英语基础写作讲义
、写作基本要求
①字数（字数不够怎么办）
②信息完整
③语法可接受
④行文连贯
⑤词汇与句式多变
二、写作规范
①标点
顿号、’”英语没有顿号，一般用逗号取代。汉语中用顿号表示一句话中间并列的词和词组之间的停顿。
书名号汉语书名号为《》，表示书籍、报刊等名称。英语中不用书名号，而是用斜体字表示，以区别于印刷体；但打字或书写时，因没有斜体字，便在书名或刊名下划一横线。句号英语的句号是是实心的小圆点，即“.”常用于陈述句和祈使句之后。而汉语的句号是
空心圆圈，即。”。
省略号英语的省略是三个实心的小圆点，位于一行的中间。
②字母大小写（题目应放在第一行的中间，第一个单词的首字母和每一个名词、动词、形容词、副词等的首字母都要大写。）
③选词
在写作中特别要注意，不能过多使用过于口语化的词汇，要书面化。Cool - very good
④书写（注意格式）
三、写作基本结构框架
文章结构：
-±-
Begi nnin g+Body1+...+Body N+ Ending
Body 的结构：Topic sentence+ Supporting sentence+ Concluding sentence
段落是文章的基本构成成分，其作用是围绕文章的主题或中心思想从不同角度进行有组织的、逻辑性强的说明或阐述。段落由一系列围绕同一主题的句子组成。当新的主题出现时，就应开始新的段落。段落一般由三部分构成：主题句（topic sentence、支撑句（supporting sentence 或扩展句（developing sentence 和结尾句（concluding sentence。请看下面的一篇短文：
What is a topic sentence?
The topic sentence in troduces the paragraph.
What does it do?
It tells the reader what your paragraph will be about.
Example:
There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reas on is that En glish has
become an international Ianguage. It is now used by most international compa ni es, in clud ing the compa ny where I work, for bus in ess com muni catio n. Another reason why I want to learn English is so that I can travel to English-speaking countries. The United States,
England, Australia and many other countries all use English as their primary Ianguage.
Finally, I want to learn English because I plan to move to the U.S. in the future. I will
become a manager for my compa ny soon. For all these reas on s, I am very excited about lear ning En glish.
ANALYSIS:
What are you going to tell the reader about?
Topic Sentence There are three reas ons why I want to lear n En glish.
文章中的第一句就是段落的主题句，顾名思义，段落的主题句是表达该段落主题或中心思想的句子，段落的其他句子都是对该主题句的进一步扩展或论证。所以，写好主题句往往是写好文章的关键。在构思主题句时，应注意两个常见的问题，一是主题句太空泛，没有具体内容；二是因一个段落中出现一个以上的主题句而使得段落的中心内容不明确。段落的主题句一般位于段落的开头，尤其是对议论文更是如此。
同样是这篇文章，我们再来看一下它的支撑句。
Support ing Senten ces
What are supporting sentences?
support ing senten ces come after the topic senten ce, to expla in your topic senten ce. The support ing senten ces with their support ing details make up the body of a paragraph.
What do supporting sentences do?
They give information to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph.
How do I write supporting sentences?
You should give in formati on, facts, details, and examples. support ing senten ces ofte n an swer the questi on "Why?"
Example:
There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English
has become an international language!! is now used by most international
companies, including the company where I work, for business communication.
Another reason why I want to learn English is so that I can travel to English-
speaking countries. The United States, England, Australia and many other
countries all use English as their primary Ianguage. Finally, I want to learn English
becausel plan to move to the U.S. in the future. I will become a man ager for my
compa ny soon. For those reas on s, I want to lear n En glish.
ANALYSIS:
Why do you want to learn English?
Main point: because En glish has become an intern ati on al la nguage
一篇文章要有始有终，到了文章的结束部分，往往会出现结尾句。
Closing Sentence (Conclusion)
What is the closing sentence?
The clos ing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.
What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph. It tells the reader what you were writing about.
How do I write a closing sentence?
Restate the main idea of the paragraph using differe nt words.
Example:
There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English has
become an intern ati on al la nguage. It is now used by most intern ati onal compa ni es, in cludi ng the compa ny where I work, for bus in ess commu ni catio n. Ano ther reas on why I want to learn English is so that I can travel to English-speaking countries. The United
States, England, Australia and many other countries all use English as their primary Ian
guage. Fin ally, I want to learn En glish because I pla n to move to the U.S. in the future. I will become a manager for my company soon. For all these reasons, I am very excited
about learning English.
ANALYSIS:
What did you tell the reader about?
Closing Sentence: For all these reas on s, I am very excited about lear ning En glish.
Conclusion
This is your last senten ce, therefore the most importa nt. This will be the sentence that is most fresh in the readers' mi nd after they put the paragraph dow n. A good way to form your con clusi on is to reform the introductory paragraph in reverse form. In other words, have the conclusion contain the following, in the order written:
Restate your topic senten ce, but in differe nt words tha n before.
Close with a gen eral stateme nt that reflects in sight on your topic.
四、写作实践
①选题(考试一般为任务性写作题目已给出)
②拟提纲Outline
1首先要理解题目和主题句。
找出主题句或提示句的关键词，掌握一段的主题，根据主题思想来确定要有哪几个论点来阐述本段主题，然后构思全段内容，这是编列提纲前的准备过程。
2 ?段落只有一个论点的提纲列法：
有的段落其主题句所含的主题思想简单，只需要一个论点来阐述，其主题句或主题句的关
键词就是该段的提纲，这样的段落叫主题句段落。例如某作文“My Ideal Jobs第一段主题句为：people have different ideal jobs，关键词是ideal jobs。该关键词就是该段之提纲，行文时开门见山，直接写出主题句，接着举例说明，该段可以这样扩展：
People have differe nt ideal jobs. Some may want to be a doctora teacher or a scie ntist.
Some may want to be a worker, a peasa nt farmer or a solider and so on.
3. 多层次提纲列法：
有的主题句需要几个论点来阐述，有的大论点包含小论点，这种段落的提纲是多层次的，需要进行层次安排。根据主题思想，可考虑分哪几个论点来阐述，各论点用什么材料或例子，哪个论点在先，哪个论点在后，哪个大论点还要包括哪些小论点。大小论点分别用不同层次的标题列出，同一层次标题的语法结构相同，并用同类型的标号依次标出。例如“My Ideal Job 为题，第二段My job is …(for example, teachi ng)【练习】
4. 含有众多材料的段落提纲列法：
有些段落根据主题思想要用很多材料或例子来叙述.在列提纲时，要选择有代表性的材料和例子予以归类，按其类别列纲，如Topic Sentence 为：I make preparations for a trip to the
Un ited Stats的提纲如下：【练习】
记叙文，描写文提纲列法：议论文遵循逻辑顺序(如上所述)，而记叙文应按事物发生的先后顺序即时序列纲，描写文则按所处空间位置关系(如前后左右上下等关系)列纲，如记叙文
A Spring Outing的提纲如下：
⑴ Spring on Sun day, the 2& of April
A. Setting out early on bikes across the fields
B. Seeing the beautiful scenes
(2) At 10a.m. Arriving at the foot of Yun Long Hill
A. Climbing the hill and having a picnic near the top
B. Enjoying the Iandscape on the top
(3) At 4p.m. retur ning
③写作(注意写作要求见第一大点)
④润色、检查
五、英汉写作的特点
首先，让我们关注一下英美人与中国人思维方式的不同。英美人的思维方式是直线式的，
他们在遣词造句谋篇上遵循着从一般(genera)到具体(specific)，从概括(summarize)到举例(exemplify)，从整体(whole)到个体(respective)的原则。请看短文：
Soccer is a difficult sport.( 1) A player must be able to run steadily without rest (2) Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head (3) Players must be willing to bang into and be ban ged into by others (4) They must put up with ach ing feet and sore muscles
上面的这则短文中，主题句(main idea sentenc?也就是文章的中心是第一句，(1) (2) (3)( 4)句是用来说明主题句的。
而在汉语中，我们习惯于先分后总，先说原因后说结果，即所谓的前因后果”如果要
表达相同的意思，我们通常这样说：
足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶球，撞别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼痛，所以说，足球运动是一项难度大的运动。
二、英汉句子结构的特点。英语属印欧语系，汉语属汉藏语系，两种语言相距甚远，英语结
构紧凑，汉语结构松散。语言学家以竹节句法”来比喻英语句子，即英语句子是由断不可缺
的各种连接词衔接而成，宛如节节相连的竹子；而汉语句子则被比喻为流水句法”所谓的
流水指少用乃至不用连接词仍行文流畅。所以说，英语重形和，汉语重意和。英语句子中如果少了连接词女口or，but，if，so, because when, although ，in order that，so that,所要表达的意思就支离破
碎了，而汉语如没连接词，只从句子本身的意思就可以把概念或关系表达清楚。如：
Conquer the desires or they will conquer you .你如不能战胜欲念，欲念将要战胜你。
An English man who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China 一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在中国旅行。
三、就是因为英语中各种连接词与替代词的广泛使用，使得英语中出现多枝共干”式的长句，
复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。请看下面一个英语长句以及其汉意。
It was on a Sun day eve ning whe n he was lying in the orchard liste ning to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gate swing t，nd saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red cheeked stolid Joe in swift pursuit. 一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听画眉鸟的啁啾，一面在写一首爱情诗，忽然听得大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔出来，后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。
这是个英语强调句，其重心是：he heard the gate swi ng to and saw the girl coming running among the trees，而when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and com posing a love poem是一个时间状语从句，这两个句子通过it was... that...这个强调句型巧妙地
合为一个复合长句，整个句子简单明了，结构紧凑，若用汉语表达则须分成好几个短句
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
畅游学海敢搏风浪誓教金榜题名。决战高考，改变命运。凌风破浪击长空，擎天揽日跃龙门 高考英语写作……怎样写人物简介 一. 教学内容： 英语写作……怎样写人物简介 二. 重点、难点： （一）人物简介的写作步骤 1. Birthday and birth place 2. Family background 3. Education 4. Big events in his or her life ( in order of time ) 5. Evaluation （二）人物简介写作中常用的词组及句子 1. Birthday and birth place ——was / were born on…in… , 2. Family background —— 1) a poor / rich family 2) his (her) family was so poor that……， 3) with the help of his parents , 4) his father was very strict with him……, 5) the son of a poor family , 6) when he was a small boy , 7) as a child , 8) during his (her) childhood , 9) spend his childhood in……, 10) live a happy (hard ) life , 11) a boy of 15 3. Education—— 1) graduate from……department of ……university , 2) When at college , he majored in……, 3) receive a doctor’s degree . 4) get higher education 5) go abroad for further studies 4. Big events in his life—— 1) be interested in … , 2) work hard at … , 3) devote his lifetime to … , 4) do research about / into … 5) make a big decision . make up one’s mind to do sth. 6) do sth with great determination and perseverance . 7) be fond of… , 8) be strict in sth. 9) have a … way of doing sth. 10) try one’s best to do sth. 11) encourage sb to do sth. 12) fight for , give up one’s life for sb / sth. 13) win a prize in … competition . 14) be good at . 15) make rapid progress in … , 16) set a new world record of … 17) become a member of … 18) study hard . train hard . 19) win a gold medal . 20) work so hard as to improve… 21) have a gift for… 5. Evaluation——
英语基础语法知识（一） 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和平 英语名词可分为两大类： < 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher教师 market市场rice大米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约 United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如： shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆
toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如： a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如： · the TV programs那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 （三）代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括： 1。人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等； 2。物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等； 3。反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等； 4。相互代词，如：each other, one another等； 5。指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等；
《英语基础写作》教学大纲 一、课程名称：英语基础写作 二、课程类别：专业必修课 三、教学时数：周学时数2，总学时数68 四、学分：4 五、开课时间：第3-4学期 六、开课专业：英语专业 七、教学对象：英语专业本科 八、教学目的：《英语写作》是针对英语专业本科二年级学生开设的专业基础课程。本课程的任务是要求学生系统地掌握英语写作的基本理论、不同种类文体的写作方法及基本写作技巧，能够独立完成各种常用文体的写作。 九、课程内容： （1）文体：exposition, narration, description, argument, etc. （2）文体拓展方法：illustration, comparison and contrast, making analogy, classifying and dividing the subject, repetition, etc. （3）基本写作技巧：ways of brainstorming, ways of beginning, ways of conclusion, ways of development, readership awareness, genre awareness, peer editing, peer response, cohesion and coherence, responding to teacher feedback, how to use dictionaries, how to search and make use of internet resources, etc. 十、教学时间安排：
英语的基础语法 请大家共享 时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例)： 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。 英语基础语法：一般现在时 一、构成 一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s外，一律用动词原形。 二、用法 ■一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如： I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。 ■一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如： Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。 ■一般现在时表示格言或警句。如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 ■一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态。如： I am a teacher. 我是教师。 Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak well. 彼得汉语写得不错，讲的可不行。 ■以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 ■在下列情况下表示将来： 1. 在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。 He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。 Suppose he doesn’t agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办? I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。 He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。 2. 在the more…the more …(越……越……) 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为前者相当于条件状语从句。如： The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。 3. 在make sure (certain) , see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/795778739.html,)。 4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。如： The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。 注：只限于少数动词能这样用，如begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, retur n, close, open 等。 英语基础语法：一般过去时
基础写作指导 一、写一个完整的句子。 这几句是正确的句子吗? 如果你认为有误, 该怎么改? 1.The meeting will until 3:00. 2.Work hard, you will succeed. 3.I have a brother, who is a doctor. 4. There are only 4 students take part in the class. 二、句子类型。 简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子. 并列句: 主谓结构+ 连词(and, but, so, or……) +主谓结构(或更多的主谓结构) 复合句: 引导词+主谓结构, 主谓结构 (从句) (主句) 三、五种基本的简单句。 1.主语+不及物动词 Birds fly. Buses run from dawn till midnight. We are studying hard. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 We have read many books. They do shopping at the weekend. We are learning English. 3. 主语+系动词+表语 We are students. He became a scientist. That sounds good. 4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave Tom a present. He offered me a job. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We made him our monitor. The manager thinks the plan practical. He will have his bike repaired. I won’t have you speaking to your mother like that. 四、过渡词 （1）表并列关系的过渡词: and, also，as well, as well as，or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor （2）表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition（加之，除……之外）, moreover(此外，而且), what’s more，what’s worse （3）表转折对比的过渡词： but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in s pite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others
中考英语作文专题训练及范文(10篇) 1.越来越多汽车进入我们的家庭生活，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如堵车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来极大的危害。作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？请写一篇有关交通安全的短文(80字左右) 内容包含：遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线。 别在街道上或马路上玩耍和踢球。 劝父母不能酒后驾车。 你可以适当增加内容，让短文通顺，过渡自然。 参考词汇：sidewalk 人行道 zebra-crossing 斑马线 注：第一段已给出，不计入总数 With more and more cars coming into our families, we are happy that it has greatly improved our life. But unluckily, it has also brought many problems, such as heavy traffic and traffic accidents. 2. 根据中文大意和英语提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于90词的短文。所给英文提示词供选用。注意：不要写出你的真实姓名和校名。 假设你是刘伟，你的美国朋友Mike 想通过你了解中国的传统节日。请你根据提示，给Mike 写一封e-mail，向他介绍我国传统节日春节的情况。 内容提示：1.春节是中国最重要的传统节日；
2.春节期间人们的主要活动(节前、除夕、节日期间) < Spring festival, traditional, decorate, on the eve of the festival, get together, Spring Festival Gala set off fireworks, lucky money> Dear Mike, 3.幸福是什么？幸福是父母为你营造的温馨的家，幸福是老师望向你的赞许的目光，幸福是孤独时朋友送来的一杯奶茶，幸福是…… 请以My happiness为话题，写一件曾经发生过的令你感到幸福的事情。 要求：条理清晰，语言流畅，用词准确，字迹工整，90词。
英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。
The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.
基础写作参考范文 一、活动 What an unforgettable English camp we have had! / It’s a great honor for me to stand here to say something about the unforgettable English camp we have had. Our English camp which lasted from July 10th to July 28th has successfully achieved its aims. All the participants including five teachers and fifteen students contributed a lot to the camp. We held many activities, for instance, practicing spoken English, reading English articles, singing English songs and so on, all of which have greatly improved our English. I feel very grateful to have the chance to know so many respectable teachers and kind friends, who have given me great help in improving my English. Our school held a party in the school hall on the evening of September 10th in order to celebrate the 22nd Teachers’Day. The party began at 7:30 p.m. and came to a close at 10:30 p.m.. At the beginning, the headmaster made a speech to praise our teachers for what they have done for the school. After representatives of both the teachers and the students gave talks in turn at the party, the teachers and the students put on their performances, enjoying them to the fullest. What a great success the party was! 二、人物 Dear Bruce, I was glad to know you began to study Chinese literature. Now let me tell you something about Luxun. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, Lu Xun with real name Zhou Shuren abandoned the study of medicine because he thought he could change society more through writing. Not only was Lu Xun a well-Known Chinese writer, a thinker, and translator, but also the father of modern Chinese literature. His novels have been translated into many languages and some of novels have been made into films, su ch as The True Story of AH Q and The New Year’s Sacrifice. Some of his novels have been collected in high school and college textbooks. Since you are learning Chinese literatures, I think reading Lu Xun’s novels will benefit a lot. Yours, Dear Sir, How do you do? Through the ad, I know your company needs an engineer. I would like to have this job. Now let me introduce myself to you. My name is Liu Ping, aged 27.After I graduated from Zhongshan University in 2001, I was sent to Tokyo University .Through hard work for 4 years, I achieved extraordinary result in scientific research and received a doctor’s degree. A Japanese company tried hard to invite me with a good offer of salary, but I refused it. To devote myself to our China, I came back this year with any hesitation. I will appreciate it very much if you would give me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply. Sincerely yours, Liu Ping 三、地点 Located in the middle of Guangdong province, Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong, is an ancient city with a cultural history of 2200 years. It covers a total area of 743, 4 square kilometers with a population of 9.94 million. Because it is warm and f lowery all the seasons, it is also called “Flower City” and “Five Goats” is the symbol of it. Since 1982, Guangzhou was named as one of the first historical and cultural cities. The special character of Guangzhou is attracting more and more tourists from all over the world. Zhongshan University Located in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, Zhongshan University was established by Shunzhongshan in 1924, whose original name was Guangdong University. Since 1926, it is known as Zhongshan University and world famous experts, such as Luxun, Guomoruo, have ever been here to teach. There are over 12000 teachers in the university, about 1000 of whom are professors. It has developed into a comprehensive university, covering science, engineering, humanities, medicine, management and technique. The library covers 110,000 square meters with 4,880,000 books, the largest among the universities, just smaller than Chinese National Library.
写作基础训练 Ⅰ) 五大句型 根据谓语动词的不同性质，语言学家总结出英语的五大基本句型。无论多么错综复杂的句子，都是在五大句型的基础上扩展而成的。总体上，句子必须包含至少一个主谓结构。有了这种认识，就可以避免写出残缺句。 使用动词时应考虑以下几个方面： ●及物还是不及物？ ●短暂性还是持续性？ ●描述动作还是状态？ ●一次性动作还是习惯性动作？ ●助动词还是习动词。 1.主+谓(+状) SV(A) The sun rises in the east. Everything is going on well. We set off in the early morning. 2.主+系+表SVC He is an expert in computers. They remain silent. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 3.主+谓+宾SVO I like sports. Mary has finished her work. My father will meet one of my uncles at the airport. 4.主+谓+双宾SV oO Pass me the salt, please. (= pass the salt to me, please.) Would you buy him a gift? (= would you buy a gift for him?) The teacher asked me a question. (= the teacher asked a question of me.) 5.主+谓+宾+宾补SVOC The young couple watched their baby play on the grassland. Carl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. I found it hard to keep up with them. Exercise1. SV A 1.他期盼的那封信最终来了。 2.生活费用上涨了百分之二十。 3.那座寺庙坐落在山顶上。 4.谢谢你，我自己应付得了。 5.作为艺术家，他的成功开始了。 6.时不我待。 7.鸟可以随时飞翔。 8.听了他的话，在场的人都笑了。 9.他们停下来休息， 10.车子突然抛锚了。 Exercise2. SVC 11.天气变得越来越暖和了。 12.他的梦想会成真吗？ 13.船到桥头自然直。 14.这个主意听起来很有道理。 15.做一名知名作家让人感觉不错。 16.我感到有些紧张。 17.女士们希望永葆青春。 18.孩子们很容易地入睡了。 19.腐败的食物对健康不利。 20.你妹妹看上去病了。 Exercise3. SVO 21.你打算到哪儿去度假？ 22.我对这件事全然不知。 23.失败后他从不泄气。 24.你最后一次见到它是什么时候？ 25.你应当为他人树立榜样。 26.晚会上我们玩得很开心。 27.教室需要打扫。 28.结果令我失望。 29.有钱人应帮助穷人。 30.妇女可以把任何事做得与男人一样好。Exercise4. SV oO 31.他送给我一本书作为生日礼物。 32.我可以把我的朋友介绍给你的父母吗？ 33.老师耐心地向我们解释了原因。 34.你给我买了什么东西没有？ 35.她为全家人做一日三餐。 36.小时候爸爸经常给我讲故事。 37.借给我五元钱，好吗？ 38.我侄子每两个月给我写封信 39.经理已经为客人订了房间。 40.我可以请你帮忙吗？ Exercise5. SVOC 41.同学们选他当班长。
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
英语基本句型写作练习一 分析下列句子成分并写出句型。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. I wrote a letter last night. 5. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 6. He has read this book many times. 7. My brothers are all college students. 8. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 9. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 10. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 11. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 12. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 13. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 14. We call her Alice. 15. His parents named him John. 16. All of us considered him honest. 17．They pushed the door open.
18. There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight. 19. There was only a well in the village. 20. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.指出下列句子加粗部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. The meeting will last two hours. 12. They have carried out the plan successfully. 13. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 14. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 15．They have set the thief free.
A. 怎样写人物简介 （一）人物简介的写作步骤； 1）age, sex, birth-place, background 2）appearance ,character 3）education 4）big events in his or her life ( in order of time ) 5）evaluation (二) 语法，句法高分tips A. 概况（尽量用同位语结构，使文章简洁，通顺) 如； 1) Born in Poland on Nov. 7 ，1867, Madam Curie is a great scientist. 2) Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12th, 1809. 3) Born in a poor clerk's family, Charles Dickens, a great novelist, had little schooling. 4) Sun Showier, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14 from Guangdong. B．外貌,性格(巧用with做定语) 如；
1) He is near-sighted /far-sighted guy with a pair of glasses on his nose. 2) She is good-looking /ordinary-looking/funny-looking with long beautiful hair. 3) He is a tall and thin guy with thick eyebrows, looking very handsome. 4) Born in Germany, Einstein is a great scientist with an extraordinary imagination. 常用描写人物的形容词: [iks?tr?:dn?ri