高级英语最新版,课后习题与解析unit2

Unit TwoSection A Text OneThe Tell-Tale HeartI.Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, makingsome change when necessary.1. well up2. refrain from3. look in upon4. conceive5. rid…of6. dismembered7. by instinct8. at ease9. depute 10. at … length11. by degrees 12. chuckle 13. cut off 14. spring up 15. foul playII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1. dissimulate2. vexing3. hearty4. conceal5. cunningly6. distraction7. precautionary 8. pulsating 9. healthily 10. causelessIII. Paraphrase1.The disease had made my senses keener instead of ruining or weakening them.2.I was kindest to the old man during the week before I killed him.3.I spent an hour putting my head within the hole until I could see the old manlying upon his bed.4.I saw the eye very clearly. It was a pale blue with a terrible film over it thatmade me panicked/scared.5.The neighbor had suspected murder/crime and reported it to the police office,so the police officers were sent/appointed to search the house.IV. Test your general knowledge1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B6. C7. D8. A9. B 10. D11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. CV. Proofreading the following passageThere is at present a high degree of uncertainty about the roleof literature in a school foreign-language course. Changes in educationaland social conditions have shaken the once unquestioning status of 1. unquestioned literary study amongst our educational goals, and it also plays an ever∧problematic role in a new pattern of language teaching which aims 2. more primarily to impart practical communicative skills. Recent discussionsin advanced courses in schools have generally advocated less emphasis 3. about on literature in favor of language, and a revision of the principles governingthe selection of texts in order to include great consideration of pupil’s 4. greater actual ability, experience, and interests.Nevertheless, there is still comparative little clarity about what 5. comparatively role these texts should perform, and it is not uncommon to find a situationthat the teacher translates passages and dictates notes, in an examination 6. where-centered approach which largely ignores the deeper insights or skillsthat pupils might gain from their confrontation with literature. On theother hand, it is clearly not possibly to think in th\e terms of one singe role 7. the which literature should perform. A group of pupils aiming at a functional command of a language may read a modern novel because of its linguistic content, unless a group of future academic specialists may discuss the 8. while basic human issues portrayed in a classical play. These are the two different activities in two different situations, each equally justifiable in its ∧9. own context but not to be confused: different pupil’s aims require literature toserve different functions, which is best performed by different literary 10. are work.Section A Text TwoColonel CathcartI.Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making somechange when necessary1. backfire2. furious3. get on --- nerves4. insulate against5. vicissitudes6. indebted to7. embellish8. aptitude for9. take command of 10. impervious to 11. on the alert 12. contaminate 13. indispensable 14. enliven 15. apprehensionII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1.administrative2. unappeasable3. adroitly4. unswerving5. infallible6. pathetically7. overwhelming8. ingeniously9. affluence 10. displeasureIII. Translate the short paragraph paragraphs into Chinese卡思卡特上校聪明圆滑，事业一帆风顺，但却衣着邋遢，满腹忧愁。

Using languageⅠ.阅读理解AWhen I was nine yeas old, I loved to go fishing with my dad.But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything.I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.” I remember being even more upset then because, “I'm not a fish！” I didn't know how to think like a fish.Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant.So, I read some books on fish.And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings.I learned that a fish is a cold­blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade.Yet, fish don't have any eyelids (眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes ...The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sa lespeople.” But it didn't completely make sense.My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long­term services to pe ople much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will show you how in the following chapters.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

张汉熙版《高级英语》第二册 lesson 1 课后练习答案习题全解I.Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )Ⅱ.以下内容需要回复才能看到1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a fewfeet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty waterwas sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs areintroductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by;(American English) pay a visit4.blow in:burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light,fire,generator。

高级英语2第三版课后答案【篇一：高级英语第三版第二册课后翻译】in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

2. argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. there is no winning in conversation.争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。

交谈中没有胜负之说。

3. perhaps it is because of my upbringing in english pubs thati think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

4. i do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。

5. there is always resistance in the lower classes to anyattempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “english as it should be spoken .”下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

第二单元习题答案Ⅰ. Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third,through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

高级英语（第三版）第二册课后答案第一课：Exercise 1:1.The discovery of the Rosetta Stone was a significant event in the field of Egyptology.2.The Rosetta Stone played a crucial role in deciphering ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.3.The discovery of the Rosetta Stone shed light on the history and culture of ancient Egypt.4.The Rosetta Stone is currently on display at the British Museum in London.5.The Rosetta Stone is inscribed with a decree issued6. King Ptolemy V.Exercise 2:1.ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs2.ancient Greek3.the British Museum4.196 BC5.King Ptolemy V6.stone slab7.mysterious symbols8.inscribed message第二课：Exercise 1:1.The Industrial Revolution transformed society2. introducing new manufacturing processes.3.The Industrial Revolution led to urbanization as people moved to cities to find work.4.The Industrial Revolution brought about significant technological advancements.5.The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the global economy.6.The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century in Britn.Exercise 2:1.manufacturing processes2.urbanization3.technological advancements4.global economyte 18th century6.Britn7.significant impact8.transformed society第三课：Exercise 1:1.The theory of evolution is widely accepted in the scientific community.2.Charles Darwin is credited with developing the theory of evolution.3.Natural selection is an essential component of the theory of evolution.4.The theory of evolution explns how species adapt and change over time.5.The theory of evolution has revolutionized our understanding of the natural world.Exercise 2:1.theory of evolution2.scientific community3.Charles Darwin4.natural selection5.species adaptation6.change over time7.revolutionized understanding8.natural world第四课：Exercise 1:1.Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires immediate attention.2.Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, contribute to climate change.3.The rise in global temperatures is one of the major impacts of climate change.4.Climate change leads to more frequent and severe natural disasters.5.Mitigation and adaptation strategies are essential inaddressing climate change.Exercise 2:1.pressing global issue2.immediate attention3.burning fossil fuels4.global temperatures5.major impacts6.natural disasters7.mitigation strategies8.adaptation strategies以上是《高级英语（第三版）第二册》的课后答案。

高中英语必修2新课标unit2答案解析Unit 2 of the High School English Compulsory Curriculum forthe New Curriculum Standard typically focuses on various themes such as family, relationships, and communication.Here's a comprehensive answer analysis for a hypothetical set of questions that might be found in this unit:Vocabulary Exercises1. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Form of the Word Given: - The cherished memories of my childhood are cherishing to me.- She cherished the hope that one day she would become a successful writer.2. Synonyms and Antonyms:- Synonym for "cherish": treasure- Antonym for "cherish": despise3. Complete the Sentences with the Appropriate Phrasal Verb:- After years of hard work, she finally broke through to success.- He decided to look back on his past to understand his present.Reading Comprehension1. True or False Questions:- The article states that family is the most important institution in society. (True)- The author believes that technology has a negative impact on family relationships. (False)2. Answer the Following Questions in Your Own Words:- How does the author describe the role of family in a person's life?- The author describes family as a source of support, love, and personal growth, shaping a person's values and identity.3. Identify the Main Idea of Each Paragraph:- Paragraph 1: The importance of family in society and its influence on individuals.- Paragraph 2: The different types of relationships within a family and their significance.- Paragraph 3: The challenges modern families face and how they can be overcome.Grammar Focus1. Use the Correct Form of the Verb in the Sentences:- She has been studying English for three years.- They have been living in this city since 2010.2. Rewrite the Sentences Using the Passive Voice:- The letter was written by him yesterday.- The cake is being baked for the party.Listening Practice1. Fill in the Blanks with the Information Provided in the Audio:- The family reunion is scheduled for next Sunday.- The speaker missed the train because of the traffic.2. Answer the Questions Based on the Audio:- What is the main topic of the conversation?- The main topic is planning for the upcoming family reunion.- How does the speaker feel about the reunion?- The speaker is excited but also a bit anxious about seeing distant relatives.Writing Task- Write a short essay on the importance of maintaining family traditions in modern society.- Begin with an introduction that outlines the significance of family traditions.- Discuss how family traditions can strengthen family bonds and preserve cultural heritage.- Provide examples of family traditions that are meaningful to you.- Conclude by emphasizing the need to adapt and carry forward family traditions in the face of societal changes.Cultural Notes- Explore the cultural significance of family in different societies.- Discuss the role of family in shaping individual and collective identities.- Reflect on how cultural practices and values are passed down through generations within a family.Please note that the content above is a hypothetical example and may not correspond to an actual textbook or curriculum. The actual content of Unit 2 will vary depending on the specific textbook and curriculum being used.。

高级英语2第三版课后paraphrase原文与答案清晰版conversation．Lesson 1 Lesson 21 ．And it is an activity only of 1. The burying--ground is merelyhumans. a huge waste of hummocky earth,And it is a human unique activity ．like a derelict building-lot.2 ．Conversation is not for making The burying-ground is just a hugeapoint . piece of wasteland full of moundsConversation is not to convince of earth, looking like a desertedothers ．construction land.3 ．In fact, the best 2. All colonial empires are inconversationalists are those who reality founded upon that fact.are prepared to be lose. All colonial empires are built byIn fact, the best conversationalists exploiting the local people.are those who are willing to be 3. They rise out of the earth, theylose. sweat and starve for a few years,4.Bar friends are not deeply and then they sink back into theinvolved in each other ’ slives. nameless mounds of theBar friends are notdeeply graveyard.concerned with eachother ’s They are born. Then they work hardprivate lives. without enough food for a few5....it could still go ignorantly years. Finally they die and areon... buried in the hills graves withoutThe conversationcould go on any mark to identify them.without anybody knowing who was 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged atright or wrong ．a prehistoric lathe, turning6. There are cattle in the field, chair-legs at lighting speed.but we sit down to beef. A carpenter sits crossing his legs at These animals are called cattle in an old-fashioned lathe, makingEnglish, when they are alive and round chair-legs very fast.feeding in thefields ；but when we 5. Instantly, from thedark holessit down at the table toeat, we callalfrtheir meat beef inFrench ．ru7. The new ruling class hadbuilt aImoucultural barrieragainst him bythnebuilding their French against hisinmaownlanguage .6.onThe new ruling class had causedcilethe cultural contradictionsimlubetween the ruling class and nativeEvcoEnglish by regarding Frenchthsosuperior toEnglish.of8.English had come royally intopoafitsown.7.alEnglish had gained recognition byfacotheKing ．Ho9 ． The phrase has always beenEuinused a little pejoratively and even wa facetiously by the lower classes.8.onThe phrase, theking’s Englishhaseyalways been used disrespectfullythbeand made fun by the lower classes.Aga10. The rebellionagainst atrcocultural dominance is still there.nocaThere is still oppositionto culturalsepemonopoly.9.ru11.There is always agreatchDidanger“words willharden Arinto things forus ”NochWe tend to make the mistakethattrslwe regard the thingsas they10threpresent. people the reality of life is an12. Even with the most educated endless, back-breaking struggleand the mostliterate, the King ’ s to wring a little food out of anEnglish slips andslides in eroded soil.conversati on. The real life of nine-tenths of theEven the most educated and people is that there is no end toliterated people will not always use their extremely hard work in orderthe formal English in their to get a little food froman erodedsoil ．11.She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as abeast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she should work like an animal ．12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People who have brown skins are almost invisible ．13.Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms...The soldiers wore second—handkhaki uniforms which covered theirbeautiful well —built bodies ．14.How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? How long will it takefor them to attack us?15.Every white manthere had this thoughtstowed somewhereor other in his mind.It is certain thatevery white manrealized this.Lesson31.And yet the samerevolutionary belieffor which our forebearsfought is still atissue around theglobe...And yet the samerevolutionary beliefwhich is the aim of ourancestors is still indispute around the world.2.This much wepledge--and more.This much we promise todo and we promise to domore.3.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.If we are united, there is almostnothing we can not do through a lot of cooperation.4. But this peaceful revolution ofhope cannot become the prey ofhostile powers.But this peaceful revolution whichcan bring hope in a peaceful way can not fall victims to enemycountry.5. .... Our last best hope in an agewhere the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of pace...The United Nations is our last andbest hope in the era where means of launching war have far surpassed means of keeping peace.6. ...to enlarge the area in whichits writ may run...to increase the area where the UN ’s written documents may be effective.7....before the dark powers ofdestruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned oraccidental self-destruction... before the evil atomweapon made possible by science destroy allhuman beings in aplanned way or byaccident.8...yet both racing toalter that uncertainbalance of terror thatstays the hand of mankind ’s final war... However both trying to change thatunstable balance of weapons and this balance of weaponscould prevent humanbeings from launchingtheir final war.9.So let us begin anew, remembering on bothsides thatcivility is not a sign of weakness.. . So let us begin onceagain to realize that politeness does notmean weakness.10.Let both sidesseek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.I suggest both sides tryto use science to make wonders for human beingsrather than terrors.11. ...each generationof Americans has been summoned to givetestimony to itsnational loyalty.There are Americans fromevery generation whoanswer the call of thecountry to prove theirloyalty to the country.12.With a goodconscience our only sure reward, with history thefinal judge of our deeds, let us go forth tolead the land welove...Our certain reward isour good conscienceand history will judgeour deeds, therefore, let us try to be pioneers in building our beloved country. Unit51.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections tothe middle-aged...At the very mention of this postwarperiod ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejectionof Victoriangentility was ,in anycase ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement. 3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agentin this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure...The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victoriansocial structure. 4...it wastempted ,in Americaat least, to escapeits responsibilitiesand retreatbehind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication...In America atleast,the young people were strongly inclinedto shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibitionafforded the youngthe additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit...The young found greater pleasure in drinking because Prohibition, bymaking drinking unlawful,added a senseof adventure.6...our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight inthe war.7....they “wanted to get into thefun before the whole thing turned belly up. ”The young wanted to take part in theglorious adventure before the whole ended.8...they had outgrown towns and families.. . These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns ortheir families.9..the returningveteran also had toface thesodden,Napoleonic cynicism ofVersailles,thehypocritical do-goodismof Prohibition...The returning veteranalso had to face thestupid cynicism of thevictorious allies inVersailles who acted ascynically as Napoleondid,and to faceProhibition which thelawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in thetension-ridden youth ofAmerica had to“give ”...(Under all this force and pressure)something in the youth of America,who were already very tense ,had to break down.11....it was only naturalthat hopeful young writers , their minds andpens inflamed againstwar, Babbittry, and“Puritanical”gentility, shouldflock to thetraditional artistic center...It was only natural thathopeful youngwriters ,whose minds andwritings were full ofviolent anger against war, Babbittry,and“ Puritanical ”gentility,should come inlargen numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artisticcenter.12.Each town had its “fast ”set which prided itself on itself on its unconventionality... Each town was proud that it had a group ofwild ,recklesspeople,wholived unconventional lives.Unit71.With a clamor ofbells that set theswallows soaring, theFestiva l of Summercame to the city Omelas.The loud ringing of thebells, whic h sent thefrightened swallows flying high, marked thebeginning of t heFestival of Summer inOmelas.2...Their high callsrising like the swallows ’crossing flights over the music and singsing. The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music a nd singing like the calls of the swal lows flying by overhead.3. ..Exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because t he horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the contr olof the riders.4.Given a description such as thi s one tends to make certain assu mptions.After reading the above descriptio n the reader is likely to assume cer tain things.5.This is the treasonof artist: a r efusalto admit the banalityof evil and the terribleboredom of pai n.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very du ll and uninteresting.6.They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives we renot wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of inte nse feelings and they were not mis erable people.7. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bi ds, assuming it will rise to the oc casion.Perhaps it would be best if the rea der pictures Omelas to himself as hisimagination tells him, assuming his imaginationwill be equal to th e task.8.The faint insistent sweetness o f drooz may perfume the way ofthe city.The faint but compelling sweet sce nt of the drug drooz may fill the st reets of the city.9.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear,malnutrition and neglect. Perhaps the child was mentally ret arded becauseit was born so or pe rhapsit has become very foolish and stupid because offear, poor no urishmentand neglect.10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatm ent.The habits of the childare so crud e anduncultured that it willshow no sign ofimprovement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.11.Their tears atthe bitter injust icedry when they begin to perce ive the terrible justice of reality, andto accept it.They shed tears when they see ho w terribly unjust they have been tothe child, but these tearsdry up w hen they realize how just andfair t hough terrible reality was.Unit81.....below the noisy arguments ,the abuse and thequarrels , there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling...The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other ,but there still exists alot of natural sympathetic feelings for each other in their hearts.2....at heart they would like totake a whip to thewhole idletroublesome mob of them. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whipall the workers whom they regard as lazy and troublesome.3...there are notmany of these men , either on the boardor the shop floor... There are not many snarling shop stewards in the workshop,nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of directors.4.It demandsbigness ,and theyare suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything should be done on a big scale and the English do not trust bigness.5.Against this , atleastsuperficially ,Englishness seems a poorshadowy show...At least on thesurface ,whenEnglishness is putagainst the powerand success ofAdmass , Englishnessseems to put up arather poorperformance.6....while Englishness isnothostile to change,itis deeply suspiciousof change for changes sake...Englishness is not againstchange,but it believes thatchanging justfor chan ge ’ s sake andnot otheruseful purposes is verywrong andharmful.7.To put cars and motorwaysbefore houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility. To regard cars andmotorways as moreimportant than housesseems to Englishness apublic stupidity.8.I must add that while Englishness can still fighton ,Admass could bewinning. I must furthersay that whileEnglishness can go onfighting, there is agreat possibility forAdmass to win.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,andsoon it may be asking foran overdraft. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moraland ethical principles ,and soon it may be asking for strength which thisreservoir of principlescannot provide.10 .They probably believe ,as I do ,that the Admass ”Good Life ”is a fraud on all counts.There people probablybelieve ,as I do,that the“ Good Life ”promised by Admass is false and dishonestin all respects.11...he will not evenfind much satisfactionin this scrounging messy existence, which doesnothing for a man ’s self-respect.He will not even find much satisfaction in this untidyand disordered life wherehe manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.12.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people considerthe House of Commons asa place rather far away from them where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matters.13...heavy hands canfall on the shouldersthat have been shrugging away politics.They were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrestedand thrown into prison. Unit101. It is a complex fateto be an A merican.The fate of an American is complic’ated and hard to understand.2...they were no moreat home in Europe thanI was.They were uneasy anduncomforta ble in Europeas I was.3...we were bothsearching for o urseparate identities.They were all trying to findtheir o wn special individualities.4.I do not thinkthat could have madethis reconciliationhere.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status witho ut feeling ashamed.5...it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupa tions to intermingle and have soci al intercourse.6. A man can be asproud of bein g a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feelthreatened. In Europe a good wait er and a good actor are equally pr oudof their social status and posit ion. They are not jealous of each o ther and do not live in fear oflosing their position.7. I was born in NewYork, but ha ve livedonly in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have liv ed only in some small areas of the city.8.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valua ble.The reconsideration of the signific ance and importance of many thin gs that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, tho ugh very valuable.9.On this acceptance, literally, th e life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends o n his accepting the fact that no ma tter where he goes or what he doe s he will always carry the marks of his origins.10.American writers do nothavea fixed society todescribe. American writerslive in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.11..Every society is really governed by hidden laws, byunspoken b ut profound assumptions on thepart of the people.Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and b y many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, th ough not openly spoken about.。

conversation ．soil ．Lesson 1 Lesson 2 11. She accepted her status as an1．And it is an activity only of 1. The burying--ground is merely old woman, that is to say as ahumans. a huge waste of hummocky earth, beast of burden.And it is a human unique activity ．like a derelict building-lot. She took it for granted that as an 2．Conversation is not for making The burying-ground is just a huge old woman she should work like ana point. piece of wasteland full of mounds animal ．Conversation is not to convince of earth, looking like a deserted 12.People with brown skins areothers ．construction land. next door to invisible.3．In fact, the best 2. All colonial empires are in People who have brown skins are conversationalists are those who reality founded upon that fact. almost invisible ．are prepared to be lose. All colonial empires are built by 13. Their splendid bodies wereIn fact, the best conversationalists exploiting the local people. hidden in reach-me-down khakiare those who are willing to be 3. They rise out of the earth, they uniforms...lose. sweat and starve for a few years, The soldiers wore second —hand 4.Bar friends are not deeply and then they sink back into the khaki uniforms which covered theirinvolved in each other ’s lives. nameless mounds of the beautiful well —builtbodies ．Bar friends are not deeply graveyard. 14. How long beforethey turn concerned with each other ’s They are born. Then they work hard their guns in the otherdirection? private lives. without enough food for a few How long will it take forthem to5....it could still go ignorantly years. Finally they die and are attack us?on... buried in the hills graves without 15. Every white man there hadThe conversation could go on any mark to identify them. this thought stowed somewherewithout anybody knowing who was 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at or other in his mind.right or wrong ． a prehistoric lathe, turning It is certain that every white man6. There are cattle in the field, chair-legs at lighting speed. realized this.but we sit down to beef. A carpenter sits crossing his legs at Lesson3These animals are called cattle in an old-fashioned lathe, making 1.And yet the same revolutionaryEnglish, when they are alive and round chair-legs very fast. belief for which our forebearsfeeding in the fields ；but when we 5. Instantly, from the dark holes fought is still at issue around thesit down at the table to eat, we call all round, there was a frenzied globe...their meat beef in French ．rush of Jews. And yet the same revolutionary7. The new ruling class had built a Immediately, Jews rushed out of belief which is the aim of ourcultural barrier against him by their dark hole-like rooms nearby ancestors is still in dispute aroundbuilding their French against his in a frenzy madness. the world.own language . 6.every one of them looks on a 2. This much we pledge--andThe new ruling class had caused cigarette as a more or less more.the cultural contradictions impossible luxury. This much we promise to do andbetween the ruling class and native Every one of these Jews considers we promise to do more.English by regarding French the cigarette as a somewhat piece 3. United, there is little we cannotsuperior to English. of luxury which they can not do in a host of cooperative8.English had come royally into possibly afford. ventures.its own. 7. Still, a white skin is always If we are united, there is almostEnglish had gained recognition by fairly conspicuous. nothing we can not do through athe King ．However, a white-skinned lot of cooperation.9．The phrase has always been European is easy to notice in a fair 4. But this peaceful revolution ofused a little pejoratively and even way. hope cannot become the prey of facetiously by the lower classes. 8. In a tropical landscape one ’s hostile powers.The phrase, the king ’s English has eye takes in everything except But this peaceful revolution whichalways been used disrespectfully the human being. can bring hope in a peaceful wayand made fun by the lower classes. Against the background of a can not fall victims to enemy10. The rebellion against a tropical landscape, people could country.cultural dominance is still there. notice everything but they cannot 5. .... Our last best hope in an ageThere is still opposition to cultural see local people. where the instruments of warmonopoly. 9. No one would think of running have far outpaced the 11.There is always a great cheap trips to the Distressed instruments of pace... danger that“words will harden Areas The United Nations is our last andinto things for us ”No one would propose the cheap best hope in the era where meansWe tend to make the mistake that trips to the slums ．of launching war have farwe regard the things as they 10 ．...for nine-tenths of the surpassed means of keeping peace. represent. people the reality of life is an 6. ...to enlarge the area in which12. Even with the most educated endless, back-breaking struggle its writ may run...and the most literate, the King ’s to wring a little food out of an to increase the area where the UN ’English slips and slides in eroded soil. s written documents may be conversation. The real life of nine-tenths of the effective.Even the most educated and people is that there is no end to 7....before the dark powers ofliterated people will not always use their extremely hard work in order destruction unleashed by sciencethe formal English in their to get a little food from an eroded engulf all humanity in planned or---accidental self-destruction... sophistication... lived unconventional lives.before the evil atom weapon made In America at least,the youngpossible by science destroy all people were strongly inclined to Unit7human beings in a planned way or shirk their responsibilities. They 1. With a clamor of bells that setby accident. pretended to be worldly-wise, the swallows soaring, the Festiva 8...yet both racing to alter that drinking and behaving naughtily. l of Summer came to the city Om uncertain balance of terror that 5.Prohibition afforded the young elas.stays the hand of mankind ’s final the additional opportunity of The loud ringing of the bells, whic war... However both trying to making their pleasures illicit... h sent the frightened swallows flyi change that unstable balance of The young found greater pleasure ng high, marked the beginning of t weapons and this balance of in drinking because Prohibition, by he Festival of Summer in Omelas. weapons could prevent human making drinking unlawful,added a 2. ..Their high calls rising like the beings from launching their final sense of adventure. swallows ’crossing flights over t war. 6...our young men began to enlist he music and singsing.7. So let us begin anew, under foreign flags. The shouting of the children could remembering on both sides that Our young men joined the armies be heard clearly above the music a civility is not a sign of weakness.. . of foreign countries to fight in the nd singing like the calls of the swal So let us begin once again to war. lows flying by overhead.realize that politeness does not 7....they “wanted to get into the 3. ..Exercised their restive horses mean weakness. fun before the whole thing before the race.8. Let both sides seek to invoke turned belly up. ”The riders were putting the horsesthe wonders of science instead of The young wanted to take part in through some exercises because t its terrors. the glorious adventure before the he horses were eager to startI suggest both sides try to use whole ended. and stubbornly resisting the contr science to make wonders for 8...they had outgrown towns and ol of the riders.human beings rather than terrors. families.. . 4. Given a description such as thi 9. ...each generation of These young people could no s one tends to make certain assu Americans has been summoned longer adapt themselves to lives in mptions.to give testimony to its national their hometowns or their families. After reading the above descriptio loyalty. 9..the returning veteran also had n the reader is likely to assume cer There are Americans from every to face the sodden,Napoleonic tain things.generation who answer the call of cynicism of Versailles,the 5. This is the treason of artist: a r the country to prove their loyalty hypocritical do-goodism of efusal to admit the banality of evto the country. Prohibition... il and the terrible boredom of pai 10. With a good conscience our The returning veteran also had to n.only sure reward, with history the face the stupid cynicism of the An artist betrays his trust when he final judge of our deeds, let us go victorious allies in Versailles who does not admit that evil is nothing forth to lead the land we love... acted as cynically as Napoleon fresh nor novel and pain is very du Our certain reward is our good did,and to face Prohibition which ll and uninteresting.conscience and history will judge the lawmakers hypocritically 6. They were nature, intelligent,our deeds, therefore, let us try to assumed would do good to the passionate adults whose lives we be pioneers in building our people. re not wretched.beloved country. 10.Something in the They were fully developed and inte Unit5 tension-ridden youth of America lligent grown-up people full of inte 1.The slighted mention of the had to “give ”... nse feelings and they were not mis decade brings nostalgic (Under all this force and erable people.recollections to the pressure)something in the youth of 7. Perhaps it would be best if you middle-aged... America,who were already very imagined it as your own fancy biAt the very mention of this postwar tense ,had to break down. ds, assuming it will rise to the oc period ,middle-aged people begin 11 ....it was only natural that casion.to think about it longingly. hopeful young writers , their Perhaps it would be best if the rea 9.The rejection of Victorian minds and pens inflamed against der pictures Omelas to himself as gentility was , in any war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical ”his imagination tells him, assuming case ,inevitable . gentility, should flock to the his imagination will be equal to th In any case,an American could not traditional artistic center... e task.avoid casting aside middle-class It was only natural that hopeful 8. The faint insistent sweetness o respectability and affected young writers ,whose minds and f drooz may perfume the way of refinement. writings were full of violent anger the city.10.The war acted merely as a against war, Babbittry,and The faint but compelling sweet sce catalytic agent in this breakdown “Puritanical ”gentility,should nt of the drug drooz may fill the st of the Victorian social structure... come in largen numbers to live in reets of the city.The war only helped to speed up Greenwich Village, the traditional 9. Perhaps it was born defective, the breakdown of the Victorian artistic center. or perhaps it has become imbecil social structure. 12.Each town had its “fast ”set e through fear, malnutrition and 4...it was tempted ,in America at which prided itself on itself on its neglect.least, to escape its unconventionality... Perhaps the child was mentally ret responsibilities and retreat Each town was proud that it had a arded because it was born so or pe behind an air of naughty alcoholic group of wild ,reckless people,who rhaps it has become very foolish a---nd stupid because of fear, poor no before houses seems to wn special individualities.urishment and neglect. Englishness a communal 4. I do not think that could have11. Its habits are too uncouth for imbecility. made this reconciliation here.it to respond to humane treatm To regard cars and motorways as I don't think I could have acceptedent. more important than houses in America my Negro status withoThe habits of the child are so crud seems to Englishness a public ut feeling ashamed.e and uncultured that it will show stupidity. 5...it is easier to cut across socialno sign of improvement even if it i 8.I must add that while and occupational lines there thans treated kindly and tenderly. Englishness can still fight it is here.12. Their tears at the bitter injust on ,Admass could be winning. It is easier in Europe for people ofice dry when they begin to perce I must further say that while different social groups and occupaive the terrible justice of reality, Englishness can go on fighting, tions to intermingle and have sociand to accept it. there is a great possibility for al intercourse.They shed tears when they see ho Admass to win. 6. A man can be as proud of beinw terribly unjust they have been to 9.It must have some moral g a good waiter as of being a gothe child, but these tearsdry up w capital to draw upon,and soon it od actor, and in neither case feelhen they realize how just and fair t may be asking for an overdraft. threatened. In Europe a good wait hough terrible reality was. Englishness draws its strength from er and a good actor are equally pra reservoir of strong moral and oud of their social status and posit Unit8ethical principles ,and soon it may ion. They are not jealous of each o11.....below the noisy arguments , be asking for strength which this ther and do not live in fear oflosin the abuse and the quarrels , there reservoir of principles cannot g their position.is a reservoir of instinctive provide. 7. I was born in New York, but hafellow-feeling... 10 .They probably believe ,as I do , ve lived only in pockets of it.The English people may hotly that the Admass ”Good Life ”is a I was born in New York but have livargue and abuse and quarrel with fraud on all counts. ed only in some small areas of theeach other , but there still exists a There people probably believe ,as I city.lot of natural sympathetic feelings do,that the “Good Life ”promised 8. This reassessment, which canfor each other in their hearts. by Admass is false and dishonest in be very painful, is also very valua 12....at heart they would like to all respects. ble.take a whip to the whole idle 11...he will not even find much The reconsideration of the signific troublesome mob of them. satisfaction in this scrounging ance and importance of many thinWhat the wealthy employers would messy existence, which does gs that one had taken for granted ireally like to do is to whip all the nothing for a man ’s self-respect. n the past can be very painful, thoworkers whom they regard as lazy He will not even find much ugh very valuable.and troublesome. satisfaction in this untidy and 9. On this acceptance, literally, th13...there are not many of these disordered life where he manages e life of a writer depends.men , either on the board or the to live as a parasite by sponging on The life of a writer really depends oshop floor... people. This kind of life does not n his accepting the fact that no maThere are not many snarling shop help a person to build up any tter where he goes or what he doestewards in the workshop,nor are self-respect. s he will always carry the marks ofthere many cruel wealthy 12.To them the House of his origins.employers on the board of Commons is a remote 10. American writers do not have directors. squabbling-shop. a fixed society to describe.14.It demands bigness ,and they These people consider the House American writers live in a mobile sare suspicious of bigness. of Commons as a place rather far ociety where nothing is fixed, so thThe contemporary world demands away from them where some ey do not have a fixed society to dthat everything should be done on people are always quarreling and escribe.a big scale and the English do not arguing over some small matters. 11..Every society is really governetrust bigness. 13...heavy hands can fall on the d by hidden laws, by unspoken b15.Against this , at least shoulders that have been ut profound assumptions on the superficially ,Englishness seems a shrugging away politics. part of the people.poor shadowy show... They were very wrong to ignore Every society is influenced and d At least on the surface ,when politics for they can now suddenly irected by hidden laws, and by Englishness is put against the and for no reason be arrested and many things deeply felt andpower and success of Admass , thrown into prison. taken for granted by the people, th Englishness seems to put up a Unit10 ough not openly spoken about.rather poor performance. 1. It is a complex fate to be an A16....while Englishness is not merican.hostile to change,it is deeply The fate of an American is complicsuspicious of change for change ’ated and hard to understand.s sake... 2...they were no more at home inEnglishness is not against change, Europe than I was.but it believes that changing just They were uneasy and uncomfortafor change ’s sake and not other ble in Europe as I was.useful purposes is very wrong and 3...we were both searching for oharmful. ur separate identities.17.To put cars and motorways They were all trying to find their o---。

高级英语Lesson2（BooK2）Marrakech课后练习级问题详解EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following pa ragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, thefarmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, whobow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank: fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say –he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hindlegs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing withthem Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil;(e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are pa rtly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone wastaking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece。