，保证通信过程的安全性。

3.请简述DNS的作用和原理。

DNS（Domain Name System）是域名系统的缩写，其作用是将域名解析为对应的IP地址。

当用户在浏览器中输入一个域名时，计算机需要先将域名发送给DNS服务器进行解析。

DNS服务器通过查询自己的记录，找到该域名对应的IP地址，然后将IP地址返回给计算机，计算机再通过IP地址与目标服务器建立连接，实现网页访问。

二、论述题（每题30分，共60分）1.请论述网络安全的重要性，并提出保障网络安全的措施。

网络安全的重要性体现在以下几个方面：首先，互联网的普及和应用已经深入到人们的生活和工作的方方面面，网络攻击和数据泄露等安全事件可能对社会造成重大影响，因此保障网络安全是维护国家和公民利益的重要任务。

其次，随着数据的数字化和云计算的发展，大量的关键信息存储在网络上，例如政府数据、企业数据、个人隐私等，这些信息一旦泄露或被破坏，将造成不可估量的损失。

再次，互联网的高度开放性和去中心化特点使得网络安全面临诸多挑战，黑客攻击、病毒传播、网络钓鱼等威胁层出不穷，对网络安全的需求日益增长。

北外基础英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the capital of China?A. BeijingB. ShanghaiC. GuangzhouD. Shenzhen答案：A2. Which of the following is not a fruit?A. AppleB. BananaC. TomatoD. Potato答案：D3. How do you say "你好" in English?A. HelloB. GoodbyeC. Thank youD. Sorry答案：A4. What does "abandon" mean?A. To leave something behindB. To pick up somethingC. To keep somethingD. To repair something答案：A5. Fill in the blank: "I have a _______ to attend."A. meetingB. partyC. concertD. exam答案：D6. The opposite of "agree" is:A. DisagreeB. AgreeC. LikeD. Prefer答案：A7. What is the past tense of "do"?A. DidB. DoC. DoesD. Done答案：A8. Who wrote the novel "Pride and Prejudice"?A. Jane AustenB. Charles DickensC. William ShakespeareD. Mark Twain答案：A9. Which of the following is a musical instrument?A. PianoB. ViolinC. GuitarD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the abbreviation for "television"?A. TVB. VCRC. DVDD. CD答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The _______ of the United States is Washington D.C.答案：capital12. The _______ of the Earth is the center around which it orbits the Sun.答案：sun13. "I have a dream" is a famous speech by _______.答案：Martin Luther King Jr.14. The word "photograph" comes from the Greek words "photo" meaning light and "graph" meaning _______.答案：writing15. The chemical symbol for water is _______.答案：H2O16. The largest organ in the human body is the _______.答案：skin17. The process of photosynthesis in plants involves the conversion of _______ and water into glucose and oxygen.答案：carbon dioxide18. The formula for calculating the area of a rectangle is length times _______.答案：width19. The term "billion" in the United States refers to a thousand _______.答案：millions20. The phrase "break the ice" is used to describe an action that helps to _______ a social situation.答案：ease三、阅读理解（每题3分，共15分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It was built to protect the Chinese empire from invasions. The construction of the wall started in the 7th century BC and was continued by various dynasties until the 17th century. The Great Wall stretches over 13,000 miles and is visible from space.21. What was the primary purpose of building the Great Wallof China?A. To serve as a landmarkB. To protect the Chinese empireC. To connect different regionsD. To promote tourism答案：B22. When did the construction of the Great Wall begin?A. 17th centuryB. 7th century BCC. 20th centuryD. 18th century答案：B23. How long is the Great Wall of China?A. 3,000 milesB. 13,000 milesC. 30,000 milesD. 130 miles答案：B24. Which dynasty was the last to contribute to the construction of the Great Wall?A. Han dynastyB. Tang dynastyC. Ming dynastyD. Qing dynasty答案：D25. Is the Great Wall of China visible from space?A. YesB. No答案：A四、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）26. 请将以下中文句子翻译成英文：“春天是。