职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-167

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1751、Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation.____A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. For example, Telstra,Optus and Videophone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults. He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.Then who finances the research? According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide ranging inquiry in to possible health effects.【单选题】A.He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that ofadults.B.By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.C.“If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,”he said.D.Then who finances the research?E.For example, Telstra, Optus and Videophone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.F.The conclusion is that mobile phones bring more harm than benefit.正确答案:C答案解析:空格处应该填入与low-level radiation有关的内容，例如low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1791、Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone hasit. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson's disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia).4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You 'may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.Paragraph 3____【单选题】A.Tips for Patients with the Diseasemon Treatment for the DiseaseC.Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseD.Typical Symptoms of the DiseaseE.Possible Causes of the DiseaseF.Definition of Parkinson's Disease正确答案:D答案解析:第三段的大意即：帕金森综合征的典型症状是什么？因此选D。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-341、Musical Training Can Improve Communication SkillsAmerican scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities.Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. ____.She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her teamfound that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument ---- the cello.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.【单选题】A.Both involve different senses.B.Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.C.Some disabled children attended the musical training Class.D.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.E.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.F.The brain stem controls our ability to hear.正确答案:A答案解析:本段的第二、三句说，音乐训练和学习这两件事没有什么：很大的不同。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及
答案0523-171
1、What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?【单选题】
A.retirement
B.advertisement
C.advancement
D.replacement
正确答案:C
答案解析:题干大意：如果我留下，提升的机会是什么??promotion意为“升职”，如：
1
May?I?offer?my?congratulations?on?your?promotion?（请允许我对您的晋升表示祝贺。

）retirement意为“退休”，如：Your?retirement?is?really?a?great?disappointment?to?me.（您退休了，真是令我非常失望。

）advertisement意为“广告”，如：This?advertisement?will?capture?the?attention?of?TV?audienc es.（这广告将引起电视观众的注意。

）advancement意为“晋升”，最符合题意，如：His?advancement?to?the?position?of?manager?was?greeted? with?enthusiasm.（他被提升为经理，大家都为之欢呼。

）replacement意为“代替”，如：They?have?got?a?replacement?for?him.（他们把他替换下来。

）
1、I will take up teaching this September.【单选题】
A.start
B.get off
2。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1801、College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people."The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement. "Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to becomemore morning types," Taylor said.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students' academic performance.The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day."In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance, including GPAs."。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-161、The IcemanOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3 ,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head, There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth hoots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. Thescientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story, A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? ______【单选题】A.The Iceman was killed while working.B.The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.C.The Iceman lived a poor Life.D.The Iceman was struck dead from behind.正确答案:B答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要较强的推断能力。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1531、Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country where gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.In countries like Britain and Canada. The government adopted stricter gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby and the electoral system.The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway. Over the years, theDemocrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not both; they prefer power.According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted for nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don't want to give up their arms they ____ to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. "If one professor in Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been able to stop all this. " In his opinion, the massacre is an argument for more people to carry, weapons, not fewer.But at the root of Americans' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government , commented UK's Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry; a concealed firearm, told the Guardian thin itwas every American's responsibility to have a gun."Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government for protection. "【单选题】A.hideB.buyC.sellD.keep正确答案:D答案解析:所给的四个动词中，只有keep是状态动词，本句应选择填状态动词。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1651、Smallpox virusIt's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials. ____ the last “official” stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there's a good reason to keep the virus—just in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple. Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn't mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let's make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.【单选题】A.AndB.WhileC.WhereasD.Although正确答案:A答案解析:上一句句末的标点符号表明本句是一个独立的句子。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1601、Nurse! I Want My MummyWhen a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be with them.Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon (不赞同) —it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse, I want my mummy!" published in 1974, changed the face "paediatric (儿科的) nursing.Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela's study was done against the background of a livelydebate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital." "The idea was that if mum came to visita small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable (无法安慰的) for hours. ""Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. " "Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope ____ mum was ever coming back.""To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit." "But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal (开创性的)."Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.""As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay withtheir children while they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care."【单选题】A.unlessB.thatC.becauseD.whether正确答案:B答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查同位语从句引导词that的用法，此处只能用that引导同位语从句，that表示对先行词hope 进行解释说明，答案是B。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1771、Acceptance of Chronic IllnessFor chronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actually lead to more happiness, U. S. researchers suggest."Hope is an important part of happiness, but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness," Dr. Peter A. Ubel from the University of Michigan Health System said in a university news release.He and his colleagues studied patients who'd just had a colostomy (结肠造口术), which means their colons (结肠) were removed and they had to have bowel (肠) movements in a pouch (小袋) outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was reversible and they'd have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other patients were told the colostomy was permanent.The patients were followed for six months, and the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than those with reversible colostomies. "We think they were happier because they got on with their life. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," Ubel said. "The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed. They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "The study, published in the November edition of Health Psychology, also may explain why people whose spouse dies often recover better emotionally over time than those who get divorced, the researchers said.That's because people whose husband or wife dies have closure (结束), while those who get divorced may still have hope for some chance of making up, they explained.One group of the patients was happier because ______.【单选题】A.they made the best of their current situationB.they were good at playing cardsC.they regained normal bowel functionD.they were promised another operation正确答案:A答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要吃透原文句意。