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(3).Social meaning: Based on: ①the social relationship between the
speakers;②the occasion;③the subject matter;④ the mode of speech;etc. eg: What’s your age? (对求职者)
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2.Lexical meaning:
(1).Denotative meaning: It is the central factor in linguistic communication. eg: chair → 椅子 mother → 母亲 man → 男人 woman → 女人 politician → 政客 blood → 血液 chicken → 小鸡 adumeaning: eg: chair → 官位 mother → love, care, tenderness man → 勇敢,强壮,责任心,大度 woman → 意志薄弱,爱流泪,多情善感 (Anyway,she is a woman.) politician → 欺诈,夸夸其谈 blood → 出身,亲情,民族 (Blood is thicker than water. He has Canadian blood) chicken → 懦弱,胆怯 adult → 责任
你吃了吗? (denotative meaning; connotative meaning)
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(4).Affective meaning: a.Interjections: Oh! Alas! Ouch! b.Approval and disapproval: mother, scholar, masterpiece, career, buzz, gang, boast, workaholic, etc. c.Bias: slender — skinny, statesman — politician, famous — notorious proud — arrogant (褒义) (贬义)