肝生化-临床
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①厦门大学附属第一医院 福建 厦门 361003通信作者:郑燕青肝功能生化检验在诊断肝炎肝硬化患者中的临床应用价值赵元勋① 郑燕青①【摘要】 目的:探讨肝功能生化检验在诊断肝炎肝硬化患者中的临床应用价值。
方法:选择2022年1—12月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的肝炎肝硬化患者60例,设为观察组,选择同时段入院进行体检的健康人士60例,设为对照组,均进行肝功能生化检验,比较研究对象的肝功能指标,与此同时对比观察组中不同肝功能患者的总胆汁酸(TBA)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、血清胆碱酯酶活性(CHE)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)等指标,统计观察组各级患者肝功能生化检验阳性检出率。
结果:与对照组比较,观察组TBA、GGT 指标均明显高,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),ALB、TC、CHE 指标均明显低,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。
在各级别肝炎肝硬化患者中,A 级与C 级患者的TBA、GGT、ALB、TC、CHE 差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),其中C 级患者TBA、GGT 最高,ALB、TC、CHE 最低,而B 级患者各项指标居中。
在阳性检出率方面,TC 检测在B 级、C 级患者中阳性检出率达到100%,CHE 指标则在所有肝炎肝硬化患者中的阳性检出率为100%。
结论:采用肝功能生化检验指标为肝炎肝硬化患者进行诊断,检测方便,可为疾病诊断及疾病发展程度提供参考。
【关键词】 肝功能生化检验 肝炎肝硬化 肝功能指标 阳性检出率 临床诊断 Clinical Value of Biochemical Examination of Liver Function in the Diagnosis of Hepatitis and Cirrhosis/ZHAO Yuanxun, ZHENG Yanqing. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(22): 127-131 [Abstract] Objective: To investigate the clinical application value of biochemical examination of liver function in the diagnosis of patients with hepatitis cirrhosis. Method: Sixty patients with hepatitis cirrhosis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January to December 2022 were selected as the observation group, and 60 healthy people admitted for physical examination at the same time were selected as the control group. Biochemical examination of liver function were performed on 120 subjects to compare liver function indexes of the subjects. At the same time, total bile acid (TBA), albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), serum cholinesterase activity (CHE), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and other indicators of patients with different liver functions in the observation group were compared. Finally, the positive detection rates of liver function biochemical examination of patients at all levels in the observation group were statistically analyzed. Result: Compared with the control group, TBA and GGT indexes were significantly higher than those in the observation group (P <0.05), and ALB, TC and CHE indexes were significantly lower (P <0.05). Among hepatitis cirrhosis patients of all levels, TBA, GGT, ALB, TC and CHE of grade A and grade C patients were significantly different (P <0.05), among which grade C patients had the highest TBA and GGT, and the lowest ALB, TC and CHE, while grade B patients were in the middle. In terms of positive detection rate, TC detection rate reached 100% in grade B and grade C patients, and CHE index detection rate was 100% in all patients with hepatitis cirrhosis. Conclusion: The biochemical test of liver function is used to diagnose patients with hepatitis cirrhosis. The detection is convenient and can provide reference for disease diagnosis and disease development. [Key words] Biochemical examination of liver function Hepatitis cirrhosis Liver function indexes Positive detection rate Clinical diagnosis First-author's address: The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.22.030 肝炎是临床上常见的疾病,主要因为患者受到肝炎病毒侵蚀感染而引发,一旦未得到及时有效的治疗,患者肝脏部位遭到炎症的长时间影响,功能性损伤,就会逐渐出现食欲减退、乏力、静脉曲张等症状,若不及时诊治,病情可能会发展至肝纤维化甚至肝硬化,严重影响人们生存质量和身体健康[1]。
ADA:主要存在于肝细胞胞浆水溶性部分,是嘌呤核苷酸循环中一种重要的酶,在核酸代谢中有重要意义。
临床意义:1)用于判断急性肝损伤及残留病变急性肝炎时ALT明显升高。
ADA仅低度,中度升高。
但重症肝炎发生酶胆分离时,尽管ALT不高,而ADA常明显升高。
急性肝炎后期ADA升高率高于ALT,其恢复正常时间也较后者迟,并与组织学恢复一致。
ALT恢复正常而ADA持续升高者,常易复发或易迁延为慢性肝炎。
2)协助诊断慢性肝病在反映慢性肝损伤时ADA较ALT为优。
慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌患者血清ADA活性显著升高,因而可判断慢性肝病的程度。
3)有助于肝纤维化的诊断肝纤维化程度增加,ADA活性增加。
4)有助于黄疸的鉴别阻塞性黄疸血清ADA活性明显低于肝细胞性黄疸及肝硬化伴黄疸。
LAP:广泛分布于人体各组织,以肝、胰、胆、肾、小肠及子宫肌层含量较丰富。
临床意义:有阻塞性黄疸及肝实质细胞受损害者,LAP均升高。
与碱性磷酸酶ALP意义相同,主要用于判断胆管阻塞和肝内占位性病变,但在患有骨骼疾病时ALP升高但LAP不升高。
MAO:广泛分布于肝、肾、胃、小肠及脑组织中的酶,在细胞内定位于线粒体膜外。
临床意义:血清MAO活性测定是检查肝纤维化病变的重要指标。
纤维化发生在汇管区之间或汇管中心区之间时,MAO活性明显增高,阳性率在80%以上;在假小叶周围有广泛纤维化形成时,则几乎全部增高,且升高同幅度最大。
5′-核苷酸酶的测定5′-核苷酸磷酸解酶(5′-Nucleotidase, 5′-NT)是一种特殊的磷酸水解酶,主要分布于心、肝、脑、肌肉、肾和肺,在肝内分布于胆小管、肝窦和Kupffev细胞,血清中血清5′-NT的升高主要用于肝胆疾病的诊断及肝胆疾病与其他疾病的鉴别诊断。
(1)5′-NT在血清中活性的升高主要见于肝胆系统疾病,以阻塞性黄疸、肝癌、肝炎、肝硬化为主,多数情况下其活性变化与ALP呈平行关系,但在骨骼系统疾病,5′-NT不升高,可作为鉴别诊断的指标。