星火专八预测答案及听力原文8

【星火英语版】2017年英语专业八级考试参考答案SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. signing2. primary3. literacy4. different but complementary5. avoiding6. many other contexts7. characteristics/features8. reaction9. distance10. emotion11. deliberate12. intimacy and immediacy13. continuum14. types of language15. the usageSECTION B INTERVIEW1.What is international leaders’ assessment of the current battle against Ebola?答案：B. Disheartening.2.How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?答案：A. 200.3.According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?答案：D. Insufficient operational efforts on the ground.4.Why do health workers need case management protocol training?答案：B. They can open up more treatment units.5.What does this interview mainly talk about?答案：C. Ebola outpacing operational efforts.6.What is Tom’s main role in his new position?答案：C. Using media information to inspire new ideas.7.According to Tom, what does innovation require of people?答案：B. Being brave and willing to take a risk8.What does Tom see as game-changing chances in the future?答案：B. Aiming at a consumer level.9.What does Tom do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?答案：D. Examining the future carefully.10.Which of the following might Tom work for?答案：A. A media agency.SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONE11. The first part of Para. 4 refers to the fact that .答案：[A] life there is quiet and slow12. “The lack of awareness” in Para. 5 refers to .答案：［C］little knowledge of the beauty of the beach13. The author uses “gloriously” in Para. 6 to .答案：［C］contrast greenery with isolation14. The sentence “We never ate the same thing twice” in Para. 10 reflects the of the seafood there.答案：［D］variety15. Which of the following themes is repeated in both Paras.1 and 11?答案：［A］Publicity.PASSAGE TWO16. It can be inferred from Paras.1 and 2 that teachers used to .答案：［D］teach extended reading in a perfunctory way17. The sentence “we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure” in Para.4 indicates that .答案：［C］we are born story-tellers18. Samuel Johnson regards the relationship between a writer and a reader as (Para.5).答案：［B］collaborative19. In Para.7, the author sees “pre-reading” as the most important part of reading because .答案：［C］it can attract students’ attention20. “Textual Intervention” suggested by Rob Pope (in Para. 8) is expected to fulfill all the following functions EXCEPT .答案：［C］stretching the imaginationPASSAGE THREE21. According to the author, “national service” is comparable to “military training” because they both cultivate youngsters’ .答案：［B］self discipline22. The author cites the example of his father in order to show .答案：［A］the importance of discipline23. According to the author, a national service program can bring the following benefits to America’s youngsters EXCEPT .答案：［A］increase in income24. According to the context, what does “the fire” refer to (Para. 14)?答案：［B］Anger.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS说明：简答题答案不唯一，意思对即可。

来源：星火英语说明：以下答案仅供考生估分参考使用，最终答案请以4月份上市的《星火英语专八全真试卷》、《星火英语专八真题详解+标准预测》为准。

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. the dialectical model2. common and fixed3. premises4. opposition/arguing5. arguments as performances/the rhetorical model6. participating7. convince8. how we argue9. tactics10. negotiation and collaboration11. they’re dead ends12. learning with losing13. questions14. achieve positive effects15. be self-supportedSECTION B INTERVIEW1.What is the topic of the interview?答案：C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.2.Which of the following indicates that they have the same study schedule?答案：A. They take exams in the same weeks.3.What do the mother and daughter have in common as students?答案：D. Taking notes by hand.4.What is the biggest advantage of studying with Mom?答案：D. Encouragement.5.What is the biggest disadvantage of studying with Mom?答案：B. Occasional interference from Mom.6.Why is parent and kids studying together a common case?答案：A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.7.What would Maggie’s Mom like to be after college?答案：C. Lawyer.8.How does Maggie’s Mom feel about sitting in class after thirty years?答案：D. Frustrated.9.What is most challenging for Maggie’s Mom?答案：C. To accept what is taught.10.How does Maggie describe the process of picking out one's career path?答案：B. Gradual.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONE11. It can be learned from Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby through the summer.答案：[A] entertained guests from everywhere every weekend12. In Para. 4,the word “permeate” probably means .答案：［C］penetrate13. It can be inferred from Para. 8 that .答案：［B］people somehow ended up in Gatsby's house as guests14. According to Para. 10, the author felt at Gatsby’s party.答案：［D］awkward15. What can be concluded from Para. 11 about Gatsby?答案：［A］He was not expected to be present at the parties.PASSAGE TWO16. Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as .答案：［B］a representation of data from the human system17. Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first four paragraphs?答案：［B］Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.18. According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspace security are .答案：［C］contradictory19. What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?答案：［A］Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.PASSAGE THREE20. It can be concluded from Para. 3 that the author was towards higher education.答案：［D］negative21. The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT .答案：［B］low admission standards22. In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the following EXCEPT .答案：［C］increase undergraduate programs23. “Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as .答案：［B］metaphor24. What is the author's main argument in the passage?答案：［C］Academic standards are the main means to ensure educational quality.SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS说明：这部分答案不是唯一，只要意思对了就可以。

星火专八满分听力Model Test EightSection A Mini-lectureIn this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE OLNY, While listening, take notes on the important points. You notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you’ll be given two minutes to check your notes, another 10 minutes to complete the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture .Complete the gap-filling task some of the gap below may require a maximum of THREE words, Make sure the word(S) you fill in (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. you may refer to your notesSeven Types of EvidenceIt is important to learn to use evidence in argumentative writing, because without evidence, you can’t persuade anybody of anything. Usually seven types of evidence are used.1.Expert TestimonyExpert testimony is useful because it comes from somebody with special knowledge and has been tested by others.There are three kinds of expert testimony: facts, informed opinions, and (1) ________ The first two can be safely used in your writing, but the third may be dangerous, because they are just what is probably true.2.(2) ________This refers to data that can reveal some information. Strong evidence of tthis type should be valid, accurate, and (3) ________3.ExamplesExamples are widely used in our daily life.Examples can serve three purposes. First, clarify meaning. Second, provide reason for justification. Third, (4) ________.4.Personal ExperienceWriter can use his personal experience to support an argument. But if the experience is(5) ________, the argument will not be very forceful.5.AnalogyAnalogy is a comparison of apparently dissimilar things.Analogy can make unfamiliar topics (6) ________, but it is not enough to prove anything.6.Known FactsKnown facts are facts that are known to(7) ________. They can be used as a type of evidence.7.Logic and ReasoningLogic and reasoning may be used in two situations.One, (8) ________ is not available.Two, the writer wants to strengthen the persuasiveness of this factual evidence.8.Three Criteria for Good Evidence1. relevant2. (9) ________3. (10) ________Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions. Now listen to the interview.1.The interview is mainly a discussion concerningA. men and positionB. men and propertyC. women and inheritanceD. women and property2.According to the interview, what is called property grabbing?A. The husband’s property is taken by his relatives.B. The husband’s property is taken by the government.C. The husband’s property is taken by robbers.D. The husband’s property is taken by his wife.3.The women don’t do anything to prevent property grabbing becauseA. The law is against them.B. They don’t know that they have rights to keep property.C. The law is for them.D. They don’t want to damage the relationship with their husband’s relatives.4.According to the interview, the way of preventing property grabbing for a woman is toA. Learn more about the inheritance law.B. Quarrel with her husband’s relatives for her property fiercely.C. Ask her relatives to put her husband’s relatives into prison.D. Go to Mrs. Mutwa for assistance.5.Which of the following is not Mrs. Mutwa’s recommendations?A. Making a will with the husband.B. Registering your home.C. Getting legal advice from a lawyer.D. Donating the property.Section C News BroadcastIn this section, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.6. Who will NOT attend the summit organized by the ASEAN?A. Heads of state.B. Heads of government.C. Representatives of international organizations.D. Peace lovers.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news7. Which is the most possible reason for such a disaster?A. The doors were locked.B. A flare fired into the club’s ceiling.C. There was a rock concert.D. People are too crowded.Question 8-9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news8. Philippine’s President Gloria ArroyoA. has been found guilty of wrongdoing.B. was forced to step down after 10 of 24 cabinet members resigned from thegovernment.C. will continue to run the government according to the constitution.D. had a tension with the new cabinet.9. Which word can be used to describe the state of government after the event?A. FunctionalB. RebelliousC. CollapsedD. UncontrolledQuestion 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news10. Before Luxemburg goes to the polls, which country has already expressed their unwillingness to accept the treaty?A. GermanyB. SwitzerlandC. SpainD. France。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷80(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Chinese Americans Good morning. We’ll continue with our introduction to American minorities. Today’s focus is on Chinese Americans.(1)For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that used to face them in this country. The first group of Chinese came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, they stated a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground.(2)However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working on their claims: some localities even passed regulations for bidding them to own claims. Therefore, these Chinese had to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners: others set up small restaurants. There were few women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this “woman’s work”. Some others went to work as farmhands or as fishermen. In the early 1860s, a second group of Chinese arrived in California.(3)This time, they were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. The work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country, that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males and they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed, and the imported laborers returned to California, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did.(4)They were so different in every aspect: in their physical appearance, in their language, and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese”. When times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. And these white men were actually recent immigrantsthemselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in many cities. Some even developed into arson and bloodshed.(5)The Chinese were not allowed to make legal appeals and they were not accepted as American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally, in 1882, the Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers.(6)Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of the last century. However, during WW II, when China was an ally of the United States, the Exclusion laws were ended: a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general revision of immigration laws, many more Chinese were permitted to settle here. (7 -1)From the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “ Chinatowns “. In each of them the residents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes.(7-2)Many people couldn’t find jods on the outside, and they went into business for themselves, primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants, some of them soon spread in the city, since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese, too. To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Francisco and New York, are very busy, thriving communities. They have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food.(8)Most of today’s Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had been uneducated farm laborers in the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China before they came to America. Even after having lived here for several generations, Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture. For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong. Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are taught with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them. (9)The high regard for education, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are another noteworthy characteristics of them. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers and other professionals. By the way, many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals. They come from China’s former upper class and they represent its high cultural traditions. Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of the American population. They live chiefly in California, New York, and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-hated Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following.(10)And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated. Now, we are coming to the end of our lecture. Today we’ve talked about what Chinese Americans have undergone since the California Gold Rush. Our focus for the next week will be on African Americans. Thank you for your attention.Chinese AmericansIntroduction: Americans used to associate ChineseAmericans with【B1】______【B1】______I. Early immigrationA. The first group of Chinese immigrants—Being bullied because other people were jealous of their【B2】______in【B2】______the Gold Rush —Being prevented from working on their own claims —Being made a living by doing laundry, running small restaurants,farming or fishingB. The second group of Chinese immigrants—imported as workers for the construction of the first【B3】______【B3】______—called “ heathen Chinese” because of differences in appearance,language and【B4】______【B4】______—Chinese being deprived of【B5】______【B5】______—the Congress banned Chinese immigration in 1882—【B6】______population of Chinese Americans in early 20th century【B6】______II. Changes since WW II—China and the US became allies and Chinese immigration being permitted—Chinese Americans’ life and occupations being【B7】______Chinatowns【B7】______III. Introduction of current Chinese Americans—most descend from【B8】______immigrants【B8】______—tradition being well-preserved —emphasis on education and【B9】______making Chinese Americans【B9】______distinguish themselves —appreciated by their【B10】______to the US【B10】______1．【B1】正确答案：restaurants and laundries解析：本题考查重要细节。

【星火英语版】2017年专八考试参考答案答案：［C］little knowledge of the beauty of the beach13. The author uses “gloriously” in Para. 6 to .答案：［C］contrast greenery with isolation14. The sentence “We never ate the same thing twice” in Para. 10 reflects the of the seafood there.答案：［D］variety15. Which of the following themes is repeated in both Paras.1 and 11?答案：［A］Publicity.PASSAGE TWO16. It can be inferred from Paras.1 and 2 that teachers used to .答案：［D］teach extended reading in a perfunctory way17. The sentence “we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure” in Para.4 indicates that .答案：［C］we are born story-tellers18. Samuel Johnson regards the relationship between a writer and a reader as (Para.5).答案：［B］collaborative19. In Para.7, the author sees “pre-reading” as the most important part of reading because .答案：［C］it can attract students’ attention20. “Textual Intervention” suggested by Rob Pope (in Para. 8) is expected to fulfill all the following functions EXCEPT .答案：［C］stretching the imaginationPASSAGE THREE21. According to the author, “national service” is comparable to “military training” because they both cultivate youngsters’ .答案：［B］self discipline22. The author cites the example of his father in order to show .答案：［A］the importance of discipline23. According to the author, a national service program can bring the following benefits to America’s youngsters EXCEPT .答案：［A］increase in income24. According to the context, what does “the fire” refer to (Para. 14)?答案：［B］Anger.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS说明：简答题答案不唯一，意思对即可。

英语专八考试资料星火英语•2011专八考试预测试卷共十套下载汇总（含答案听力原文及MP3字幕）冲击波系列•2011年英语专业8级翻译新版PDF书下载（大家网首发）2011年星火英语专八预测作文共12篇PDF版下载（大家网首发）冲击波系列•2011年英语专业8级写作新版PDF书下载（大家网首发）冲击波系列•2011年英语专业8级人文知识新版PDF书下载（大家网首发）冲击波系列•2011年英语专业8级改错新版PDF书下载（大家网首发）冲击波系列•2011年英语专业8级阅读新版PDF书下载（大家网首发）冲击波系列•2011年英语专业8级听力新版PDF书及MP3下载（大家网首发）星火英语•2011英语专业8级考试满分听力PDF书，MP3及字幕下载2001年至2010年专八历年真题听力MP3及字幕下载2000-2009年英语专业八级真题及MP3下载汇总（巅峰突破，含听力原文及答案解析）英语专业八级题库与解析(冲击波)2010年新书英语专业八级考试高分集训之阅读理解下载【2010年新书】英语专业八级人文知识1000题下载星火英语：英语专业八级考试写作标准范文背诵一书下载(2008年版本)英语专业八级十年真题及详解（1999-2008）PDF书下载英语专业八级人文知识冲击波系列PDF书下载英语专业八级翻译冲击波系列PDF书下载英语专业八级阅读共约280页PDF书下载张艳莉：英语专业四八级词汇一本通共约400页PDF书下载徐栋良：当代实用英语习语共约200页PDF书下载《新编高等学校英语专业八级考试指南(邹申修订版)》.pdf下载新编高等学校英语专业八级考试指南听力（邹申）MP3下载英语专业八级核心词汇（共200多页PDF书下载）英语专业八级人文知识精讲（共180多页PDF书）下载2009英语专业八级真题（电子版）2008英语专业八级真题（电子版）2007英语专业八级真题（电子版）2010年英语专业八级预测试卷第三套（电子版）2010年英语专业八级预测试卷第二套（电子版）2010年英语专业八级预测试卷第一套（电子版）2009年英语专业八级考试听力真题（电子版）2008年英语专业八级考试听力真题（电子版）2007年英语专业八级考试听力真题（电子版）本科英语写作教材PDF下载翻译九本好书下载英语长句翻译基本功（英语翻译讲座资料共29页下载）独家发布：《英语专业八级作文指南（第四版）》常春藤系列独家发布：《英语专业八级翻译指南（第四版）》常春藤系列[下载]十天背完一万八级单词[下载]专业英语八级精通词汇12000全书PDF专八英美文化大纲英语语言学概论笔记经典中文语句英译2010版《写作160篇》写作常用语言及通用句式PDF版下载英语专业应用语言学资料9篇PDF下载英语专业八级核心词汇（共200多页PDF书下载）英语专业八级人文知识精讲（共180多页PDF书）下载英汉翻译笔记整理.doc 下载英语专业八级人文知识精讲（共180多页PDF书）下载英语专业《英国文学》复习要点新编英国文学教程PDF共约490页下载英国文学与美国文学的重点共20多页WORD下载英国文学复习提纲（中文版）WORD下载英语专业八级人文知识精讲35篇电子书下载英语专业八级人文知识20篇下载美国文学中英文名称对照电子书下载[下载]英国文学史笔记（上外）英语专业八级人文知识汇总英语专业八级人文知识精讲(精美PDF版)英语国家概况笔记趣味记忆专八人文知识英美文学及作品英国文学史刘炳善版[下载]人文知识必读：《欧洲文化学习指南》全书PDF四百页美国文学简史专业八级必看内容之美国文学专业八级必看内容之英国文学英美文学老师PPT课件下载专八改错练习及答案解析百篇下载大学专业八级改错练习及答案解析54篇电子书下载专八改错练习及答案解析35篇电子书下载专八改错练习汇总（更新中）如鱼得水记单词专八词汇mp3下载英语专业八级词汇何兆熊主篇PDF书约230页下载专业英语八级词汇背诵卡片[下载]专八词汇记忆经典：《8000英语难词近义分类速记》近500页[下载]八级英语基础同义词近义词、短语辨析（实用性极强）[下载][八级词汇背诵]2008新东方英语词根词缀记忆大全（整理打印版）[下载]牛津实用英语语法.电子书完全版闭着眼睛背1000单词共50篇下载英语语法共128篇下载英语成语及解析共30篇电子书下载英语词汇搭配及解析共33篇电子书下载英语语法之名词用法共48篇电子书下载英语语法之代词用法共47篇电子书下载英语新词汇与常用词汇的翻译共164篇下载英语八级词汇背诵大全[下载]八级英语100篇精读荟萃(低中高级)英语专业八级阅读备考核心词汇文学经典书籍下载大全（文学必备）2001年至2010年专八历年真题听力MP3及字幕下载专八新闻听力词汇总结45讲[汇总]大学英语专业八级历年真题及听力mp3下载2009专八听力及答案[下载]英语专业八级听力常用短语汇总【词典级】专八听力常用词汇汇总及文本下载英汉妙语佳句赏析约280页PDF书下载英译汉病句分析(共130页PDF书下载)汉译英难点解析500例（共32页WORD下载）英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】WORD下载翻译经验与技巧1共70篇电子书下载翻译经验与技巧2共75篇电子书下载专四专八之文学翻译一起练共35期下载[下载]《翻译理论与实践》第二版(精美课件)读中文名著英译版练八级翻译系列：老子《道德经》（詹姆斯•莱格翻译）[下载]蒋胜翻译教程（迄今最好的翻译教程）全书PDF翻译词汇大全英语翻译实践系列(完整资料大全)[下载]八级翻译长难句结构分析最新经典五十句[下载]《英汉翻译教程》全书（pdg格式）[下载]专八考试英译汉倒装句辨析技巧翻译技巧及鉴赏共75篇下载英汉对照翻译3000句孙子兵法中英文对照共15篇容易误译的英语共24篇下载英语八级汉译英练习汇总及文本下载英语翻译一本全翻译的技巧WORD下载（钱歌川）写作材料WORD下载（钱歌川）上外老师呕心沥血翻译教程（最全面）pdf下载写作精品背诵句型共40多页WORD下载专八写作范文共12篇电子书下载[下载]英语八级写作常见36类同义词归纳总结[下载]专八写作背诵范文选（新东方内部资料）专八作文范文集锦。

2021年英语专八听力真题和原文答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]2021英语专八真题音频.mp3SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, please complete the gap-fulling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammaticallyand semanticallyacceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Current Challenges Confronting U.S. Higher EducationSection B InterviewThis is the end of Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard. Question 6, what did Maureen think about socializing with writers?Question 7, what was Maureen's view about a community for poets?Question 8, why did her sections have concluding stanzas?Question 9, what did Maureen think about her way of poetry reading?Question 10, what is the interview mainly about?This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. Question 1, what is Maureen McLean, according to the interviewer?Question 2, when did Maureen first begin to read poetry?Question 3, who were the most important teachers to Maureen?Question 4, which of the following did Maureen feel more strongly about when she returned to teach at Harvard?Question 5, why did Maureen bring recordings to class?答案解析和原文1、MINI-LECTURE 录音原文Current Challenges Confronting U.S. Higher EducationGood morning, everyone. In our last lecture, we discussed challenges that face universities and colleges worldwide. Today, we'll take a special look at U.S. higher education and see what challenges U.S. higher education is facing. OK, let's get started.The first challenge we are examining in today's lecture is the force of the marketplace on higher education. Many people believe that the marketplace has overtaken state government as the dominant external force, shaping and reshaping American higher education, even for public colleges and universities. You may ask, why is it so? Well, as is always the case, government support is not keeping pace with educational expenditures. So, in many ways the market is having more bearing on higher education than government. In order to create more flexibility, many public colleges and universities are now asking for less government regulation and supervision. In some instances, they are even asking for less state money in return for more autonomy. And, their argument is that the current structures and accountability requirements have hindered their capacity to be effective and efficient. The ability to set their own tuition fees and secure freedom from state policies and regulations in areas, such as purchasing and building, represent just some of the additional autonomy that public institutions are seeking. And many are pressing for new legislation to provide this freedom through a range of innovations, including public corporations, charter colleges, state enterprise status and performance contracts.So, what is the result of these efforts? Well, the result is that activities and research in certain fields and disciplines, for example, engineering, applied natural science and agricultural science become higher institutional priorities because they have stronger market value than other programs such as humanities do. So, what has happened is that institutions create new programs, alter academic calendars and pursue differentfinancial aid policies to capture more and better students, in particular those who can afford to pay high tuition. For instance, executive MBA programs are increasingly popular. Also, institutions seek contracts and partnership agreements and enhance research programs with practical applications that have large financial payouts. In order to do so, they are changing their institutional structures. And how do they do it? Let me tell you, institutions would add new units that focus on generating external grants and bringing new technology to market. They would build conference centers and create for profit subsidiaries. All of these are done to generate more revenue for institutions. What are the implications of this? Well, the implications are that academic research is increasingly focused on marketable knowledge. Entrepreneurial priorities are taking precedence, services are being outsourced, and students are carrying an increasing burden to pay higher tuition fees for their education.Then how do university administrators view this trend? That is, the marketplace is showing stronger impact on how institutions are run. In fact, university administrators see little option except to respond to the marketplace. The reason is if their institution does not react effectively, it will not have the necessary resources to offer high quality and diverse academic programs. Institutions unable to compete may face hard circumstances because government support continues to fall, students become better informed consumers and advances in technology also widen the number and reach of competitors. In turn, the ability to compete for students, resources, faculty and prestige becomes a driving strategic force. At its extreme, competition can overtake more traditional academic values. However, the downside of pursuing market goals without appropriately balancing them against the public good is, is that institutions will no longer be able to fulfill their social responsibility to produce well-educated citizens and face the threat of losing their privileged place in society as they resemble more closely other market driven organizations.Now, let's move on to the second challenge facing U.S. higher education, that is the tension between competition and equality in admissions decisions. Since World War Two, U.S. higher education has been engaged in a process of massification, that is expanding to serve students from all walks of life. Motivating this effort is a widespread belief in the power of education to create social and economic mobility, and a belief in the morality and social value of making higher education accessible to everyone. Research data bear out public perceptions. When young people from low-income backgrounds complete a bachelor's degree. Their income and employment characteristics after graduation are equivalent to their peers from more affluent backgrounds. So, education can truly be the great equalizer.Although there is widespread public faith in the value of higher education, the progress of massification has been slow and uneven. And why is it slow and uneven? Well, one, higher education did not admit significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities until after the civil rights of the 1960s forced change. Second, despite significant expenditures on financial aid, minority and low-income individuals are still less likely to attend college than whites or students from middleand upper-income families. Although access gaps have nowadays narrowed somewhat, large gaps remain between completion rates. Low-income students come to college less prepared and must balance academic demands with work and family responsibilities.Finding ways to increase the enrollment rates of low-income students and encourage their success once enrolled are two of the most important problems facing American higher education. One of the challenges to meet these goals is that they can conflict with the other central tenets of American higher education, that is, market competition and resistance to government control. As I said before, for example, institutional competition for the most academically talented students is likely to encourage increased use of tuition discounting for students who have no financial need. And this could divert resources away from low-income students who need financial aid. Similarly, institutions may seek to distinguish themselves in the academic marketplace by becoming more selective in admissions decisions, thus reducing the number of low-income students admitted. However, a primary role of government is to mediate the potentially negative effects of competition by insisting that institutions adhere to their missions, and that institutions provide need-based financial assistance to students. So, a constant preoccupation of American higher education is this tension between the competitive, ambitious natureof institutions and the interests of government in promoting important public goals, primary among them, broad access and widespread success for all students.OK, for today's lecture, we have briefly discussed some of the major challenges facing U.S. higher education, such as the impact of the marketplace on institutions and the tension between competition and promoting public goals.2、MINI-LECTURE 答案解析1. dominant / prevailing / governing 等解析：美国高等教育所面临的两大挑战之一便是市场的力量。

【星火英语版】2017年英语专业八级考试参考答案SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. signing2. primary3. literacy4. different but complementary5. avoiding6. many other contexts7. characteristics/features8. reaction9. distance10. emotion11. deliberate12. intimacy and immediacy13. continuum14. types of language15. the usageSECTION B INTERVIEW1.What is international leaders’ assessment of the current battle against Ebola?答案：B. Disheartening.2.How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?答案：A. 200.3.According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?答案：D. Insufficient operational efforts on the ground.4.Why do health workers need case management protocol training?答案：B. They can open up more treatment units.5.What does this interview mainly talk about?答案：C. Ebola outpacing operational efforts.6.What is Tom’s main role in his new position?答案：C. Using media information to inspire new ideas.7.According to Tom, what does innovation require of people?答案：B. Being brave and willing to take a risk8.What does Tom see as game-changing chances in the future?答案：B. Aiming at a consumer level.9.What does Tom do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?答案：D. Examining the future carefully.10.Which of the following might Tom work for?答案：A. A media agency.SECTION A MULTIPLECHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONE11.The first part of Para. 4 refers to the fact that .答案：[A]life there is quiet and slow12.“The lack of awareness” in Para. 5 refers to .答案：［C］little knowledge of the beauty of the beach13.The author uses “gloriously” in Para. 6 to .答案：［C］contrast greenery with isolation14.The sentence “We never ate the same thing twice” in Para. 10 reflects the of the seafood there.答案：［D］variety15.Which of the following themes is repeated in both Paras.1 and 11?答案：［A］Publicity.PASSAGE TWO16. It can be inferred from Paras.1 and 2 that teachers used to .答案：［D］teach extended reading in a perfunctory way17. The sentence “we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure” in Para.4 indicates that .答案：［C］we are born story-tellers18. Samuel Johnson regards the relationship between a writer and a reader as (Para.5). 答案：［B］collaborative19. In Par a.7, the author sees “pre-reading” as the most important part of reading because .答案：［C］it can attract students’ attention20. “Textual Intervention” suggested by Rob Pope (in Para. 8) is expected to fulfill all the following functions EXCEPT .答案：［C］stretching the imaginationPASSAGE THREE21. According to the author, “national service” is comparable to “military training” because they both cultivate youngsters’ .答案：［B］self discipline22. The author cites the example of his father in order to show .答案：［A］the importance of discipline23. According to the author, a national service program can bring the following benefits to America’s youngsters EXCEPT .答案：［A］increase in income24. According to the context, what does “the fire” refer to (Para. 14)?答案：［B］Anger.SECTION B SHORTANSWER QUESTIONS说明：简答题答案不唯一，意思对即可。

【星火英语版】2017年英语专业八级考试参考答案SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. signing2. primary3. literacy4. different but complementary5. avoiding6. many other contexts7. characteristics/features8. reaction9. distance10. emotion11. deliberate12. intimacy and immediacy13. continuum14. types of language15. the usageSECTION B INTERVIEW1.What is international leaders’ assessment of the current battle against Ebola?答案：B. Disheartening.2.How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?答案：A. 200.3.According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?答案：D. Insufficient operational efforts on the ground.4.Why do health workers need case management protocol training?答案：B. They can open up more treatment units.5.What does this interview mainly talk about?答案：C. Ebola outpacing operational efforts.6.What is Tom’s main role in his new position?答案：C. Using media information to inspire new ideas.7.According to Tom, what does innovation require of people?答案：B. Being brave and willing to take a risk8.What does Tom see as game-changing chances in the future?答案：B. Aiming at a consumer level.9.What does Tom do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?答案：D. Examining the future carefully.10.Which of the following might Tom work for?答案：A. A media agency.SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONE11. The first part of Para. 4 refers to the fact that .答案：[A] life there is quiet and slow12. “The lack of awareness” in Para. 5 refers to .答案：［C］little knowledge of the beauty of the beach13. The author uses “gloriously” in Para. 6 to .答案：［C］contrast greenery with isolation14. The sentence “We never ate the same thing twice” in Para. 10 reflects the of the seafood there.答案：［D］variety15. Which of the following themes is repeated in both Paras.1 and 11?答案：［A］Publicity.PASSAGE TWO16. It can be inferred from Paras.1 and 2 that teachers used to .答案：［D］teach extended reading in a perfunctory way17. The sentence “we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure” in Para.4 indicates that .答案：［C］we are born story-tellers18. Samuel Johnson regards the relationship between a writer and a reader as (Para.5).答案：［B］collaborative19. In Para.7, the author sees “pre-reading” as the most important part of reading because .答案：［C］it can attract students’ attention20. “Textual Intervention” suggested by Rob Pope (in Para. 8) is expected to fulfill all the following functions EXCEPT .答案：［C］stretching the imaginationPASSAGE THREE21. According to the author, “national service” is comparable to “military training” because they both cultivate youngsters’ .答案：［B］self discipline22. The author cites the example of his father in order to show .答案：［A］the importance of discipline23. According to the author, a national service program can bring the following benefits to America’s youngsters EXCEPT .答案：［A］increase in income24. According to the context, what does “the fire” refer to (Para. 14)?答案：［B］Anger.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS说明：简答题答案不唯一，意思对即可。

英语专八听力原文练习及答案英语专八听力原文练习及答案备考英语考试，练习是基础。

为了帮助同学们更好的复习，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专八听力原文练习及答案，希望大家能有所收获!1. According to Dr. Adams, what should wehave as an attainable goal of language learning?A. Speaking as fluently as a nativespeaker.B. Gaining proficiency in a foreignlanguage.C. Learning a language well within amonth.D. Learning words without active use ofthem.2. Which of the following is Dr. Adams'suggestion to tap your learning potential?A. Following what a role model does.B.Learning new words in contexts.C. Knowing your own ways of learning.D.Reciting new vocabularies loudly.3. If you favor reading illustrated books tolearn a language, you are primarilyA. an auditory learner.B. avisual learner.C. a tactile learner.D. an unusual learner.4. When watching movies to learn English, youshould NOTA. turn on the captions for reference.B. watch in the most relaxed possible way.C. pause when encountering newexpressions.D. use an English-English dictionary.5. According to the interview, which of thefollowing helps tobetter understand different accents?A. Following classroom instructions.B.Watching plenty of movies online.C. Breaking down cultural barriers.D. Backpacking around the world.6.According to Magdalena Alvarez, at least survivors died hours after the accident.A. 19B. 26C. 6D. 1537. Whichof the following statements about the crash is TRUE?A. The number of casualties was 153 onWednesday.B. There accident killed 172 passengers onboard.C. The crash took place when the plane waslanding.D. The crash was caused probably by theengine fire.8.According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Humphrey Lyttelton is known to the radiolisteners as a weather broadcaster.B. Humphrey Lyttelton sought his fame as aguitar player and band leader in the 1940s.C. Humphrey Lyttelton produced his firstBritish jazz record which entered the top 20.D. Humphrey Lyttelton continued recordingand touting with his band until 1970s.9. Morethan two hundred years ago, the bagpipes were prohibited asA. noisy nuisances.B. arms involved in wars.C. anti-social pipes.D. national instruments.10.According m the news, UEFAA. could not agree with Sir Blatter, thepresident of FIFA.B. insisted on restricting the number offoreign players.C. attributed the success of English teamsto foreign players.D. proposed a limit of five foreign playersin each team.英语专八高分的听力技巧英语专业八级考试以其特定的考试人群，高级别的难度、有限的通过率和国内本科时代“终极”英文等级证书的名号而使其具备相当的稀缺性和辨识度。

【星火英语版】2017年英语专业八级考试参考答案SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. signing2. primary3. literacy4. different but complementary5. avoiding6. many other contexts7. characteristics/features8. reaction9. distance10. emotion11. deliberate12. intimacy and immediacy13. continuum14. types of language15. the usageSECTION B INTERVIEW1.What is international leaders’ assessment of the current battle against Ebola?答案：B. Disheartening.2.How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?答案：A. 200.3.According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?答案：D. Insufficient operational efforts on the ground.4.Why do health workers need case management protocol training?答案：B. They can open up more treatment units.5.What does this interview mainly talk about?答案：C. Ebola outpacing operational efforts.6.What is Tom’s main role in his new position?答案：C. Using media information to inspire new ideas.7.According to Tom, what does innovation require of people?答案：B. Being brave and willing to take a risk8.What does Tom see as game-changing chances in the future?答案：B. Aiming at a consumer level.9.What does Tom do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?答案：D. Examining the future carefully.10.Which of the following might Tom work for?答案：A. A media agency.SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONE11. The first part of Para. 4 refers to the fact that .答案：[A] life there is quiet and slow12. “The lack of awareness” in Para. 5 refers to .答案：［C］little knowledge of the beauty of the beach13. The author uses “gloriously” in Para. 6 to .答案：［C］contrast greenery with isolation14. The sentence “We never ate the same thing twice” in Para. 10 reflects the of the seafood there.答案：［D］variety15. Which of the following themes is repeated in both Paras.1 and 11?答案：［A］Publicity.PASSAGE TWO16. It can be inferred from Paras.1 and 2 that teachers used to .答案：［D］teach extended reading in a perfunctory way17. The sentence “we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure” in Para.4 indicates that .答案：［C］we are born story-tellers18. Samuel Johnson regards the relationship between a writer and a reader as (Para.5).答案：［B］collaborative19. In Para.7, the author sees “pre-reading” as the most important part of reading because .答案：［C］it can attract students’ attention20. “Textual Intervention” suggested by Rob Pope (in Para. 8) is expected to fulfill all the following functions EXCEPT .答案：［C］stretching the imaginationPASSAGE THREE21. According to the author, “national service” is comparable to “military training” because they both cultivate youngsters’ .答案：［B］self discipline22. The author cites the example of his father in order to show .答案：［A］the importance of discipline23. According to the author, a national service program can bring the following benefits to America’s youngsters EXCEPT .答案：［A］increase in income24. According to the context, what does “the fire” refer to (Para. 14)?答案：［B］Anger.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS说明：简答题答案不唯一，意思对即可。

星火英语专八阅读Studying for the Special Level 8 English Proficiency Test, also known as the TEM-8, is a challenging yet rewarding experience. It requires dedication, perseverance, and a strong command of the English language. In this document, I will share some tips and strategies for preparing for the TEM-8 reading section.The reading section of the TEM-8 is designed to test your ability to understand and interpret written English texts. It consists of a series of passages followed by multiple-choice questions that assess your comprehension, vocabulary, and critical thinking skills. To succeed inthis section, it is essential to develop effective reading strategies and practice regularly.One of the key strategies for tackling the TEM-8 reading section is to improve your reading speed and comprehension. This can be achieved through regularpractice and exposure to a variety of English texts,including newspapers, magazines, academic articles, and literary works. By reading widely and actively engagingwith the material, you can enhance your vocabulary, grammar, and overall understanding of the English language.Another important tip for success in the TEM-8 reading section is to pay attention to the structure andorganization of the passages. Look for key information such as main ideas, supporting details, and transitions between paragraphs. By identifying the main points of each passage, you can better understand the author's intent and answerthe questions more effectively.Additionally, it is crucial to practice answering multiple-choice questions under timed conditions. This will help you improve your test-taking skills and become more familiar with the format of the TEM-8 reading section. Tryto simulate exam conditions as closely as possible, andwork on pacing yourself to ensure that you can complete the section within the allocated time.Furthermore, developing a strong vocabulary isessential for success in the TEM-8 reading section. Make a habit of learning new words and phrases, and practice using them in context. This will not only improve your comprehension of the passages but also enhance your overall language proficiency.In conclusion, preparing for the TEM-8 reading section requires dedication, practice, and effective strategies. By improving your reading speed and comprehension, paying attention to passage structure, practicing under timed conditions, and expanding your vocabulary, you can increase your chances of success on the exam. Remember to stay focused, stay motivated, and stay positive throughout your preparation journey. Good luck!。

星火专八满分听力Model_8星火专八满分听力Model Test EightSection A Mini-lectureIn this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE OLNY, While listening, take notes on the important points. You notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you’ll be given two minutes to check your notes, another 10 minutes to complete the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture .Complete the gap-filling task some of the gap below may require a maximum of THREE words, Make sure the word(S) you fill in (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. you may refer to your notesSeven Types of EvidenceIt is important to learn to use evidence in argumentative writing, because without evidence, you can’t persuade anybody of anything. Usually seven types of evidence are used.1.Expert TestimonyExpert testimony is useful because it comes from somebody with special knowledge and has been tested by others.There are three kinds of expert testimony: facts, informed opinions, and (1) ________ The first two can be safely used in your writing, but the third may be dangerous, because they are just what is probably true.2.(2) ________This refers to data that can reveal some information. Strong evidence of tthis type should be valid, accurate, and (3) ________3.ExamplesExamples are widely used in our daily life.Examples can serve three purposes. First, clarify meaning. Second, provide reason for justification. Third, (4) ________.4.Personal ExperienceWriter can use his personal experience to support an argument. But if the experience is(5) ________, the argument will not be very forceful.5.AnalogyAnalogy is a comparison of apparently dissimilar things.Analogy can make unfamiliar topics (6) ________, but it is not enough to prove anything.6.Known FactsKnown facts are facts that are known to(7) ________. They can be used as a type of evidence.7.Logic and ReasoningLogic and reasoning may be used in two situations.One, (8) ________ is not available.Two, the writer wants to strengthen the persuasiveness of this factual evidence.8.Three Criteria for Good Evidence1. relevant2. (9) ________3. (10) ________Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions. Now listen to the interview.1.The interview is mainly a discussion concerningA. men and positionB. men and propertyC. women and inheritanceD. women and property2.According to the interview, what is called property grabbing?A. The husband’s property is taken by his relatives.B. The husband’s property is taken by the government.C. The husband’s property is taken by robbers.D. The husband’s property is taken by his wife.3.The women don’t do anything to prevent property grabbing becauseA. The law is against them.B. They don’t know that they have rights to keep property.C. The law is for them.D. They don’t want to damage the relationship with their husband’s relatives.4.According to the interview, the way of preventing property grabbing for a woman is toA. Learn more about the inheritance law.B. Quarrel with her husband’s relatives for her property fiercely.C. Ask her relatives to put her husband’s relatives into prison.D. Go to Mrs. Mutwa for assistance.5.Which of the following is not Mrs. Mutwa’s recommendations?A. Making a will with the husband.B. Registering your home.C. Getting legal advice from a lawyer.D. Donating the property.Section C News BroadcastIn this section, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.6. Who will NOT attend the summit organized by the ASEAN?A. Heads of state.B. Heads of government.C. Representatives of international organizations.D. Peace lovers.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news7. Which is the most possible reason for such a disaster?A. The doors were locked.B. A flare fired into the club’s ceiling.C. There was a rock concert.D. People are too crowded.Question 8-9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news8. Philippine’s President Gloria ArroyoA. has been found guilty of wrongdoing.B. was forced to step down after 10 of 24 cabinet members resigned from thegovernment.C. will continue to run the government according to the constitution.D. had a tension with the new cabinet.9. Which word can be used to describe the state of government after the event?A. FunctionalB. RebelliousC. CollapsedD. UncontrolledQuestion 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news10. Before Luxemburg goes to the polls, which country has already expressed their unwillingness to accept the treaty?A. GermanyB. SwitzerlandC. SpainD. France。

专八真题预测卷答案解析在备战专八考试过程中，很多考生会选择预测卷进行模拟训练，以便更好地了解考试形式和题型。

本文将对一套专八真题预测卷的答案进行解析，帮助考生理解正确解题的思路和方法。

听力部分解析：第一节：短对话理解这部分主要测试考生对于简短对话的理解能力。

预测卷上的短对话主要涉及日常生活的各个方面，包括购物、工作、旅行等。

考生需要仔细聆听对话中的信息，准确捕捉关键词，从而选择正确的答案。

此外，还需注意对话者的语气、情感等因素，以帮助理解对话内容。

第二节：长对话理解这部分主要考察考生对于较长对话的整体理解和细节把握能力。

在预测卷上，长对话主要涉及学术讲座、会议、访谈等场景。

考生需要注意对话者的观点、态度，以及关键信息的提取和重要细节的归纳。

通过积累阅读、听力材料进行训练，可以提高对于长对话的理解能力。

第三节：短文理解这部分主要考察考生对于短文的整体理解和细节把握能力。

预测卷上的短文主要涉及人物介绍、社会事件、科普知识等方面。

考生需要注意抓住短文的主题和中心思想，同时捕捉关键信息，理解文章的脉络和逻辑关系，从而选择正确的答案。

阅读部分解析：第一节：阅读理解在预测卷的阅读理解部分，往往会涉及不同类型的文章，包括新闻报道、科学研究、社会评论等。

考生需要在有限的时间内，快速阅读并理解文章的主题、结构和观点，找出问题所涉及的具体信息，从而选择正确的答案。

通过多阅读各类文章进行练习，可以提高阅读理解的能力。

第二节：阅读填空这部分主要考察考生对于短文整体内容和细节的理解能力。

预测卷上的短文内容涉及各个领域，包括文化、科技、社会等。

考生需要阅读并理解短文的主旨和重要信息，根据提示词语选择合适的答案填入空白处。

通过刷题和模拟训练，可以提高对于短文填空题的答题技巧。

写作部分解析：第一部分：图表作文预测卷上的图表作文主要涉及统计数据和趋势分析。

考生需要准确理解图表所给的信息，并运用所学的写作技巧进行分析和描述。

一般来说，图表作文需要包括图表的简单介绍、数据的总结和趋势的解释等。

The popularity of EnglishGood morning, everyone. Today's lecture is about the popularity of English.As we all know, English is widely used in the world. Althpugh English is not the language with the largest number of native or first language speakers, it has really become a lingua franca. Then what is a lingua franca? The term refers to a language which is widely adopted for communication be?tween two speakers whose native languages are different from each others and where one or both speakers are using it as a second language ( Q1). For example, when an Indian talks to a Singaporean using English, then English is the lingua franca.Then actually how many people speak English as either a first or a second language? Some re?searches suggested that a few years ago that between 320 , 000 , 000 to 380 , 000 , 000 people spoke English as a first language. And anyway between 250 , 000 , 000 to 350 , 000 , 000 as a second language ( Q2 ) . And of course , if we include people who are learning English as a foreign language all over the world, that number may increase dramatically. Then we may ask a question, how did English get there? That is how did English gain the present status of popularity? There are in fact a number of interlocking reasons for the popularity of English as a lingua franca. Many of the reasons are historical , but they also include economic and cultural factors that influenced and sustained this spread of the language. Let's go through the reasons one by one. First, it's the historical reason ( Q3) . This is related to the colonial history. As we know, when' the Pilgrim Fathers landed on the Massachusetts coast in 1620 after their journey from England, they brought with them not just a set of religious beliefs, a pioneering spirit or a desire for colonization, but also their language. Although many years later, the Americans broke away from their colonial master, the language of English remained and still does. It was the same in Australia too. When Commander Philippe planted the British flag in Sydney curve on the 26th of January 1788 , it was not just a bunch of British convicts and their guardians but also a language. In other parts of the former British Empire, English rapidly became a unifying or dominating means of control. For example, it became a lingua franca in India where a variety of indigenous languages made the use of any one of them as a whole country system problematic ( Q4). So the imposition of English as the one language of a ministration helps maintain the colonizers' control and power. Thus English traveled around many parts of the world in those days and long after that colonial empire has faded away. It is too widely used as a main or at least an institutional language in countries as far apart as Jamaica and Pakistan, \ Uganda and New Zealand. That is the first factor.Now the second major factor. in the spread of English has been the spread of commerce through?out the world. The spread of international commerce has taken English along with it ( Q5 ) . This is the 20111 century phenomenon of globalization. Therefore, one of the first sights many travelers see when arriving in countries as diverse as Brazil, China for example, it's the yellow, twin art sign of a Macdonald's fast food restaurant or some other famous brand's outlets. And without doubt, English is used as the language of communication in the international business community.And the third factor related to the popular use of English is the boom in international travel ( Q6). And you will find that much travel and tourism is carried on around the world in English. Of course this is not always the case. As the multi-lingualism of many tourism workers in different countries demonstrate. But a visit to most airports on the globe will show signs not only in the language of that country but also in English. Just as many airline announcements are broadcast in English too. Whatever the language of the country the airport is situated in. So far, English is also the preferred language of air-traffic control in many countries and it is used widely in sea travel communication ( Q7 ).Another factor has something to do with the information exchange around the world. As we all know, a great deal of academic discourse around the world takes place in English. It is often a lingua franca of conferences, for example. And many journal articles in fields as diverse as astronomy, trial psychology and zoology have English as a kind of default language ( Q8).The last factor I cite here concerns popular culture. In the western world at least, English is a dominating language in popular culture. Pop music in English can be heard on many radios ( Q9). Thus many people who are not English speakers can sing words from their favorite English medium songs. And many people who are regular cinema-goers or TV viewers can frequently hear English in sub-titled films coming out of the USA.Now, to sum up, in today's lecture, we have reviewed some of the reasons or factors that lie be?hind the popular use of English as the NO. 1 world language. Before we finish, I would like to leave a few questions for you to think about. Is the status of English as the NO. 1 world language assured in the future? Will it split into varieties that become less mutually intelligible? Or some other language or languages take the place of English as the world language in future ( Q1 ). These questions are not easy to answer, I know, but they are definitely worth pondering over after the lecture. OK, let's bring us to the end of today's lecture. Thank you for your attention. SECTION B CONVERSATIONW Hello! Freddy.NI: Hello! Marry. How nice to see you again! How is everything going?W Fine. Busy these days?M : Yeah. With lots of things to do. Would you like to join me for a drink?W: Ok! Thanks!M: Any news recently?W Oh! Well , I read in the local paper the other day that the government is planning to build an air?port here. You knew that?M Afraid not.My real objection to this idea of a new airport is... is that the whole thing is so wasteful. I mean, we know we are currently in a fuel crisis. We know that we've got to conserve oil and fuel and all the rest of it and yet here the government seems quite deliberately to be encouraging people to travel, to use. And these jets use a heck of a lot of oil. I mean it takes a ton of oil, a ton of pet?rolbefore one of this big jets even takes off (Q1).M: Hmmm.W: It seems so completely short-sighted to me, quite apart from all the waste of land and so on. I can't see, I can't see the rational behind really wanting an... an airport at all.M: Well, surely you must admit the existing airport nearby are becoming swarmed. I mean, why should people...NV: Well, they are being swarmed.111: be treated like cattle when there's a chance of a new airport here.W: But, but really, people shouldn't be traveling as much. That's, that's why most of the journeys, I mean, they are swarmed, because there is far too much unnecessary tourism and so on. It isn't necessary for people to travel so fast, or still, even so often ( Q2).M: Well. You take the climate here in this country. Now, just before Christmas, there 'was this dreadful cold spell and there was a tremendous increase in the number of people who wanted to leave and spend Christmas and the New Year in a reasonable climate of sun and a certain mild climate. And in summer, the same situation occurs. It is unbearably hot here and people want go somewhere cool.W: Yes, I can sympathize with that. But it is still not really necessary to do or as it is necessary to conserve fuel and it is necessary to ... well not to waste land, I mean, land for new airport could be used for far more important things which would benefit the people here far more ( Q2). I mean, it could be used for farming, for instance.M: True.W: It could also be used for housing, or it could be used for parks, you know. People then, could come and enjoy themselves without having to travel far.Mi But, airports do bring some local advantages. They bring roads, there's obviously extra employment, for instance, new hotels, shops, restaurants will have to be built, this means, more jobs for the locals and it is good for local economy ( Q3).W: But, you ask the people, you ask those who are now living near the airports, for instance, whether they reckon that airports are bringing them advantages or the airport is bringing noise and vast motorways and the whole area is desolated, isn't it? ( Q2)M: But, the airport infrastructure relies on housing and other facilities for the great number of people who would be employed in the airport, the pilot even, the stewardnesses. They have to live somewhere near the airport, right?W: Yeah, but it's, it's just so damaging to the whole area. I think, airports, from my point of view, the whole concept is outdated really. With modern technology, we're going to make a lot of travel unnecessary, really (Q4). For example, it won't be necessary for businessman to fly out to a foreign country to talk to somebody. They can just lift up telephone in the office, press the but?ton and see the person they want to do business with. You see, business deals can be made with?out having to travel back and forth, right?M: Yes, you're right. But, for a lot of people, 'personal contact is important. And this means travel, and means quick travel, air 'travel and we just need a new airport (Q5).SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1 (for question 6)The New Moderates Party began forming the new Swedish government on Monday. In Sunday's Elections , the New Moderates Party defeated the Social Democrats. The Social Democratic Party has controlled Sweden for all but nine years since 1932 , building up the country's generous welfare state. But the New Moderates wants to change it. ( Q6 ) Sweden's welfare system is famed around the world, but the system encourages people to be lazy and unemployment is also high in Sweden. One reason is the high tax on companies which makes it difficult to employ new people.News Item 2 (for questions 7 and 8)Much of the world was watching on television when the command of the Apollo-11 mission Neal Armstrong took the first steps on the moon in July 1969. The pictures of that historic footstep and ?everything else about that and subsequent of Apollo moon landings were recorded on magnetic tape at three NASA ground tracking stations around the world. The tapes were then shipped to a NASA operation centre near Washington—the Goddard Space Flight Centre. ( Q7 ) In late 1969 , the space agency began transferring them and tens of thousands of tapes from other space missions to a nearby U. S. government archives warehouse: NASA says it asked for them back in the 1970s, but now does not know where they are. "I probably am overly sensitive to the word `lost' . I did not feel they are lost. " said Richard Nafzger, a Goddard Space Flight Centre engineer who was in charge of television processing from all of NASA's ground receiving sites. The Space Agency has authorized him to set a?side his other duties for the foreseeable future and devote his time to the hunt for the tapes. Nafzger says- they are stored somewhere. ( Q8 )News Item 3 (for questions 9 and 10)More than 22 million people who live in the Unite State don't speak or understand English very well and that can be deadly. In a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Doctor Glan Flores highlights some cases where language barriers prevented patients from communicating with health-care providers with serious consequences. ( Q9 ) Doctor Flores records one incident in which English-speaking doctors `thought a Spanish-speaking man was suffering from a drug over-doze. "He was in the hospital basically for two days being worked up for drug abuse " , Flores says. " They finally did a head CT scan and realized he had had a major bleed into his brain. He ended up being paralyzed and he got a 71 million dollars settlement award from the hospital. " Doctor Flores , a professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin, says that despite examples like that, the majority of US health-care facilities still do not have trained interpreters on sight, but he acknowledges that increasing numbers of health care workers are bilingual and that more clinics and hospitals do make sure their staff and patients understand eachother. ( Q10)参考答案SECTION A MINI-LECTURE（1）native languages (2).350 (3).Historical (4).India (5).commerce (6).Boom (7).sea travel communication (8).conferences (9).many radios (10).splitSECTION B&C1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.D（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2024)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150MINLISTENING COMPREHENSION PART ISECTION A (25MIN)MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now,listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews.At the end of each interview,five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the interviews and the questions will be read ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause,you should read the four choices of A,B,C and D,and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now,listen to the first interview.Questions1to5are based on the first interview1. A.It is more demanding.C.It is too theoretical.2. A.It is more memorable.C.It is limited to the time of writing.3. A.Readership. B.It is quite relaxing.D.It is more aesthetic.B.It focuses on aesthetic issues.D.It has different themes and subjects.B.Viewpoint.D.Theme.B.Minor novels.D.Novels of CentralC.Purpose.4. A.Gothic novels.Europe.C.Science fiction.5. A.There will still be a few options.B.Confusion will continue among readers.C.Novels will certainly become a rarity.D.People will go on buying literary books.Now,listen to the second interview.Questions6to10are based on the second interview.6. A.Three feet.C.Six inches.7. A.Number of satellites. B.Eight inches.D.Six feetB.Height of ice surface.D.Gravity in Antarctica.B.Changes in height. D.Increase inC.Amount of snowfall.8. A.Decrease in ice sheet.snowfall.C.Changes in gravitational pull.9. A.Eliminating carbon in the atmosphere.B.Reducing climate pollution emissions.C.Continuing height measurement.D.Producing more accurate predictions.10.A.Climate change and its consequences.B.Effects of climate change on coastal areas.C.New findings from satellite data.D.Proposals to slow down climate change.PART II READING COMPREHENSION(45MIN) SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions.For each multiple choice question,there are four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)If the properties of human language make it such a unique communication system,quite different from the communication systems of other creatures,then it would seem extremely unlikely that other creatures would be able to understand it.Some humans,however,do not behave as if this is the case.There is,after all,a lot of spoken language directed by humans to animals,apparently under the impression that the animal follows what is being said. Riders can say Whoa to horses and they stop.Should we treat these examples as evidence that non-humans can understand human language?Probably not.The standard explanation is that the animal produces a particular behavior in response to a particular sound-stimulus or noise,but does not actually“understand”what the words in the noise mean.(2)In an early attempt to teach a chimpanzee to use human language,in the1930s,two scientists(Luella and Winthrop Kellogg)raised an infant chimpanzee together with their baby son.The chimpanzee,called Gua,was reported to be able to understand about a hundred words,but did not“say”any of them.In the1940s,a chimpanzee named Viki was reared by another scientist couple(Catherine and Keith Hayes)in their own home,exactly as if she were a human child.These foster parents spent five years attempting to get Viki to“say”English words by trying to shape her mouth as she produced sounds.Viki eventually managed to produce some words,rather poorly articulated versions of“mama”,“papa”and“cup”.In retrospect,this was a remarkable achievement since it has become clear that non-human primates do not actually have a physically structured vocal tract which is suitable for articulating the sounds used in speech.(3)Recognizing that a chimpanzee was a poor candidate for spoken language learning,another scientist couple (Beatrix and Allen Gardner)set out to teach a female chimpanzee called Washoe to use a version of American Sign Language.This sign language has all the essential properties of human language and is learned by many congenitally deaf children as their natural first language.From the beginning,the Gardner’s and their research assistants raised Washoe like a human child in a comfortable domestic environment.Sign language was always used when Washoe was around and she was encouraged to use signs.In a period of three and a half years,Washoe came to use signs for more than a hundred words.Even more impressive was Washoe’s ability to take these forms and combine them to produce“sentences”of the type“gimme tickle”,“more fruit”and“open food drink”.Some of the forms appear to have been inventions by Washoe,as in her novel sign for“bib”and in the combination“water bird”(referring to a swan),which would seem to indicate that her communication system had the potential for productivity.(4)At the same time as Washoe was learning sign language,another chimpanzee named Sarah was being taught (by Ann and David Premack)to use a set of plastic shapes for the purpose of communicating with humans.These plastic shapes represented“words”that could be arranged in sequence to build“sentences”.The basic approach was quite different from that of the Gardner’s.Sarah was systematically trained to associate these shapes with objects or actions.She remained an animal in a cage,being trained with food rewards to manipulate a set of symbols.Once she had learned to use a large number of these plastic shapes,Sarah was capable of getting an apple by selecting the correct plastic shape(a blue triangle)from a large array.Sarah was also capable of producing“sentences”such as “Mary give chocolate Sarah”and had the impressive capacity to understand complex structures such as“If Sarah put red on green,Mary give Sarah chocolate”.(5)A psychologist Herbert Terrace argued that chimpanzees simply produce signs in response to the demands of people and tend to repeat signs those people use,yet they are treated as if they are taking part in a“conversation”.As in many critical studies of animal learning,the chimpanzees’behavior is viewed as a type of conditioned response to cues provided by human trainers.(6)Important lessons have been learned from attempts to teach chimpanzees how to use forms of language.We have answered some questions.Were Washoe and Sarah capable of taking part in interaction with humans by using asymbol system chosen by humans and not chimpanzees?The answer is clearly“Yes.”Could Washoe and Sarah go on to perform linguistically on a level comparable to a two-year-old child?The answer is just as clearly“No.”In arriving at these answers,we have also had to face the fact that,even with our list of key properties,we still don’t seem to have a non-controversial definition of what counts as“using language”.It has to be fair to say that,in both cases,we observe the participants“using language”.However,there is a difference.Underlying the two-year-old’s communicative activity is the capacity to develop a highly complex system of sounds and structures,plus a set of computational procedures,which will allow the child to produce extended discourse containing a potentially infinite number of novel utterances.No other creature has been observed“using language”in this sense.It is in this more fundamental or abstract sense that we say that language is uniquely human.11.What can we learn from the two attempts in Para.2?A.Being raised with a human child is essential.B.Mouth shaping is crucial in language learning.C.Time length is an important factor in experiments.D.Non-human creatures are different in vocal tracts.12.Which of the following statements about Washoe and Sarah is INCORRECT?A.They were taught in different approaches.B.They were raised in similar environments.C.They were somewhat innovative in expression.D.They were non-human primates for experiments.13.Which of the following is a conditioned response to human cues?A.“Mama”and“cup”(Viki).C.“Water bird”(Washoe).14.What is the topic of the B.“Open food drink”(Washoe).D.“Mary give chocolate Sarah”(Sarah).passage?A.Animal behavior and language.C.Animals and human language.B.Animal communication system.D.Animals and human behavior. PASSAGE TWO(1)It was well past midnight this past July and the round-the-clock Arctic sun was shining on Mercy Bay. Exhausted Parks Canada archaeologist Ryan Harris was experiencing a rare moment of rest on the rocky beach, looking out over the bay’s dark,ice-studded water.Around him,a dozen red-and-yellow tents lined the shoreline—the only signs of life.Every day for the previous two weeks,work had started by mid-morning and continued nonstop for16hours.Night and day had little relevance in the murky,near-freezing waters.Along with Parks Canada’s chief of underwater archaeology,Marc-Andre Bernier,Harris has overseen more than100dives at this remote inlet of Banks Island in Aulavik National Park,exploring the wreck of HMS Investigator,a British vessel that has sat on the bottom of the bay for more than160years.(2)Harris and a small team of archaeologists had discovered Investigator in2010and returned in2011with a larger team to dive,study,and document the wreck,which holds a critical place in the history of Arctic exploration. Twenty-five feet below the surface,Investigator sits upright,intact,and remarkably well preserved.Silt covers everything below the main deck,entombing the officers’cabins,the ship’s galley,and a full library.The archaeologists had intended to leave the wreck and its artifacts where they had lain since the polar ship was abandoned, trapped in ice,on June3,1853.Artifact recovery was not part of their original plan,but that plan changed after their first few dives.(3)The team was instantly surprised by the number of artifacts they saw—muskets(火枪),shoes,and hunks of copper sheathing rested on Investigator’s upper deck,dangled off the hull,or lay haphazardly on the sediment. Leaving these artifacts behind in Mercy Bay would have made them vulnerable to the icebergs that regularly scour the bay’s floor,including the ones the six-man dive team had been dodging since their arrival.(4)Each piece fished from the water was a clue to life at sea aboard a ship during a period of British fervor for Arctic exploration.The captain of Investigator,Robert McClure,was originally sent to find and rescue two ships, HIMS Erebus and HMS Terror,that Sir John Franklin had led into the Arctic in1845to discover the long-sought Northwest Passage connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.Investigator’s voyage ended,without sight or word of Franklin’s ships or crew,when it was set upon by ice in Mercy Bay.After39months at sea,the listing ship sat,slowly being crushed on all sides,for three frigid years—with no Inuit encounters,no British search parties,and no relief. For much of that time,McClure and his crew of60were desperate and under constant threat of starvation,until a surprising rescue in the spring of1853.Fifty-five men survived the ordeal.(5)In July2010,after months of study to pinpoint Investigator’s resting place,the actual discovery of the wreck took just a few minutes.Harris was in the bay in an inflatable boat testing sonar equipment when the wreck came into range.The four hours of video gathered on that trip showed that the ship was,in essence,frozen in time,protected by the cold water and opaque,light-blocking ice cover.It would be a year before they could return with cold-water diving equipment to have a closer,more detailed look.Over that year,the Parks Canada team pored over photographs and examined glowing gold ultrasound images that showed timber from the wreck scattered across the upper deck like matchsticks.They sought and received the blessing for a more intensive exploration of the wreck site from the136 residents of Sachs Harbour,an Inuvialuit(Inuit from the western Arctic)community on the southwestern tip of Banks Island,the closest permanent community,some125miles away.In addition to the underwater work to document the wreck,archaeologist Henry Cary led a land-based survey and excavation team of Inuvialuit archaeologists, conservation officers,and park staff.It fell upon Cary to shuttle the8,820pounds of equipment up to the74th parallel, including tents,a three-week supply of food,two boats,diving gear,compressors,recording equipment,surveying tools,and20barrels for collecting fresh drinking water.(6)The archaeologists came prepared for delays,nasty weather,and polar bears—but they weren’t prepared for the number of artifacts that needed recovery.Harris,Bernier,Cary,and their crews had packed cameras,lasers,and measuring tapes to document the sites but fewer items to help them retrieve,excavate,or transfer artifacts.Recovering the wreck’s finds quickly used up their small toolkit for stabilizing artifacts:foam padding,tongue depressors,and gauze bandages.(7)“We had not really envisioned the number of artifacts that were visible and exposed on the deck.So,basically, we had to improvise,”says Bernier.(8)Someone ripped the lid of a large black storage case off its hinges to use as a cradle to lift a bent and corroded musket from the frigid waters.A large food cooler was loaded with a shredded,twisted,oxidized sample of the copper sheathing used by the British navy to reinforce their Arctic fleet for contact with icebergs.To protect a fragile rectangle of encrusted felt—a novel addition to Investigator that was intended to keep the ship watertight—Harris fashioned a cover out of absorbent chamois(鹿皮),ripped up an old black T-shirt to place underneath it,and sandwiched the artifact between floorboards taken from the boat that had shuttled them between land and the wreck. The artifacts then made a more than4,000-mile journey,by helicopter and commercial airliner,to the Parks Canada conservation lab in Ottawa,where they are being conserved and studied today.15.Which of the following details about the underwater exploration is CORRECT?A.Work started on the ship wreck during the team’s second trip.B.The original plan was to explore the ship and retrieve the artifacts.C.The team spent their nights near a local residents’community.D.The team began exploring the ship wreck soon after its discovery.16.What can we learn about Investigator?A.It was sent to discover a new sea passage.B.Its actual discovery was time-consuming.C.It got in touch with Erebus and Terror.D.It got stuck in ice and was later abandoned.17.Why did Bernier say that they had to improvise(Para.7)?A.They had to fight against the treacherous weather.B.They had little time to pack and stabilize those artifacts.C.They did not have proper tools to excavate so many artifacts.D.They had no idea what those artifacts were used for on board.18.Which of the following words best describes the archaeologists’way of protecting the retrieved artifacts?A.Incredible.B.Innovative.C.Imaginable.D.Inefficient.19.The last paragraph mentions all the following EXCEPT______A.who made the artifacts.C.what artifacts were recovered.B.where the artifacts were sent.D.how the artifacts were protected. PASSAGE THREE(1)My father was,I am sure,intended by nature to be a cheerful,kindly man.Until he was thirty-four years oldhe worked as a farmhand for a man named Thomas Butterworth whose place lay near the town of Bidwell.He had then a horse of his own and on Saturday evenings drove into town to spend a few hours in social intercourse with other farmhands.In town he drank several glasses of beer and stood about in Ben Head’s saloon—crowded on Saturday evenings with visiting farmhands.Songs were sung and glasses thumped on the bar.At ten o’clock father drove home along a lonely country road,made his horse comfortable for the night and himself went to bed,quite happy in his position in life.He had at that time no notion of trying to rise in the world.(2)It was in the spring of his thirty-fifth year that father married my mother,then a country school teacher,and inthe following spring I came wriggling and crying into the world.Something happened to the two people.They became ambitious.The passion for getting up in the world took possession of them.(3)It may have been that mother was responsible.Being a school teacher she had no doubt read books andmagazines.She had,I presume,read of how some people rose from poverty to fame and greatness and as I lay beside her—in the days of her lying-in—she may have dreamed that I would someday rule men and cities.At any rate she induced father to give up his place as a farmhand,sell his horse and embark on an independent enterprise of his own.She was a tall silent woman with a long nose and troubled grey eyes.For herself she wanted nothing.For father and myself she was incurably ambitious.(4)The first venture into which the two people went turned out badly.They rented ten acres of poor stony landon Griggs’s Road,eight miles from Bidwell,and launched into chicken raising.I grew into boyhood on the place and got my first impressions of life there.From the beginning they were impressions of disaster and if,in my turn,I am a gloomy man inclined to see the darker side of life,I attribute it to the fact that what should have been for me the happy joyous days of childhood were spent on a chicken farm.(5)One unversed in such matters can have no notion of the many and tragic things that can happen to a chicken.It is born out of an egg,lives for a few weeks as a tiny fluffy thing such as you will see pictured on Easter cards,then becomes hideously naked,eats quantities of corn and meal bought by the sweat of your father’s brow,gets diseases called pip,cholera,and other names,stands looking with stupid eyes at the sun,becomes sick and dies.A few hens and now and then a rooster,intended to serve God’s mysterious ends,struggle through to maturity.The hens lay eggs out of which come other chickens and the dreadful cycle is thus made complete.It is all unbelievably complex.Most philosophers must have been raised on chicken farms.One hopes for so much from a chicken and is so dreadfully disillusioned.Small chickens,just setting out on the journey of life,look so bright and alert and they are in fact so dreadfully stupid.They are so much like people they mix one up in one’s judgments of life.If disease does not kill them they wait until your expectations are thoroughly aroused and then walk under the wheels of a wagon—to go squashed and dead back to their maker.Vermin infest their youth,and fortunes must be spent for curative powders.(6)For ten years my father and mother struggled to make our chicken farm pay and then they gave up thatstruggle and began another.They decided to move into the town of Bidwell,and embarked in the restaurant business. 5After ten years of worry with incubators that did not hatch,and with tiny—and in their own way lovely—balls of fluff that passed on into semi-naked pullethood and from that into dead henhood,we threw all aside,packed our belongings on a wagon and drove down Griggs’s Road toward Bidwell,a tiny caravan of hope looking for a new place from which to start on our upward journey through life.(7)We must have been a sad looking lot,not,I fancy,unlike refugees fleeing from a battlefield.Mother and I walked in the road.The wagon that contained our goods had been borrowed for the day from Mr.Albert Griggs,a neighbor.Out of its sides stuck the legs of cheap chairs and at the back of the pile of beds,tables,and boxes filled with kitchen utensils was a crate of live chickens,and on top of that the baby carriage in which I had been wheeled about in my infancy.Why we stuck to the baby carriage I don’t know.It was unlikely other children would be born and the wheels were broken.People who have few possessions cling tightly to those they have.That is one of the facts that make life so discouraging.(8)Father rode on top of the wagon.He was then a bald-headed man of forty-five,a little fat and from long association with mother and the chickens he had become habitually silent and discouraged.All during our ten years on the chicken farm he had worked as a laborer on neighboring farms and most of the money he had earned had been spent for remedies to cure chicken diseases.There were two little patches of hair on father’s head just above his ears.I remember that as a child I used to sit looking at him when he had gone to sleep in a chair before the stove on Sunday afternoons in the winter.I had at that time already begun to read books and have notions of my own and the bald path that led over the top of his head was,I fancied,something like a broad road,such a road as Caesar might have made on which to lead his legions out of Rome and into the wonders of an unknown world.(9)One might write a book concerning our flight from the chicken farm into town.Mother and I walked the entire eight miles—she to be sure that nothing fell from the wagon and I to see the wonders of the world.20.The author describes his mother as______A.knowledgeable.B.responsible.C.imaginative.D.aspiring.21.What is Para.5intended to show?A.The specific steps of chicken raising.B.The difficulties of chicken raising.C.The excitement of the family.D.The expectations of the family.22.What does“our upward journey”in Para.6indicate?A.Their worries.B.Their struggle.C.Their ambition.D.Their resourcefulness.23.What is the relation between the two italicized sentences in Para.7?A.Temporal.B.Causal.C.Illustrative.D.Additive.24.Which of the following sentences in Paras.8and9indicates the author’s sense of hope?A.“...I to see the wonders of the world”.B.“I had at that time already begun to read books...”.C.“I walked the entire eight miles...”.D.“...a book concerning our flight from the chicken farm into town”.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A.Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.What does“this”in Para.1refer to?26.How did Washoe demonstrate the potential of productivity(Para.3)?PASSAGE TWO27.What does the word “ones”in Para.3refer to?28.What was Sir John Franklin’s mission?29.List two preparations the team made for their trip (Para.5). PASSAGE THREE30.Describe in your own words the personality of the author’s father before marriage (Para.1).31.Describe in your own words the author’s childhood on a chicken farm (Para.4).32.What does the chickens’fate imply about the author’s family?PART IIILANGUAGE USAGE (15MIN) The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each cas e,onlyONE word is involved.You shouldproofread the passage and correct it in thefollowing way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. mark the position of the missing word with a “/\”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end ofthe For a missingword,line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLE When /\art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)it never an buys things in finished form and hangs (2)neverthem on the wall.When a natural history museum wants an exhibition,it must often build it. (3)exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATION(20MIN) Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English.Write your translation onANSWER SHEET THREE.中国科幻小说在国际上越来越受欢迎，已成为一种新的国际交流方式。