新编大学英语(浙大第三版4)视听说教程unit8听力原文及答案

Part 1Listening 1Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) waterEx2:1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at all Script:One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time for a quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full?"Everyone in the class said, "Yes."Then he said, "Really?" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves down into the spaces between the big rocks.Then he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full?" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full?""No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration?"One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!""No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all."Listening 2Ex1: B C A B D C B B A DEx2: F T F F TScripts:Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a late lunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 p.m., so why break the momentum?During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall tophotocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.When full alertness returns—around 4 p.m.—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritize for the next day.The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.Listening 3Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developmentsnatural resources cities nuclear warEx2: T F T T FScript:(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers? Does the news always seem bad? To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.)Catherine Brown: What changes will we see in the next few years?Alexander Dubois: Today, work is the most important part of many people's lives.In the future, machines will do much of our work. This meansthat we'll have more time to think about how to live happily.Catherine Brown: What developments will there be in medical science?Alexander Dubois: The day will come when we will eliminate killer diseases suchas diphtheria and typhoid. Also, there will be fewer babiesborn with birth defects because doctors will be able to operateon children before they are born.Catherine Brown: And what about natural resources? Will there be an adequatesupply of coal, oil and gas?Alexander Dubois: Of course! Research shows that there are sufficient resourcesfor the next 20,000 years within one kilometer of the earth'ssurface.Catherine Brown: Will cities continue to grow and become more and moreovercrowded?Alexander Dubois: No, they won't. People will return to smaller communitieswhere they can really know their neighbors and participate incommunity life.Catherine Brown: Aren't you worried about the possibility of nuclear war?Alexander Dubois: Yes, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in the future,but it won't end our world. Life will continue.Statements:1. Alexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.2. Alexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important part in their lives.3. Alexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated before birth.4. Alexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities to smallercommunities.5. Alexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.Listening 4Ex1: e c b f a dEx2:1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）exploreScripts:Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented”nor “future-oriented”?Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented”because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture. Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life, for example, positive or negative?Professor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrifice for success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor, do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learn?Professor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today.one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is What you get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.Further ListeningListening 1Ex1: F F F F T T F TEx2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired 9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram 16）deserveScripts:Around the Cornerby Henson TowneAround the corner I have a friend,In this great city that has no end.Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,And before I know it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend's face,For life is a swift and terrible race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I rang his bell,And he rang mine.But we were younger then,And now we are busy, tired men.Tired of playing a foolish game,Tired of trying to make a name."Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on JimJust to show that I'm thinking of him."But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And distance between us grows and grows.Around the corner! — yet miles away."Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."And that's what we get and deserve in the end.Around the corner , a vanished friend.Listening 2Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoidEx2: F T F F FScript:Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home,there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waits for no one." All of these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing.The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machine is the videocassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional football don't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simply videotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time by fast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a 3.5-hour game, seen later on, might only last 1.5 hours.Listening 3Ex1: A B A B DEx2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial 6)well-designed7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessaryScript:What will life be like 100 years from now? Some experts are optimistic; others, far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. We will have run out of essential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believe that we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant lives than we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still mo re. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are 40.Questions:1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century?2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage?3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment?4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now? Why or why not?5. What would the future job market look like?Listening 4Ex1: F T T F FEx2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there2) The cities have grown larger3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings5) It saves people time for traveling back and forthScript:Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hours each way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartments in these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visit now that I have more time."。

Uint8II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Scentists claim the world population has 99.5% of the same DNA. W: But this doesn‟t tell us t here is no such thing as race. Q: What is true of the DNA of difference races?2. ScriptW: With the advent of the genetic map we know where everything is, but do we know where to g o with it?M: Your map seems to differ largely from my geographical map! Q: What does the man imply?3. ScriptM: As you know, it has taken millions of years of evolution and natural selection to get us where we are today.W: Yes, but now that we have genetic engineering, we seem to have decided that wewant to be God.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: I think the research into cloning will lead us into dangers, filling us with falsehopes of perfection.W: It‟s too late to turn back the clock. We‟ll just have to depend on common sense tosolve uncommon problems. Q: What does the woman mean?5. ScriptW: In America, many prisoners are having their cases reviewed, and some have even been freed t hrough DNA testing.M: Except for the ones whose death sentence has already been carried out. Q: What can we learn about DNA testing from the dialog? Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: Stem Cell Research ScriptGregory: The Republican party in America is opposing stem cell research. I find it hard to beli eve that in this day and age, someone would do that.Lillian: Stem cell research sounds pretty impressive, I‟ll admit. But just what is it? Gregory: Well, a stem cell is a special type of cell. It is a general cell that, when it devides, can become any sp ecific type of cell.Lillian: You mean, a stem cell can become a heart cell? Or a brain or a kidney cell? Gregory: That‟s about it. Stem cells are a part of the body‟s maintenance and repair system. When they div ide, they can become any cell type.Lillian: I guess there would be some tremendous medical advantages in that sort of research. Gregory: You‟ve said a mouthful. Recently, scientists were able to help a man who lost a jaw bone for cancer. They recreated bone material for his jaw from stemcells. What it means is that since the new bone was created out of the person‟s own cells, there was no problem with rejection because the DNA was the same.Lillian: I bet the person was delighted. Why would anyone oppose that sort ofresearch? It would seem to have endless potential to benefit the human race.Gregory: I agree, but there are people who think we should not interfere with natureand manipulate “what is natural”.Lillian: It‟s easier to hold such a narrow view if you‟re not in a position to need the benefits of th e research. If you‟re missing a jawbone because of cancer, you probably support the research.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. Who is against stem cell research?3. What is special abo ut a stem cell?4. When can a stem cell become another cell type?5. According to the passage, why do some people oppose stem cell research? Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.DTask 2: The Improvement of Rice ScriptScientists now know a lot more about a grain that people have eaten for ten thousand years. (S1) Research teams around the world have completed a map of the (S2) genes of rices. The findings a ppeared last week in the (S3) journal Nature.The aim is to speed up the improvement of rice. The scientists (S4) warn that the kinds of rice pla nts used now have reached the limit of their (S5) productivity. Yet world rice production must (S6) grow by an estimated 30 percent in the next twenty to meet demand. By 2025, as many as 4.6 bil lion people will depend on rice for (S7) survival. There is a lot of pressure on breeders to improve the crop, and the rice genome is a valuable tool to do that. (S8) Plant breeders have already used preliminary information from the rice genome to create experimental strains of rice that better re sist cold and pests.The researchers also say rice is an excellent choice for genetic mapping and engineering. Rice gen es have only about 390 million chemical bases. That maight sound like a lot. But other major food grains have thousands of millions. (S9) The new map could better explain more than just rice. Ric e shares a common ancestor with other cereal crops. Because rice is the first cereal crop to be full y analyzed, researchers expect that sufficient knowledge of its genetic information will reveal the heredity of more complex grains, including corn, wheat and barley.(S10) While significant progress has been made in the analysis of the rice genome, the mapping o f human genes is also making headway. When scientists can identify and manipulate genes that c ause certain diseases, mankind will cure them easily. The human genetic map may help us control a person‟s height, weight, appearance and even length of life.Task3: The First Cloned CatScriptIn the age-old battle of cats and dogs, score one for the cats. Researchers at Texas A&M Universit y recently announced that they have successfully cloned a cat name Rainbow—the first pet ever c loned—after several years of unsuccessful efforts to clone a dog name Missy.The ork, financed by a company hoping to provide pet-cloning services to wealthy owners, adds c ats to a growing list of successfully cloned animals that includes pigs, sheep, cattle and mice. The success demonstrates cloning is a technology that could be transferred to other animal famili es as well. The accomplishment may provide new tools for studying diseases such as cats‟ AIDS, a valuable research model for AIDS in humans.Research into animal cloning remains an important scientific alternative until the issue of human cloning is settled. And that seems unlikly in the immediate future, for it involves religious and mo ral principles. There are, for example, groups that insist no one should be allowed to take on the r ole of God the Creator.To create cloned cat embryos for the experiment, researchers transferred DNA from adult cat cell s into egg cells stripped of their own genetic information. Out of 82 attempts with cloned embryo s, one attempt resulted in a failed pregnancy, and another yielded a kitten named CC, delivered fr om a surrogate mother on December 22. The kitten‟s name refers to “Carbon Copy” and “Cop yca t”, the name of the cloning project.Cloning attempts with dogs have proven unsuccessful in part because dogs‟reproductive cycles ar e more complicated.The technique may also work with endangered cats such as the African wildcat, fishing cat and bl ackfooted cat.Ironically, the increased knowledge of cat reproduction may best be suited for developing cat con traceptives to control the U.S. cat population. 1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?1. What did researchers at Texas A&M University recently announce?2. Which animals are NOT mentioned in the passage as having been cloned?3. According to the passage, why is human cloning unlikely to happen in the near future?4. What does the passage say about the pregnancy and birth in cat cloning? Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.CVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Confident enough to control your fate? ScriptSome people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they ar e at the mercy of fate. New research shows that part of those feelings are in the genes. Psychologists have long known that people confident in their ability to control their fates are mor e likely to adjust well to growing old than those who feel they drift on the currents of fate.Two researchers who questioned hundreds of Swedish twins report that such confidence, or lack of it, is partly genetic and partly drawn from experience.They also found that the belief in blind luck—a conviction that chance plays a big role in life—is s omething learned in life and has nothing to do with heredity.The research was conducted by Nancy Pedersen, a professor of psychology at the University of So uthern California in Los Angeles. The results were recently published in the United States in the Jo urnal of Gerontology.People who are confident of their ability to control their lives have an “internal locus of control”, and have a better chance of being well adjusted in their old age, said Pedersen. An “external locus of control”,belie ving that outside forces determine the course of life, has been linked to depressi on in latter years, she said.“We are trying to understand what makes people different. What makes some people age slowl y and others have a more difficult time?” she said.The study showed that while people have an inborn tendency toward independence and self-con fidence, about 70 percent of this personality trait is affected by a person‟s environment and lifeti me experiences.Pedersen‟s studies, with various collaborators, investigate the aging process by comparing sets of twins, most of whom were separated at an early age.The subjects were drawn from a list first compiled about 30 years ago, registering all twins born i n Sweden since 1886. The complete list, which was extended in 1971, has 95,000 sets of twins.1. Which of the following is concerned with blind luck?2. Which of the following is related to an external locus of control?3. According to the passage, what is true of one‟s inborn tendency towards self-confidence?4. What subjects were mostly used in Pedersen‟s studies?5. What is the main idea of the passag e?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.DTask 2: Is it moral to clone humans?ScriptLaura: Did you hear about that peculiar cult that claimed to have created the world‟sfirst human clone?Ian: Yeah, I did! They also said that it was aliens that created life on earth over25,000 years ago. What are they on?Laura: I know! It was so obviously just part of an elaborate hoax to bring publicity totheir crazy movement. But I don‟t think the truth can be far off. Scientists have been working on i t for years.Ian: Sure, but most scientists are working on cloning human cells or body parts that can be used to repair or replace damaged organs. Not complete human beings! That‟s just science fiction! Laura: Well, the science may seem to be very advanced, but the idea is not a new one.In A Journey to the West, Sun Wu-kung, the Monkey King, can clone himself from the hairs on his head. He just plucks a few hairs, chews them a bit, and when he spits them out, they change into replicas of him!Ian: Really? Now that would be cool! You could send your clone to school whileyou went to the cinema, and then it could do your homework! Wow! Now that I think of it, it wou ld be kind of fun to have a clone!Laura: You would say that! Don‟t you think it‟s slightly immoral? I mean, it‟s justlike having a slave. Doesn‟t the clone deserve a life of his own?Ian: Sure, but human beings must learn to strike a balance between the welfare ofa patient and of a clone.Keys: 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T。

UNIT 8SharingTask 1(1) reading(2) whether they read much or not, the last books they read, their favorite books, and the fictional characters they most like to be or meetTask2(1) She likes to read non-fiction books about history and politics, and she also likes to read some poetry.(2) Do you read much?(3)The interviewees all say that they read a lot.Task3a-e-d-c-bTask436. 2 3Task537.(1)funniest novel(2)completely normal(3)easy(4)complex(5)dark and monstrous(6)by defaultListeningTask 2 Activity 11 The website believes that story-telling should be egalitarian or democratic, that is, everyone has a story.2 He was surprised at the number o contributions (i.e. 15,000 in a couple o months), and he didn't expect that so many of the stories were sad he had thought that a lot of them would be funny or playful.3 Lots of those stories convey a sense of regret or disappointment.4 Reference: Examples are:a) Not quite what I was planning.b) Wasn't born a redhead. Fixed that.c) Found true love. Married someone else.d) Never should have bought that ring.Task 2 Activity 2(l)took up the challenge(2)tag line(3)playing off(4)blown away(5)took life under control(6)make a switch(7)come back withViewingTask 2 Activity 1BDCABTask 2 Activity 2357Role-playingTask 1 Activity 2(1) I'm a big fan of detective novels(2) What I really liked about it was the main character39. (3) I'm not that keen on detective novels40. ( 4) I just couldn't get into it41. ( 5) I couldn't stand it42. (6)I'm not really into fantasy43. (7)the thing I love about it is the writingPresentingGet ideas 1t)The saying the story disproves is ''If at first youdon't succeed ... try, try again. 11(2)Paragraph 2: The writer gives the time, location, and background of the story.44. (3) Paragraphs 3 and 4: The writer describes in detail what happened to him, i.e. his failure to learn how to windsurf although he tried it many times.45. (4) Paragraphs 3 and 4: The writer tells us how he felt by using words such as "stupidly" (Para. 3), "embarrassed" (Para. 3) and "defeated" {Para. 4).46. (S)He learned that if he couldn't succeed in doing something at first, he should gi\(e it up rather than try it again and again in vain. This is stated in Paragraph 5.47. (6)Partly. When I read the title, I felt the author is going to tell a story that proves the saying. But when I came to the sentence "But I'm not so sure that's always true", I sort of knew what the ending looks like it disproves the saying.48. (7) In the last paragraph, he rewrites the saying mentioned in the first paragraph to give a logical ending to his story.Get ideas 2d-c-e-f-a-bMore practice in listeningShort conversation DCBACLong conversationBCADPassages: Passage 1ACBDPassages: Passage 278. refugee79. desperate80. entitled81. became informed of82. are confronted with83. spokesperson84. seek out85. profiles86. stayed loyal to87. virtuallyUNIT testPART I CDDBBPart II AAADCPart III BAA CDPart IV73. hunting7 4. baseball 75. published 7 6. Childhood77. novels78. hopeless79. ambulance80. against nature81. Nobel Prize82. the greatest influences。

新视野大学英语(第三版)视听说 4 (Unit test 1-8 )Unitl短对话5题Directions : Listen to five short conversations and choose the best an swer to each questio n you hear.参考答案：1) D听力文本：W: When was the last time that you heard a child use the words ma'am and sir? Honestly, I think civility is fading from society.M: Come on! Is n't there anything more importa nt to worry about?Q: What can be in ferred from the conv ersatio n?A收起答案2)A. The reasons why the woman is important.B. The reasons why the woman is wrong.C. The woman's working experienee.D. The woman's work as a writer.参考答案：2) D听力文本：W: When I took this writi ng job, I thought you'd give me someth ing worthwhile to do. When will I be able to write a big story?M: I think you're look ing at your job all wrong. Write about these small things as ifthey are importa nt.Q: What are the speakers talk ing about?A收起答案A. Have in depe ndent thought.B. Show respect to the teacher.C. Disagree with the teacher.D. Get angry at the teacher.参考答案：3) B听力文本：W: My teacher gets angry every time I don't agree with her. This is ridiculous!She should en courage in depe ndent thought!M: I don't think she'd get angry if you were a little more respectful when you disagreed. Try that n ext time.Q: What does the man want the woman to try?A收起答案4)A. The company policy.B. The shop.C. The shirt.D. The service.参考答案：4) C听力文本：M: I bought the shirt last week, but it is too small for me. Can I change it for a larger size?W: Sorry, Sir. That's aga inst the compa ny policy.Q: What are they talki ng about?A收起答案5)A. One's own values.B. On e's hard work.C. On e's pers onal con tacts.D. On e's special abilities.参考答案:5) D |听力文本：W: What do you thi nk is more importa nt to success in the arts -tale nt or hardwork?M: Tale nt, 1 suppose. But I would n't discredit the value of hard work. Oh, and good looks are importa nt too, as are pers onal con tacts.Q: According to the man, what's the most important?A 收起答案长对话5题Directions : Listen to a long conversation and choose the best answer to each questio n you hear.6) A. Resp on sibilities in the home. B. Things they do together. C. Troubles in their marriage. D. The worst day.7) A. They agreed to share the work. B.They have resp on sibilities.C. They are both tired.D. They are bothered by it. 8)A. The state of the marriage.B.The silly things they did. C. The terrible cold she had. D. They have n't gotte n married.6) C 7) A 8) A 9) A 10) D听力文本：W: You kno w, it does n't look like you've clea ned the livi ng room. M: No, I have n't.Ugh. I had the worst day. I am so tired. Look, I promise I'll do it this weeke nd.W: Liste n, I know the feeli ng. I'm tired, too. But I came home and I did my share of the housework. I mean, that's the agreeme nt, right?M: All right. We agreed. I'll do it in a min ute.W: Come on. Don't be that way. You kno w, I should n't have to ask you to do anything. I mean, we both work, we both live in the house, we agreed that housework is ... is both of our responsibility. I don't like to have to keep rem inding you about it.M: What's the matter with you today? You seemed bothered by someth ing?W: It's us.M: What do you mean by "us"?W: Well, we used to talk to each other before we were married. Remember?M: What do you mean? We are talk ing now, aren't we?W: Oh, yes, but we used to do so much together.M: We still go to the cinema together, don't we?W: Yes, but we used to go out for walks together. Remember?M: Of course.W: And we used to do silly things, like running barefoot through the park ... M: Yes. I used to catch terrible colds. Honestly, you are being totally ridiculous.W: But we n ever argued. You used to think I was won derful. Once ... Where are you going?M: Back to live with my pare nts. That's someth ing else we n ever used to do before we were married.Q 6: What are the speakers talking about?Q 7: Why did the woma n say she should n't ask the man to do anything?Q 8: What is the woman bothered by?Q 9: What did they never do?Q 10: Where is the conv ersati on tak ing place?A收起答案短文理解5题Directions : Listen to a short passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.(55)11)A. A lawyer friend, Patricia.B. High fees for lawyers.C. Public interest lawyers.D. Clients who need legal help.12)A. Public interest lawyers are expensive.B. Some people can't afford lawyers.C. Some lawyers don't make much money.D. Some clients need legal help.13)A. Public interest lawyers are expensive.B. Public interest lawyers are unfair.C. Some lawyers have nothing at all.D. Some lawyers choose to receive less mon ey.14)A. Sometimes clie nts cheat lawyers.B. Sometimes lawyers are like criminals.C. Sometimes stores get legal help.D. Sometimes lawyers don't charge a clie nt.15)A. Trouble with a client.B. Trouble with a lawyer.C. Trouble with one's Ian dlord.D. Trouble with a crim in al.参考答案：11) C 12) B 13) D 14) D 15) C听力文本：A lawyer friend of mine, Patricia, has devoted herself to the service of humanity. Her special area is called "public in terest law".Many other lawyers represe nt only clie nts who can pay high fees. They have had expensive and highly specialized training, and they work long, difficult hours for the money they earn. But what happe ns to the people who n eed legal help and cannot afford to pay these lawyers' fees? It is unfair if these people cannot get the legal help they n eed.Public in terest lawyers, who also have had expe nsive and highly specialized training, fill this need. Patricia, like other public interest lawyers, earns a salary much below what some lawyers can earn. Because she is willi ng to take less mon ey, her clie nts have the help they n eed, eve n if they can pay nothing at all.Some clie nts n eed legal help because stores have cheated them with faulty goods. Others are in un safe apartme nts, or are threate ned to be drive n out of their homes and have no place to go. Their cases are all called "civil" cases. Still others are accused of crim inal acts, and seek those public in terest lawyers who handle "criminal" cases.Q 11: What is this passage about?Q 12: What is un fair accordi ng to the speaker?Q 13: What can be in ferred from this passage?Q 14: What do we know from this passage?Q 15: What is an example of a civil case?A收起答案复合式听写10题Directions : Listen to a short passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. When the passage is read for the third time, check what you have writte n.A few years ago, my friend and I were walk ing 16) at noon on a street n earmy home in a n orther n 17) sect ion of Tehera n. This area is well-k nown because it is a beautiful ave nue that 18) conn ects two major traffic circles. It is located 19) at the bottom of a high mou ntain.That day, the sun was 20) shi ning , but the weather sudde nly cha nged. 21) As we were walk ing betwee n the two circles, it started rai ning very hard. We started to 22) cross the boulevard to get to the sec ond circle. It was raining so hard that we decided to go in side a restaura nt in stead. Ten minu tes later, as we were look ing out the win dow, we saw every one was 23) running away from something. At first, we did not know what was going on. We went outside the restaura nt to see what was happe ning. People seemed shocked.A huge flood was 24) streaming down the mountain. We were standing on a higher place, so we could see everythi ng. We were scared. Cars, rocks, and people were floating on the water like little toys toward the little market at the south end of the circle. The height of the water was almost to the top of the trees.After a few mi nu tes, the flood's flow was reduced, so we decided to leave the area before the water en tered the street we were on.It was reported that the flood 25) destroyed a big area and approximately 300 people were killed or disappeared that day. Later, we also learned that a dam had burst duri ng the rain.Un it2短对话5题Directions : Listen to five short conversations and choose the best answer to each question you hear.◎1)A. Young people are too quick in making decisions.B. Young people seldomstay long on the same job. C. Young people lose their jobs easily.D. Young people are too eager to succeed. 参考答案：1) B听力文本：M: It was the third time Cliff had pho ned me to say he had a new job.W: It's difficult to keep a young man on one job for life no wadays. Q: What does the woma n mea n?A收起答案2)A. To go and see if the supervisor can meet him right now.B. To put him through to the supervisor.C. To have a talk with the supervisor about his work.D. To arra nge an appo in tme nt for him with the supervisor.参考答案：2) D|听力文本：收起答案3)A. Atte nd a meeti ng.B. Have an in terview.C. Atte nd the graduati on ceremony.D. Join a company.参考答案：3) C听力文本：W: I don't know what rm going to wear to the graduati on cerem ony? All of my clothes are so casual.M: Why don't you wear your n ewly bought gree n suit?Q: What is the woma n going to do?A收起答案4)A. He agrees with the woma n.B. He does n't agree with the woma n.C. He has no idea of that.D. He has see n Adam play ing.参考答案：4) B听力文本：W: Adam is really a gifted pia no player.M: Is he? You should have see n him whe n he was six.Q: What does the man mean?A收起答案5)A. Go to blame the teacher.B. Consult a history book.C. Go to ask Grandpa.D. Give up the question.参考答案：5) C听力文本：M: How can I know when Abraham Lincoln was killed! That's long before I was born. W: You are right, son, neither do I. Let's see if Grandpa knows this.Q: What are the speakers going to do?A收起答案长对话5题Directions :Listen to a long conversation and choose the best answer toeach question you hear.6)A. The piano.B. Mozart.C. Parents.D. Child geniuses.7)A. The man does n't think geni uses play the pia no .B. The man does n't think Mozart was a geni us.C. The man does n't expect the child to be a geni us.D. The man does n't think he is a geni us.8)A. Being positive.B. Mozart.C. Being a genius.D. High expectation.9)A. The speakers both think that the child playing the piano is a genius.B. The speakers have different opinions about the intelligenee of the child.C. The speakers are among the few geni uses that exist in the world.D. The speakers are give n a lot of trouble by others who are geni uses.10)A. Husband and wife.B. Brother and sister.C. Mother and son.D. Father and daughter.参考答案：6) D 7) C 8) C 9) B 10) A听力文本：W: Look how smart our boy is! He's play ing the pia no!M: He's only banging on the keys.W: He's only 2, hon ey. Give him time.M: Every one thinks his child is a geni us.W: What, are you say ing -that our child isn't a geni us?M: I'm saying that there are few geniuses in the world. And while most people think their children are geniuses, not many of these children grow up to be geni uses. W: For all you know, our son could be the n ext Mozart.M: He's drooli ng on the pia no. Maybe you should clea n it up so he can start compos ing his n ext sympho ny.W: I don't know why you can't be more positive about our little guy. What kind of pare nt are you?M: Hey, don't think I don't love our son, or that I don't have high expectati ons for him. I think he's great. But geni us? Well, why would anyone want to be a genius any way? Being a genius causes a lot of trouble for people.Q 6: What are the speakers talking about?Q 7: What can be in ferred from the con versati on?Q 8: What causes a lot of trouble for people accordi ng to the man?Q 9: What do we know from the conv ersati on?Q 10: What is the relati on ship betwee n the two speakers?A收起答案短文理解5题Directions : Listen to a short passage and choose the best answer toeach question you hear.◎11)A. Types of career advice that people toss around.B. Old rules for finding a job that are not so good.C. People who give com mon advice for jobs.D. Common careers that people are hun ti ng for.12)A. Most com mon people are not careful.B. Job hun ti ng rules will always hold you back.C. Some people have bad ideas about job hunting.D. Rules no Ion ger apply to the workplace.13)A. They should give just eno ugh in formati on to make the employer interested.B. They should tell a complete story of a person's life.C. They should draw a complete picture of yourself.D. They should make your voice heard at work.14)A. En couragi ng the employer to want more in formatio n about you.B. Givi ng the employer some of your marketi ng docume nts.C. Providi ng the employer with a list of your goals.D. Telling the employers the story of your life.15)A. They are everyth ing to every on e.B. They are on high and low markets together.C. They are narrow in their goals.D. They are suitable to different people. 参考答案：11) B 12) C 13) A 14) A 15) D听力文本：Among the most com mon types of career advice that people toss around are tips for job hunting. But be careful who you take advice from, because the workplace is cha nging very fast right now. As the new gen erati on makes its voice heard at work, a lot of the old rules no Ion ger apply. Here are two jobhunting rules that will hold you back if you're not careful:Bad Rule No. 1: Draw a clear picture of yourself. A r sum e is n o i supposed to give the story of your life; it's a marketi ng docume nt. So the goal is not to tell every sin gle thi ng about yourself, but rather to get an in terview. And the best way to land an in terview is to make the employer want to find out more about you.Bad Rule No. 2: Don't be too narrow. If you're not narrow, then what are you selli ng? Think about cars. Is a BMW the car that meets every n eed for every person? Is a Saturn the car for high-end and low-end markets? You're no differe nt from a car. You can't be everyth ing to every one.Q 11: What is the passage about?A收起答案复合式听写10题Directions : Listen to a short passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for its general idea. When the passage is readfor the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. When the passage is read for the third time, check what you have written.The name Christian Dior is considered by many to be the most recognized name in fashion. Its founder, Christian Dior was born in 1905 in the small town of Granville in Normandy, France. Dior spent some time as an artist and 16) launched a gallery in 1928, with generous financing by his father. Hard times were just around the 17) corner though. The Great Depressi on resulted in the 18) ban kruptcy of the family bus in ess, forci ng them to sell 19) virtually everythi ng they own ed. Dior moved in with a frie nd and soon bega n 20) direct ing his atte ntio n to the fashi onin dustry. After being 21) discharged from army service in 1940, he returned to Paris in 1941 and 22) secured employment with the fashion house of Lucien Lelong. In 1946, Marcel Boussac, the richest man in France at the time, provided 23) substantial financial backing for Dior to launch his own fashion house. Dior's first clothi ng line released in 1947 was an overwhel ming success, winning favor for the desig ner, both in Europe and the dista nt USA. 24) Not surprisingly , in 1949 Dior established a presence in New York City and soon expanded again to London in 1952. Wider global expansion followed shortly after. I n 1948, Dior laun ched a perfume line which proved to be a great success. And in a 1950 decision he expanded the brand into 25) fashi on accessories like hats, ties and han dbags. Dior was preparing for retirement when a heart attack took his life in 1957. Later the group experie need many ups and dow ns over the years. Despite all these ups and dow ns, Dior is still con sidered as one of the most popular and inno vative fashi on houses in the world.Un it3短对话5题Directions : Listen to five short conversations and choose the bestan swer to each questio n you hear.1)A. The woman wants to play golf while the man wants to play tennis.B. The man wants to play golf while the woma n wan ts to play tenni s.C. Both the man and woma n suggest play ing golf.D. Both the man and woma n suggest play ing tennis.参考答案:1) A听力文本：W: Hey, Joel, how about some golf on Friday after work?M: Not for me. I can never play golf well; I find it too frustrating. How about play ing tennis?Q: What do the man and woma n say?A收起答案(S)2)A. No one is dancing there.B. No one will pay attention to how the man dances.C. No one knows how to dance.D. It's too crowded to dance.参考答案：2) B听力文本：M: rd love to dan ce, but I don't know the steps.W: It does n't matter. No one will be look ing at us in the crowd.Q: What does the woma n mean?A收起答案3)Q: What is the woma n happy about?A收起答案4)A. She always spends weeks to plan her trips.B. She likes to take long camp ing trips.C. She does n't like camp in g.D. She seldom goes camp ing on weeke nds. 参考答案：3) B听力文本：M: Viola is quite en thusiastic about camp in g, is n't she?W: Yes, she ofte n goes for weeks at a time. Last summer she went camp ing in Yellow Stone Park for two weeks.Q: What does the woma n say about Viola?A收起答案5)A. Excited.B. Indifferent.C. Annoyed.D. Joyous.参考答案：4) C听力文本：M: You know I'm not a party animal, so I'm really fed up with Mary. She invites her frie nds to party in our apartme nt every other day!W: Yeah. I know what you mean.Q: How does the man feel about Mary having parties in their apartment?A收起答案长对话5题Directions : Listen to a long conversation and choose the best answer toeach question you hear.6)A. Joining a family.B. Becoming a fantastic dancer.C. Going out for the night.D. Dancing at the woman's home.7)A. Dancin g.B. Di nn er.C. A con cert.D. A movie.8)A. The man is importa nt to his pare nts.B. The woma n had a great time with her parents.C. The woman isn't serious about her parents.D. The mandoes n't want to go out with the woma n's pare nts.9)A. To be more serious about the parents.B. To have tea with the parents.C. To go with the woman without her parents.D. To go with thewoma n and her pare nts.10)A. Wife and husband.B. Girlfriend and boyfriend.C. Sister and brother.D. Mother and son.参考答案：6) C 7) C 8) D 9) D 10) B听力文本：M: Hey, babe, you want to join me?W: Where are you goin g, love?M: I thought about going to a movie, but I just heard about a con cert, and I think I'm going to that -that is, uni ess you have somethi ng else in mind. Dinner,W: I guess we have n't bee n going out l ong eno ugh for you to really know me. But my parents are very important to me. And I'd really like to spend some timeA收起答案短文理解5题Directions : Listen to a short passage and choose the best answer to each questio n you hear.11)U.S.C. Effects of vacati ons on America ns. D. Types of vacati ons in theU.S.A. Its major cities are more attractive than its natural scenes.B. Its natural scenes are more attractive than its major cities.C. Both its major cities and itsnatural seenes are attractive. D. Its major cities and natural seenes are less attractive tha n those in Europe.15)A. They can spend the vacation together with the kids.B. They might upset the balanee of nature.C. They can go fishing, skiing or rafting.D. They can look at pla nts and flowers at close quarters.参考答案：11) D 12) A 13) B 14) C 15) D听力文本：For many America ns, summer is the seas on to travel. Why? Because school is out and the weather is great. And most of all, because we all deserve a break. When America ns take a break, they ofte n head for their favorite vacati on spots.Most compa nies provide an annual vacatio n for their employees, and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states. Others go on low-budget weekend excursions and stay in economy motels. Those with more expe nsive tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Campi ng out in the great outdoors appeals to adve nturous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles to camp out in comfort, while others "rough it" by sleep ing in ten ts.Most America ns prefer to travel with in their n ati on's border. Why? For one thing, it's cheaper tha n traveli ng abroad, and there's no Ian guage problem. Besides that, the vast America n territory offers nu merous tourist attract ions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches, mountains, canyon s, lakes and a wealth of n atural wonders. Major cities offer visitors a multitude of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways, railways and airplanes makes travel in America as easy as pie.Many American vacations are as unique as the people who take them. Families ofte n pla n their trips with the kids in mi nd. More and more "family frie ndly" vacati on resorts offer special programs for childre n. En viro nmen talists prefer "gree n vacati on s". These trips allow them to observe pla nts and flowers closely without disturbing the sensitive balance of nature. Some people find sea cruises relaxing and refreshing. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or rafting. Daring tourists get the thrill of a lifetime on expeditions in remote places from Africa to Asia.Q 11: What is the passage mainly about?Q 12: Which of the following is true of traveling in recreational vehicles?Q 13: Which of the followi ng is NOT men ti oned as a reas on why America ns prefer to travel within the Un ited States?Q 14: Which of the following is true of America, according to the passage?Q 15: How can en viro nmen talists ben efit from "gree n vacati on s"?A收起答案复合式听写10题Directions : Listen to a short passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. When the passage is read for the third time, check what you have writte n.If you listen to American music, watch American television, or read American magaz in es, you will probably agree that the most popular subject of these forms of en terta inment is love. Roma ntic love always finds an 16) audie nee in the United States. Falling in love, solving the problems of love, and achieving the happy ending -the big wedd ing -are subjects of in terest to the adults as well as the 17) tee nage public. Millio ns of America ns 18) celebrate Vale nti ne's Day with special cards and gifts that announce their love to their mates, their frie nds, their coworkers, and their families. 19) Popular songs tell us that "All the world loves a lover". A popular saying is "Love 20) conquers all". Numerous 21) columns in magazines and newspapers offer advice to the lovelor n, those with difficulties of the heart. To most America ns, roma ntic love22) is cen tral to a happy life.America ns con sider marriage 23) a private arran geme nt betwee n the two people invo Ived. Young America ns feel free 24) to choose their ownmarriage part ners from any social, econo mic, or religious backgro und. The man or woma n may have stro ng ties with pare nts, brothers, or sisters, but whe n he or she falls in love, the stron gest feeli ngs are supposed to be for the loved one.Whe n an America n couple marries, they gen erally pla n tolive 25) apart from both sets of (apart from) parents and build their own in depe ndent family structure.听力文本：If you listen to American music, watch American television, or read American magaz in es, you will probably agree that the most popular subject of these forms of entertainment is love. Romantic love always finds an audience in the United States. Falli ng in love, sol ving the problems of love, and achiev ing the happy ending -the big wedding -are subjects of interest to the adults as well as the teen age public. Millio ns of America ns celebrate Vale nti ne's Day with special cards and gifts that announce their love to their mates, their friends, their coworkers, and their families. Popular songs tell us that "All the world loves a lover". A popular saying is "Love conquers all". Numerous columns in magaz ines and n ewspapers offer advice to the lovelorn, those with difficulties of the heart. To most America ns, roma ntic love is central to a happy life.America ns con sider marriage a private arran geme nt betwee n the two people invo Ived. Young America ns feel free to choose their own marriage part ners from any social, econo mic, or religious backgro und. The man or woma n may have strong ties with parents, brothers, or sisters, but when he or she falls inlove, the strongest feelings are supposed to be for the loved one. When an America n couple marries, they gen erally pla n to live apart from pare nts andUnit4短对话5题Directions : Listen to five short conversations and choose the bestan swer to each questio n you hear.1)A. His house was broken into.B. His bicycle was broken.C. He failed the exams.D. He's worried about the coming exams.参考答案：1) D听力文本：W: Hey, Joel, why are you so depressed?M: My house is leaking, my bicycle is lost, and the exams are coming. I'm really worried that I'll fail them all.Q: Which of the follow ing is one of the causes of the man's depressi on?A收起答案2)A. Forest fire is very bad this year.B. Forest fires will be worse next year.C. Forest fire will be brought un der con trol n ext year.D. Forest fire has bee n brought un der con trol.参考答案：2) B听力文本：W: This is really a bad year for forest fires.M: As they say, you've see n nothing yet. Next year will be worse. Forests are dryer.Q: What does the man mean?A收起答案the ground.参考答案：2) A听力文本：W: Oh my Gosh! The ground's shaking. Everything's moving. Look at the lampswinging back and forth. It's an earthquake! Daddy, what can we do?M: There, there, Dearie. It's over. Just a tremor. Nothing like the Tokyo earthquake I saw. Luckily I was in an earthquake-proof hotel then.Q: What does the man thi nk about the earthquake that has just occurred?A收起答案4)A. The crops were all failed in this area because of the drought.B. The area was hit by the worst drought in the last 30 years.C. The government should improve the development of the infrastructure in the area.D. The irrigationsystem in this area played an important role in coping with the drought.W: It's a great relief to have rain after a long time of drought. The crops almost failed because of the dry spell.M: Yeah. We'd n ever bee n hit by a drought so severe in the past 40 years. I think it's high time our government intensified the development of irrigation and water con serva ncy projects.Q: Which of the following is true according to the dialog?A收起答案5)。

Part 1Listening 1Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) waterEx2:1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at all Script:One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time for a quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full?"Everyone in the class said, "Yes."Then he said, "Really?" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves down into the spaces between the big rocks.Then he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full?" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full?""No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration?"One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!""No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all."Listening 2Ex1: B C A B D C B B A DEx2: F T F F TScripts:Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a late lunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 p.m., so why break the momentum?During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall tophotocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.When full alertness returns—around 4 p.m.—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritize for the next day.The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.Listening 3Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developmentsnatural resources cities nuclear warEx2: T F T T FScript:(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers? Does the news always seem bad? To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.)Catherine Brown: What changes will we see in the next few years?Alexander Dubois:Today, work is the most important part of many people's lives.In the future, machines will do much of our work. This meansthat we'll have more time to think about how to live happily.Catherine Brown: What developments will there be in medical science?Alexander Dubois:The day will come when we will eliminate killer diseases suchas diphtheria and typhoid. Also, there will be fewer babies bornwith birth defects because doctors will be able to operate onchildren before they are born.Catherine Brown:And what about natural resources? Will there be an adequatesupply of coal, oil and gas?Alexander Dubois:Of course! Research shows that there are sufficient resourcesfor the next 20,000 years within one kilometer of the earth'ssurface.Catherine Brown:Will cities continue to grow and become more and moreovercrowded?Alexander Dubois:No, they won't. People will return to smaller communitieswhere they can really know their neighbors and participate incommunity life.Catherine Brown: Aren't you worried about the possibility of nuclear war?Alexander Dubois: Yes, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in the future, butit won't end our world. Life will continue.Statements:1. Alexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.2. Alexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important part in their lives.3. Alexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated before birth.4. Alexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities to smallercommunities.5. Alexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.Listening 4Ex1: e c b f a dEx2:1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）exploreScripts:Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented” nor “future-oriented”?Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented” because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture. Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life, for example, positive or negative?Professor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrifice for success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor, do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learn?Professor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today. one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is Whatyou get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.Further ListeningListening 1Ex1: F F F F T T F TEx2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired 9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram16）deserveScripts:Around the Cornerby Henson TowneAround the corner I have a friend,In this great city that has no end.Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,And before I know it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend's face,For life is a swift and terrible race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I rang his bell,And he rang mine.But we were younger then,And now we are busy, tired men.Tired of playing a foolish game,Tired of trying to make a name."Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on JimJust to show that I'm thinking of him."But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And distance between us grows and grows.Around the corner! — yet miles away."Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."And that's what we get and deserve in the end.Around the corner , a vanished friend.Listening 2Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoidEx2: F T F F FScript:Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home, there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waits for no one." Allof these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing.The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machine is the videocassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional football don't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simply videotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time by fast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a 3.5-hour game, seen later on, might only last 1.5 hours.Listening 3Ex1: A B A B DEx2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial 6)well-designed7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessaryScript:What will life be like 100 years from now? Some experts are optimistic; others, far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. We will have run out of essential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believe that we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant lives than we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are 40.Questions:1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century?2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage?3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment?4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now? Why or why not?5. What would the future job market look like?Listening 4Ex1: F T T F FEx2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there2) The cities have grown larger3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings5) It saves people time for traveling back and forthScript:Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hours each way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartments in these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visit now that I have more time."。

视听说4 听力原文及答案Unit 1 Leisure activitiesPart 1 listening oneEver wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your new tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice.A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!" And you say, "Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!"A trick with an egg and some salt:Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!"When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.Questions:1.What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick2.What happens to the coin?3.How does the magician prove that he can communicate his thoughts to theaudience in the second trick?4.What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?5.What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D(The following is an interview from a weekly sports program.)Presenter: Good morning, listeners. Welcome to our weekly sports program aimed at all those underactive youngsters with time on their hands! Listen to whatour two guests have to say about their hobbies and how their hobbies havemade a difference to their lives. Adrienne first, then, Jonathan. Adrienne: I collect very interesting jewelry. I tend to travel a lot as most of my family do, so whenever I have a holiday, I like to go traveling. Whenever I travelsomewhere, I like to pick up something to remind me of the place that Ivisited. And, the easiest thing to do is to pick up a small piece of jewelryinstead of getting a poster or a T-shirt that won’t last. I like the idea ofhaving something small and also, I find whenever I wear jewelry fromsomew here, it’s a good conversation piece. Usually people ask you, “Wheredid you get this?” I then have a story to tell, and it’s a good way to meet andtalk to people. It’s just interesting. I have jewelry that I picked up when Itraveled to Thailand, when I traveled to Africa and when I traveled toEurope.Presenter: Wow! Sounds nice. You’ll have to show your collections to us. Adrienne: I’d love to.Presenter: Thank you, Adrienne. Now Jonathan.Jonathan: I prefer canoeing because you've always got the water there for support. If you're a good swimmer, have a good sense of balance and strong arms,you'll like canoeing! The main trouble is transporting your canoe to theright places—my father takes it on the roof of the car—or sometimes I put iton the roof of the club’s Land Rover. What it has taught me most is to beindependent. It's just you and the canoe against the wind, the weather andthe water. It gives you a lot of self-confidence and it can be really excitingas long as you don't mind getting soaked, of course! It makes you feel closeto nature somehow. Last year, when I was qualified, I began to run my owncanoeing center.Presenter: So you are making your hobby work for you.Jonathan: People are usually very skilled at their hobbies. The combination of interest and skills is a very compelling reason to choose a particular career. Presenter: Then, Adrienne, do you have a similar plan?Adrienne: Yes, I love making beaded jewelry. I’ve decided to get some formal training. I want to learn how to be a jewelry designer.Questions:1. Who is the target audience in the program?2. What is Adrienne’s hobby?3. What does Adrienne usually buy when she visits a place?4. How does Jonathan benefit from canoeing?5. What should be the major concern in choosing a career according to Jonathan? Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. BGerry: I've just been to see Gone with the Wind. It was fantastic. Well worth seeing.Have you ever seen it?Judy : N o, but I've read the book. I don't think I would like to see the film really. It would spoil the story for me.Gerry: Really? Oh, give me a film any day. Honestly, if I had to choose between the film of a story and the book of it, I'd go for the film.Judy : Would you?Gerry: Yes. It's much more real. You can get the atmosphere better. You know, the photography and location shots, period costumes, the right accents. Don't youthink so?Judy : Not really. I much prefer to use my own imagination. I can imagine how I want it, rather than how someone makes me see it. Anyway, I think you get much more insight into the characters when you read a book. Part of a person's character is lost on film because you never know what they are thinking. Gerry: True, but I don't know. It's much easier going to the cinema. It takes less time.I can get the whole story in two hours but it might take me a week to read thebook.Judy : I know, but it's so expensive to go to the cinema nowadays.Gerry: I know, but it's a social event. It's fun. You can go with your friends. When you read a book you have to do it on your own.Judy : All right. Let's agree to differ. I'll get some coffee.Keys:1.1.spoil the story 1.2. and day1.3. Honestly choose the film1.4. Atmosphere photography location period1.5. insight into the characters 1.6. social event1.7. agree to differ2.Films: get the atmosphere better---photography/location shots/periodcostumes/right accenteasiertake less time: two hoursan social event: fun, go with friendsBooks: take more time: one weeknot a social event: do it on your ownbooks: use readers’ own imaginationget much more insight into the charactersfilms: spoil the storyexpensivePart 1 listening fourSally Marino gets married. After the wedding, there is a big party—a weddingreception. All the guests eat dinner. There is a band and, after dinner, everyone dances. Sally's mother and father pay for everything. At the end of the reception, Sally and her new husband cut the wedding cake and all the guests get a piece.Pete and Rose buy a new house. After moving in, they invite their friends and family to a party—a housewarming party. Everybody comes to see the new house. They look at the bedrooms, the dining room, even the garage. Pete and Rose serve drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. The party is on a Saturday afternoon.It is Christmas time. Ted and Sarah Robinson want to see many of their friends over the holiday. So they invite their friends to an open house. The hours of the party are from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. The guests arrive and leave whenever they want. The Robinsons serve sandwiches, drinks, and snacks. Some guests stay for just 20 minutes, others stay for 3 hours. About fifty people come to the open house.Mr. and Mrs. Todd ask their neighbors to come to an evening party. They don't serve much food, just snacks—pretzels, chips, peanuts and many types of drinks. No one dances. Conversation is important with people asking questions like "What's new with you?".Keys:1.√2 √32.4.dinner band dances piece2.5. house drinks snacks2.6. Invite arrive fifty/502.7. snacks Conversation new with youPart 4 Listening 1Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Cathy: Er...a friend told me that you have exercise and dance classes here. Receptionist: That's right.Cathy: OK. Can you give me some information about days and times, please? Receptionist: Yes, there are four classes a day, every day from Monday to Saturday with nothing on Sunday.Cathy: Yeah, can you tell me the open hours?Receptionist: The first one is an aerobics class from 8:30 to 9:30 in the morning. Then there's another aerobics class at lunchtime from 12:30 to 1:30.Cathy: Right.Receptionist: Then in the evening from 5:30 to 6:30—another aerobics class too. And there's a jazz dance class from 6:30 to 7:30.Cathy: Right. And what level are they for? I mean, would they be OK for a beginner?Receptionist: The morning aerobics—8:30 to 9:30—is advanced. All the others are at the beginner to intermediate level. But let me give you a schedule. Cathy: Thanks. And how much does it cost for a class?Receptionist: You pay a ￡1 entrance fee and then the classes are ￡2.50 each and ￡3.50 for the jazz dancing. It's there on the sheet.Cathy: Oh, yes, I see.Receptionist: If you become a member, entrance is free and...Cathy: Oh, no, it's OK. I'm only in London for two weeks.Receptionist: Oh, right. That's no good then.Cathy: And I guess you have showers and everything?Receptionist: Yes, sure, and in the evenings you can use the sauna free, too. Cathy: Oh, great. So the next class is at 5:30? Well, I'll see you then. Receptionist: Fine. See you later!Questions:1. Where does the dialog most likely take place?2. How many classes are there every day except Sunday?3. At what time does the last class end?4. How much is the entrance fee?5. Which class will Cathy most probably attend?6. What can we learn about Cathy from the conversation?Keys: 1. A 2.C 3.C 4. A 5. C 6. BListening 2Woman: W hy don't we go abroad for a change? I'd like to go to France, Spain, or even Italy.Man: Mm. I'm not all that keen on traveling really. I'd rather stay at home. Woman: O h, come on, Steve. Think of the sun!Man: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive.Woman: O h, it isn't, Steve. Not these days.Man: Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another thing, traveling in Britain would be easier.No boats, planes or anything.Woman: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already.What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we can travel round Britainwhenever we like. There's no point in wasting our summer holiday here. Man: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when we go abroad. Ihate all that. And it's so confusing.Woman: O h, don't be silly, Steve.Man: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages—you know that. It's all right for you. You can speak some foreign languages.Woman: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practice my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work.Man: Mm, but that's no use to me.Woman: B ut just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet!Man: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much. Woman: I'm sorry, Steve. No. I don't fancy another cold English summer. Questions:1. Where does the man want to spend the summer holiday?2. According to Steve, what is considered important in planning vacation?3. What does Steve find confusing about traveling abroad?4. What will help Juliet in her work?5. What does Juliet think of summer in Britain?Keys:1. C2. B3. D4. C5. BListening 3The game of football may have started in Roman times. It seems that the Romans played a game very much like our modern rugby but with a round ball.English villagers played football in the 16th century and they often had almost a hundred players on each side. It was a very common game, which was very rough and even dangerous until the early part of the 19th century. In the 18th century a Frenchman who had watched a rough game of football in a village wrote, "I could not believe that those men were playing a game. If this is what Englishmen call playing, I would not like to see them fighting!"From the mid-19th century, it was played in schools in England and soon spread all over Britain and Europe. Until in 1850, it was not possible to have football matches between one school and another, because each school had different rules! So set rules had to be made. They were not improved though until, in 1863, when those who preferred to play with hands as well as feet formed the Rugby Union while the others started the Football Association (F.A.). It was only in 1863 that the first set of rules for all football clubs was agreed upon.Nearly 150 years later, football has become by far the most popular sport in the entire world. Would that 18th century Frenchman have believed it possible? Questions:1. According to the passage, when may the game of football have first started?2. How many team members were often involved in the game when the English began to play the game?3. What did the speaker say about the earliest football game in England?4. Why was it NOT possible to have football matches between two schools until 1850?5. What happened to football in 1863?Keys:1. D2. D3. A4. C5. CListening 4In one town, there were three longtime friends, Pat, Mike and Bob. Pat and Bob were quite bright, but Mike was rather dull.One day as Pat and Mike were walking down the sidewalk together, Pat put his hand on a solid brick wall and said, "Mike, hit my hand as hard as you can." Mikestruck a hard blow, but Pat pulled his hand away from the wall just before Mike's fist hit it. Of course, it hurt Mike's hand very much when he hit the wall, but Pat said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?" Mike agreed, but was not too happy.The following day Mike and Bob were walking in the town square. Mike decided to play the joke on Bob. He looked around, and seeing no solid object, he placed his hand over his face and said, "Bob, hit my hand as hard as you can." Bob agreed, and as he struck a hard blow with his fist, Mike quickly pulled his hand away and was knocked to the ground, unconscious. After a few minutes Mike recovered, and saw Bob worriedly looking down at him. Mike said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?"Questions:1.Who was NOT clever?2.What did Pat ask Mike to do?3.Who was hurt finally?4.On whom was Mike going to try this joke?5.Where did Mike put his hand when he asked Bob to hit him?6.What happened to Mike after Bob struck a hard blow with his fist?Keys:1.1A2. C3. A4.B5. C6. B2.√2 √5Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite flawless Shakespeare followed by a short pause and an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.) Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture andsociety. Do you think this is really so?Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Childrenusually play together with other children of the same gender, and thisis where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, uselanguage mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction if writers'names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are stillevident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of differentcommunication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females uselanguage that is more collaborative and supportive such as "Thanksfor all your tips on...", "Good point." and "Hope this helps!". Mentend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females use collaborativeand supportive language three times as often as males did. In thisstudy, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messagesjust as in other communication media.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online.Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech?Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl?Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth.Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull outa chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don'tdo it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through thedoor first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in myface.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of medidn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence.Keys:2. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house withthem. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into 1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better.“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:2. B 2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crime 4) biology 5) function 6) roles7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny16) behaveListening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say "Look how female I am" or "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel the more attractive we feel.So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't。

新编大学英语(浙大第三版4)视听说教程u n i t8听力原文及答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Part 1Listening 1Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) waterEx2: 1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at all Script:One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time for a quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full"Everyone in the class said, "Yes."Then he said, "Really" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves down into the spaces between the big rocks.Then he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full""No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration"One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!""No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all." Listening 2Ex1: B C A B D C B B A DEx2: F T F F TScripts:Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a latelunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 p.m., so why break the momentum?During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall to photocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.When full alertness returns—around 4 p.m.—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritize for the next day.The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.Listening 3Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developments natural resources cities nuclear warEx2: T F T T FScript:(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers Does the news always seem bad To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.)Catherine Brown: W hat changes will we see in the next few years?Alexander Dubois:Today, work is the most important part of many people'slives. In the future, machines will do much of our work. Thismeans that we'll have more time to think about how to livehappily.Catherine Brown: W hat developments will there be in medical science?Alexander Dubois:The day will come when we will eliminate killer diseases suchas diphtheria and typhoid. Also, there will be fewer babiesborn with birth defects because doctors will be able tooperate on children before they are born.Catherine Brown:And what about natural resources Will there be an adequatesupply of coal, oil and gasAlexander Dubois:Of course! Research shows that there are sufficient resourcesfor the next 20,000 years within one kilometer of the earth'ssurface.Catherine Brown:Will cities continue to grow and become more and moreovercrowded?Alexander Dubois:No, they won't. People will return to smaller communitieswhere they can really know their neighbors and participate incommunity life.Catherine Brown: A ren't you worried about the possibility of nuclear war?Alexander Dubois: Y es, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in the future,but it won't end our world. Life will continue.Statements:1. A lexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.2. A lexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important part in their lives.3. A lexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated before birth.4. A lexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities to smallercommunities.5. A lexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.Listening 4Ex1: e c b f a dEx2: 1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）exploreScripts:Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented” nor “future-oriented”Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented” because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture.Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life, for example, positive or negative?Professor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrifice for success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor, do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learn?Professor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today. one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is What you get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.Further ListeningListening 1Ex1: F F F F T T F TEx2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram16）deserveScripts:Around the Cornerby Henson TowneAround the corner I have a friend,In this great city that has no end.Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,And before I know it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend's face,For life is a swift and terrible race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I rang his bell,And he rang mine.But we were younger then,And now we are busy, tired men.Tired of playing a foolish game,Tired of trying to make a name."Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on JimJust to show that I'm thinking of him."But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And distance between us grows and grows.Around the corner! — yet miles away."Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."And that's what we get and deserve in the end.Around the corner , a vanished friend.Listening 2Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoidEx2: F T F F FScript:Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home, there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waits for no one." All of these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing.The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machine is the videocassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional football don't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simply videotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time by fast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a 3.5-hour game, seen later on, might only last 1.5 hours.Listening 3Ex1: A B A B DEx2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial 6)well-designed 7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessaryScript:What will life be like 100 years from now Some experts are optimistic; others, far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. We will have run out of essential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believe that we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant lives than we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are 40.Questions:1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now Why or why not5. What would the future job market look likeListening 4Ex1: F T T F FEx2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there2) The cities have grown larger3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings5) It saves people time for traveling back and forthScript:Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hours each way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartments in these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visit now that I have more time."。

新视野大学英语视听说4（第三版）听力练习原文及答案.docShort conversationsConversation 1W: The only thing I can do at night is to lie in bed and read, preferably while also eating a snack. I never have time for exercising.M: Don’t think it’s worth exercising only if you can run five miles or if you can bike for an hour. Even going for a 10-minute walk is worthwhile.Q: What advice does the man give to the woman?Conversation 2W: Hi, Mark, I’ve gained quite some weight recently. So, how can I eat healthily at social events? M: Well, drink a full glass of water before you go. Focus mainly on fresh fruit and vegetables or bread with whole grains. These will help you stay feeling full.Q: What can we know about the woman?Conversation 3W: I heard that in South Africa smoking is banned in all enclosed public spaces.M: Yes, that’s right. But pubs and bars with separate, enclosed smoking rooms are excluded from the ban, and most restaurants provide smoking sections, either indoor areas with good air circulation or outdoor open areas.Q: What can we learn about the smoking rules in South Africa?Conversation 4M: So, your research shows that even when children are not direct targets of violence in the home,they can be harmed by witnessing its occurrence?W: Yes, that’s right. For example, they can suffer immediate and permanent physical harm. They can also experience short- and long-term emotional and behavioral problems.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 5W: Skipping breakfast is common among people who are trying to lose weight, but it doesn’t seem to be a successful strategy.M: No, it isn’t. While any breakfast may be better than no breakfast, a healthy breakfast can be something simple like a hard-boiled egg, a piece of 100 percent wholegrain toast along with a cup of 100 percent fruit juice.Q: What is recommended for a healthy breakfast?Long conversationM: I love working out!W: Ugh! You’re sweating all over the floor …M: I just ran five miles! A friend told me about this great park on Jefferson Street. I love exploring new parks!W: I try running at the gym three days a week, but it’s so boring looking at the TV monitor or the wall in front of me for an hour.M: You should run outside! Being in nature, enjoying thebeautiful flowers and the trees, I feel my mind relax and the stress just falls away.W: It is nice outside. My mom loves t’ai chi and a nearby t’ai chi group meets every morning at 6a.m. I’ve tried going, but it’s too ea rly for me to get out of bed …M: T’ai chi is really good. You need some kind of exercise. It’s unhealthy for you to sit in front of your computer all day, every day!W: Well, I recently spend my weekends away from my computer.M: Oh really? And what have you done recently that didn’t involve a computer or TV screen? W: Pandas! I just went to the San Diego Zoo with my sister on Saturday! They have one of the best panda exhibits in the US. The mother panda is from Wolong, China, and had had six baby pandas by XXXX since arriving at the San Diego Zoo in September of 1996.M: Oh, I bet baby pandas are amazing! Hey! Maybe you should get a zoo membership and go jogging in the zoo!W: A zoo membership! Now that’s a great idea! I love the San Diego Zoo. It’s near m y house, I can get good exercise and I can watch the baby pandas grow up!Passage 1Have you ever felt you don’t have enough hours in the day? Or that you’d give anything for a whole day to catch up with yourself? Well, here are some ideas that work for me.First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isn’t making the list; that’s the easy part. The trick is making the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next to anything that is really urgent. Then I put the number “2”next to anything that will just take a couple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I get on with the urgent ones; it’s a bit like clearing off the top of your desk before sitting down to write that important letter. Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work or study then. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 a.m., I can do a day’s work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, it canbe difficult to accomplish tasks that involve phoning “night owls”, but that’s what email’s for! Finally, do not let your inbox run your life. I just realized recently how frequently I interrupted my real work to check my inbox and respond to the most trivial of emails. So, now I only open it when absolutely necessary and this saves me hours. If your work depends on you being constantly accessible by email, then you can’t do this; but be honest and ask yourself, “Am I an email addict?”With these simple, practical techniques, you will become more efficient, less stressed and be able to win some “me-time”for yourself.Short conversationsConversation 1W: So this is your last year in college. Have you ever thought about what you’d like to do after graduation?M: Well, I really don’t know. The job market seems to be improving, so I may look for a job somewhere. But I am also interested in applying for graduate school.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 2M: Do you reme mber Linda we met a while ago at Susan’s birthday party?W: Linda? Do you mean the lady who you said was a nurse in the community hospital before her retirement? Yeah, I remember. She looks very young for her age.Q: What does the woman think of Linda?Conversation 3M: I wish I could retire tomorrow. Then I would not need to worry about work.W: I don’t look forward to retirement. I’m afraid of getting old –my body will slow down, and my children will be away. I dread losing independence and living in loneliness.Q: What makes the woman afraid of getting old?Conversation 4W: I consider my early 20s to be the prime time of my life.How about you?M: I couldn’t agree with you more. That’s no doubt the golden period. You are young and energetic. You are free to pursue your passion. The best thing is that you have a wealth of opportunities to explore.Q: What does the man like best about being in his early 20s?Conversation 5W: Hi, John. You are taking Law 201 this semester, right? How do you like it?M: Yeah, it’s a great class. We’ve looked at several cases of age discrimination at work. Such cases are very interesting because they are rarely clear-cut and court decisions can be rather controversial.Q: What does the man say about age discrimination cases?Long conversationM: Nancy, time to make a birthday wish!W: I wish ... hmm. OK! I want a high-paying job, a husband with a perfect face and body, and abig house ... with a swimming pool!M: Wow, Nancy! Those are your three wishes?W: Of course! If I have those three things, I’ll be happy!M: Now, Nancy. Let me tell you my story, and you may seethings differently.W: “See things differently?”What do you mean, Uncle Charlie?M: Here is what I once experienced in life. When I married, 32 years ago, we had a happy marriage, a beautiful house, two expensive cars, and $200,000 in the bank!W: See, just like now!M: Wait! I would suggest three different wishes!W: Well ... What would you wish for? You’re older and wiser!M: What happens if you lose your job, lose your house, and your husband becomes sick? I suggestthese three wishes: patience, courage and love!W: Patience, courage and love?M: Yes! If you have patience and courage, you and your husband will have good jobs and a nice house. And if you have true love, you and your husband will be beautiful to each other no matter how old you become together.W: This is good.M: Within six years of our marriage, we had three beautiful children, but we lost our jobs, our house, all our money, and then I got real ly sick for nine years. But we didn’t lose anythingtruly valuable, because we always said: “Wherever the five of us are together, we are at home!”And, little by little things did improve, and I finally got well. Patience, courage and love!These are what make life full, strong and happy!W: Hmm, I will remember. Patience, courage and love! Thanks, Uncle Charlie!Passage 1If you think that you have to live up a remote mountain in order to live a long and healthy life,a religious community in Loma Linda, California, may prove you wrong. Its members are a group of Christians known as the Seventh-day Adventists. The Adventists enjoy a much higher life expectancy than average Californians. Adventist men can expect to live about seven years longer than other Californian men. Adventist women are likely to live around four years longer than otherCalifornian women. The Adventists also act much younger than they are and see doctors much less than ordinary people.So what’s the secret of the Adventists’longevity? It is not all in their genes. Nor is their good health a mere accident. The Adventists live longer partly because they have a vegetable-based diet.Around 35 percent of them are vegetarian, and around one half eat meat only rarely. Tobacco andalcohol consumptions are discouraged. So are rich or spicy foods, meat, and drinks containing caffeine. The Adventist diet is high in fruit and vegetables. It also includes plenty of whole grains, nuts, seeds and beans, and water is the drink of choice.The longevity of the Adventists is also related to their lifestyleand natural environment. They believe in having regular exercise, helping others, and maintaining strong social and familial ties. They live in a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters. Interestingly, the air quality of Loma Linda, however, is not as good as in other longevity hot spots. This should give us all hope, as it suggests that we don’t have to have every single factor in place in order to achieve excellent health. Despite this, the Adventists’good health certainly provides strong evidence that diet and lifestyle choices have a great impact on health and longevity.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I really need a holiday, so I’m going camping with some friends. What are you doing over the semester break?M: I haven’t got any plans yet. I don’t really have enough money to fly home. I suppose I could get a part-time job and earn some money, or maybe I could start studying for next semester.Q: What is the woman going to do over the semester break?Conversation 2M: I heard that you quit your swimming lessons. But you have paid $120 for them.W: Ah, it’s all these yoga sessions. I just couldn’t fit themall in. What’s more, I got the majority of my fees back because I quit immediately after the first day.Q: Why did the woman quit her swimming lessons?Conversation 3M: Shall we spend our weekend in Singapore? We can leave Friday afternoon so as to have dinner next to the river and enjoy fireworks at the shore!W: I’d rather go on Sa turday. My aunt will drop in on Friday evening. We haven’t seen each otherfor a couple of years.Q: Why doesn’t the woman want to leave on Friday?Conversation 4M: What do I need to bring for our camping trip to the national park?W: Well, we’ve bought the food and rented a van. It’s a camping vehicle with a fridge and cookingequipment. I think you will need a warm sweater or jacket for the evenings.Q: What does the woman suggest the man bring for the camping trip to the park? Conversation 5M: Have you confirmed your booking at the hotel in Sydney? With only three days left before our trip, I hope everyone is as ready as I am!W: Not yet. But I’d better call them before we start our vacation. During this time of year theyalways get quite busy.Q: What will the woman probably do before the vacation?Long conversationM: Rebecca, I just learned of an amazing park right here near our city!W: Really? Is it a nature park or an entertainment park?M: It’s a beautiful nature park, located 15 miles from our home.W: What’s it called?M: It is called Big Sky Park and has nice walking trails and camping sites!W: Bill, this is perfect! We can have a vacation and still keep saving money to visit my family sometime. But, can we get to Big Sky Park without a car?M: Yes, easily. We just take the No. 32 bus that goes right to the park. The only problem will be getting all of our camping stuff with us on the bus.W: Well, I did just buy that new cart to help carry groceries home on the bus, plus we have your big backpack. Together, I think we will be fine. All of our camping equipment should easily fiton the bus.M: Good. Good! I know we can make it a really special weekend. I have longed for a time when we could walk alonetogether in the quiet beauty of nature. I’m so, so happy to have this chance to be with you at the park.W: I know me too! I know what I’ll do! I’ll pack all of our favorite food, and I’ll bake a small chocolate cake. Your favorite! Then we can drink tea and eat the chocolate cake around a campfire. I’m so happy you found Big Sky Park. I can’t wait, just two more days for the weekend to come!M: I’m so happy as well. Big Sky Park will be wonderful. The fire, the dinner and spending time with you make me such a happy, happy man, Rebecca!Passage 1A new museum entirely dedicated to laziness has opened in the capital city of Colombia. Butyou have to hurry if you want to see the exhibits and find out about being lazy because the exhibition lasts only for one week. The unusual show displays a whole range of things such as sofas, beds and anything that makes you feel like taking a rest. There are also plenty of televisions for those visiting couch potatoes to watch as they move around relaxingly in the museum.It is no coincidence but rather an intentional decision for the museum to have opened rightafter the holiday season. The idea is for people to think about laziness, and perhaps change their behavior and lifestylethroughout the rest of the year. It offers a practical experience to make us think about laziness in our high-speed, fast-paced societies.The museum’s founder Marcela Arrieta said she wanted people to rethink about laziness and decide whether it really is a bad thing. She told the media that people today always think about laziness as an enemy of work. For example, they may feel guilty if they sleep late, or they may feel they are wasting time after taking a nap or having a holiday.Ms. Arrieta may not be proposing that we should have a shorter working week, but she could have a point in that we do need more leisure time than our jobs allow us, and change our lifestyle to a type that is more relaxing. Besides, according to scientists, avoiding the pressure and stress ofwork can make us healthier and live longer. So, why not try out Ms. Arr ieta’s advice for yourself, slow down, and think about being lazy?Short conversationsConversation 1M: I think the government could provide some money for homeless people to build their own homes. Homeless people would find it easier to get jobs if they had an address.W: It’s not a bad idea. But I wonder where the money will come from.Q: What does the man think the government could do?Conversation 2W: You see, some colleagues are not as active and efficient as usual and few have made any progress in their business recently.M: Why don’t we organize some social activities, such as a baseball match? Our colleagues can learn to help and cooperate with one another.Q: What does the man suggest to change the situation?Conversation 3W: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy at this time of day.M: When you take the subway, you don’t have to deal with traffic. I never drive home. Driving at this time may be slower than walking.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?Conversation 4W: Have you heard? Kate quit her job and went to Africa to work as a volunteer!M: Really? I really admire her courage. I think we should all extend an arm of help, love and compassion to help poor people become self-reliant financially and psychologically.Q: What does the man think we all should do?Conversation 5W: You know there are many creative ways to reuse items. For example, old shoe boxes can be used for storage and plastic containers can be used for growing plants.M: I never realized that we could be so green. I just learnedto recycle glass bottles.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Long conversationW: Hey, John! Everything OK? You look upset.M: Oh, hi Kate. I was in the cafeteria eating alone. James from accounting walked by, sat down to eat at the table right next to me –didn’t say a single word to me. I wondered why.W: Is that the main thing stressing you out, John?M: No, I was silly to feel bad about that. What I am stressed about is my workload. My manager, Steven, is a great guy. He always counts on me to get the work done. But I have five meetings this week and two big projects to complete by next Monday. I don’t see how I can finish. I’m really worried I’ll let my team down.W: I have some free time on Friday and over the weekend. I can help you with your extra work if you’d like. I know that feeling of being overwhelmed with work. It’s awful. I’d like to help. M: Really? You’d do that for me?W: Of course I will! John, a lot of us really admire your work. Some of us have asked to work on your team. You’re a great example to us, John. You shouldn’t doubt yourself. I’m glad to help out.M: Wow, Kate. Thanks!W: We could ... discuss it over dinner on Thursday. My treat!M: Wow. No ... I mean I get to buy dinner, Kate! How about the new restaurant on 6th Street, 365?It’s called 365 because it offers local, seasonal foods –fall, winter, spring, and summer –healthy choices with wonderful fres h fruits and vegetables. Let’s meet at 7 p.m.W: Sounds wonderful! Thursday, 7 p.m. at the new restaurant 365 on 6th Street. Perfect!Passage 1More than half of working Americans are dissatisfied with their jobs, according to a survey. That’s bad news f or employers because workers’discontent can hurt productivity and hinder innovation.Lynn Franco, co-author of the report, says Americans’job satisfaction is at its lowest level in more than two decades: Only 45.3 percent of workers say they are satisfied with their jobs compared with 61 percent in 1987.The report was produced by the Conference Board, a non-profit organization that helps businesses strengthen their performance. It is based on a survey of 5,000 US households. It showsa drop in satisfaction in many aspects of an employee’s work life, including interest in the job, dealing with co-workers and bosses, commuting and job security. As a group, neither young people who are just entering the workforce nor employees who are about to retire, Franco says, arehappy with what they do.Only about 36 percent of workers under the age of 25 say they are currently satisfied withtheir jobs. And it’s not much better among baby boomers. Twenty years ago, more than 50 percentof baby boomers were satisfied. To day, that’s down to 46 percent.The most satisfied group of workers in the survey was those aged 25 to 34. Franco suggeststhat they may see some opportunities for upward mobility as baby boomers retire.The Conference Board survey also asked about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction. Thereare economic reasons such as wages, promotion policy and bonus policy that are sort of adding tothis level of dissatisfaction. In addition, workers are also dissatisfied with the benefits: vacation policy, family-related leave time, work schedule flexibility, and a variety of other factors as well.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I’ve read a lot about this young singer in the music press. She’s certainly creating a stir. Is she really that good?M: S he’s absolutely brilliant. Each of her performances has been a sell-out. Her mix of rap and folk music is unique and awesome.Q: What does the man say about the singer?Conversation 2M: So here we are in Rome, Italy. In the next four days, we are going to have a full schedule.W: I’m so excited. Rome has been my dream city. I can’t wait to see the historical buildings, visit the art galleries and eat real Italian pizza. By the way, shall we start with the famous Capitoline Museums tomorrow?Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 3W: Besides modern opera, which you are studying now, are there any other areas of the arts you enjoy?M: All sorts. I like pop music, and I very much enjoy pencil drawing. But what interests me most is poetry, especially American poetry in the early 20th century.Q: What’s the man’s area of study?Conversation 4M: Hi. I am calling to inquire about the exhibit of ancient Greek sculptures you are now hosting. Could you please tell me the admission fee and the opening times?W: Sure. Admission is free. The opening hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Mondays through Thursdays, 10:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. on Fridays, and 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays.Q: How long does the exhibit open on Saturdays?Conversation 5W: Darling, let’s check out the reviews of this movie online. If it’s good, we should watch it. M: I think we should. To watch a silent movie is certainly not something common in modern days. The actors must have superb skills to attract the audience if they do not say anything.Q: What is special about the movie?Long conversationW: This feels like a dream ... The last time I was in San Francisco was 30 years ago, when I was your age, 15 years old. So much has changed in the city–but you know–many of the sites are just the same.M: Wow! San Francisco is as beautiful as a picture! I can’t believe it! Let’s get going! Let’s look at the map and take the streetcar to the Golden Gate Bridge.W: Yes, of course. But, wait–let’s just take a moment to look at the Golden Gate Bridge from here–up high on the hill. See how amazing the sun looks, shining on the bridge there high above the water? Sometimes the best way to really enjoy something is to see it from different angles and perspectives.M: Yes! Just beauti ful from here! OK! Let’s get going! Wait!You know what, Aunt Lucy, I’m really, really hungry! May we eat before we head out to see the Golden Gate Bridge?W: Yes, of course we can. We’re already here in Chinatown and near my favorite Chinese restaurant. Even after 30 years have passed since I last visited, it’s still busy and active.M: That’s great, Aunt Lucy!W: And, it’s right here!M: Wow! This is amazing! The man inside the window is making noodles by hand–just by pulling on the flour dough. I’ve never seen anything like it before. How?W: Yes, I know. It’s amazing, right? And the food is delicious, too! Sometimes the best way to enjoy culture is to simply slow down and truly experience it. We have five full days here in San Francisco. Let’s go slowly and enjoy every moment!Passage 1The Mona Lisa is probably the most famous painting in the world. It was created byLeonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian artist, between around 1503 and 1506. The subject is the wife of a wealthy silk merchant of Italy. The woman’s husband requested Da Vinci to portray her as a celebration of their home’s completion and the birth of their second son. What is it about thispainting that has created such a lasting impact on the artistic world?One factor is the artist himself. Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist, but also a scientist,an architect and an engineer. His knowledge of the human form came from the study of actual human bodies, so he was able to draw and paint it more accurately.Another factor is the material used for the painting. The Mona Lisa is an oil painting, butunlike other paintings, which are usually created on canvas, the Mona Lisa has a wood panel as the surface. The use of a wood panel makes it possible for the work to have survived for centuries.Lastly, the style and techniques used for the painting make the Mona Lisa a masterpiece. Da Vinci presented precise details in the subject’s hands and face. He applied a shadowing techniqueat the corners of her lips and her eyes, which gives her an unbelievably lifelike appearance. He also created a background with aerial views and a beautiful landscape. His remarkable skills left behind no visible brush marks at all.All these factors–Da Vinci’s talent, the medium used for the painting, the style and techniques applied in the work–contribute to the lasting and mysterious beauty of the Mona Lisa.Short conversationsConversation 1M: There is not much worth in reading the newspapers these days. They have more pages but fewer words that really matter.W: You said it! All you find in them are advertisements and celebrity gossip. I wish they could direct more attention to issues that are more important to society.Q: What does the man think of today’s newspapers?Conversation 2W: Hello. T oday on Business Focus I am talking about knowledge management with Mr. Adam Johnson, the Human Resources Manager of a multinational company. Mr. Johnson, how has knowledge management changed the way your company works?M: In lots of ways. The most significant change occurs in how we manage the process of our project development …Q: What is the woman probably doing?Conversation 3W: Recently, reality television has swept across almost all channels: matchmaking, job hunting, and talent shows. I don’t know why people are so crazy about it!M: In my view, some people watch reality TV because it makes them feel they’re better than others. They may also enjoy seeing other people get embarrassed.Q: What does the man say about reality TV?Conversation 4W: I think teenagers today experience a different social reality from what we had before.M: Exactly. When we were kids, we would hang out with friends, chatting, or going to movies. That’s our experience, but what we see now is that young people are choosing to live online.Q: How do young people socialize today according to the man?Conversation 5W: Much has been said about how anti-social the Internet and mobile phones are, butI think communications technology is bringing people closer.M: Yes, I’d go along with you on that. Wi th these modern tools, there’s a new kind ofconnectionbeing built within families.Q: What does the man think of modern communications technology?Long conversationW: Hey Billy! It’s 7:30 p.m.! Turn off your TV and computer. Come down to dinner. It seems your father is finishing his conference call with his team in China.M: OK Mom. Coming. But why is Dad on his computer while I can’t be on mine!W: Billy, your father is working. But you are chatting with your friends about celebrities!So your father needs to be on his computer. And you don’t!M: OK. Sorry, Mom. What are we having for dinner? Pizza?W: Pizza?! I’ve made us a nice dinner of roast chicken,mushroom soup and vegetable salad. I even made chocolate cake for dessert –and you want pizza!M: J ust kidding Mom! I love your cooking! Mmm I’m hungry, and it smells delicious!W: Billy! I told you to shut down all electronics!M: Mom! This isn’t fair. You told me to turn off my computer and my TV –you didn’t say all electronics –and you didn’t mention my cell phone! I have to check the news! My favorite golf player just got in trouble for drunk driving! Please Mom! I have to find out!W: You can’t go five minutes without having your eyes on a screen! Hand me your phone. Now! I am turning it off so we can have a nice dinner.M: OK Mom. Fine! Here’s my phone.W: Now, where is your father?M: Will you make Dad do the same? We never have family dinner anymore without Dad being on electronics!W: Hmm, you know, Billy, you have a very good point. I think it’s time we had family dinner without any electronics. Here’s our new rule: Just for 45 minutes over dinner, no electronics!Passage 1We as a society have intense interest in the celebrity news prevalent in our media. One of the key reasons is that in a world。

视听说4 听力原文及答案Unit 1 Leisure activitiesPart 1 listening oneEver wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your ne w tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice.A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!" And you say, "Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!"A trick with an egg and some salt:Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!"When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.Questions:1.What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick2.What happens to the coin?3.How does the magician prove that he can communicate histhoughts to the audience in the second trick?4.What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?5.What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. DPart 1 listening two(The following is an interview from a weekly sports program.) Presenter: Good morning, listeners. Welcome to our weekly sports programaimed at all those underactive youngsters with time on their hands!Listen to what our two guests have to say about their hobbies andhow their hobbies have made a difference to their lives. Adriennefirst, then, Jonathan.Adrienne: I collect very interesting jewelry. I tend to travel a lot as most of my family do, so whenever I have a holiday, I like to go traveling.Whenever I travel somewhere, I like to pick up something to remindme of the place that I visited. And, the easiest thing to do is to pickup a small piece of jewelry instead of getting a poster or a T-shirtthat won’t last. I like the idea of having something small and also, Ifind whenever I wear jewelry from somew here, it’s a goodconversation piece. Usually people ask you, “Where did you getthis?” I then have a story to tell, and it’s a good way to meet and talkto people. It’s just interesting. I have jewelry that I picked up when Itraveled to Thailand, when I traveled to Africa and when I traveled toEurope.Presenter: Wow! Sounds nice. You’ll have to show your collections to us. Adrienne: I’d love to.Presenter: Thank you, Adrienne. Now Jonathan.Jonathan: I prefer canoeing because you've always got the water there for support. If you're a good swimmer, have a good sense of balanceand strong arms, you'll like canoeing! The main trouble istransporting your canoe to the right places—my father takes it onthe roof of the car—or sometimes I put it on the roof of the club’sLand Rover. What it has taught me most is to be independent. It'sjust you and the canoe against the wind, the weather and the water.It gives you a lot of self-confidence and it can be really exciting aslong as you don't mind getting soaked, of course! It makes you feelclose to nature somehow. Last year, when I was qualified, I began torun my own canoeing center.Presenter: So you are making your hobby work for you.Jonathan: People are usually very skilled at their hobbies. The combination of interest and skills is a very compelling reason to choose a particularcareer.Presenter: Then, Adrienne, do you have a similar plan?Adrienne: Yes, I love making beaded jewelry. I’ve decided to get some formal training. I want to learn how to be a jewelry designer. Questions:1. Who is the target audience in the program?2. What is Adrienne’s hobby?3. What does Adrienne usually buy when she visits a place?4. How does Jonathan benefit from canoeing?5. What should be the major concern in choosing a career according to Jonathan?Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. BPart 1 listening threeGerry: I've just been to see Gone with the Wind. It was fantastic. Well worth seeing. Have you ever seen it?Judy : No, but I've read the book. I don't think I would like to see the film really. It would spoil the story for me.Gerry: Really? Oh, give me a film any day. Honestly, if I had to choose between the film of a story and the book of it, I'd go for the film. Judy : Would you?Gerry: Yes. It's much more real. You can get the atmosphere better. You know, the photography and location shots, period costumes, theright accents. Don't you think so?Judy : Not really. I much prefer to use my own imagination. I can imagine how I want it, rather than how someone makes me see it. Anyway, I think you get much more insight into the characters when you read a book. Part of a person's character is lost on film because you never know what they are thinking.Gerry: True, but I don't know. It's much easier going to the cinema. It takes less time. I can get the whole story in two hours but it might take mea week to read the book.Judy : I know, but it's so expensive to go to the cinema nowadays.Gerry: I know, but it's a social event. It's fun. You can go with your friends.When you read a book you have to do it on your own.Judy : All right. Let's agree to differ. I'll get some coffee.Keys:1.1.s poil the story 1.2. and day1.3. Honestly choose the film1.4.Atmosphere photography location period1.5.insight into the characters 1.6. social event1.7. agree to differ2.Films: get the atmosphere better---photography/locationshots/period costumes/right accenteasiertake less time: two hoursan social event: fun, go with friendsBooks: take more time: one weeknot a social event: do it on your ownbooks: use readers’ own imaginationget much more insight into the charactersfilms: spoil the storyexpensivePart 1 listening fourSally Marino gets married. After the wedding, there is a big party—a wedding reception. All the guests eat dinner. There is a band and, after dinner, everyone dances. Sally's mother and father pay for everything. At the end of the reception, Sally and her new husband cut the wedding cake and all the guests get a piece.Pete and Rose buy a new house. After moving in, they invite their friends and family to a party—a housewarming party. Everybody comes to see the new house. They look at the bedrooms, the dining room, even the garage. Pete and Rose serve drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. The party is on a Saturday afternoon.It is Christmas time. Ted and Sarah Robinson want to see many of their friends over the holiday. So they invite their friends to an open house. The hours of the party are from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. The guests arrive and leave whenever they want. The Robinsons serve sandwiches, drinks, and snacks. Some guests stay for just 20 minutes, others stay for 3 hours. About fifty people come to the open house.Mr. and Mrs. Todd ask their neighbors to come to an evening party. They don't serve much food, just snacks—pretzels, chips, peanuts and many types of drinks. No one dances. Conversation is important with people asking questions like "What's new with you?".Keys:1.√2 √32.4.d inner band dances piece2.5.house drinks snacks2.6.Invite arrive fifty/502.7.snacks Conversation new with youPart 4 Listening 1Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Cathy: Er...a friend told me that you have exercise and dance classes here.Receptionist: That's right.Cathy: OK. Can you give me some information about days and times, please?Receptionist: Yes, there are four classes a day, every day from Monday to Saturday with nothing on Sunday.Cathy: Yeah, can you tell me the open hours?Receptionist: The first one is an aerobics class from 8:30 to 9:30 in the morning. Then there's another aerobics class at lunchtime from12:30 to 1:30.Cathy: Right.Receptionist: Then in the evening from 5:30 to 6:30—another aerobics class too. And there's a jazz dance class from 6:30 to 7:30. Cathy: Right. And what level are they for? I mean, would they be OK fora beginner?Receptionist: The morning aerobics—8:30 to 9:30—is advanced. All the others are at the beginner to intermediate level. But let me giveyou a schedule.Cathy: Thanks. And how much does it cost for a class? Receptionist: You pay a ￡1 entrance fee and then the classes are ￡2.50 each and ￡3.50 for the jazz dancing. It's there on the sheet. Cathy: Oh, yes, I see.Receptionist: If you become a member, entrance is free and...Cathy: Oh, no, it's OK. I'm only in London for two weeks. Receptionist: Oh, right. That's no good then.Cathy: And I guess you have showers and everything? Receptionist: Yes, sure, and in the evenings you can use the sauna free, too. Cathy: Oh, great. So the next class is at 5:30? Well, I'll see you then. Receptionist: Fine. See you later!Questions:1. Where does the dialog most likely take place?2. How many classes are there every day except Sunday?3. At what time does the last class end?4. How much is the entrance fee?5. Which class will Cathy most probably attend?6. What can we learn about Cathy from the conversation?Keys: 1. A 2.C 3.C 4. A 5. C 6. BListening 2Woman: Why don't we go abroad for a change? I'd like to go to France, Spain, or even Italy.Man: Mm. I'm not all that keen on traveling really. I'd rather stay at home. Woman: Oh, come on, Steve. Think of the sun!Man: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive. Woman: Oh, it isn't, Steve. Not these days.Man: Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another thing, traveling in Britainwould be easier. No boats, planes or anything.Woman: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already. What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we cantravel round Britain whenever we like. There's no point in wastingour summer holiday here.Man: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when wego abroad. I hate all that. And it's so confusing.Woman: Oh, don't be silly, Steve.Man: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages—you know that.It's all right for you. You can speak some foreign languages. Woman: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practice my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work.Man: Mm, but that's no use to me.Woman: But just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet! Man: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much. Woman: I'm sorry, Steve. No. I don't fancy another cold English summer. Questions:1. Where does the man want to spend the summer holiday?2. According to Steve, what is considered important in planning vacation?3. What does Steve find confusing about traveling abroad?4. What will help Juliet in her work?5. What does Juliet think of summer in Britain?Keys:1. C2. B3. D4. C5. BListening 3The game of football may have started in Roman times. It seems that theRomans played a game very much like our modern rugby but with a round ball.English villagers played football in the 16th century and they often had almost a hundred players on each side. It was a very common game, which was very rough and even dangerous until the early part of the 19th century. In the 18th century a Frenchman who had watched a rough game of football in a village wrote, "I could not believe that those men were playing a game. If this is what Englishmen call playing, I would not like to see them fighting!"From the mid-19th century, it was played in schools in England and soon spread all over Britain and Europe. Until in 1850, it was not possible to have football matches between one school and another, because each school had different rules! So set rules had to be made. They were not improved though until, in 1863, when those who preferred to play with hands as well as feet formed the Rugby Union while the others started the Football Association (F.A.). It was only in 1863 that the first set of rules for all football clubs was agreed upon.Nearly 150 years later, football has become by far the most popular sport in the entire world. Would that 18th century Frenchman have believed it possible?Questions:1. According to the passage, when may the game of football have first started?2. How many team members were often involved in the game when the English began to play the game?3. What did the speaker say about the earliest football game in England?4. Why was it NOT possible to have football matches between two schools until 1850?5. What happened to football in 1863?Keys:1. D2. D3. A4. C5. CListening 4In one town, there were three longtime friends, Pat, Mike and Bob. Pat and Bob were quite bright, but Mike was rather dull.One day as Pat and Mike were walking down the sidewalk together, Pat put his hand on a solid brick wall and said, "Mike, hit my hand as hard as you can." Mike struck a hard blow, but Pat pulled his hand away from the wall just before Mike's fist hit it. Of course, it hurt Mike's hand very much when he hit the wall, but Pat said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?" Mike agreed, but was not too happy.The following day Mike and Bob were walking in the town square. Mike decided to play the joke on Bob. He looked around, and seeing no solid object, he placed his hand over his face and said, "Bob, hit my hand as hardas you can." Bob agreed, and as he struck a hard blow with his fist, Mike quickly pulled his hand away and was knocked to the ground, unconscious. After a few minutes Mike recovered, and saw Bob worriedly looking down at him. Mike said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?"Questions:1.Who was NOT clever?2.What did Pat ask Mike to do?3.Who was hurt finally?4.On whom was Mike going to try this joke?5.Where did Mike put his hand when he asked Bob to hit him?6.What happened to Mike after Bob struck a hard blow with his fist?Keys:1.1A2. C3. A4.B5. C6. B2.√2 √5Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite flawless Shakespeare followed by a short pause and an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.)Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists inlanguage, culture and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin duringchildhood. Children usually play together with other childrenof the same gender, and this is where our conversational styleis learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on thecontrary, use language mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction ifwriters' names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language stylesare still evident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because ofdifferent communication and language styles between thesexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found thatfemales use language that is more collaborative andsupportive such as "Thanks for all your tips on...", "Goodpoint." and "Hope this helps!". Men tend to use moreaggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females usecollaborative and supportive language three times as often asmales did. In this study, it is clear that there is a genderdifference in e-mail messages just as in other communicationmedia.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech?Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening cardoors?Cathy: W ell, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, asmany guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of meand went through the door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold thedoor and not let it slam in my face.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it forthe people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, morebeautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence. Keys:2. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands 2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made.A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off. Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into 1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better.“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:2. B 2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory,。

1.Listening I-11 Listen to a story about a class on time management and complete the following table with the information you get.First timeThings used to fill the jar: a dozen fist-sized 1) ______Students’ answers to “Is it full?” : 2) ______Second timeThings used to fill the jar: little 3) ______Students’ answers to “Is it full?” : Probably 4) ______.Third timeThings used to fill the jar: 5) ______Students’ answers to “Is it full?” : 6) ______.Fourth timeThings used to fill the jar: 7) ______正确答案:(1)rocks(2)Yes(3)stones(4)not(5)sand(6)No(7)water2.Listening I-2Listen to the story again and complete the following sentences with the information you get.1 One day an expert on the subject of 1) ______ was speaking to a group of 2) ______…2 He pulled out a large, 3) ______ jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he 4) ______ about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them,one 5) ______, into the jar.3 Then he 6) ______ some of them in and shook the jar, causing the little stones to 7) ______ into the spaces between the big rocks.4 Then he 8) ______ a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was 9) ______. Then he looked up at the class and asked, “What is the point of this 10) ______?”5 One 11) ______ raised his hand and said, “The point is, no matter 12) ______, if you try really hard, you can always 13) ______ into it!”6 If you don’t put the big rocks in first, you’ll never 14) ______.正确答案:(1)time management(2)business students(3)wide-mouthed(4)produced(5)at a time(6)dumped(7)work themselves down(8)grabbed(9)filled to the top(10)illustration(11)eager beaver(12)how full your schedule is(13)fit some more things(14)get them in at all3.Listening II-1Listen to a passage about how to use natural energy supply efficiently and match the activities in the left column of the following table with the time indicated in the right column.TimeA from 9 a.m. to early afternoonB mid-afternoonC around 4 p.m.D not mentionedActivities______ 1 sort out the mail______ 2 send off an important letter______ 3 write something important______ 4 pay bills______ 5 take medicine______ 6 make a plan______ 7 call a friend______ 8 photocopy a memo______ 9 crunch numbers______ 10 have a nap正确答案:(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)B(5)D(6)C(7)B(8)B(9)A(10)D4.Listening II-22 Listen to the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F).______1 When your energy reaches its peak, you tend to work 13 to 14 percent faster.______2 The hardest tasks should be done in the morning.______3 Many people skip lunch and still feel energetic.______4 No matter what we do,our energy level will drop way down in the afternoon.______5 If we need the help of an alarm clock to wake up, we should get more sleep.正确答案:(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)F(5)T5.Listening III-11 Listen to an interview on what future will be like and complete the following sentences with the information you get.1 Alexander Dubois, a French scientist, lives in 1) ______.2 Alexander Dubois recently wrote a book entitled 2) ______.3 Catherine Brown is a reporter from 3) ______.4 The interviewer’s five questions are: the 4) ______ in the next few years, the 5) ______ in medical science, the supply of 6) ______, the growth of 7) ______, and the possibility of a 8) ______.正确答案:(1)London(2)What a Wonderful Life(3)Globe(4)changes(5)developments(6)natural resources(7)cities(8)nuclear war6.Listening III-22 Listen to the interview again and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F).______1 Alexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view of the world’s future.______2 Alexander Dubois believes that people’s jobs will play the most important role in their lives.______3 Alexander Dubois thinks that some defects in babies will be treated before birth.______4 Alexander Dubois predicts that some people will move from big cities to smaller communities.______5 Alexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.正确答案:(1)T(2)F(3)TT(5)F7.Listening IV-11 Listen to a conversation on six types of time perspectives and match them in the left column with their characteristics in the right column.Word tips （单词有难度，所以提供了词表）hedonistic 享乐主义者的fatalistic 宿命论的transcendental 超越的in excess 过度，过量地fluidly（动作）流畅地optimal 最佳的，最优的temporal 时间的soar 高飞，翱翔hedonism 享乐主义sensuality 感官享受CharacteristicsA remembering all the good things that happened in the pastB focusing only on regret, failure, or on things that went wrongC focusing on the joys of lifeD believing life is controlledE living for work,achievement and controlF believing life begins after deathTime perspectives______ 1 future-oriented______ 2 present-hedonistic______ 3 past-negative______ 4 transcendental (超越的) future______ 5 past-positive______ 6 present-fatalist正确答案:(1)E(2)C(3)B(4)F(5)AD8.Listening IV-22 Listen to the conversation again and complete the following paragraphs with the information you get.The extent to which we have one of those 1) ______ time perspectives influences every decision we make. But we’re totally 2) ______ of that. Among the six perspectives, two are present-oriented, two are past-oriented, and the other two are future-oriented.Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives. Take those future-oriented people, they make a lot of sacrifices for 3) ______. They sacrifice time for family, time for friends, and time for 4) ______. They even sacrifice sleep, which affects their health.And they live for work, achievement and 5) ______.People’s time perspectives result from social 6) ______and their life experi ences,they can be learned and changed. We should learn to develop the mental 7) ______ to shift time perspectives fluidly depending on the demands of the situation. The 8) ______ temporal mix is: What you get from the past-positive gives you roots. You connect your family,identity and yourself. What you get from the future is 9) ______ to soar to new destinations and new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is the energy, the energy to 10) ______yourself, places, people, sensuality.正确答案:(1)biased(2)unaware(3)success(4)fun(5)control(6)environment(7)flexibility(8)optimal(9)wings(10)explore9.PART 2-1Viewing,Understanding and Speaking1 Watch a video in which four people are talking about their life with time pressures. In the spaces provided, put an “A” for the opinions the speakers agree with, “D” for the opinions the speakers disagree with and “N” for the opinions the speakers do not mention.A: agree D:disagree N: not mentioned______1 When time goes quickly, people feel very happy.______2 Einstein is an expert in time management.______3 It takes ages to memorize English vocabulary.______4 Short messages are more romantic than e-mails.______5 With a quickened life pace, we should try to do everything faster.______6 The less time I have,the more pressing everything seems to get.______7 I hate even a short wait for an elevator.______8 People have no idea what is really important in their lives.______9 We all need a reevaluation of what is really important in our lives from time to time.______10 We often make excuses for not giving time to the things we really want to do but have no time to do.正确答案:(1)D(2)N(3)A(4)N(5)D(6)A(7)A(8)N(9)A(10)D10.PART 2-2Viewing,Understanding and Speaking2 Watch the video again and complete the following sentences with the information you get.1 That’s Einstein’s theory of 1) ______! When you’re 2) ______, time goes really slowly. Next time, when you’re with a beautiful girl, time wi ll really 3) ______!2 I often find myself 4) ______ a lot of 5) ______ for lack of time.I just couldn’t find time to memorize all the new words. It 6) ______ to memorize all the words.4 We have so much to do every day, so much to learn, so many new t hings we’re 7) ______.5 You know, sometimes I 8) ______ people that lived along time ago. They had so much more 9) ______ than us.6 The pace of life is 10) ______ now. We have many more choices to make. 11) ______ we feel we don’t have the time to do e verything we want to do.7 And squeezing something into an already 12) ______ is just impossible. It can 13 ) ______ a person crazy.8 And it’s also 14) ______ to decide which would be done first and which next. I really think people have to 15) ______ their time.9 Everyone 16) ______ get impatient at times. And we all expect 17) ______.10 But I don’t think he really couldn’t 18) ______just one hour a week visiting his parents. It’s not a matter of time, but of his 19) ______.11 You’re right about that. And he may 20) ______ for it.12 These are excuses to 21) ______ what we really have to do.Sometimes, what we really 22) ______ is not actually time, but self-discipline and 23) ______.正确答案:(1)relativity(2)suffering(3)fly(4)under(5)pressure(6)takes ages(7)supposed to do(8)envy(9)leisure time(10)a lot faster(11)No wonder(12)full schedule(13)drive(14)up to us(15)prioritize (16)tends to (17)instant service (18)afford(19)priorities (20)pay a high price (21)put off(22)lack(23)efficient planning。

Part 1Listening 1Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) waterEx2: 1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration 5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at allScript:One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time for a quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full"Everyone in the class said, "Yes."Then he said, "Really" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves down into the spaces between the big he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full""No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration"One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!""No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all."Listening 2Ex1: B C A B D C B B A DEx2: F T F F TScripts:Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a late lunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 ., so why break the momentum During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall to photocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.When full alertness returns—around 4 .—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritize for the next day.The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.Listening 3Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developments natural resources cities nuclear warEx2: T F T T FScript:(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers Does the news always seem bad To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.) Catherine Brown: What changes will we see in the next few yearsAlexander Dubois:Today, work is the most important part of manypeople's lives. In the future, machines will do muchof our work. This means that we'll have more time tothink about how to live happily.Catherine Brown: What developments will there be in medical scienceAlexander Dubois:The day will come when we will eliminate killerdiseases such as diphtheria and typhoid. Also, therewill be fewer babies born with birth defects becausedoctors will be able to operate on children beforethey are born.Catherine Brown:And what about natural resources Will there be anadequate supply of coal, oil and gasAlexander Dubois:Of course! Research shows that there are sufficientresources for the next 20,000 years within onekilometer of the earth's surface.Catherine Brown:Will cities continue to grow and become more and moreovercrowdedAlexander Dubois:No, they won't. People will return to smallercommunities where they can really know theirneighbors and participate in community life.Catherine Brown: Aren't you worried about the possibility of nuclearwarAlexander Dubois: Yes, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in thefuture, but it won't end our world. Life willcontinue.Statements:1. Alexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.2. Alexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important partin their lives.3. Alexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated beforebirth.4. Alexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities tosmaller communities.5. Alexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.Listening 4Ex1: e c b f a dEx2: 1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment 7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）exploreScripts:Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented” nor “future-oriented”Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented”because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture.Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life,for example, positive or negativeProfessor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrificefor success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor,do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learnProfessor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today. one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is What you get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.Further ListeningListening 1Ex1: F F F F T T F TEx2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired 9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram16）deserveScripts:Around the Cornerby Henson TowneAround the corner I have a friend,In this great city that has no end.Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,And before I know it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend's face,For life is a swift and terrible race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I rang his bell,And he rang mine.But we were younger then,And now we are busy, tired men.Tired of playing a foolish game,Tired of trying to make a name."Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on JimJust to show that I'm thinking of him."But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And distance between us grows and grows.Around the corner! — yet miles away."Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."And that's what we get and deserve in the end.Around the corner , a vanished friend.Listening 2Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoidEx2: F T F F FScript:Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home, there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waitsfor no one." All of these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressureto make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax anddo nothing.The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machineis the videocassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional football don't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simply videotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time by fast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a game, seen later on, might only last hours.Listening 3Ex1: A B A B DEx2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial6)well-designed7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessaryScript:What will life be like 100 years from now Some experts are optimistic; others,far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. Wewill have run out of essential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believe that we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant lives than we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are 40.Questions:1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now Why or why not5. What would the future job market look likeListening 4Ex1: F T T F FEx2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there2) The cities have grown larger3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings5) It saves people time for traveling back and forthScript:Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hours each way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartments in these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visitnow that I have more time."。

视听说4 听力原文及答案Unit 1 Leisure activitiesPart 1 listening oneEver wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your ne w tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice.A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!" And you say, "Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!"A trick with an egg and some salt:Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!"When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.Questions:1.What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick2.What happens to the coin?3.How does the magician prove that he can communicate histhoughts to the audience in the second trick?4.What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?5.What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. DPart 1 listening two(The following is an interview from a weekly sports program.) Presenter: Good morning, listeners. Welcome to our weekly sports program aimed at all those underactive youngsters with time on their hands!Listen to what our two guests have to say about their hobbies andhow their hobbies have made a difference to their lives. Adriennefirst, then, Jonathan.Adrienne: I collect very interesting jewelry. I tend to travel a lot as most of my family do, so whenever I have a holiday, I like to go traveling.Whenever I travel somewhere, I like to pick up something to remindme of the place that I visited. And, the easiest thing to do is to pickup a small piece of jewelry instead of getting a poster or a T-shirtthat won’t last. I like the idea of having something small and also, Ifind whenever I wear jewelry from somewhe re, it’s a goodconversation piece. Usually people ask you, “Where did you getthis?” I then have a story to tell, and it’s a good way to meet and talkto people. It’s just interesting. I have jewelry that I picked up when Itraveled to Thailand, when I traveled to Africa and when I traveled toEurope.Presenter: Wow! Sounds nice. You’ll have to show your collections to us. Adrienne: I’d love to.Presenter: Thank you, Adrienne. Now Jonathan.Jonathan: I prefer canoeing because you've always got the water there for support. If you're a good swimmer, have a good sense of balanceand strong arms, you'll like canoeing! The main trouble istransporting your canoe to the right places—my father takes it onthe roof of the car—or sometimes I put it on the roof of th e club’sLand Rover. What it has taught me most is to be independent. It'sjust you and the canoe against the wind, the weather and the water.It gives you a lot of self-confidence and it can be really exciting aslong as you don't mind getting soaked, of course! It makes you feelclose to nature somehow. Last year, when I was qualified, I began torun my own canoeing center.Presenter: So you are making your hobby work for you.Jonathan: People are usually very skilled at their hobbies. The combination of interest and skills is a very compelling reason to choose a particularcareer.Presenter: Then, Adrienne, do you have a similar plan?Adrienne: Yes, I love making beaded jewelry. I’ve decided to get some formal training. I want to learn how to be a jewelry designer. Questions:1. Who is the target audience in the program?2. What is Adrienne’s hobby?3. What does Adrienne usually buy when she visits a place?4. How does Jonathan benefit from canoeing?5. What should be the major concern in choosing a career according to Jonathan?Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. BPart 1 listening threeGerry: I've just been to see Gone with the Wind. It was fantastic. Well worth seeing. Have you ever seen it?Judy : No, but I've read the book. I don't think I would like to see the film really. It would spoil the story for me.Gerry: Really? Oh, give me a film any day. Honestly, if I had to choose between the film of a story and the book of it, I'd go for the film. Judy : Would you?Gerry: Yes. It's much more real. You can get the atmosphere better. You know, the photography and location shots, period costumes, theright accents. Don't you think so?Judy : Not really. I much prefer to use my own imagination. I can imagine how I want it, rather than how someone makes me see it. Anyway, I think you get much more insight into the characters when you read a book. Part of a person's character is lost on film because you never know what they are thinking.Gerry: True, but I don't know. It's much easier going to the cinema. It takes less time. I can get the whole story in two hours but it might take mea week to read the book.Judy : I know, but it's so expensive to go to the cinema nowadays. Gerry: I know, but it's a social event. It's fun. You can go with your friends.When you read a book you have to do it on your own.Judy : All right. Let's agree to differ. I'll get some coffee.Keys:1.1.s poil the story 1.2. and day1.3. Honestly choose the film1.4.Atmosphere photography location period1.5.insight into the characters 1.6. social event1.7. agree to differ2.Films: get the atmosphere better---photography/locationshots/period costumes/right accenteasiertake less time: two hoursan social event: fun, go with friendsBooks: take more time: one weeknot a social event: do it on your ownbooks: use readers’ own imaginationget much more insight into the charactersfilms: spoil the storyexpensivePart 1 listening fourSally Marino gets married. After the wedding, there is a big party—a wedding reception. All the guests eat dinner. There is a band and, after dinner, everyone dances. Sally's mother and father pay for everything. At the end of the reception, Sally and her new husband cut the wedding cake and all theguests get a piece.Pete and Rose buy a new house. After moving in, they invite their friends and family to a party—a housewarming party. Everybody comes to see the new house. They look at the bedrooms, the dining room, even the garage. Pete and Rose serve drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. The party is on a Saturday afternoon.It is Christmas time. Ted and Sarah Robinson want to see many of their friends over the holiday. So they invite their friends to an open house. The hours of the party are from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. The guests arrive and leave whenever they want. The Robinsons serve sandwiches, drinks, and snacks. Some guests stay for just 20 minutes, others stay for 3 hours. About fifty people come to the open house.Mr. and Mrs. Todd ask their neighbors to come to an evening party. They don't serve much food, just snacks—pretzels, chips, peanuts and many types of drinks. No one dances. Conversation is important with people asking questions like "What's new with you?".Keys:1.√2 √32.4.d inner band dances piece2.5.house drinks snacks2.6.Invite arrive fifty/502.7.snacks Conversation new with youPart 4 Listening 1Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Cathy: Er...a friend told me that you have exercise and dance classes here.Receptionist: That's right.Cathy: OK. Can you give me some information about days and times, please?Receptionist: Yes, there are four classes a day, every day from Monday to Saturday with nothing on Sunday.Cathy: Yeah, can you tell me the open hours?Receptionist: The first one is an aerobics class from 8:30 to 9:30 in the morning. Then there's another aerobics class at lunchtime from12:30 to 1:30.Cathy: Right.Receptionist: Then in the evening from 5:30 to 6:30—another aerobics class too. And there's a jazz dance class from 6:30 to 7:30. Cathy: Right. And what level are they for? I mean, would they be OK fora beginner?Receptionist: The morning aerobics—8:30 to 9:30—is advanced. All the others are at the beginner to intermediate level. But let me giveyou a schedule.Cathy: Thanks. And how much does it cost for a class?Receptionist: You pay a ￡1 entrance fee and then the classes are ￡2.50 each and ￡3.50 for the jazz dancing. It's there on the sheet. Cathy: Oh, yes, I see.Receptionist: If you become a member, entrance is free and...Cathy: Oh, no, it's OK. I'm only in London for two weeks. Receptionist: Oh, right. That's no good then.Cathy: And I guess you have showers and everything? Receptionist: Yes, sure, and in the evenings you can use the sauna free, too. Cathy: Oh, great. So the next class is at 5:30? Well, I'll see you then. Receptionist: Fine. See you later!Questions:1. Where does the dialog most likely take place?2. How many classes are there every day except Sunday?3. At what time does the last class end?4. How much is the entrance fee?5. Which class will Cathy most probably attend?6. What can we learn about Cathy from the conversation?Keys: 1. A 2.C 3.C 4. A 5. C 6. BListening 2Woman: Why don't we go abroad for a change? I'd like to go to France, Spain, or even Italy.Man: Mm. I'm not all that keen on traveling really. I'd rather stay at home.Woman: Oh, come on, Steve. Think of the sun!Man: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive. Woman: Oh, it isn't, Steve. Not these days.Man: Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another thing, traveling in Britainwould be easier. No boats, planes or anything.Woman: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already. What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we cantravel round Britain whenever we like. There's no point in wastingour summer holiday here.Man: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when wego abroad. I hate all that. And it's so confusing.Woman: Oh, don't be silly, Steve.Man: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages—you know that.It's all right for you. You can speak some foreign languages. Woman: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practice my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work.Man: Mm, but that's no use to me.Woman: But just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet! Man: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much. Woman: I'm sorry, Steve. No. I don't fancy another cold English summer.Questions:1. Where does the man want to spend the summer holiday?2. According to Steve, what is considered important in planning vacation?3. What does Steve find confusing about traveling abroad?4. What will help Juliet in her work?5. What does Juliet think of summer in Britain?Keys:1. C2. B3. D4. C5. BListening 3The game of football may have started in Roman times. It seems that the Romans played a game very much like our modern rugby but with a round ball.English villagers played football in the 16th century and they often had almost a hundred players on each side. It was a very common game, which was very rough and even dangerous until the early part of the 19th century. In the 18th century a Frenchman who had watched a rough game of football in a village wrote, "I could not believe that those men were playing a game. If this is what Englishmen call playing, I would not like to see them fighting!"From the mid-19th century, it was played in schools in England and soon spread all over Britain and Europe. Until in 1850, it was not possible to have football matches between one school and another, because each school had different rules! So set rules had to be made. They were not improved thoughuntil, in 1863, when those who preferred to play with hands as well as feet formed the Rugby Union while the others started the Football Association (F.A.). It was only in 1863 that the first set of rules for all football clubs was agreed upon.Nearly 150 years later, football has become by far the most popular sport in the entire world. Would that 18th century Frenchman have believed it possible?Questions:1. According to the passage, when may the game of football have first started?2. How many team members were often involved in the game when the English began to play the game?3. What did the speaker say about the earliest football game in England?4. Why was it NOT possible to have football matches between two schools until 1850?5. What happened to football in 1863?Keys:1. D2. D3. A4. C5. CListening 4In one town, there were three longtime friends, Pat, Mike and Bob. Pat and Bob were quite bright, but Mike was rather dull.One day as Pat and Mike were walking down the sidewalk together, Patput his hand on a solid brick wall and said, "Mike, hit my hand as hard as you can." Mike struck a hard blow, but Pat pulled his hand away from the wall just before Mike's fist hit it. Of course, it hurt Mike's hand very much when he hit the wall, but Pat said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?" Mike agreed, but was not too happy.The following day Mike and Bob were walking in the town square. Mike decided to play the joke on Bob. He looked around, and seeing no solid object, he placed his hand over his face and said, "Bob, hit my hand as hard as you can." Bob agreed, and as he struck a hard blow with his fist, Mike quickly pulled his hand away and was knocked to the ground, unconscious. After a few minutes Mike recovered, and saw Bob worriedly looking down at him. Mike said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?"Questions:1.Who was NOT clever?2.What did Pat ask Mike to do?3.Who was hurt finally?4.On whom was Mike going to try this joke?5.Where did Mike put his hand when he asked Bob to hit him?6.What happened to Mike after Bob struck a hard blow with his fist? Keys:1.1A2. C3. A4.B5. C6. B2.√2 √5Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish. Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite flawless Shakespeare followed by a short pause and an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQincreased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.)Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists inlanguage, culture and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin duringchildhood. Children usually play together with other childrenof the same gender, and this is where our conversational styleis learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on thecontrary, use language mainly to earn status in their group. Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction ifwriters' names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language stylesare still evident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because ofdifferent communication and language styles between thesexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found thatfemales use language that is more collaborative andsupportive such as "Thanks for all your tips on...", "Goodpoint." and "Hope this helps!". Men tend to use moreaggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females usecollaborative and supportive language three times as often asmales did. In this study, it is clear that there is a genderdifference in e-mail messages just as in other communicationmedia.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech?Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expectguys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: W ell, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, asmany guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of meand went through the door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold thedoor and not let it slam in my face.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we couldconclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence. Keys:2. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands 2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made.A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off. Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12dig…into 1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better.“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted sonrecited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:2. B 2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most。

Short conversationsConversation 1W: The only thing I can do at night is to lie in bed and read, preferably while also eating a snack. Inever have time for exercising.M: Don’t think it’s worth exercising only if you can run five miles or if you can bike for an hour.Even going for a 10-minute walk is worthwhile.Q: What advice does the man give to the woman?Conversation 2W: Hi, Mark, I’ve gained quite some weight recently. So, how can I eat healthily at social events?M: Well, drink a full glass of water before you go. Focus mainly on fresh fruit and vegetables orbread with whole grains. These will help you stay feeling full.Q: What can we know about the woman?Conversation 3W: I heard that in South Africa smoking is banned in all enclosed public spaces.M: Yes, that’s right. But pubs and bars with separate, enclosed smoking rooms are excluded fromthe ban, and most restaurants provide smoking sections, either indoor areas with good aircirculation or outdoor open areas.Q: What can we learn about the smoking rules in South Africa?Conversation 4M: So, your research shows that even when children are not direct targets of violence in the home,they can be harmed by witnessing its occurrence?W: Yes, that’s right. For example, they can suffer immediate and permanent physical harm.They can also experience short- and long-term emotional and behavioral problems.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 5W: Skipping breakfast is common among people who are trying to lose weight, but it doesn’t seem to be a successful strategy.M: No, it isn’t. While any breakfast may be better than no breakfast, a healthy breakfast can be something simple like a hard-boiled egg, a piece of 100 percent wholegrain toast along with acup of 100 percent fruit juice.Q: What is recommended for a healthy breakfast?Long conversationM: I love working out!W: Ugh! You’re sweating all over the floor …M: I just ran five miles! A friend told me about this great park on Jefferson Street. I love exploring new parks!W: I try running at the gym three days a week, but it’s so boring looking at the TV monitor or the wall in front of me for an hour.M: You should run outside! Being in nature, enjoying the beautiful flowers and the trees, I feel mymind relax and the stress just falls away.W: It is nice outside. My mom loves t’ai chi and a nearby t’ai chi group meets every morning at 6a.m. I’ve tried going, but it’s too early for me to get out of bed …M: T’ai chi is really good. You need some kind of exercise. It’s unhealthy for you to sit in front ofyour computer all day, every day!W: Well, I recently spend my weekends away from my computer.M: Oh really? And what have you done recently that didn’t involve a computer or TV screen?W: Pandas! I just went to the San Diego Zoo with my sister on Saturday! They have one of thebest panda exhibits in the US. The mother panda is from Wolong, China, and had had six babypandas by 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo in September of 1996.M: Oh, I bet baby pandas are amazing! Hey! Maybe you should get a zoo membership and gojogging in the zoo!W: A zoo membership! Now that’s a great idea! I love the San Diego Zoo. It’s near my house, Ican get good exercise and I can watch the baby pandas grow up!Passage 1Have you ever felt you don’t have enough hours in the day? Or that you’d give anything for awhole day to catch up with yourself? Well, here are some ideas that work for me.First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isn’t making the list; that’s the easy part. The trick is making the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next to anything that is really urgent. Then I put the number “2”next to anything that will just take a couple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I get on with the urgent ones; it’s a bit like clearing off the top of your desk before sitting down to write that important letter.Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work or studythen. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 a.m., I can do aday’s work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, itcanbe difficult to accomplish tasks that involve phoning “night owls”, but that’s what email’s for! Finally, do not let your inbox run your life. I just realized recently how frequently Iinterrupted my real work to check my inbox and respond to the most trivial of emails. So, now Ionly open it when absolutely necessary and this saves me hours. If your work depends on youbeing constantly accessible by email, then you can’t do this; but be honest and ask yourself, “Am I an email addict?”With these simple, practical techniques, you will become more efficient, less stressed and beable to win some “me-time”for yourself.Short conversationsConversation 1W: So this is your last year in college. Have you ever thought about what you’d like to do after graduation?M: Well, I really don’t know. The job market seems to be improving, so I may look for a job somewhere. But I am also interested in applying for graduate school.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 2M: Do you remember Linda we met a while ago at Susan’s birthday party?W: Linda? Do you mean the lady who you said was a nurse in the community hospital before her retirement? Yeah, I remember. She looks very young for her age.Q: What does the woman think of Linda?Conversation 3M: I wish I could retire tomorrow. Then I would not need to worry about work.W: I don’t look forward to retirement. I’m afraid of getting old –my body will slow down, and my children will be away. I dread losing independence and living in loneliness.Q: What makes the woman afraid of getting old?Conversation 4W: I consider my early 20s to be the prime time of my life. How about you?M: I couldn’t agree with you more. That’s no doubt the golden period. You are young and energetic. You are free to pursue your passion. The best thing is that you have a wealth of opportunities to explore.Q: What does the man like best about being in his early 20s?Conversation 5W: Hi, John. You are taking Law 201 this semester, right? How do you like it?M: Yeah, it’s a great class. We’ve looked at several cases of age discrimination at work. Such cases are very interesting because they are rarely clear-cut and court decisions can be rather controversial.Q: What does the man say about age discrimination cases?Long conversationM: Nancy, time to make a birthday wish!W: I wish ... hmm. OK! I want a high-paying job, a husband with a perfect face and body, and abig house ... with a swimming pool!M: Wow, Nancy! Those are your three wishes?W: Of course! If I have those three things, I’ll be happy!M: Now, Nancy. Let me tell you my story, and you may see things differently.W: “See things differently?”What do you mean, Uncle Charlie?M: Here is what I once experienced in life. When I married, 32 years ago, we had a happymarriage, a beautiful house, two expensive cars, and $200,000 in the bank!W: See, just like now!M: Wait! I would suggest three different wishes!W: Well ... What would you wish for? You’re older and wiser!M: What happens if you lose your job, lose your house, and your husband becomes sick? I suggestthese three wishes: patience, courage and love!W: Patience, courage and love?M: Yes! If you have patience and courage, you and your husband will have good jobs and a nicehouse. And if you have true love, you and your husband will be beautiful to each other nomatter how old you become together.W: This is good.M: Within six years of our marriage, we had three beautiful children, but we lost our jobs, ourhouse, all our money, and then I got really sick for nine years. But we didn’t lose anythingtruly valuable, because we always said: “Wherever the five of us are together, we are at home!”And, little by little things did improve, and I finally got well. Patience, courage and love!These are what make life full, strong and happy!W: Hmm, I will remember. Patience, courage and love! Thanks, Uncle Charlie!Passage 1If you think that you have to live up a remote mountain in order to live a long and healthy life,a religious community in Loma Linda, California, may prove you wrong. Its members are a groupof Christians known as the Seventh-day Adventists. The Adventists enjoy a much higher life expectancy than average Californians. Adventist men can expect to live about seven years longerthan other Californian men. Adventist women are likely to live around four years longer than otherCalifornian women. The Adventists also act much younger than they are and see doctors muchless than ordinary people.So what’s the secret of the Adventists’longevity? It is not all in their genes. Nor is their goodhealth a mere accident. The Adventists live longer partly because they have a vegetable-based diet.Around 35 percent of them are vegetarian, and around one half eat meat only rarely. Tobaccoandalcohol consumptions are discouraged. So are rich or spicy foods, meat, and drinks containing caffeine. The Adventist diet is high in fruit and vegetables. It also includes plenty of whole grains, nuts, seeds and beans, and water is the drink of choice.The longevity of the Adventists is also related to their lifestyle and natural environment. Theybelieve in having regular exercise, helping others, and maintaining strong social and familial ties.They live in a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters. Interestingly, the air quality of Loma Linda, however, is not as good as in other longevity hot spots. This should give us all hope, as it suggests that we don’t have to have every single factor in place in order to achieve excellenthealth. Despite this, the Adventists’good health certainly provides strong evidence that diet andlifestyle choices have a great impact on health and longevity.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I really need a holiday, so I’m going camping with some friends. What are you doing over the semester break?M: I haven’t got any plans yet. I don’t really have enough money to fly home. I suppose I could get a part-time job and earn some money, or maybe I could start studying for next semester.Q: What is the woman going to do over the semester break?Conversation 2M: I heard that you quit your swimming lessons. But you have paid $120 for them.W: Ah, it’s all these yoga sessions. I just couldn’t fit them all in. What’s more, I got the majorityof my fees back because I quit immediately after the first day.Q: Why did the woman quit her swimming lessons?Conversation 3M: Shall we spend our weekend in Singapore? We can leave Friday afternoon so as to have dinnernext to the river and enjoy fireworks at the shore!W: I’d rather go on Saturday. My aunt will drop in on Friday evening. We haven’t seen each otherfor a couple of years.Q: Why doesn’t the woman want to leave on Friday?Conversation 4M: What do I need to bring for our camping trip to the national park?W: Well, we’ve bought the food and rented a van. It’s a camping vehicle with a fridge and cookingequipment. I think you will need a warm sweater or jacket for the evenings.Q: What does the woman suggest the man bring for the camping trip to the park?Conversation 5M: Have you confirmed your booking at the hotel in Sydney? With only three days left before ourtrip, I hope everyone is as ready as I am!W: Not yet. But I’d better call them before we start our vacation. During this time of year theyalways get quite busy.Q: What will the woman probably do before the vacation?Long conversationM: Rebecca, I just learned of an amazing park right here near our city!W: Really? Is it a nature park or an entertainment park?M: It’s a beautiful nature park, located 15 miles from our home.W: What’s it called?M: It is called Big Sky Park and has nice walking trails and camping sites!W: Bill, this is perfect! We can have a vacation and still keep saving money to visit my family sometime. But, can we get to Big Sky Park without a car?M: Yes, easily. We just take the No. 32 bus that goes right to the park. The only problem will be getting all of our camping stuff with us on the bus.W: Well, I did just buy that new cart to help carry groceries home on the bus, plus we have your big backpack. Together, I think we will be fine. All of our camping equipment should easily fit on the bus.M: Good. Good! I know we can make it a really special weekend. I have longed for a time when we could walk alone together in the quiet beauty of nature. I’m so, so happy to have thischance to be with you at the park.W: I know me too! I know what I’ll do! I’ll pack all of our favorite food, and I’ll bake a small chocolate cake. Your favorite! Then we can drink tea and eat the chocolate cake around a campfire. I’m so happy you found Big Sky Park. I can’t wait, just two more days for the weekend to come!M: I’m so happy as well. Big Sky Park will be wonderful. The fire, the dinner and spending time with you make me such a happy, happy man, Rebecca!Passage 1A new museum entirely dedicated to laziness has opened in the capital city of Colombia. Butyou have to hurry if you want to see the exhibits and find out about being lazy because the exhibition lasts only for one week. The unusual show displays a whole range of things such as sofas, beds and anything that makes you feel like taking a rest. There are also plenty of televisions for those visiting couch potatoes to watch as they move around relaxingly in the museum.It is no coincidence but rather an intentional decision for the museum to have opened rightafter the holiday season. The idea is for people to think about laziness, and perhaps change their behavior and lifestyle throughout the rest of the year. It offers a practical experience to make us think about laziness in our high-speed, fast-paced societies.The museum’s founder Marcela Arrieta said she wanted people to rethink about laziness and decide whether it really is a bad thing. She told the media that people today always think about laziness as an enemy of work. For example, they may feel guilty if they sleep late, or they mayfeel they are wasting time after taking a nap or having a holiday.Ms. Arrieta may not be proposing that we should have a shorter working week, but she couldhave a point in that we do need more leisure time than our jobs allow us, and change our lifestyleto a type that is more relaxing. Besides, according to scientists, avoiding the pressure and stressofwork can make us healthier and live longer. So, why not try out Ms. Arrieta’s advice for yourself, slow down, and think about being lazy?Short conversationsConversation 1M: I think the government could provide some money for homeless people to build their own homes. Homeless people would find it easier to get jobs if they had an address.W: It’s not a bad idea. But I wonder where the money will come from.Q: What does the man think the government could do?Conversation 2W: You see, some colleagues are not as active and efficient as usual and few have made any progress in their business recently.M: Why don’t we organize some social activities, such as a baseball match? Our colleagues can learn to help and cooperate with one another.Q: What does the man suggest to change the situation?Conversation 3W: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy at this time of day.M: When you take the subway, you don’t have to deal with traffic. I never drive home. Driving at this time may be slower than walking.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?Conversation 4W: Have you heard? Kate quit her job and went to Africa to work as a volunteer!M: Really? I really admire her courage. I think we should all extend an arm of help, love and compassion to help poor people become self-reliant financially and psychologically.Q: What does the man think we all should do?Conversation 5W: You know there are many creative ways to reuse items. For example, old shoe boxes can be used for storage and plastic containers can be used for growing plants.M: I never realized that we could be so green. I just learned to recycle glass bottles.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Long conversationW: Hey, John! Everything OK? You look upset.M: Oh, hi Kate. I was in the cafeteria eating alone. James from accounting walked by, sat down to eat at the table right next to me –didn’t say a single word to me. I wondered why.W: Is that the main thing stressing you out, John?M: No, I was silly to feel bad about that. What I am stressed about is my workload. My manager, Steven, is a great guy. He always counts on me to get the work done. But I have five meetingsthis week and two big projects to complete by next Monday. I don’t see how I can finish. I’m really worried I’ll let my team down.W: I have some free time on Friday and over the weekend. I can help you with your extra work if you’d like. I know that feeling of being overwhelmed with work. It’s awful. I’d like to help. M: Really? You’d do that for me?W: Of course I will! John, a lot of us really admire your work. Some of us have asked to work on your team. You’re a great example to us, John. You shouldn’t doubt yourself. I’m glad to help out.M: Wow, Kate. Thanks!W: We could ... discuss it over dinner on Thursday. My treat!M: Wow. No ... I mean I get to buy dinner, Kate! How about the new restaurant on 6th Street,365?It’s called 365 because it offers local, seasonal foods –fall, winter, spring, and summer –healthy choices with wonderful fresh fruits and vegetables. Let’s meet at 7 p.m.W: Sounds wonderful! Thursday, 7 p.m. at the new restaurant 365 on 6th Street. Perfect!Passage 1More than half of working Americans are dissatisfied with their jobs, according to a survey.That’s bad news for employers because workers’discontent can hurt productivity and hinder innovation.Lynn Franco, co-author of the report, says Americans’job satisfaction is at its lowest level in more than two decades: Only 45.3 percent of workers say they are satisfied with their jobs compared with 61 percent in 1987.The report was produced by the Conference Board, a non-profit organization that helpsbusinesses strengthen their performance. It is based on a survey of 5,000 US households. It showsa drop in satisfaction in many aspects of an employee’s work life, including interest in the job, dealing with co-workers and bosses, commuting and job security. As a group, neither youngpeople who are just entering the workforce nor employees who are about to retire, Franco says,arehappy with what they do.Only about 36 percent of workers under the age of 25 say they are currently satisfied withtheir jobs. And it’s not much better among baby boomers. Twenty years ago, more than 50 percentof baby boomers were satisfied. Today, that’s down to 46 percent.The most satisfied group of workers in the survey was those aged 25 to 34. Franco suggeststhat they may see some opportunities for upward mobility as baby boomers retire.The Conference Board survey also asked about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction. Thereare economic reasons such as wages, promotion policy and bonus policy that are sort of addingtothis level of dissatisfaction. In addition, workers are also dissatisfied with the benefits: vacationpolicy, family-related leave time, work schedule flexibility, and a variety of other factors as well.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I’ve read a lot about this young singer in the music press. She’s certainly creating a stir. Is she really that good?M: She’s absolutely brilliant. Each of her performances has been a sell-out. Her mix of rap and folk music is unique and awesome.Q: What does the man say about the singer?Conversation 2M: So here we are in Rome, Italy. In the next four days, we are going to have a full schedule.W: I’m so excited. Rome has been my dream city. I can’t wait to see the historical buildings, visit the art galleries and eat real Italian pizza. By the way, shall we start with the famous Capitoline Museums tomorrow?Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 3W: Besides modern opera, which you are studying now, are there any other areas of the arts you enjoy?M: All sorts. I like pop music, and I very much enjoy pencil drawing. But what interests me mostis poetry, especially American poetry in the early 20th century.Q: What’s the man’s area of study?Conversation 4M: Hi. I am calling to inquire about the exhibit of ancient Greek sculptures you are now hosting. Could you please tell me the admission fee and the opening times?W: Sure. Admission is free. The opening hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Mondays through Thursdays, 10:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. on Fridays, and 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays.Q: How long does the exhibit open on Saturdays?Conversation 5W: Darling, let’s check out the reviews of this movie online. If it’s good, we should watch it. M: I think we should. To watch a silent movie is certainly not something common in modern days. The actors must have superb skills to attract the audience if they do not say anything.Q: What is special about the movie?Long conversationW: This feels like a dream ... The last time I was in San Francisco was 30 years ago, when I was your age, 15 years old. So much has changed in the city–but you know–many of the sites are just the same.M: Wow! San Francisco is as beautiful as a picture! I can’t believe it! Let’s get going! Let’s look at the map and take the streetcar to the Golden Gate Bridge.W: Yes, of course. But, wait–let’s just take a moment to look at the Golden Gate Bridge from here–up high on the hill. See how amazing the sun looks, shining on the bridge there highabove the water? Sometimes the best way to really enjoy something is to see it from different angles and perspectives.M: Yes! Just beautiful from here! OK! Let’s get going! Wait! You know what, Aunt Lucy, I’mreally, really hungry! May we eat before we head out to see the Golden Gate Bridge?W: Yes, of course we can. We’re already here in Chinatown and near my favorite Chinese restaurant. Even after 30 years have passed since I last visited, it’s still busy and active.M: That’s great, Aunt Lucy!W: And, it’s right here!M: Wow! This is amazing! The man inside the window is making noodles by hand–just by pulling on the flour dough. I’ve never seen anything like it before. How?W: Yes, I know. It’s amazing, right? And the food is delicious, too! Sometimes the best way to enjoy culture is to simply slow down and truly experience it. We have five full days here inSan Francisco. Let’s go slowly and enjoy every moment!Passage 1The Mona Lisa is probably the most famous painting in the world. It was created byLeonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian artist, between around 1503 and 1506. The subject is the wife of a wealthy silk merchant of Italy. The woman’s husband requested Da Vinci to portray heras a celebration of their home’s completion and the birth of their second son. What is it about thispainting that has created such a lasting impact on the artistic world?One factor is the artist himself. Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist, but also a scientist,an architect and an engineer. His knowledge of the human form came from the study of actualhuman bodies, so he was able to draw and paint it more accurately.Another factor is the material used for the painting. The Mona Lisa is an oil painting, butunlike other paintings, which are usually created on canvas, the Mona Lisa has a wood panel asthe surface. The use of a wood panel makes it possible for the work to have survived for centuries.Lastly, the style and techniques used for the painting make the Mona Lisa a masterpiece. DaVinci presented precise details in the subject’s hands and face. He applied a shadowing techniqueat the corners of her lips and her eyes, which gives her an unbelievably lifelike appearance. Healso created a background with aerial views and a beautiful landscape. His remarkable skills leftbehind no visible brush marks at all.All these factors–Da Vinci’s talent, the medium used for the painting, the style andtechniques applied in the work–contribute to the lasting and mysterious beauty of the Mona Lisa.Short conversationsConversation 1M: There is not much worth in reading the newspapers these days. They have more pages but fewer words that really matter.W: You said it! All you find in them are advertisements and celebrity gossip. I wish they could direct more attention to issues that are more important to society.Q: What does the man think of today’s newspapers?Conversation 2W: Hello. Today on Business Focus I am talking about knowledge management with Mr. Adam Johnson, the Human Resources Manager of a multinational company. Mr. Johnson, how has knowledge management changed the way your company works?M: In lots of ways. The most significant change occurs in how we manage the process of our project development …Q: What is the woman probably doing?Conversation 3W: Recently, reality television has swept across almost all channels: matchmaking, job hunting, and talent shows. I don’t know why people are so crazy about it!M: In my view, some people watch reality TV because it makes them feel they’re better than others. They may also enjoy seeing other people get embarrassed.Q: What does the man say about reality TV?Conversation 4W: I think teenagers today experience a different social reality from what we had before.M: Exactly. When we were kids, we would hang out with friends, chatting, or going to movies. That’s our experience, but what we see now is that young people are choosing to live online. Q: How do young people socialize today according to the man?Conversation 5W: Much has been said about how anti-social the Internet and mobile phones are, butI think communications technology is bringing people closer.M: Yes, I’d go along with you on that. With these modern tools, there’s a new kind of connectionbeing built within families.Q: What does the man think of modern communications technology?Long conversationW: Hey Billy! It’s 7:30 p.m.! Turn off your TV and computer. Come down to dinner. It seems yourfather is finishing his conference call with his team in China.M: OK Mom. Coming. But why is Dad on his computer while I can’t be on mine!W: Billy, your father is working. But you are chatting with your friends about celebrities!So your father needs to be on his computer. And you don’t!M: OK. Sorry, Mom. What are we having for dinner? Pizza?W: Pizza?! I’ve made us a nice dinner of roast chicken, mushroom soup and vegetable salad. Ieven made chocolate cake for dessert –and you want pizza!M: Just kidding Mom! I love your cooking! Mmm I’m hungry, and it smells delicious!W: Billy! I told you to shut down all electronics!M: Mom! This isn’t fair. You told me to turn off my computer and my TV –you didn’t say all electronics –and you didn’t mention my cell phone! I have to check the news! My favoritegolf player just got in trouble for drunk driving! Please Mom! I have to find out!W: You can’t go five minutes without having your eyes on a screen! Hand me your phone. Now! I am turning it off so we can have a nice dinner.M: OK Mom. Fine! Here’s my phone.W: Now, where is your father?M: Will you make Dad do the same? We never have family dinner anymore without Dad being on electronics!W: Hmm, you know, Billy, you have a very good point. I think it’s time we had family dinner without any electronics. Here’s our new rule: Just for 45 minutes over dinner, no electronics!Passage 1We as a society have intense interest in the celebrity news prevalent in our media. One of thekey reasons is that in a world of constant death and disasters, celebrity news allows us to escape。

1.PART 3-1Video Appreciation1 Watch a video clip about the study on immortality and decide whetherthe following statements are true (T) or false (F).______1 People of all generations are seeking ways to achieve immortality.______2 Scientists cracked the secrets of aging by the end of the 20th century.______3 Scientists now know exactly how to postpone the process of aging.______4 It is possible for scientists to rejuvenate people by 20 years and with that 20 years scientists can come up with solutions to some of the health problems humans face.______5 Immortality is difficult to achieve because aging is not the only cause of death.______6 In theory humans can expect a lifespan of several thousand years once the aging process can be postponed.______7 Everybody would like to drink from the elixir of life so as to achieve immortality.______8 People will feel their mortality once they reach the age of 70 according tot he video.正确答案:(1)T(2)F(3)F(4)T(5)T(6)T(7)F(8)T2.PART 3-2Video Appreciation2 Watch the video clip again and complete the following paragraphs with the words and expressions from the box. Change the form if necessary.A. rejuvenate peopleB.die from things such asC. catch up with usD. postpone agingE.stay almost the sameF. promise to be removedG. crack the secrets H.search for the elixir I.develop the elixirJ. cure agingTo make the dream of immortality come true, human beings,from nearly all cultures and all periods of history, have been 1) ______ of life, or the fountain of youth. Now, finally, in the new century, this search for more time might be over, as scientists are beginning to 2) ______ of aging. The limit on our life expectancy 3) ______ very soon.To 4) ______ indefinitely, it is expected that scientists are able to 5) ______ aged 55 or 60 back to 40. So it’s going to take them another 20 years or maybe a little longer before they get back to being biologically 60. In that 20 years, scientists would try to fix problems th ey couldn’t fix now before these problems 6) ______. However, despite the prospect of living to around a thousand or maybe thousands of years, we are warned that people are still going to 7) ______ traffic accidents, or homicides or whatever and there’s no t going to be immortality in the biblical sense. On average, the risk of dying from those causes will 8) ______ as it is now.正确答案:(1)searching for the elixir(2)crack the secrets(3)promises to be removed(4)postpone aging(5)rejuvenate people(6)catch up with us(7)die from things such as(8)stay almost the same3.PART 4Further ListeningListening I-11 Listen to a poem by Henson Towne and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F).______1 I had a friend faraway from me in a big city.______2 We haven’t seen each other for many years but we kept in touch by telephone calls.______3 I tried my best to be famous and I was happy to tell my friend my ambition.______4 I postponed my visit to my friend because I was too busy to think of him.______5 My friend died before I found time to visit him.______6 Life is short and we may regret not having expressed our love in time.______7 Expressing love to your friends will make a difference between your day and theirs.______8 It’s our friends and family who help to make us the person we are today.正确答案:(1)F(2)F(3)F(4)F(5)T(6)T(7)F(8)T4.Further ListeningListening I-22 Listen to the poem again and complete it with the information you get. Around the CornerAround the corner I have a 1) ______,In this great city that has no 2) ______.Yet the days go by and 3) ______ rush on,And before I 4) ______ it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend’s face,For life is a swift and 5) ______ race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I 6) ______ his bell,And he rang mine.If we were 7) ______ then,And now we are busy,8) ______ men.Tired of playing a foolish 9) ______,Tired of trying to 10) ______ a name.“Tomorrow,” I say, “I will call on JimJust to 11) ______ that I’m 12) ______of him.”But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And 13) ______ between us grows and grows.Around the 14) ______!—yet miles away,“Here’s a 15) ______ sir—Jim died today.”And that’s what we get and 16) ______ in the end.Around the corner, a vanished friend.正确答案:(1)friend(2)end(3)(4)know(5)terrible(6)rang(7)younger(8)tired(9)game(10)make(11)show(12)thinking(13)distance(14)corner(15)telegram(16)Deserve5.Listening II-11 Listen to a passage about Americans’ sense of time and complete the following sentences with the information you get.1 Americans not only wear watches but also have 1) ______ at home.2 Many familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with 2) ______ and 3) ______.3 When Americans have to wait, they tend to become 4) ______.4 Americans buy many kinds of machines ranging from 5) ______ to equipment for the office because of their desire to 6) ______ and handle work efficiently.5 Videocassette recorders give Americans a new kind of 7) ______ over time. On the one hand, they will not 8) ______ a favorite game, on the other hand, they can 9) ______ all sales ads and commercials and thus actually save time.正确答案:(1)clocks(2)promptnessefficiency(4)impatient(5)household appliances(6)save time(7)control(8)miss(9)Avoid6.Listening II-22 Listen to the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F).______1 Americans wear watches for ornamental purposes.______2 Americans are impatient when they have to wait because they want to make full use of every minute.______3 Under time pressure,Americans seldom look happy and relaxed.______4 Americans buy many kinds of machines so as to have more time for relaxation.______5 One can save one and a half hours by watching a football game on the videocassette recorder than on TV.正确答案:(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)F(5)F7.Listening III-11 Listen to a passage about what life will be like 100 years from now and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear on the recording.1 What can definitely be said of life in the next century? ______A It will be more mechanized.B The Earth will be too crowded for human beings to live on.C We’ll have no oil to use.D There will be only artificial food available.2 What does “many jobs will be automated” mean according to the passage? ______A Everyone has to be familiar with computers.B Machines will do these jobs.C Jobs will be automatically offered to the employee.D Many jobs will be done automatically.3 What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment? ______A People have to learn to do several jobs.B People have to quit their current job once and for all.C People have to major in automation at university to find a good job.D People have to take several jobs at a time to make a living.4 Is there any possibility that some jobs will disappear in decades fromnow? Why or why not?______A Yes, because robots will do the jobs for us by then.B Yes, because some jobs will become unnecessary by then.C No, because there will be more people doing the same job by then.D No, because there will be many more new jobs created by then.5 What would the future job market look like? ______A We may be offered better jobs then.B Jobs related to robots would be highly paid in the job market.C People can work in good health for 40 years if they like.D The unemployment rate could be very high.正确答案:(1)A(2)B(3)A(4)B(5)D8.Listening III-22 Listen to the passage again and complete the following paragraphs withthe information you get.What will life be like 100 years from now? Some experts are optimistic; others are far more 1) ______. They think that by then the population will have 2) ______. We will have run out of essential materials like oil and 3) ______. We may even have run out of water to drink. Theybelieve that we will be living like 4) ______—living in little boxes and eating 5) ______ food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in 6) ______ and systematized communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing 7) ______ air, living in a better environment and 8) ______ far more pleasant lives than we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more. For example,many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become 9) ______ by the time they are 40.正确答案:(1)pessimistic(2)doubled(3)coal(4)chickens(5)artificial(6)well-designed(7)fresher(8)leading(9)Unnecessary9.Listening IV-11 Listen to a passage about Americans living in the suburbs and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).______1 The disadvantage of living in the suburbs is that there are very few shops nearby.______2 People living in the suburbs must spend a lot of time going to the workplace.______3 Architects have been buying old buildings in the business area of the cities and changing them into apartment buildings.______4 Apartment buildings in the cities are not bright enough with small windows.______5 The new apartment owner regrets buying it since it doesn’t have a yar d.正确答案:(1)F(2)T(3)T(4)F(5)F10.Listening IV-22 Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions.1 Why did Americans living and working in large cities start to move to the suburbs or edges of cities since the early 1900s? ______2 What is the reason mentioned in the passage for people’s long-time travel from home and their workplace? ______3 When did some people become interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities? ______4 Why are architects interested in buying empty old buildings and empty floors of old buildings? ______5 According to the passage, what are the advantages of living in a downtown apartment?______ 正确答案:(1)Because they could have a large house and yard there.(2)The cities have grown larger.(3)During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century.(4)Because they want to change them into apartment buildings.(5)It saves people time for traveling back and forth.。