二轮复习 (十七) 倒装与其他特殊句式
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二轮复习(十七) 倒装与其他特殊句式[全析考法]单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2018•北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply________ (press) the button and a highly trained agent will get you the help you need.解析:press句意:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。
此题为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,所以用动词原形。
2.(2017•江苏高考改编)______ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析:Were句意:如果没有老师的支持,这名学生不可能克服她的困难。
该句是省略if 的虚拟条件句,if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。
3.(2016•江苏高考改编)Not until recently ________(do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.解析:did句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。
not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装,此处指过去所发生的动作,应使用一般过去时。
4.(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words. “Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turning left!”________________解析:Turning→Turn最后一句为祈使句,并和上文中的“Speed up!”和“Slow down!”并列,故改为动词原形Turn。
[谨记规则](一)倒装1.部分倒装(1)含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。
这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。
Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。
(2)“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时,你才能与别人保持良好的关系。
(3)so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.上周我看了《哈利•波特》这部电影,她也看了。
(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首,构成倒装结构。
如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,其前不加冠词。
Strange as it may sound, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪,但是如果你不满意,问题不是缺少满足你的愿望的方法,而是你根本就没有愿望。
(6)在非真实条件句中,条件句中的if省略时,助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。
Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home如果明天下雨,我不得不待在家里。
(7)“may+动词原形”表示祝愿时,通常将may置于句首,构成倒装语序。
May you succeed.祝你成功。
2.全部倒装(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且主语为名词时,句子用全部倒装。
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门,一个他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。
South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。
(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调,将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,构成“表语+系动词+主语”的完全倒装结构。
Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生,还有许多其他的宾客。
(二)感叹句1.What (+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊!2.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!How clever a boy he is!=What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀!3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How high the mountain is!这山真高呀!(三)祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。
一般不出现主语,谓语动词一律用原形;否定词一律在动词前加don't。
祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do。
Do be careful while you are crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心。
Don't get close to that river.不要靠近那条河。
(四)反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句+反问句”构成,若陈述句为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式,反之亦然。
1.陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句(1)当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问词用needn't; 当为mustn't (不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问词用must。
You must go now, needn't you?你现在必须走,不是吗?You mustn't smoke here, must you?你不能在这里吸烟,是吧?(2)当must表示推测,作“一定,准是”讲时,反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词所表示的时间来确定。
You must have watched the football match last night, didn't you?你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了,是吧?2.陈述部分含有used to时,疑问词用usedn't或didn't均可。
You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?你过去常常踢足球,是吗?3.陈述部分含有ought to时,疑问词用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。
He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he?他应该参加会议,不是吗?4.陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分动词用肯定式。
He could hardly get up, could he?他几乎起不来了,不是吗?(2)陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词,反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。
Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动,不是吗?(3)陈述部分含有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。
He said that she would come here on time, didn't he?他说她会准时来这里,不是吗?[特别注意]当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时,反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定,需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。
I don't think he will attend the meeting on time, will he?我认为他不会准时参加会议,是吗?(五)there be结构1.there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态,可以和助动词或情态动词连用。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我们国家就发生了巨大的变化。
There must be a mistake somewhere.某个地方一定出错了。
2.there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替换。
There seems to be an announcement about the project.关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。
There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有一个人路过。
3.there be结构的常用句式There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。