写作分类指导

一、怎样写人写人，是小学作文训练的基本功之一。

在记叙文中，人和事是不可分的，关键是看题目如何要求。

要求写事的题目，文中的人要为事服务；要求写人的题目，文中的事必须为人服务。

写人为主的记叙文，就是要通过一件或几件事，来表现人物一种或多种品质。

写人的记叙文，叙事不要求完整；记事的记叙文，虚实要求完整，而且要贯穿文章始终。

（一）通过一件事来写人通过一件事来写人，通常是表现人物的一种品质或性格的一个方面。

为了刻画人物，对所写人物必须进行必要的外貌、语言、动作、心理等方面的描写。

但是，从以事写人这个角度来说，最好是选择一件最能反映此人某一特点的事，并把这件事写好。

在写事情的时候，要选择典型的事例。

所谓典型，就是能集中反映中心思想的事，能够表现人物的好思想、好品质、美好情感的事。

对小学生来说，选择典型事例，要着眼于小事，选择那些最能反映深刻意义的小事。

这样的事表面上看，都是普普通通的凡人小事，但是其中却蕴涵着深刻的意义，这就是我们常说的“小中见大”。

（二）通过几件事写人可以分成两种情况：以是用几件事表现某个人的一种品质；二是用几件事表现某个人的多种品质。

要注意：用几件事写人，这些事可以是完整的，作者必须把事情发生的时间、地点、人物、事件（起因、经过、结果），一一交代清楚，也可以是不完整的，只着重于某几点进行叙述。

更多的是在一篇文章中，有的事详写；有的事略写；有的事要求写得比较完整，有的事要求写得比较简单。

通过几件事写人，同样要对人物进行必要的外貌、行动、语言、心理的描写。

（三）学会刻画人物写人的文章要会在叙事的过程中，对最能表现人物思想感情、性格特点的外貌、语言、动作、心理活动等方面进行描写，也就是学会刻画人物。

1. 也叫肖像描写，是通过对人物的容貌、神情、衣着、姿态、语调、外貌特征的描写。

来揭示人物性格的一种方法。

人物的的外貌和人物内心世界密切的联系，具体说：通过外貌描写，使人物的形象更丰满，能给读者留下深刻印象；通过外貌描写，揭示人物的身份；通过外貌描写，展示人物在特定场合的内心世界；通过外貌描写，表现人物性格、精神面貌和思想品质。

CET4 写作模板+范文实例→图表阐释类作文e.g.1Student Use of ComputersFrom the chart，we clearly learn that in recent years the time the students spend on computer has increased rapidly.In 1990,a student only spent1 hour on average on the computer per week,However,by 2000,the number had reached as many as 20 hours.The following reasons can account for this tremendous change. Among these,the sharply decrease of computer price plays an important role.More and more families can afford a computer for their children.In addition,more and more net bars provide students convenient access to computers.Besides,Internet provides people an amazing world to explore,which attracts more students to sit in front of the computer screen.From my point of view,there are still some problems in student use of computers.A typical on is that some students are addicted to computer games.Besides,some students rely on computers too much,which limits their independent thinking.Therefore,necessary instructions should given to students to guarantee their seasonable use of computers.e.g.2The Difference in Income SourcesFrom the chart above,it can be seen clearly that the income sources of American and Chinese students are quite different.50% of American students' income comes from their parents, and 35% from part-time jobs,and 15% from scholarships.However, as for Chinese students, among their income,90% comes from their parents,the incomes from part-time jobs and scholarships takes up only 6% and 4% respectively.There are many reasons behind this phenomenon.Firstly,it is a long-time tradition that Chinese parents support their children's education and life.Secondly,American children have been educated be to independent since their childhoods.They are encouraged to make their pocket money through their own labor.Finally,compared with American universities,the scholarships provided by Chinese universities are not enough to meet most of Chinese students' needs.From my point of view,Chinese students should learn to be more independent.Like American students,Chinese students can do some part-time jobs.On one hand,this can release their families' financial burdens.On the other hand,they can acquire some practical experience.e.g.3The Income Change of Chinese FarmerFrom the chart,we can learn that the Chinese farmers' income has been rising steadily during the past 30 years.As is shown in the chart,in 1978the average income of Chinese farmers was only 133.6 yuan,and ten years later it increased to 590.5 yuan.By 2008,the average income of Chinese farmers has reached 5,013yuan.There are two main reasons behind this change.Firstly,the reform and opening-up policy since 1978 has brought great development space and opportunities to the rural areas.From then on, a large number of county-run enterprises have been set up.Secondly,the Chinese government have made and carried out a series of agricultural policies,which largely benefits the farmers.From my point of view,though the average income of Chinese farmers has increased greatly compared with the past there is still income gap between rural areas and urban areas.Therefore,we should continue to carry out our system of developing agriculture through science and education.Only in this way can the living standard of farmers be improved more rapidly.e.g.4More People Travelling Abroad in X CityFrom the chart,we can learn that in the past decade there is a sharp rise in the number of people travelling abroad in X city.In1995,the number was only about 10,000.By2005,it had reached over 120,000,which was more than ten times as many as ten years ago.The following several reasons can account for this phenomenon.Among this,China's opening-up policy plays a very important role,which has created more chances for people to go outside China.Moreover,with the improvement in economy in city X,people have higher income and can afford travelling abroad. Besides, the increase in the number of people travelling abroad has a lot to do with the improvement of the travel industry.In my opinion, however,this phenomenon might have both its advantages and disadvantages.On one hand,travelling abroad will promote the exchanges between city X and other cities.On the other hand,some low-quality tourists will damage our country's image,Therefore,there is necessary for our Chinese tourists to pay more attention to our behaviors when travelling abroad.→说明现象类作文e.g.1Students Selecting Their LecturesNowadays,many universities entitle their students to choose freely teachers for courses.This policy is welcomed by most students.In addition,teachers have also paid much attention to it since it involves their career fate.There are many different factors deciding the students' choosing a teacher .Among them,a teacher's professional knowledge and ability plays a very important role.Moreover,quite a few students think that teaching methods and skills are essential.Besides,a teacher's humour sense is also an important factor many students will consider.In my opinion,free choosing of teachers has its advantages as well as its disadvantages.For another,it can provide a good chance for a teacher to prove his ability,and give students more initiative learning.For another,however,since it is a free choice,few excellent teachers will become the focus of most students' choosing,which lead to an unreasonable class size and influence teaching effect seriously.Therefore,both students and teachers take this matter into serious consideration.e.g.2Self-help Traveling of College StudentsSo called self-help traveling refers that travelers themselves arrange travel route,travel time,and all the other matters during travels,without any guide or team leader.Nowadays this traveling model is gaining more and more popularity among college students.According to the survey,over 80% college students prefer self-help traveling to following a tour group.Why are college students so fond of self-help traveling?Above all,self-help traveling gives travelers more freedom and space.College students don't like being restricted ,they like to arrange their travel as they wish.Moreover,self-help traveling provide college students a good chance to improve their adaptability and viability.Besides,the expends in self-help traveling are controlled by travelers themselves,it is a good choice for those college students who have no much money.As a college students, I enjoy self-help traveling very much.I have benefited a lot from it.For one thing,I have appreciated many amazing scenery than those travelers follow tour groups.For another,self-help traveling helps me learn how to deal with people better.e.g.3Traditional Operas are Gaining Revival on CampusIn recent years,Traditional Chinese operas are gaining revival among young people.There are more young fans for Peking operas and other local operas.They enjoy singing and talking about the traditional operas.The websites and magazines on traditional operas are more popular.There are the following reasons behind this phenomenon.Among them,more publicity and education plays a critical role,More and more lectures and performances on traditional operas begin to go into campus,which provides young students with more chances to know the unique charm of traditional operas.Besides,nowadays traditional operas are put into some modern elements,like colorful stage designs and elaborate costumes,which is more appealing to young people.As for me,it is no doubt that the development of Chinese traditional operas is of very significance.But nowadays most young people,surrounded by pop-culture,cannot accept traditional operas in a short time.Therefore,we should take more affective measures to encourage young people to take up Chinese traditional arts.e.g.4The Celebration of Western FestivalsIn recent years many Chinese people like to celebrate western festivals,even some youngsters are paying as great attention to Christmas as our Spring Festival.In addition,other western festivals,like April Fool's Day and Valentine's Day,are very popular among Chinese people.Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon.Among them,relaxing and comfortable atmosphere form western festivals plays a critical role.Moreover,more and more Chinese people begin to learn English,which provides them more chances to be exposed to western culture and festivals.Besides,more businessmen desperately try to boost the atmosphere of foreign festival to attract more customers.As far as I am concerned,our paying too much attention to western festivals will bring some side effects.The popularity of western festivals to some extent has influence our traditions.Therefore,I suggest that people should not be immersed too much in the western festivals but ignore Chinese traditional festivals.→对策方法类作文e.g.1How to Succeed in a Job InterviewIt is generally accepted that interview is an important part in one's hunting for a job.One's performance in an interview often can decide whether he will be employed.Additionally,the interview provides a good chance for the interviewee to display his or her ability.Therefore,it is very important for a job hunter to learn how to succeed in a job interview.The following factors play an important role in a successful interview.Firstly,before an interview,a job hunter should try to know more about the involved position and company.Secondly,an interviewee should dress neatly and properly,which can help leave the interviewer a good first impression.Finally,self-confidence is also very important,with self-confidence,one can show fully his ability.As far as I am concerned,the importance of a successful interview can not overestimated.However,an opportunity is for those who are well-prepared.Therefore,every job hunter must take the interview seriously and try to make full preparation for it.e.g.2Getting to Know the World outside the CampusIt is of great significance for a college student to know the world outside the campus.In this fast-developing "Information Age",college students must keep pace with the progress of the world.Additionally,by contacting the off-world world,college students can have chance to get more practical skills.Therefore,how to know the world outside the campus is worth our attention.Many ways can be adopted by our colleges to increase our knowledge of the world.Firstly,mass media,like radios,televisions,newspapers and the Internet,are a good chance,by which we can be well informed what is happening.Secondly, provideing volunteer service is an effecent way to contact and know the society.Thirdly,we can take part-time jobs to increase our practical experience.As for me,I will try to create and grasp more chances to contact the society.In my opinion,getting to know the off-campus world is as important as improving academic performance.Therefore,I suggest every college student should not confine himself to the campus but often go outside.→对比分析类作文e.g.1Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?When it comes to whether the university campus should be open to tourists,there is no completely agreement among people.Some people think that university campus should welcome the visiting of tourists,they said that being closed to tourists may make students isolated from the outside world..Also,they maintain refusing tourists violate the spirit of openness.However,there are many others who do not favor the university campus being open to tourists.In their opinions,tourists destroy the quiet environment and influence the students' normal study.Besides,they argue that too many tourists will add a burden to the security department of the university.Weighting up these two arguments,I think a university should be an open place.By visiting the university campus,tourists can feel the rich cultural atmosphere.In addition,college students can have more chance to contact the people and the world outside the campus.Therefore,the university campus should be ready to embrace the tourists all over the world.e.g.2Should Text Books be Recycled?Nowadays there is a heated debate as to whether text books should be recycled.It is no doubt that recycling books brings about many advantages.Above all, recycling text books can reduce waste.Thus,we can leave more resources to the next generation.Furthermore,students can buy the recycled books at a low price,which means less stress on those relatively less rich parents.As every coin has two sides,recycling books also has some disadvantages.For one thing,some of the recycled text books are very dirty,so parents worry that a heath danger may exist in the recycled books.For another,note on the recycled books many disturb the next user and draw the user's attention away from the textbooks.Weighing the advantaged and disadvantages,I think textbooks should be recycled under some conditions.Undoubtedly,many people would be in favor of the recycled textbooks if the quality of the books can be guaranteed.But it is worth nothing that cost related to the recycling of textbooks should be controlled in an acceptable range.→论证观点类作文e.g.1Practice Makes Perfect"Practice makes perfect"is a proverb full of logic.It tells us that after practicing doing something again and again,one can do it perfectly.The truth of it is deep and profound.There are numerous examples supporting this argument..A case in point is the important role of practice in English study.It is a large deal of practice in listing,speaking,reading and writing that builds an excellent English learner.For another example,if we want to be proficient in using the computer,we also need a lot of practice.Without practical operating experience,one cannot become an expert on computer.All the above-mentioned tells us that practice plays a very vital role in our study and work.However,what is worth noting is that if there is no right theoretical direction,practice might go towards a wrong direction.Therefore,we should combine theory with practice in realizing our goals.e.g.2Silence Is Not Always GoldNowadays,there are still many people take "silence is gold"as a doctrine.They believe silence shows one's intelligence and inner beauty,and can reduce the possibility of being involved in troubles.However,indeed,in many cases,silence is not gold,especially in modern society.The following reasons can support this argument.Undoubtedly,when our lawful rights and interests are invaded,we should not keep silence.At this time,what we should do is to open our mouth to protect ourselves.Moreover,under the fierce social competition,everyone must learn to show himself.If you always wait in silence,the chances will not come to you automatically.All mentioned above tells us that silence is not always gold.Instead,silence sometimes not only can not help us but brings a negative effect.Therefore,we should decide when and whether to keep silence according to the situation.。

三、“社会现象类”材料作文，从试题所给的材料性质来看，可分为三类：1、正面材料。

如全国课标Ⅱ卷的“同学关系调查”，对于增进同学间的友好关系，营造和谐氛围，72%的人表示非常有信心；山东卷莫言在被“咬”之后表达了自己的谢意，并认为请别人挑错，可能是消除谬误的好办法；广西卷捡手机者认为不能用贪心来对待爱心。

这类材料感情倾向明显，彰显着积极向上的价值观。

此材料作为正面材料，考生可把它作为一般议论文来写。

（先立后破）以2013全国课标Ⅱ卷为例：阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

高中学习阶段，你一定在班集体里度过了美好的时光，收获了深厚的情谊，同窗共读，互相帮助，彼此激励，即便是一次不愉快的争执，都给你留下难忘的记忆，伴你走向成熟。

某机构就“同学关系”问题在几所学校作了一次调查。

结果显示，60%的人表示满意，36%的人认为一般，4%的人觉得不满意。

如果同学关系紧张，原因是什么？有人认为是我自我意识过强，有人认为是志趣，性格不合，也有人认为缘于竞争激烈，等等。

对于增进同学间的友好关系，营造和谐氛围，72%的人表示非常有信心，他们认为互相尊重，理解和包容，遇事多为他人着想，关系就会更加融洽。

要求：选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题，不要脱离材料内容及含意，不得抄袭。

对此，我们可从以下思路构思立意： 第一步：引述材料，摆出现象。

某机构就“同学关系”问题调查结果显示，对于增进同学间的友好关系，营造和谐氛围，72%的人表示非常有信心，他们认为互相尊重、理解和包容，遇事多为他人着想，关系就会更加融洽。

（就事论事、略写）第二步：从现象中提取论述的观点。

确实如此，同学之间只有互相尊重、理解和包容，关系才能变得融洽，这是我们为人处世的基本原则。

（就事论事、略写）第三步：分析、阐释观点。

考生可选取的拓展素材有：①中国心理卫生协会大学生心理咨询专委会的调查表明，近40%的大学新生和50%以上的毕业生存有不同的心理问题；②马加爵事件、复旦投毒案；③清华朱令案；④网友给同室的大学同学发短信感谢：“感谢当年的不杀之恩。

㈠提示类话题作文写作指导【题目】如果你是笼中的鸟儿，会盼望飞翔在那片葱茏的树林；如果你是池中的鱼儿，会盼望遨游在那条宽广的大河；如果你和亲人分别已久，会盼望早日重逢；如果你体弱多病，会盼望身体强壮；如果你成绩欠佳，会盼望在下一次的考试中有所进步……现实生活中，每个人都会有这样那样的期盼，在人与人的交往中，也会了解到别人的期盼。

请以“盼”为话题写一篇作文，所写内容必须在这个话题范围之内。

[注意] ①立意自定；③文体自选；③题目自拟；④不少于800字；⑤不得抄袭。

【写作指导】这是一道提示类话题作文题，同20XX年北京春季高考“水的联想”话题作文近似。

前面的一段材料起拓展考生思路的作用，不是规定的写作范围。

考生可以选择材料提示中的一个角度来写，也可以比照其提示加以联想，根据自己的生活积累和思考任意确定一个同话题相关的角度来写。

写作这类题目要避免下列三种失误：一是面面俱到，把提示性材料提示的几种角度依次阐释，蜻蜓点水，“遍地挖坑”而不是“选点掘井”；二是千人一面，直接搬话题“盼” 作题目，选材都是老生常谈，例如盼望着周末放假回家、盼望着和朋友相聚等等；三是空洞，缺少感人细节，自己声泪俱下，读者却无动于衷。

要取得发展等级的高分，需要根据自己的特长和题目的特点采取相应的策略，扬长避短。

如果找准了写作的切入口，又发挥出自己的优势，获取发展等级的高分便是水到渠成的事情。

这道题比较适合写记叙文，因为每个人内心深处都曾有期盼，都曾有期盼实现的喜悦和期盼落空的哀伤，容易写出有真情实感的文章。

㈠【例文】护手霜•鸡汤•盼九月十八日，是父亲的生日。

过了这一天，父亲就该进入不惑之年了。

我寻思着，送父亲一件什么样的礼物呢？蓦地，一双手浮现在我脑海里，它越来越清晰——那是一双饱经风霜的手，暗灰色的皮肤上枯松树皮般地绽开重重口子，短粗的十个指头上胡乱缠着白色胶布，遮住了已严重变形的指甲——那是父亲的手。

天，渐渐凉下来了。

父亲是否又忙着四处找带子，绑那手指上新增加的伤口呢？心，禁不住隐隐一痛，为那沁着血珠的裂纹……生日那天，我托人给父亲带去一个包裹——是一瓶防裂的护手霜。

一、定义：对书、文、歌、剧、人、事、物、言论……的条分缕析的看法都在此列。

二、特点：（一）针对性强无论哪种短评，都是针对某一特定的具体对象而发的，或一件事、一个人，或一种现象、一种行为，作者的见解总以评论的对象为凭借。

（二）观点鲜明无论哪种短评，无论评论哪一问题，都要求有明确的态度，是赞扬，还是反对，赞扬什么，反对什么，都要旗帜鲜明。

（三）有论证性对所提出的观点，要做必要的论证，使自己的观点为读者信服和接受，这是短评与读后感的主要区别之一。

（四）情理兼备短评既要求说理透辟，令人信服，也要求情辞恳切，给人以认同感。

由于竞争的公平性，考查评论时不可能出现影评，加上初中毕业生表达水平的限制，也极少出现文评。

最普遍的情况是材料短评(包括新闻短评)，即通过材料来评事、说理。

三、评论与论说文区别：（一）从篇幅上看，一般评论篇幅短小；（二）从内容上看，评论的针对性极强；（三）从结构上看，都要具备三要素。

四、题型：（一）作文的要求看，评论的题目分成两类。

1.大作文。

其字数在五六百字左右，要求是写“一篇”。

2.小作文，一般要求是“写一段××字左右的议论性文字”。

（二）从题目的表述看，评论的写作可分为两类。

1.显形评论。

即文题明确要求写成一篇评论。

2.隐形评论。

即可以写成评论，也可不写成评论。

如对新闻、对具有社会意义、教育意义的材料，文题要求“有针对性地发表一点看法”，那就既可以“感”，也可以“评”。

（三）从拟题的角度看，也有两种类型。

1.要求自己拟题。

绝大多数考场评论都要求自拟文题。

2.材料后已经给了题目，按题目写作即可。

五、短评写作常见错误（一）漫无边际对文章的分析和评价脱离了作家创作的目的和作品所产生的时代背景，脱离了作品实际，对作品进行漫无边际的分析，甚至把自己的一些猜测和没有证据的材料进行无限夸大。

（二）有失客观有些考生不能以正确的思想为理论基础，不能以辩证法为基本的分析方法，不能结合作品创作特有的艺术规律进行评价，而是根据个人之见，无限拔高或贬低文章的思想和观点。

一、怎样写人写人，是小学作文训练的基本功之一。

在记叙文中，人和事是不可分的，关键是看题目如何要求。

要求写事的题目，文中的人要为事服务；要求写人的题目，文中的事必须为人服务。

写人为主的记叙文，就是要通过一件或几件事，来表现人物一种或多种品质。

写人的继续文，叙事不要求完整；记事的记叙文，虚实要求完整，而且要贯穿文章始终。

（一）通过一件事来写人通过一件事来写人，通常是表现人物的一种品质或性格的一个方面。

为了刻画人物，对所写人物必须进行必要的外貌、语言、动作、心理等方面的描写。

但是，从以事写人这个角度来说，最好是选择一件最能反映此人某一特点的事，并把这件事写好。

在写事情的时候，要选择典型的事例。

所谓典型，就是能集中反映中心思想的事，能够表现人物的好思想、好品质、美好情感的事。

对小学生来说，选择典型事例，要着眼于小事，选择那些最能反映深刻意义的小事。

这样的事表面上看，都是普普通通的凡人小事，但是其中却蕴涵着深刻的意义，这就是我们常说的“小中见大”。

（二）通过几件事写人可以分成两种情况：以是用几件事表现某个人的一种品质；二是用几件事表现某个人的多种品质。

要注意：用几件事写人，这些事可以是完整的，作者必须把事情发生的时间、地点、人物、事件（起因、经过、结果），一一交代清楚，也可以是不完整的，只着重于某几点进行叙述。

更多的是在一篇文章中，有的事详写；有的事略写；有的事要求写得比较完整，有的事要求写得比较简单。

通过几件事写人，同样要对人物进行必要的外貌、行动、语言、心理的描写。

（三）学会刻画人物写人的文章要会在叙事的过程中，对最能表现人物思想感情、性格特点的外貌、语言、动作、心理活动等方面进行描写，也就是学会刻画人物。

1. 也叫肖像描写，是通过对人物的容貌、神情、衣着、姿态、语调、外貌特征的描写。

来揭示人物性格的一种方法。

人物的的外貌和人物内心世界密切的联系，具体说：通过外貌描写，使人物的形象更丰满，能给读者留下深刻印象；通过外貌描写，揭示人物的身份；通过外貌描写，展示人物在特定场合的内心世界；通过外貌描写，表现人物性格、精神面貌和思想品质。

【考点分析】一、什么是全命题作文全命题作文，就是按照命题者所提供的作文题目进行写作的一类作文。

这种作文题型的显著特点就是：作文的题目已经定，不用再自行确定文章的题目。

二、命题形式就具体的命题形式来讲，全命题作文主要有两种类型。

1．材料加题目型，即整个作文命题由“材料十题目十要求”三个部分组成。

这种类型的全命题作文题，材料可以帮助我们更好、更准确地理解题目，对我们立意及构思往往具有很好的提示作用，在审题时是不能不注意的。

那种不认真阅读材料就提笔写作的做法。

是一种审题不严肃的做法，是不值得提倡的。

2．纯题目型，即整个作文题由“题目十要求”两个部分组成。

这种类型的全命题作文题，简洁、干脆，它的立足点在于我们大家对于全命题作文题这种形式都非常熟悉，并且，题目本身往往也不存在什么审题障碍。

三、整体特点无论是哪种命题题型，出现在中考考场上的全命题作文，从整体上具有两个鲜明的特点。

1．题目固定，不允许另起炉灶、改换题目。

这也正是全命题作文与话题作文的一个最大的不同，话题作文的题目可以自拟。

2．选择空间仍较大。

现在一般来讲，对于写作的文体、材料、立意等常常并不做特殊的规定。

这样，给我们提供的写作自由选择的空间其实还是相当大的。

在具体的写作中，我们不能因为题目固定了而束己的手脚，而是要尽力发挥自己的才能，写出精彩佳作。

【技巧点拨】一、全面审清题意写好全命题作文，我们首先要做好的就是全面把握命题者所提供的题目的含义，这是写好全命题作文的一个最重要的前提。

如果题意没有审清、审准，那么我们写起来很可能出现的情况就是跑题。

这当然是中考考场上的大忌。

在审题中，一个重点就是要审关键词。

我们还要注意审清的是题目本身的限制。

比如文体要求、字数要求、避嫌要求等。

这些，也都是我们在写作文时所要注意的。

二、找好切入口正所谓题目是死的，人是活的。

全命题作文虽然表面上看对我们的写作增加了不少的限制，但是也要看到，全命题作文的天空也很广、很大。

高考作文分类指导一、三元思辨类【技法指导】总体原则：分析三元之间的关系，思考各元素之间有否轻重，可否合并，然后依照各元素之间的关系，按以下方法处理——策略一：一体两翼不少三元话题，其实是一体两翼的关系，即其中的一个话题，或为目标、目的、结果，或是另外两者的交集；而其余二元话题，往往为并列关系，同为指向目标、目的、结果的途径或条件。

此类关系只要突出其一的重要性，分析其余二元与它的关系，最后阐述三者之间的关系。

如“油门”“刹车”“方向盘”的启示，先阐释“方向盘”的重要性，以统领其余二元“油门”“刹车”；然后“花开两朵，各表一枝”，分述其余二元；最后阐述三者之间的关系。

策略二：喧宾托主很多三元话题，并非简单的并列关系，有些话题只是陪衬。

“权，然后知轻重”，因此在立意或展开话题时，要在比较、权衡的基础上对材料作出选择，学会取舍，详略得当。

如2022年全国甲卷“大观园试才题对额”（移用借用创造）三元之间，“自主创新”是重心，“移用”“化用”无非是衬托凸显“创新”，写作时，不必自始至终“点击”。

策略三：消元组合很多作文题中的三元话题，其实都有所侧重，不必面面俱到。

所以写作时，我们可淡化其中的不重要的话题，将其巧妙转化为熟悉的二元思辨话题作文，甚至单一的话题作文。

化繁为简，驾轻就熟。

如2022年新高考1卷的“本手”“妙手”“俗手”，那个“俗手”就是可以一语带过的“元”，顺势转为“本手”“妙手”的二元关系。

策略四：三足鼎立一般三元话题如果为时间上的顺承关系，或循序渐进，一般不宜取舍。

这时候，我们可采用“三足鼎立”策略，即每一部分都应展开，篇幅相当。

若舍弃某个一元话题，则思维链条就会断裂。

如审美三境：美，生活，思想的关系，三者并重，分开阐述。

【典型例题】例1 阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作，孔子说：“知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。

”《中庸》说：“知、仁、勇三者，天下之达德也。

”知，指智慧、才智；仁，指人与人相互友爱、互助、同情等；勇，指勇敢无畏的意志品质。

高考作文分类指导一、观点类观点型作文，顾名思义，就是材料里已经给出一个观点，让你根据这个观点写出一篇作文。

观点类材料作文主要有下列表现形式：1.材料直接提供观点。

2.材料先呈现事实，考生根据事实归纳出观点。

观点类材料作文，写得好不好，关键在于审题立意！观点类材料作文审题立意方法对于材料作文题型而言，审题立意是作文成功的关键一环。

审题不清，立意就不会准；立意不准，就会出现偏题、跑题等现象。

一、观点类材料作文的审题立意审题立意技法之一：解析关键词句材料中评议性语句或者试题要求中的提示性语言，往往就是关键词句。

抓住关键词句仔细解析是审题立意的突破口。

审题立意技法之二：提炼中心主旨这是写材料作文最为常见且最为稳妥的审题立意方法。

写材料作文时，如果能准确地提炼出材料的中心，并以其作为文章的主旨，一定会使所写文章既切题又有深度。

所以，写材料作文时应尽量采用这种方法来立意。

审题立意技法之三：探究事理寓意有些材料作文中的材料，出现较多的事物概念，或者以诗句的形式出现，或者概念本身带有一种比喻性或象征性的含义，那么，审题时必须充分捕捉这些语言信息，体会命题者的感情色彩和哲理倾向，这样才能根据命题者的感情倾向确立最佳的立意角度。

审题立意技法之四：因果分析（普遍联系）事物都是互相联系的。

有很多事物都是以因果关系的联系形式存在的。

写材料作文，审题时如果能由材料中列举的现象或结果推究出造成所列现象或结果的本质原因，往往能找到最佳的立意。

审题立意技法之五：辩证分析（对立统一）新材料作文中提供的对象、要素多是多元的，能从中抓住一对关系或一组矛盾来审题立意，不仅能扣题，而且往往被视为立意深刻。

审题立意技法之六：层层剖析（发展变化）（多向辐射、多角度）辩证分析（对比分析或异同分析）和层层剖析，尤其适合对多则材料进行立意。

而有的单则材料，有或隐或显的立意角度，有多种的对象要素提示，也可以运用“层层剖析”方法进行立意。

我们运用以上的一些方法对材料作文进行审题和立意时，可几种方法综合灵活运用，不可孤立地去硬套。