Grammar Revise the verb tenses( including the present perfect continous tense)

八年级常考知识点英语总结As a student in eighth grade, there are many important knowledge points to master in English. In this article, we will summarize these key points to help students more effectively prepare for exams and achieve success in English.1. GrammarAs students progress through their English studies, grammar becomes an increasingly important component. Some key grammar concepts that are frequently tested in eighth grade include:- Subject-verb agreement- Pronoun-antecedent agreement- Sentence structure (including simple, compound, complex sentences)- Verb tenses (including past, present, and future)- Modal auxiliary verbs (such as can, could, should, must)- Articles (a, an, the)- Prepositions and prepositional phrasesTo improve your grammar skills, it's important to practice identifying and correcting errors in sentences. English grammar worksheets and quizzes can also be helpful tools for strengthening your understanding of these key concepts.2. VocabularyAnother crucial component of English is vocabulary. To do well on exams, it's important to have a strong grasp of commonly used words and phrases, as well as synonyms and antonyms. Some helpful strategies for building your vocabulary include:- Reading widely: exposure to a variety of texts can help you learn new words and see them used in context- Using flashcards: create flashcards with new words and quiz yourself regularly- Keeping a vocabulary journal: write down new words you encounter and their definitions3. Reading comprehensionReading comprehension is an essential skill for success in English exams. To improve your abilities in this area, it's important to practice reading passages and answering questions about them. Some key strategies for improving reading comprehension include:- Reading actively: engage with the text by highlighting key information, taking notes, and asking yourself questions as you read- Summarizing: after reading a passage, try to summarize the main ideas in your own words- Inferring: use clues in the text to make educated guesses about information that is not directly stated4. WritingWriting is another important component of English, and eighth grade students are often required to write essays, stories, and argumentative pieces. Some key strategies for improving your writing skills include:- Planning: take time to think about your topic and brainstorm ideas before beginning to write- Organizing: create an outline or graphic organizer to help structure your writing- Revising: once you've written a draft, go back and revise it for clarity, coherence, and logical progression of ideas- Editing: check your writing for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors5. Speaking and ListeningFinally, speaking and listening are important skills to develop in English. Some key strategies for improving in these areas include:- Participating in class discussions: actively contribute your thoughts and ideas in group discussions and activities- Practicing pronunciation: listen carefully to how words are pronounced and practice saying them aloud- Listening actively: focus on the information being conveyed in a conversation or presentation, and ask questions to clarify your understandingBy mastering these key knowledge points, eighth grade students can achieve success in their English studies and prepare themselves for success in high school and beyond. With consistent practice and dedication, anyone can improve their English skills and achieve their goals.。

Grammar—Revise the Appositive(words，phrases and clauses)语法感知感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.2．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.3．Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years，half the length of the life of the original sheep.1．以上句子中黑体部分是同位语，同位语可以由名词、代词、数词、名词性短语或句子充当。

2．句1和句2由句子充当同位语；而句3由短语充当同位语。

3．句1和句2都是由陈述句作同位语，由that引导。

语法精析一、同位语(the Appositive)1．定义：同位语是句子成分的一种，它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、数词、名词性短语或从句充当。

2．同位语的表现形式：(1)名词、代词、数词、名词性短语等在句中作同位语。

I myself will do the experiment.(反身代词)我将亲自做这项实验。

She is the oldest among them six.(数词)她是他们6人中年纪最大的。

Tu Youyou，a famous scientist，comes from China.(名词性短语)屠呦呦，一位著名科学家，来自中国。

(2)从句在句中作同位语。

He told me the news that the plane had exploded.(从句)他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。

(3)由such as，that is，of，or等引导的同位语。

The city of Beijing has greatly changed since 2000.自2000年以来，北京市发生了巨大的变化。

英语系统化知识点总结1. GrammarGrammar is a set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in any given natural language. In English, the basic elements of grammar include:- Parts of speech: English consists of eight parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech serves a specific function in a sentence, and understanding their usage is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences.- Sentence structure: English sentences generally follow a subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, but there are various sentence patterns and structures, such as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Understanding these structures is crucial for effective communication.- Verb tense and aspect: English has 12 major verb tenses, including simple present, simple past, simple future, present continuous, past continuous, future continuous, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, and future perfect continuous. Additionally, English verbs can also express aspect, such as progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive.- Subject-verb agreement: Ensuring that subjects and verbs agree in number and person is a fundamental aspect of English grammar. Problems with subject-verb agreement can lead to confusion and miscommunication.- Articles and determiners: English articles (a, an, the) and determiners (this, that, these, those) play a crucial role in specifying and identifying nouns. Understanding their usage is important for conveying accurate information.- Pronouns: Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in a sentence. English pronouns include personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.2. VocabularyVocabulary refers to the words and phrases used in a particular language. Building a strong and varied vocabulary is essential for effective communication in English. Key aspects of English vocabulary include:- Word formation: English words can be formed through various processes, such as derivation, compounding, conversion, and affixation (prefixes and suffixes). Understanding these processes can help learners expand their vocabulary.- Synonyms and antonyms: Synonyms are words that have similar meanings, while antonyms are words with opposite meanings. Expanding one's knowledge of synonyms and antonyms can enhance the precision and richness of one's language use.- Collocations: Collocations are words that commonly occur together based on natural language usage. Learning common collocations can help learners use English more fluently and idiomatically.- Idioms and expressions: Idioms are phrases or expressions with meanings that cannot be understood from the individual words that comprise them. Familiarity with English idioms and expressions can enrich one's language use and cultural understanding.- Word families: English words can belong to the same family based on their common root. Understanding word families can help learners recognize related words and expand their vocabulary more efficiently.3. Reading ComprehensionReading comprehension is the ability to understand and interpret written texts. Proficiency in reading comprehension is crucial for academic success and professional development. Key components of reading comprehension in English include:- Text structure: English texts can have various structures, such as narrative, expository, persuasive, and descriptive. Understanding the structure of a text can aid in interpreting its content.- Skimming and scanning: Skimming involves quickly reading a text to gain a general understanding of its content, while scanning involves searching for specific information within a text. Both skills are essential for efficient reading comprehension.- Inference: Making inferences involves using clues in the text to deduce information that is not explicitly stated. This skill requires critical thinking and an understanding of context.- Summarizing: Summarizing a text involves condensing its key points into a brief and coherent form. This skill is important for extracting and retaining essential information from a text.- Critical thinking: Critical thinking skills, such as analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information, are vital for deep comprehension of complex texts.4. Writing SkillsEffective writing skills are essential for clear and coherent communication in English. Key components of writing skills in English include:- Organization: Well-organized writing follows a clear structure with a logical flow of ideas. This involves using introductory, body, and concluding paragraphs, as well as effective transitions between ideas.- Sentence structure: Varied and well-constructed sentences enhance writing clarity and readability. Understanding sentence structure and syntax is crucial for developing effective writing skills.- Coherence and cohesion: Coherence refers to the logical and consistent flow of ideas in a text, while cohesion involves the use of transitional devices and connectives to link ideas together.- Grammar and mechanics: Writing that displays a command of grammar, punctuation, spelling, and usage enhances communication and readability.- Audience and purpose: Effective writing takes into account the intended audience and purpose, adapting language and tone to suit the specific context.5. Speaking and Listening SkillsSpeaking and listening skills are essential for effective oral communication in English. Key elements of speaking and listening skills include:- Pronunciation and intonation: Clear and accurate pronunciation, as well as appropriate intonation, enhance oral communication and comprehension.- Listening comprehension: Effective listening skills involve understanding spoken language, including recognizing main points, understanding details, and inferring meaning from context.- Conversational skills: Engaging in conversation involves turn-taking, active listening, asking questions, and providing meaningful responses.- Public speaking: Public speaking skills include effective delivery, organization of content, and engaging with an audience.- Accent and dialect: Understanding diverse accents and dialects in English can facilitate effective communication with speakers from different regions and backgrounds.6. Cultural and Sociolinguistic CompetenceCultural and sociolinguistic competence involves understanding the cultural and social contexts that shape language use in English. Key aspects of cultural and sociolinguistic competence in English include:- Register and style: Different registers and styles of language are used in various social contexts and for different purposes. Understanding formal, informal, and technical language registers is important for effective communication.- Politeness and pragmatics: Politeness strategies and pragmatic conventions vary in different cultural and social contexts. Understanding these conventions is critical for successful communication.- Identities and diversity: Language use in English is shaped by various cultural and social identities, such as gender, age, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Awareness of these identities and differences is essential for respectful and inclusive communication.- Multilingualism and language variation: English is spoken as a first, second, or additional language by speakers with diverse linguistic backgrounds. Understanding the impact of linguistic diversity on communication is important for effective intercultural interactions.- Taboos and sensitive topics: Sensitivity to cultural taboos and awareness of potentially sensitive topics in different cultural contexts is important for respectful and effective communication.ConclusionSystematic knowledge of English encompasses a wide range of linguistic and communicative competencies, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing skills, speaking and listening skills, and cultural and sociolinguistic competence. Developing proficiency in these areas is essential for effective English language use in academic, professional, and social settings. By mastering the fundamental aspects of English language and communication, learners can enhance their ability to understand, use, and appreciate the richness of the English language.。

1.Review the usages of the Present Indefinite,the Present Continuous,the Present Perfect,the Past2.Master the diffTeaching DifficThe differences between the Past Indefinite and the Past Perfect;the differences between the Past1.a computerTeacStep Ⅰ GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step Ⅱ RevisionT:In the third period,we’ve done some exercises to revise all the verb tenses,including the Present Indefinite,the Present Continuous,the Present Perfect,the Past Indefinite,the Past Continuous,the Past Perfect,the Future Indefinite and the Future Past.Now I want some one of you to write down(One of the students comes to the blackboard and writes on tT:(After that) Quite right.Thank you.You can go back to your seat now.Well,let’s revise the usagesStep Ⅲ Explanation of the Verb Tenses1.(NMET 2000)The reporter said that the UFO________2.(NMET 2000春季，北京）Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon________to hisA.returned C.was returning3.(2001年春季，上海）The new suspension bridge________D.would be designed4.I________ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offA.gave C.was giving5.My brother________while he________6.The Police found that the house________and a lot of things________7.(NMET 1994)I don ’t really work here,I________ A.just help o8.(NMET 1994)—I ’ —Oh,not at all.I________ A.have been C.was9.New problems________A.deal with10.How many students in your class________T:Now let ’s do the exercises on the screen.Who ’ S:I ’S:I think in this sentence there are two actions.The past continuous “was travelling” here is used in a sentence together with the pas t action “saw”.When this happens,the past continuous usually refers to a longer “background”action or situation.The Past indefinite usually refers to a shorterT:Very good.Now let ’S:I ’ll try.The best answer is also A.I think there are two actions in this sentence.The first action happened first and then the other happened.So we should use the past indefinite tense in theT:OK.This is the commonest usage of the past indefinite.I think you can use it correctly,canT:Good.Now,let ’3.(B) The Past Perfect Passive should be used in this sentence.From the adverbial in this sentence “by the end of last month”,we know that the action “design”takes place before the adverial of time.Besides,“bridge”is the subject of this sentence,and “design” is the verb,so the Passive V oice4.(B) From the subject and verb,we know that the Passive Voice should be used.This is a very5.(A) In this sentence there are three actions.“Fell” and “hurt”happened during the period whe n he6.(B) From the verb “found”,we know that neither A nor C is correct.And we know that the subject of the object clause is “the house”,and the verb is “break into”,so the Passive Voice should7.(C) The sentence talks about the action and the situation that are already going on at the moment8.(A) The Present Perfect is used to talk about actions and situations which began in the past and9.(C) From the adverbial “every day”,we know that present indefinite should be used in this10.(C) The adverbial “next week” tells us that the action “take part in” happ ens in the future.So the Future Indefinite is used here.If we want to say “He told me that the majority of students in his class would take part in the sports meet to be held the next week,”we should use the past future tense.The adverbial in this sentenceStep Ⅳ Practice and ConsolidationT:Now,let’s do more exercises to review the verb tenses of different kinds.Please look at the exercise on the screen.It is an interesting story about the word “freeze”.Please read the passageThere is one word which you must learn before you________ (visit) the USA.That is “Freeze!”If you________ (not hear) the word in an American movie,this is what it________ (mean).It (mean) “Stand still and don’t move.”Police officers________when they ________ (be) ready to use their guns.If the person________ (not obey) the order and (move),he or she ________One evening in Los Angeles,someone________ (ring) the bell of a house.It________ (be) a dangerous area at night,so the owner of the house________ (take) his gun with him when he (answer) the door.He________ (open) the door and________ (see) a person,who________ (turn) round and________ (start) walking away from the house.The owner________ (cry)“Freeze!”,but the man ________ (go) on walking.The owner(think) he________ (try) to escape,so heLater,the sad story ________ (discover).The dead man________ (be) a Japanese student.He (go) to visit a friend,but he________ (can) not remember the number of the house.When he (realize) that he________ (go) to the wrong house,he ________ (turn) round to leave.He________ (not know) much English and so he________rang;was;took;answered;opened;saw;turned;started;cried;went;thought;wastrying;shot;was discovered;was;had gone;could;realized;had gone;turned;didn’t know;didn’t understandStep Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkT:Today we have reviewed eight kinds of verb tenses.(Write them on the blackboard).And we have also done some exercises to consolidate them.After class,you need to do more exercises toSs:See you!Step ⅥBlackboardam/is/areshould/would keepStep Ⅶ Record after Teaching_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __。

2023新课标一卷英语试题Introduction The 2023 New Standard English Exam is a comprehensive and challenging test designed to assess students' proficiency in various aspects of the English language. This document aims to provide an overview of the test structure, content, and important tips for success. Section 1: Reading Comprehension1.1 Instructions: In this section, your reading skills will be tested through multiple passages. You will be required to comprehend the main ideas, understand the implied meanings, and answer questions based on the provided texts.1.2 Tips: a) Skim the passage before reading in detail to get an overview of the content. b) Pay attention to topic sentences, subheadings, and highlighted keywords. c) Take note of any unfamiliar words but avoid spending too much time on a single word or phrase. Section 2: Listening Comprehension2.1 Instructions: In this section, your listening skills will be evaluated through various audio recordings. You will be asked to answer questions related to the recordings, including identifying the main idea, specific details, and understanding the speaker's opinion.2.2 Tips: a) Listen actively and focus on key information. b) Take notes while listening to help recall important details. c) Do not rely solely on the audio; use context to understand meaning. Section 3: Grammar and Vocabulary3.1 Instructions: This section aims to assess your understanding of grammar rules and vocabulary usage. You will complete multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, and complete sentences using appropriate words or phrases.3.2 Tips: a) Review key grammar rules such as verb tenses, articles, prepositions, and sentence structure. b) Extensively practice vocabulary through reading, writing, and exploring word associations. c) Pay attention to context clues to determine thecorrect answer.Section 4: Writing4.1 Instructions: You will be given a topic or situation and required to write an essay or letter expressing your opinion or providing a response. Your writing should be coherent, organized, and demonstrate a good command of grammar and vocabulary.4.2 Tips: a) Plan your writing by brainstorming ideas and creating an outline. b) Use appropriate paragraphing to organize your thoughts. c) Proofread and revise your work for grammar, vocabulary, and overall clarity.Section 5: Speaking5.1 Instructions: In this section, you will engage in a conversation with the examiner. You will be assessed based on your ability to express your thoughts clearly, maintain a conversation, and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar.5.2 Tips: a) Practice speaking English with a partner or join a language exchange program. b) Think before answering questions, but respond promptly. c) Speak naturally and fluently while using appropriate intonation and stress.Conclusion Successfully completing the 2023 New Standard English Exam requires a strong foundation in reading, listening, grammar, vocabulary, writing, and speaking skills. By following the tips provided and dedicating enough time for preparation, you can confidently approach the exam and achieve your desired results. Remember to practice regularly and seek guidance or assistance when needed. Good luck with your preparation!。

英语作文修改标注English Composition Revision Marks1. Grammar Corrections:- Subject-verb agreement: Ensure that the subject and verb match in number.- Tense consistency: Check that the verb tenses are consistent throughout the essay.- Pronoun usage: Make sure pronouns agree with their antecedents and are clear in their reference.2. Spelling:- Correct spelling of all words, including proper nounsand technical terms.- Use the spell check function but also proofread manually for errors that might be overlooked.3. Punctuation:- Commas: Use commas correctly to separate items in a list, to set off introductory elements, and to indicate a pause.- Semicolons: Use semicolons to link closely related independent clauses.- Colons: Use colons to introduce lists, explanations, or quotations.4. Sentence Structure:- Variety: Use a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences to enhance the flow and interest of your writing. - Clarity: Ensure that each sentence is clear and conveys its intended meaning without ambiguity.5. Vocabulary:- Word choice: Use precise and appropriate words to convey your ideas effectively.- Avoid repetition: Use a variety of synonyms to avoid repeating the same words too often.6. Cohesion and Coherence:- Transitions: Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas smoothly.- Logical flow: Ensure that the essay has a logical progression of ideas from one paragraph to the next.7. Style and Tone:- Formal or informal: Adjust the style and tone according to the intended audience and purpose of the essay.- Consistency: Maintain a consistent style and tone throughout the composition.8. Content and Development:- Thesis statement: Make sure the essay has a clear and concise thesis statement.- Supporting details: Provide ample evidence and examples to support your main points.- Conclusion: End with a strong conclusion that summarizes the main points and leaves a lasting impression.9. Formatting and Mechanics:- Margins: Check that the margins are consistent and meet the requirements of the assignment.- Font and size: Ensure that the font and font size are appropriate and consistent.10. Proofreading:- Read aloud: Sometimes reading your essay out loud can help catch errors that you might not see otherwise.- Peer review: Have a classmate or friend read your essay for a fresh perspective.11. Final Check:- Review the prompt: Make sure you have addressed all parts of the writing prompt.- Time management: Allow enough time to revise and proofread your essay before submission.Remember, the goal of revising an essay is to refine the content, improve clarity, and ensure that the writing is polished and professional. Take your time with each revision to make your essay the best it can be.。

复习计划英语1. Review grammar: Spend 1 hour each day reviewing different aspects of English grammar, including verb tenses, sentence structure, and punctuation rules.2. Vocabulary revision: Allocate 30 minutes daily to revise vocabulary. Use flashcards or online resources to practice and expand your vocabulary.3. Listening practice: Dedicate at least 30 minutes every day to listening to English audio materials such as podcasts, news broadcasts, or English music. Focus on understanding the content and try to catch unfamiliar words or phrases.4. Reading comprehension: Set aside 30 minutes each day to read English texts, such as articles, short stories, or news headlines. Take notes on key points, unfamiliar vocabulary, and sentence structures.5. Writing exercises: Practice writing in English for 30 minutes daily. Start with simple sentences and gradually increase the complexity. You can write about any topic that interests you or follow writing prompts found online.6. Speaking practice: Find a language partner or language exchange group to practice speaking English with regularly. Engage in conversations for at least 30 minutes each day and focus on improving your fluency and pronunciation.7. Review past materials: Set aside time each week to reviewprevious lessons or materials that you found challenging. This will help reinforce your understanding and retention of the language.8. Practice with online resources: Use online platforms or language learning apps to access additional exercises, quizzes, or language games. These resources can provide additional practice and help reinforce your understanding.9. Seek feedback: Share your writing or speaking samples with a native English speaker or language tutor. Request their feedback and suggestions for improvement. Use this feedback to refine your language skills.10. Stay motivated: Maintain a positive attitude and remind yourself of the progress you have made. Set achievable goals and reward yourself when you reach them. Find ways to make your language learning journey enjoyable, such as watching English movies or TV shows, joining English-speaking clubs, or attending language exchange events.。

grammar-verb-tenseTeaching & Learning Centre Fact Sheets The University of New EnglandGRAMMAR CHECKERS will NOT help at all with getting your verb tenses correct. It cannot read shifts in tense and will not alert you to check for this. It can sometimes signal incorrect irregular verbs when you are using past tense, but this is not consistent. You will need to proofread your work yourself, checking for correct and consistent verb tense.Grammar: Verb tensesA common error in essay writing is in the use of time or verb tense (present, past and future forms). Native speakers of English use verb tenses unconsciously, but may use the incorrect form or change tenses inappropriately during writing (i.e. lose ‘sense’ by switching backwards and forwards between tenses). In academic writing, there are conventions about using tense correctly and about using tense consistently. You will need to know about:1. Recognising the tenses2. Using present tense in your writing3. Using past tense in your writing4. Using future tense in your writing5. Controlling shifts in verb tensesVerbs in English give a sense of time in speech and writing. There are three main ‘times’ that we use to convey information: present, past and future. Verb tenses are used to express the relationship between time and other factors so that we can tell if an action is still in progress (PRESENT), completed (PAST), or predicting future action or events (FUTURE). Examples ?Thinking skills are very helpful for questioning information and opinions in a text. (PRESENT) ?Students are taught higher level thinking skills in the ASO training programs. (PRESENT) ?In the 1980s, many studies investigated the role of critical thinking skills in academic writing. (PAST) ?Before the 1970s, most information was reproduced uncritically by students in exams . (PAST) ?It is hoped that future generations will be skillful at critically assessing Internet data. (FUTURE) ? By the end of the course, students should have learned strategies for critical reading. (FUTURE)2. Using present tense in your writingAcademic writing mostly uses PRESENT tense to state facts, to make generalisations and to report on the research and ideas of others.Rule 1: Use the PRESENT tense in most of your writing when you are expressing your ideas. ExampleSmith (2009, p. 3) claims that critical thinking is the process by which the reader detects and analyses the assumptions that lie beneath the actions, decisions and judgments in information. Therefore, critical thinking processes seek to evaluate the intellectual work of others by searching for strengths as well as weaknesses through reason, evidence and relevance (Jacks, 2010, p. 78). (PRESENT) Rule 2: Use PRESENT tense to report the findings of others when you are paraphrasing and quoting information from authors that you want to express a close allegiance to. Using past tense can suggest that information is no longer current or not so relevant to the writer’s own research.Examplesacknowledges, adds, admits, affirms, agrees, argues, asserts, assumes, assures, challenges, claims, clarifies, comments, concedes, concludes, declares, demonstrates, denies, describes, disagrees, discusses, doubts, elaborates, emphasises, explains, implies, infers, informs, maintains, mentions, notes, observes, points out, presents, proves, questions, reasons, recognises, refutes, relates, remarks, reports, requests, responds, reveals, shows, states, suggests, thinks, urges, warns NOTE: APA referencing style is used in used in this fact sheet.Teaching & Learning Centre Fact SheetsThe University of New England3. Using past tense in your writingYou use the PAST tense in academic writing to state facts, to make generalisations and to report the ideas of others that describe past events and research that is not continuing. Rule 1: Use PAST tense when you want to describe an action or event that took place in the past. This includes giving examples from practical experience, writing up the methods and results sections of scientific reports and writing descriptions and analyses of past events such as history and biography.ExampleCritical thinking originated during the time of Socrates over 2500 years ago. After this, many contributions were made to the notion of critical thinking by European philosophers, such as Aquinas, Erasmus, Bacon and Moore. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, critical thinking and reading skills have been explicitly developed for educational purposes. Rule 2: Use PAST tense forms correctly by adding ‘ed’ to present tense verbs and reporting verbs or by using the correct ‘irregular verb’. Be careful, spelling rules apply when adding ‘ed’ to words (e.g. doubling the last letter, dropping the final ‘e’). ExamplesSOME COMMON PAST TENSE IRREGULAR VERBS(bring) brought, (come) came/had come (arise), arose/had arisen, (choose) chose/had chosen, (forbid) forbade/had forbidden, (lay) laid/had laid, (lie) lay/had lain, (lead) led/had led, (show) showed/had shown, (write) wrote/had writtenResearchers (Jackson, 2005; Smith, 1999; Zhan, 2002) state that it is likely that the study of critical thinking and reading skills will continue to play an important role in university education. (FUTURE)5. Controlling shifts in verb tensesWhen you are writing an essay, you will probably want to use time frames that require you to move between the tenses (e.g. inserting a scenario, an example or an anecdote to illustrate your point). You will need to be careful that you make shifts in tense clearly and consistently. Rule : Keep your writing in the ONE tense (present or past) unless you consciously intend to change the time frameExampleBeing critical in university writing does not have the same meaning as criticising ineveryday life (i.e. making negative comments). Writing critically meant (means ) that youquestion the information and opinions presented to you in your readings. By evaluatingand judging the text from an informed point of view, you can make statements about thestrengths and weaknesses of an argument. For instance, a text written about social justicein the 1920s may not consider the textual marginalisation of racial, social and gendergroups as these issues are (were ) not considered at this time. Moreover, in recent timesthe Internet has flooded the information market with dubious information. Therefore,students will need thorough training in critical reading skills so they can evaluate thequality of the information they are using in their academic assignments. wrong - needs present tense correct - present tense wrong - needs past tense Correct - future tense correct - ast sentence needs futuretense。

Writing an excellent English composition that scores full marks requires a combination of several key elements:a clear and engaging thesis statement, wellorganized paragraphs,a rich vocabulary,correct grammar,and a fitting conclusion. Heres a breakdown of how to achieve these elements:1.Clear and Engaging Thesis Statement:Start your essay with a strong introduction that includes a thesis statement.This should clearly state the main idea of your essay and what you intend to argue or discuss.2.WellOrganized Paragraphs:Each paragraph should focus on one main point that supports your e topic sentences at the beginning of each paragraph to guide the reader through your argument.3.Rich Vocabulary:Use a variety of vocabulary to express your ideas.Avoid repetition and strive for precision in your word choice.This shows your command of the language and can make your essay more engaging.4.Correct Grammar:Ensure that your essay is free from grammatical errors.This includes correct verb tenses,subjectverb agreement,and proper use of articles, prepositions,and punctuation.5.Fitting Conclusion:End your essay with a conclusion that summarizes your main points and restates your thesis in a new way.This should leave the reader with a clear understanding of your argument and a sense of closure.6.Coherence and Cohesion:Make sure your essay flows logically from one point to the e transitional phrases and words to connect your ideas and maintain the readers interest.7.Evidence and Examples:Support your arguments with evidence and examples.This could include facts,statistics,quotes,or personal anecdotes that are relevant to your topic.8.Revision and Editing:After writing your first draft,take the time to revise and edit your work.Look for areas where you can improve clarity,strengthen your argument,or correct any errors.9.Adherence to Instructions:Follow any specific instructions given for the essay,such as word count,formatting,or specific points to address.10.Personal Voice and Style:While its important to use formal language and followacademic conventions,dont be afraid to let your personal voice and style shine through. This can make your essay more memorable and unique.Remember,practice makes perfect.The more you write,the better you will become at crafting excellent English compositions.。