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第三节名词、冠词和数词1．One study showed that (woman) who drank a lot of coffee，like eight or more cups per day，while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.(2018·11月浙江) 答案women解+析考查名词复数。
此处泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。
下文中的they 也是提示。
故填women。
2．Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·6月浙江)答案dishes解+析考查名词复数。
dish菜肴，为可数名词，中式菜肴有很多种，故此处用dish的复数形式。
3．A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all(cause)．(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案causes解+析考查名词复数。
cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。
4．This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案effects解+析考查名词复数。
第1讲名词和冠词[小题夯基练]单句语法填空1．But without sunlight and good soil，soon the leaves began to fall down and the ________ (branch)began to dry.解析：branches [由空前的the可知，此处应用名词形式，且根据常识可知，树上不止一根树枝，而branch是可数名词，故填branches。
]2．Now，Sanzhenzhai has approximately 100 ________ (outlet)across the country.解析：outlets [根据设空处前的数字100可推知空处需填名词复数形式。
]3．The little boy ate so many ________ (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.解析：potatoes [potato前有many修饰，故用名词的复数形式。
]4．Buckingham Palace is a great tourist ________ (attract)，drawing millions of visitors every year.解析：attraction [句意为：白金汉宫是一个著名的旅游景点，每年都吸引上百万游客前去参观。
tourist attraction旅游景点，是固定短语。
]5．There are many students living at school；the ________ (child) houses are all far from school.解析：children's [由students可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为children's。
]6．Trust us.It might make you ________ genius.解析：a [考查不定冠词。
2020年全国高考英语试题（I、II、III）试题及经典模拟题分类汇编之语法填空2020年全国高考试题（I、II、III）1.【2020·全国新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61．(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62．(extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63．it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64．(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so 65．the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66．(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67．(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68．(construct)＂Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69．ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70．(it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2.【2020·全国新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分+专题三+基础点课时+第1讲+Word版含答案第1讲名词解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词常修饰可数名词复数，也要注意修饰不可数名词的词或短语等，以用来判断其应为不可数名词还是可数名词的单复数形式，有时还要结合语境分析句子成分来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
考点感悟考点素能一名词复数变化规律1．规则名词变复数的6种形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加－s：book→books, mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls(2)以－s, －x, －ch, －sh结尾的名词，在词尾加－es：glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es：city→cities, country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories(4)以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加－s：holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys(5)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加－s：radio→radios, zoo→zoos, piano→pianos, kilo→kilos, photo→photos；加－es的有：hero→heroes, Negro→Negroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes(6)以－f, －fe结尾的名词①少数直接加－s：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs②一般以－f或－fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加－es：self→selves, life→lives, thief→thieves, wife→wives, knife→knives, leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, half→halves 2．不规则名词变复数的常见形式(1)单复数同形：deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft(2)变内部元音：foot→feet, tooth→teeth, man→men, woman→women(3)外来名词：medium→media 媒体，phenomenon→phenomena 现象，analysis→analyses 分析二常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
全国卷语法填空专练2020年全国卷1第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) -the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)＂Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.答案161. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than66. to find 67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its2020年全国卷2第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.1.3词性转换比较等级以及名词的数代词的格A2019·武昌区高三年级1月调研Whether they are playing on our TV screens or printed in newspapers, advertisements are everywhere.They1.________(appear)since the18th century,when advances in printing techniques and more details images2._________(produce)in newspapers and magazines. Advertising often serves as an indicator for3.________society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.In spite of being designed to sell4.________advertise something,some ads can even have a5._______(tend)to become part of a society's dialect.For example,in the UK,if someone describes themselves6.________a“Marmite Person”，this means that you may either love them or hate them,7.________(base)on the British food Marmite's slogan(标语),“Love it or hate it.”The average person living in the city sees thousands of ads every single day. It seems that ads are a8.________(big)part of everyday life than we think they are.Instead of finding them9.________(trouble),however,at least we can be assured that future generations will have an interesting way to see how we lived——no matter how10.__________(usual)today's world may change to them.【答案】1.have appeared 2.to be produced 3.what4．or 5.tendency 6.as7.based8.bigger9.troublesome10.unusualB全国名校联盟2018届高三新课标模拟冲刺卷英语试题(一)Luoyang is one of the cities in China11.________artistic,religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before.Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple12.________(build)in the confines(范围)of the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China's most famous13.________(invent) including papermaking,printing and the compass,but it also was home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.Today,Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year.Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and14.________ (surround)by mountains and plains,Luoyang occupies15.________importantstrategic(战略的)location.As one of China's seven ancient capitals,Luoyang was a seat of power for13 dynasties and is a city with splendid historical and16.________(culture)background. Its long history endows(赋予)it with rich culture,which is17.________(easy)seenin grand palaces，temples and caves.The city is also well known18.________the “City of Peony”.In spring,many tourists travel to Luoyang19.________ (appreciate)the beautiful peony flowers.Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourism place that20.________(welcome)guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past.【答案】11.where12.was built13.inventions14.surrounded15.an16.cultural17.easily18.as19．to appreciate20.welcomesCDujiangyan is the oldest manmade water system in the world,and a wonder in the development of Chinese science.21.________(build)over2,200years ago in whatis now Sichuan Province in Southwest China,this amazing engineering 22.________(achieve)is still used today.In ancient times,the region in which Dujiangyan now stands23.________(suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River.24.________(help) the victims of the flooding,Li Bing,the region governor,together with his son, decided to find a solution.Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.25.________(good)still,the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain,making26.________suitable for farming.Once the system was finished,no more floods occurred and the people were ableto live27.________(peaceful).Today,Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature.Unlike modern dams28.________the water is blocked with ahuge wall,Dujiangyan still lets water flow throughthe Minjiang River naturally，29.________(enable)ecosystem(生态系统)and fish populations to exist30.________harmony.【答案】21.Built22.achievement23.suffered24.To help25.Better26.it27.peacefully28.where29.enabling30.inDTexting while walking is something that most of us are guilty of.We can't help 31.________(reply)to that message we just received.However，while it's fun to keep up to what's going on，we may actually put32.________(we)in danger.A team of researchers from UK recently found people33.________use their phones while on the move walk differently.During the research，a group of21volunteers 34.________(ask)to walk around a street with obstacles(障碍物)such as a step.35.________volunteers traveled the course a total of12times each，either writing or reading a message，making a call，or with no phone at all.It took the volunteers118percent36.________(long)to complete the course while using a phone.They also paid attention to the travel path51percent more when they weren't using a phone.“Although there37.________(be)no accidents we should still be aware 38.________what's going on around us，”according to Matthew Timmis，coauthorof the study.The big risk is suddenlyappearing situations，like someone suddenly walking in front of you.You are not going to be able to respond to that39.________ (swift)enough，so you may injure yourself or get injured.In a word，these hidden 40.________(danger)of texting while walking should be recognized to avoid injuries.【答案】31.replying32.ourselves33.who/that34.were asked35.The36.longer37.were38.of39.swiftly40.dangers。
专题一语法填空研究高考试题，明确备考方向第一讲高考名题这样考典题感悟·Step1A and Circle in the Arctic )The polar bear is found (2019·全国卷Ⅰsome big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rarethere is evidence 1.______________ they range all the way north of 88°，across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficultto figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2.______________(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that 25,000 polar bears worldwide.there are about 20,000～Modern methods 3.______________ tracking polar bear populationsexpensive and are only since the mid-1980s, have been employedrecent In area. over a large 4.______________(perform) consistently years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5.______________(report) increases a to settlements, leading human in bear sightings aroundScientists are populations increasing. 6.______________(believe) thatbe may hungry 7.______________(note) that bears responded have by 错) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(congregating(聚集) that populations are 8.______________(high) than they actually are. 觉subpopulations, bear nineteen 9.______________ recognized polar Of three are declining, six 10.______________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
第3节形容词和副词Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考考查角度1形容词和副词原级1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) They also shared with us many ____________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ____________(huge) popular with tourists.[解析]第一个空考查形容词。
空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
第二个空考查副词。
空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge 的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
[答案]traditional; hugely2．(2019·天津卷)A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ____________(proper) established.[解析]考查副词。
根据句意：在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要定期的训练。
properly“正确地”，用副词来修饰动词。
[答案]properly3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always ____________(energy)．[解析]考查形容词。
and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。
[答案]energetic4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accountsfor about 30 percent of total ____________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.[解析]考查形容词。
2020年全国高考试题（I、II、III）试题及经典模拟题分类汇编之语法填空2020年全国高考试题（I、II、III）1.【2020·全国新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61．(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62．(extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63．it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64．(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so 65．the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66．(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67．(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68．(construct)＂Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69．ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70．(it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】61．touched62．extremely63．where64．interest65．than66．to find67．means68．is constructed 69．much70．its【解析】这是一篇说明文。
