中国民航飞行人员英语--lesson 8

中国民航飞行人员英语等级考试介绍全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Sky's the Limit: Soaring High with the English Test for PilotsImagine stepping into a giant metal bird that can soar high above the clouds! That's what pilots do every day. But did you know that these amazing sky adventurers need to learn a special language to communicate with other pilots and air traffic controllers from all around the world? It's called English, and it's the common language of aviation.In China, pilots and other flight crew members have to take a unique test called the English Proficiency Test for Chinese Civil Aviation Flight Personnel. It's a bit of a mouthful, but we'll just call it the "Pilots' English Test" for short. This test makes sure that everyone who flies planes in China can speak, understand, read, and write English really well.Why is English so important for pilots, you might ask? Well, imagine if pilots from different countries couldn't understand each other's instructions or radio calls. It would be like trying toplay a game with your friends, but everyone was speaking a different language! That's why having a common language like English is super important for keeping everyone safe up in the sky.The Pilots' English Test is designed to make sure that all flight crew members can communicate clearly and accurately in English. It tests their skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The test has different levels, kind of like the different belts in martial arts. The higher the level, the better your English skills are!Let's take a closer look at what's involved in this awesome test:Listening ComprehensionImagine you're a pilot, and the air traffic controller starts giving you instructions in English. You need to be able to understand every word perfectly, or else you might end up flying to the wrong airport! In the listening part of the test, you'll hear recordings of various aviation situations, like radio calls, announcements, and conversations. You'll need to show that you can understand everything being said.Speaking SkillsNow it's your turn to talk! In this part of the test, you might have to describe a situation or scenario related to flying. For example, you could be asked to explain what happened during a flight delay or how you would handle an emergency situation. The examiners will be listening carefully to make sure your pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary are all up to par.Reading ComprehensionPilots don't just listen and speak English – they also need to be able to read and understand all kinds of aviation documents, like flight manuals, weather reports, and safety checklists. In this part of the test, you'll have to read various texts and answer questions to show that you've understood everything correctly.Writing AbilitiesSometimes, pilots need to write reports or fill out forms in English. That's what the writing section of the test is all about. You might have to write a detailed description of an incident or explain a certain aviation procedure. The examiners will be checking that your writing is clear, accurate, and easy to understand.Now, you might be wondering, "Why do I need to know all this if I'm not going to be a pilot?" Well, even if you don't plan onflying planes when you grow up, learning about tests like this can teach you how important communication is, especially in jobs where people's safety is involved.Plus, who knows? Maybe one day you'll be the one soaring high above the clouds, talking to air traffic controllers in perfect English thanks to this amazing test!So, the next time you see a plane up in the sky, remember the hard work and dedication it takes for pilots to learn English and pass this crucial test. It's all part of the incredible journey of aviation, where people from all over the world come together to explore the skies safely and smoothly.篇2The English Test for Pilots and Flight AttendantsHey there, kids! Have you ever wondered what it takes to become a pilot or a flight attendant? Well, one really important thing is being able to speak English really well. You see, when planes fly from one country to another, everyone needs to be able to understand each other, no matter what language they speak at home. That's why people who want to work on airplanes in China have to take a special English test called the English Proficiency Test for Chinese Civil Aviation Flight Personnel.Sounds like a really long name, right? Don't worry, we'll just call it the Aviation English Test for short. This test is super important because it makes sure that pilots, flight attendants, and air traffic controllers can all communicate clearly and safely in English.So, what's on the Aviation English Test? Well, there are different parts that test different skills. First, there's the listening part, where you have to listen to people speaking in English and answer questions about what they said. This is really important for pilots and flight attendants because they need to be able to understand instructions and announcements in English.Next, there's the reading part, where you have to read things like safety manuals, weather reports, and flight plans in English and answer questions about them. This is important because pilots and flight attendants need to be able to read and understand all kinds of information in English.Then, there's the speaking part, where you have to talk in English and answer questions. This is really important because pilots and flight attendants need to be able to communicate clearly and accurately in English with other people on the plane, like the air traffic controllers and the other crew members.Finally, there's the writing part, where you have to write things like reports and messages in English. This is important because pilots and flight attendants sometimes need to write down information or instructions in English.The Aviation English Test has different levels, kind of like different grades in school. The levels go from 1 to 6, with 6 being the highest. Pilots and air traffic controllers need to get at least a level 4 to be able to work, while flight attendants need at least a level 3.Preparing for the Aviation English Test can be a lot of work, but it's really important for keeping everyone safe when they're flying. Pilots, flight attendants, and air traffic controllers all need to be able to understand each other perfectly in English, no matter what language they speak at home.So, if you're dreaming of becoming a pilot or a flight attendant one day, you'll need to study hard and practice your English a lot. Who knows, maybe someday you'll be taking the Aviation English Test and flying all over the world!篇3Do You Want to Be a Pilot? Learn About the Cool English Test!Hi there, kids! Have you ever dreamed of flying high up in the clouds and seeing the world from way above? Becoming a pilot is such an awesome job, but did you know that pilots in China have to pass a special English test? It's called the English Proficiency Test for Chinese Civil Aviation Flight Crew. That's a really long name, so let's just call it the Aviation English Test!The Aviation English Test is kind of like the English tests you take at school, but it's just for people who want to be pilots, air traffic controllers, or other aviation professionals. It checks if they can speak, understand, read, and write in English well enough to do their jobs safely.Why is English so important for pilots and air traffic controllers? Well, English is the common language that pilots and controllers from all around the world use to communicate with each other. When a Chinese pilot is flying to America or Europe, they need to be able to understand instructions from air traffic controllers in those countries. And the controllers need to understand the pilot too! Good communication is super important to keep everyone safe up in the air.So what does the Aviation English Test look like? It has different sections to test all the English skills a pilot or controller needs. There's a speaking part where you have to respond tosituations and give clear instructions. For example, the tester might say "There's a flock of birds on the runway, what would you do?" and you'd have to explain the right steps in English.There's also a listening part with audio recordings of conversations between pilots and controllers. You have to listen carefully and answer questions about what you heard. Reading and writing are tested too, like reading safety notices and writing reports.The test scores range from Level 1 to Level 6, with 6 being the highest. To be a pilot or air traffic controller in China, you need to score at least Level 4, which means you have a "operational" level of English proficiency for aviation. The very best pilots and controllers aim for Levels 5 or 6 to show they have "expert" English skills.Preparing for the Aviation English Test takes a lot of hard work and practice. You need to learn all the special vocabulary pilots use, like the names of aircraft parts and aviation phrases. And you have to get really good at speaking clearly, understanding accents from all over the world, and communicating accurately even in emergencies when things get stressful.Some kids start learning aviation English at a young age if they dream of becoming a pilot one day. There are special aviation English classes, tutors, and study materials they can use. The test isn't easy, but studying hard and never giving up on your dreams is important!Once pilots pass the Aviation English Test, they have to take it again every 3 years to make sure their skills stay sharp. And if their score drops too low, they might not be allowed to fly until they improve their English again. Speaking excellent English is just as crucial for a pilot's job as knowing how to fly the plane!So there you have it - a quick intro to the Aviation English Test that pilots in China have to master. It's a challenging test, but thinking about soaring through the clouds while communicating professionally in English is what motivates lots of pilots to keep studying. If flying is your biggest dream, the Aviation English Test is an important step along the way to making that dream come true up there in the open skies!篇4The Sky Talkers: China's Aviators and Their English TestHey there, little pilots! Have you ever dreamed of soaring through the clouds and seeing the world from way up high? Well,that's exactly what the brave men and women who fly airplanes get to do every single day! But did you know that in order to become a real-life pilot or flight attendant in China, you have to pass a very special test?It's called the English Language Proficiency Test for Civil Aviation Flight Crew, but that's a bit of a mouthful, so let's just call it the "Sky Talkers Test"! You see, when planes travel from one country to another, the pilots and flight attendants need to be able to communicate with people from all around the world. And since English is the common language used in aviation, they have to know how to speak, understand, read, and write in English really, really well.Imagine trying to give directions to a lost traveler, but you can't understand each other's language! That would be pretty tricky, wouldn't it? That's why the Sky Talkers Test is so important – it makes sure that all of China's pilots and flight crew can easily communicate with their colleagues and air traffic controllers, no matter where they're flying.Now, this test isn't like the usual tests you take in school. It's split into different parts, each one testing a different skill. Let me tell you all about them!First up, there's the Listening part. In this section, thetest-takers have to listen to recordings of people speaking in English and answer questions about what they heard. It could be instructions from an air traffic controller, conversations between pilots and crew, or even announcements made to passengers. The questions might ask about specific details, the main idea, or the speaker's intentions. It's like a fun game of "Telephone," but without the whispering!Next, there's the Speaking part. This is where the test-takers have to show off their English speaking skills. They might have to describe a situation, re-tell a story, or even role-play as a pilot or flight attendant. The examiners listen carefully to make sure they can pronounce words correctly, use proper grammar, and express themselves clearly. It's like putting on a little play, but instead of acting out a fairy tale, they're acting out real-life aviation scenarios!After that comes the Reading part. Here, the test-takers have to read various texts related to aviation, like manuals, charts, and reports. They'll need to show that they can understand the main ideas, find specific information, and make inferences based on what they've read. It's like a treasure hunt, but instead ofsearching for gold, they're hunting for meaning in those tricky aviation documents!Last but not least, there's the Writing part. In this section, the test-takers have to write different kinds of texts, such as emails, reports, or even emergency messages. They need to make sure their writing is clear, organized, and free of mistakes. It's like being a storyteller, but instead of spinning tales of dragons and knights, they're weaving tales of flight plans and safety procedures.Phew, that's a lot of different parts, isn't it? But don't worry, the Sky Talkers Test is designed to be challenging but fair. The examiners understand that English might not be the first language for many of the test-takers, so they're not expecting perfection. As long as the pilots and flight crew can communicate effectively and safely in English, that's what matters most.Now, you might be wondering, "Why do I need to know all this? I'm just a kid!" Well, you never know – maybe one day, you'll decide to become a pilot or flight attendant yourself! And even if you choose a different career path, learning about the Sky Talkers Test can help you appreciate the hard work and dedication it takes to keep our skies safe and connected.Who knows, maybe after reading this, you'll be inspired to start practicing your English skills right away! You could pretend to be an air traffic controller, giving landing instructions to your stuffed animals. Or you could write a letter to your future pilot self, describing all the amazing adventures you'll have soaring through the clouds. The sky's the limit when it comes to learning and having fun!So, there you have it – the Sky Talkers Test in a nutshell! Next time you're on a plane, take a moment to appreciate the incredible English skills of the pilots and flight crew who are guiding you safely through the friendly skies. And who knows, maybe one day, you'll be the one taking that special test and joining the ranks of China's amazing aviators!篇5The Aviation English Test: A Big Deal for Pilots and Flight AttendantsHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm in fifth grade. Today I want to tell you all about this really important test that pilots and flight attendants in China have to take. It's called the Aviation English Test and it makes sure they can speak, understand, read and write English really well.Why is this test so important? Well, when you're a pilot or flight attendant, you have to communicate with people from all over the world - air traffic controllers, other pilots, and passengers. And the language that everyone uses is English. So it's super duper important that people working on airplanes can speak English clearly and understand it perfectly.The Aviation English Test has different levels, kind of like belts in karate. The lowest level is Level 3 and the highest is Level 6. Pilots need to score at least Level 4 to fly planes, while flight attendants need Level 3 or higher. Level 6 is really hard - only people who are pretty much fluent in English can pass it.So what kinds of things do they test you on? Well, there are a few different sections:Speaking: In this part, you have to respond to different situations and demonstrate your spoken English abilities. For example, they might ask you to give safety instructions to passengers or communicate an emergency scenario to air traffic control. You get scored on things like pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and how well you can convey important information.Listening: Here you listen to recordings of conversations or messages and have to answer questions showing you understood everything. The recordings use lots of aviationterminology and codes that pilots and controllers use. Missing even a small detail could be dangerous!Reading: For this section, you read passages related to aviation procedures, regulations, weather reports and more. Then you have to answer comprehension questions proving you grasped all the key information. The texts use very technical aviation vocabulary.Writing: In this part, you might have to write things like flight plans, reports, or instructions using proper aviation English writing conventions. Your responses get scored on grammar, vocabulary, organization and how clearly you communicate.There's also an oral interview portion where you take part in a mock role-playing scenario and get evaluated on your overall communication abilities in an operational context.The test takes several hours to complete all the sections. I can't even imagine how stressful it must be! You have to prepare for months and study really hard.But it's incredibly important for safety reasons. Can you imagine if the pilot didn't understand the air traffic controller's instructions correctly? Or if the flight attendant gave passengersthe wrong emergency information? That could lead to terrible accidents.By requiring high Aviation English standards, China is making sure its pilots and crew can communicate perfectly at all times when working on international flights. No room for misunderstandings when lives are at stake!I have a few relatives who are pilots and I've seen how diligently they study Aviation English. My uncle even hired a special tutor to help him practice his pronunciation and vocabulary. It's basically like learning a whole other language that's specific to the aviation industry.The test is supervised by the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China and follows strict international standards and guidelines. Once you pass, you get certified for a certain number of years before having to retest to renew your qualification.It's pretty crazy if you think about it! These pilots and flight attendants have to be masters of regular English, but also know all sorts of obscure aviation codes, phrases and terminology. The expectations are extremely high.But it makes total sense to me why it's so important. I'd want the pilots and crew on any plane I'm flying on to be absoluteexperts in speaking, understanding and using Aviation English correctly. Wouldn't you?Anyway, that's my kid's overview of the Aviation English Test in China! It's no joke and requires ton of intense studying. But it helps make air travel way safer for everyone. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇6Do You Want to Become a Pilot? Learn About the English Test!Hi there, young friends! Have you ever dreamed of soaring through the clouds and becoming a pilot? Flying airplanes is a really cool job, but did you know that pilots in China need to pass a special English test? It's called the English Proficiency Test for Chinese Civil Aviation Flight Personnel, and it's really important for keeping everyone safe up in the sky.Let me tell you all about this test and why it's so important for pilots to speak good English.Why Do Pilots Need to Know English?Imagine you're a pilot, and you're flying over a country where people don't speak your language. If there's anemergency or you need to communicate with air traffic controllers, how would you tell them what's going on? That's why pilots all around the world need to know English – it's the common language used in aviation.English is like a special code that all pilots and air traffic controllers can understand, no matter where they're from. It helps them talk to each other clearly and avoid any confusing mix-ups that could be dangerous when you're up in the air.What's on the English Test?The English Proficiency Test for Chinese Civil Aviation Flight Personnel checks how well pilots and other flight crew members can speak, understand, read, and write in English. It's not an easy test, because pilots need to be really good at English to do their jobs safely.Here are some of the things the test looks at:Speaking: Pilots need to be able to speak English clearly, accurately, and fluently. They might have to describe emergencies, give instructions, or have conversations with other pilots and air traffic controllers.Listening: It's super important for pilots to understand everything that's said to them in English, even if there'sbackground noise or bad communication. They need to be able to comprehend instructions and radio messages perfectly.Reading: Pilots have to read a lot of important documents and manuals in English, so they need to be able to understand written English really well.Writing: Sometimes pilots need to write reports or notes in English, so they have to be able to write clearly and accurately too.The test has different levels, ranging from Level 1 (the lowest) to Level 6 (the highest). Pilots need to score at least Level 4 to be able to fly internationally.How Do Pilots Prepare for the Test?Becoming a great English speaker takes a lot of hard work and practice. Pilots in China often take special English classes and courses to get ready for the test. They practice speaking, listening, reading, and writing in English a lot, and they might even watch movies or TV shows in English to get more practice.Some pilots also use special aviation English materials to learn all the words and phrases they need to know for their jobs. Things like "turbulence," "stall," and "holding pattern" are words that pilots need to understand perfectly in English.Why Is the Test Important?The English Proficiency Test for Chinese Civil Aviation Flight Personnel is really important for keeping everyone safe when they're flying. If pilots can't communicate clearly in English, it could lead to dangerous mistakes or misunderstandings.Imagine if a pilot couldn't understand an air traffic controller's instructions properly – they might fly in the wrong direction or do something unsafe without meaning to. Or if a pilot couldn't describe an emergency situation accurately in English, other people might not be able to help them properly.That's why it's so important for pilots to be great at English. By passing this test, they're proving that they can communicate clearly and keep everyone safe up in the sky.Becoming a Pilot Is Hard Work, but So Cool!As you can see, becoming a pilot takes a lot of hard work and dedication. Not only do you need to learn how to fly the plane, but you also need to become an expert in English too.But even though it's tough, being a pilot is one of the coolest jobs ever. You get to travel all over the world, see amazing views from up in the sky, and help people get to their destinations safely. And by passing the English Proficiency Test, you'reproving that you have what it takes to communicate clearly and keep everyone safe on your flights.So, if you're a hard-working kid who loves aviation and isn't afraid of a challenge, maybe you could become a pilot one day! Just keep studying hard, practice your English, and never stop dreaming of soaring through the clouds.Who knows, maybe one day I'll be a passenger on one of your flights!。

Detailed information can be found in the Duty-free Catalog in the seat pocket in front of you.
Section A: Speaking
Situational Dialogues
Situation: A passenger would like to know the duty-free goods sold on board. (P=Passenger, F=Flight Attendant) P: Excuse me, Miss. Do you sell duty-free items on board? F: Yes, we provide duty-free sales after the meal service. P: May I know what items are sold now? F: Yes. The duty-free goods magazine shows our selection. It is in the rear pocket in front of you. P: Thank you so much. F: You are welcome.
Section A: Speaking
Relevant Announcements
Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning! Continental Airlines introduces another special service
for you on this flight: a unique shopping experience while flying. Within the pages of the newest Continental Collection, you will discover

ESSENTIAL（基础）ENGLISH OFAERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING航空工程英语基础LESSON 1 THE B737 FUSELAGE机体一、生词飞机Airplane 半硬壳式Semi-monocoque 机身Fuselage 起落架Landing gear 动力装置Power plant 支柱Strut分为Divide into 包括Contain 天线Antenna 玻璃纤维Fiberglass 蜂窝状物Honeycomb 整流罩Fairing铰链Hinge 压力密封隔板Bulkhead 驾驶舱flightcompartment进口Entry 机上厨房Galley 登机梯Airstair电子设备舱Electronic 检修口Access door 旅客舱Passenger1equipment bay cabin货舱Cargo 逃逸Escape 舱口Hatch空间Space 燃油箱Fule bank 终止Terminate辅助动力装置Auxiliary powerunit水平安定面Horizontalstabilizer桁架Truss排出Exhaust 设计Design 和…一样The same as伸长stretch 延伸Extension 脊鳍Dorsal fin增强Strengthen 相对于Relaviate to 滑轨Skid结构structure 修改revise二、TEXT(1)the B737 is a low wing airplane. B737 has semi-monocoque fuselage andfully retractable landing gear. Two power plants are located under the wings on short struts.波音737是一种下单翼飞机。

它拥有半硬壳式机身和全收式起落架。

轮档挡好-- Chocks in地面电源设备接好--Ground power connected收到-- Roger现在关闭发动机--Shutting down engines准备牵引-- Ready for pushback所有舱门已关好--All doors checked closed松刹车-- Brakes off松刹车-- Release parking brakes刹车已松-- Brakes off刹车已松-- parking brake Released可以牵引--Clear for pushback23号跑道起飞--Runway( or face)two three05号跑道起飞--Runway( or face)zero five牵引完成--Pushback complete刹车--Brakes on刹车--Set parking brake刹车刹好--Brakes on刹车刹好-- Parking brake set准备启动1（或2）号发动机--Start number one(or two) 可以启动1（或2）号发动机--Clear number one(or two) 已经供气（如需气源车）--Pressure on启动结束--Start complete断开地面设备-- Disconnect ground equipment插销移开--Ping Removed稍等--Standby稍等启动-- Standby for start稍等推出-- Standby for pushback在左（或右）方打手势--Hand signal on the left(or right) 轮档挡好-- Chocks in地面电源设备接好--Ground power connected收到-- Roger现在关闭发动机--Shutting down engines准备牵引-- Ready for pushback所有舱门已关好--All doors checked closed松刹车-- Brakes off松刹车-- Release parking brakes刹车已松-- Brakes off刹车已松-- parking brake Released可以牵引--Clear for pushback23号跑道起飞--Runway( or face)two three05号跑道起飞--Runway( or face)zero five牵引完成--Pushback complete刹车--Brakes on刹车--Set parking brake刹车刹好--Brakes on刹车刹好-- Parking brake set准备启动1（或2）号发动机--Start number one(or two) 可以启动1（或2）号发动机--Clear number one(or two) 已经供气（如需气源车）--Pressure onaircraft crew, air crew 机组, 机务人员pilot 驾驶员, 机长co-pilot, second pilot 副驾驶员navigator 领航员steward 男服务员stewardess, hostess 空中小姐radio operator 报务员Bairliner 班机monoplane 单翼飞机glider 滑翔机trainer aircraft 教练机passenger plane 客机propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋桨飞机jet (aircraft) 喷射飞机amphibian 水陆两用飞机seaplane, hydroplane 水上飞机turbofan jet 涡轮风扇飞机turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨飞机turbojet 涡轮喷射飞机transport plane 运输机helicopter 直升机supersonic 超音速hypersonic 高超音速transonic 跨音速subsonic 亚音速Airbus 空中客车Boeing 波音Concord 协和Ilyusin 依柳辛McDonald-Douglas 麦道Trident 三叉戟Tupolev 图波列夫hatch 舱口aeroengine, air engine 航空发动机navigation light 航行灯fuselage, body 机身nose 机头wing 机翼aileron 副翼wing flap 襟翼tail plane 水平尾翼starboard wing 右翼port wing 左翼pilot"s cockpit 驾驶舱parachute 降落伞passenger cabin 客舱propeller 螺旋桨pressurized cabin 密封舱undercarriage 起落架undercarriage wheel 起落架轮elevator 升降舵radio navigation device 无线电导航设备radio directive device 无线电定向设备luggage compartment 行李舱(fuel) tank 油箱auxiliary (fuel) tank 副油箱main (fuel) tank 主油箱autopilot 自动驾驶仪ground crew 地勤人员airport 航空港, 民航机场airfield, aerodrome, airdrome 机场airport beacon 机场灯标airport meteorological station 机场气象站main airport building, terminal building 机场主楼emergency landing runway, forced landing runway 紧急着陆跑道taxiway 滑行跑道runway 跑道omnirange radio beacon 全向式无线电航空信标fuel depot 燃料库control tower 塔台tarmac 停机坪radio beacon 无线电信标boarding check 登机牌plane ticket 飞机票flight, flying 飞行bumpy flight 不平稳的飞行smooth flight 平稳的飞行ramp 扶梯altitude, height 高度air route, air line 航线extra flight 加班economy class, tourist class 经济座non-stop flight 连续飞行climbing, to gain height 爬升circling 盘旋forced landing 迫降connecting flight 衔接航班speed, velocity 速度ceiling 上升限度cruising speed 巡航速度top speed 最高速度first class 头等night service 夜航airsick 晕机direct flight, straight flight 直飞landing 着陆to rock, to toss, to bump 颠簸to taxi along 滑行to lose height, to fly low 降低to take off, take-off 起飞to board a plane, get into a plane 上飞机to get off a plane, alight from a plane 下飞机to face the wind 迎风air conditioning system 空调系统dew point露点noise abatement减噪VOR（very-high-frequency omni-directional range ）甚高频全向信标orientation定向、定位ADIRU(air data inertial reference units)大气数据惯性基准组件DDRMI（digital distance and radio magnetic indicator）数字距离无线电磁指示器GPWS（ground proximity warning system）近地警告系统threshold跑道入口ADF（automatic direction finder）自动定向仪DME（distance measuring equipment）测距仪pilotage地标领航AGL（above ground level）离地高度PFV（flight path vector）飞行航经引导laser gyro激光陀螺beacon信标台TCAS（traffic and collision avoidance system）空中交通避撞系统caging knob锁定旋钮near miss危险接近ATA（air transport association of America）美国航空协会threshold入口、标准APU（auxiliary power unit）辅助动力装置gauge表circuit电路、一圈discharge放电shutdown关车maintenance维护、维修over-speed超速load负荷access door进口门tuck使……隐藏plenum集气室induction system进气系统incipient早期的variable inlet guide vanes可调的进气导片nominal额定的instrument flight仪表飞行phase阶段departure离场enroute航路arrival进场transition过渡procedure程序instrument approach仪表进近SID（standard instrument departure）标准仪表离场STAR（standard terminal arrival route）标准进场航路chart layout航图布局symbology符号facility设施communication frequency通信频率MSA（minimum safe altitude）最低安全高度plan view平面图navaid导航、助航Morse code莫尔斯代码procedure turn程序转弯outbound背台holding等待heading航向radial径向线missed approach复飞MOCA最低超障高度MAP复飞点MSA最低安全高度IDA可用着陆距离MLS微波着陆系统SDF简易定向设施PAR初始进近雷达MSL平均海平面teardrop pattern修正角HA T高出接地点的高HAA高出机场的高MEA最小航路高RVR跑道视程climb爬升rotate抬轮stick shaker抖杆buffet发动机抖震overshoot目测过高fuel prudent节油orographic turbulence山岳形态的气流penalty drag阻力增大cb activitydrag积云concede a reroute a提供一条新航路optimum altitude最适高度GPS（global position system）全球定位系统flare 平飘touchdown 接地点fly-by-wire 电传操纵accelerometer 加速器alignment 对准、校准servomotor 伺服马达gyroscope 陀螺thrust reduction alt 减推力高度reverse 反推arm 预位FPA（flight path angle）飞行航径角localizer 航向道idle 慢车detent 卡位FPV（flight path vector）飞行航径矢量CRM（cockpit resource management）驾驶舱资源管理PF（pilot-flight）把杆飞行员PFD（primary flight display）主飞行显示pulley 滑轮roll 滑跑scroll 翻动、卷起slew 上下选页velocity 速度data base loader 数据库装载机alpha/number key board 字母/数字键盘scratch pad 草稿栏dynamic and background data 动态和背景数据tropopause 对流层顶cyan 深蓝色cost index 成本指数alignment 校准prompt 提示符EFOB（estimated fuel on board）预计机上燃油magenta 品红色、洋红色EAT（estimated time of arriving）预计到达时间ADC（air data computer）大气数据计算机CRT（cathode ray tube）阴极shexianguanBITE（build-in test equipment）内装测试设备default 缺席LSK（line select key）行选键asymmetric 不对称terminal area 终端区域coordinate 经纬度rnva area navigation 区域导航en-route 在航路上CFDS（centralized fault display system）集中显示系统communication 通讯vibrations 振动impulses 脉冲antenna 大线megahertz 兆赫兹curvature 弯曲曲度ionosphere 电离层transceiver 无线电收发机rack 设备架squelch 静噪、噪声控制passenger address 旅客广播cabin interohone 客舱内话interphone 内话机evacuation 疏散rotary 旋转的knob 旋钮dedicated 专用的buzzer 蜂鸣声boom set 吊杆耳机head set 耳机selcal 选择呼叫active 正在使用PTT（press to talk）按下发话latched 锁住preempt 优先占有stuck 阻塞plug 插入strain 滤网shield 过滤rock switch 摇式电门flight control system（Ⅰ）飞行控制REJECTED T/O 中断起飞conventional 通用的wheel 驾驶盘column 驾驶杆pedal 脚蹬surface 舵面rudder 方向舵speed-brake 减速板flap 襟翼stab trim 调整片override switch 超控电门yaw damper 偏航阻尼器centering mechanism 定中机械sweep back 后掠spoiler 扰流板jam 卡阻roll 滚转（横滚）pitch 俯仰stabilizer 安定面yaw 偏航yaw damper rate gyro 偏航率陀螺仪longitudinal axis 纵轴vertical axis 垂轴lateral axis 横轴actuating cylinder 动作筒faired position 中立位fall into spin 进入螺旋airfoil 翼部面s econdary flight control 辅助飞行操纵high lift device 增升装置TE（trailing edge）后缘LE（leading edge）前缘PTU（power transfer united）动力传输装置stall 失速maneuver 机动飞行inboard 内侧outboard 外侧slotted 开缝的three slotted flap 三开缝襟翼drag 阻力comparator比较仪roll rate滚转率mixer混合器deflection偏转aerodynamic mean chord平均空气动力弦torque扭力jack千斤顶fire protection（Ⅰ）防火fire protection防火overheat超温fire detection探火fire detection loop探火环fire alert火警戒fault monitoring circuit失效监控电路warning bell火警铃ground proximity近地EICAS（engine indicating and crew alerting system）发动机指示和机组警戒系统cathode-ray-tube阴极射线管engine nacelle发动机舱cargo compartment货舱thermal switch热电门continuous-loop连续环路bimetallic双金属的ceramic core陶瓷芯inconel tube因康镍合金管ceramic bead陶瓷珠eutectic salt易熔盐malfunction失效smoke detection烟雾探测squib爆炸帽lock down下锁inadvertent疏忽大意shutdown关车unlock开锁trip跳开关thrust reverser反推inert cold gas agents惰冷气灭火剂oxidizer氧化剂CO2（carbon dioxide）二氧化碳N1（nitrogen）氮inert gas惰气toxicity毒性freon氟利昂solvent溶剂compatible与……相溶cartridge燃爆筒lagging绝缘材料soak浸、泡residue滤渣、残余物extinguishing agent灭火剂pressure gauge压力表manifold管道rupture破裂upholstery饰面材料noxious gas毒气electrical system（Ⅱ）电子系统generate发电distribute配电essential power重要设备电源voltage电压phase相TRU（transformer rectifier unit）变压整流器bus汇流条lighting circuit照明电路emergency power应急电源standby power备用电源onboard机载static inverter静变流机battery电瓶ram air-driver generator冲压空气驱动发电机nickel cadmium battery镍镉电池CSD（constant speed drive）恒速驱动frequency电频IDG（integrated drive generator）综合驱动发电机engine-driven generator发动机驱动的发电机battery charger电瓶充电器switched hot battery bus转换热电瓶汇流条electrical load电载荷transfer bus转换汇流条transfer relay转换继电器respective各自的momentarily瞬间的onside本侧load载荷、电荷trip off跳开charge充电service bus勤务汇流条split bus分裂汇流条BTB(bus tie breaker）汇流条连接断路器GCU（generator control unit）发动机控制组件monitor监控division分配DPCTS(differential protection current transformers)压差保护电流变压器open断开short短路synchronous bus同步汇流条fuel燃油inner fuel tank内侧燃油箱integral tank整体油箱wing/fuselage structure机翼/机身结构wing tip翼尖fuel nozzle燃油喷嘴circulate循环vent surge tank通风（防震动）油箱spillage溢出cross-line横条线divert转向GW（gross weight）全重refuel access door加油板的盖板refuel coupling door加油口盖shroud drain mast排放管罩e/wd engine and warning display发动机警告指示spout喷射inject喷射cross feed valve交输供油活门suction valve虹吸活门condensation of moisture水气凝结sediment沉积物rupture破裂overflow drain溢流口replenish加油refuel panel access door加油面板盖板single refilling point单点加油口refuel coupling door加油连接口盖surge tank通风油箱magnetic fuel level indicator磁性油尺flush齐平drain valve排放活门、排水活门maintenance维护、维修float valve浮子活门filler cap漏斗口dump/jettison放油hydraulic system液压系统reservoir液压油箱、水库filter滤器、滤纸accumulator储压器、储蓄器expel排出、赶出piston活塞charge释放、放出wheel brake机轮刹车装置nose wheel steering前轮转向操纵primary flight control surface主飞行操纵面pressure regulator调压器emergency pump应急泵check valve单向活门selector valve选择活门actuating valve卸荷活门predetermined valve预定值ball valve球形活门return line回油管路spring pressure弹簧压力standpipe竖管ice and rain冰和雨repellent防护剂spray喷、向……喷射p erforate穿孔于thermal anti-icing system热防冰系统potable water lines饮用水线windshield风挡engine cowl发动机整流罩wiper刮水器static port静压口AOA（the angle of attack）迎角TA T（total air temperature）全温SAT（static air temperature）静温vinyl core乙烯树脂内芯glass pane玻璃窗格bird-strike鸟击conductive coating导电涂层acrylic pane丙烯酸树脂angle airflow sensor气流角度传感器delay circuit延迟电路solenoid valve电磁活门sight gage目视测量表attention gatter提醒灯chronograph记时器elapsed time已飞时间parameter参数checklist检查单dispense with省略un-clutter混乱UTC（coordinated universal time）协调世界时schematic图解形式eadi电子姿态指示器ehsi水平状态指示器symbol generator符号发生器arc mode弧型模式rose mode罗盘模式bearing pointer方位指针decision height决断高度ADF（automatic direction finder）自动定向机glide-slope下滑道deviation偏差side slip侧滑interface界面、接口、连接analog模拟DFDR（digital flight data recorder）数字式飞行数据记录器an underwater locator beacon水下信标机discrete signal离散信号slip ball球形侧滑仪cross bar十字指令杆stop-watch way秒表（跑表）记时方式roll index横滚标志superimpose重叠reference line参考线speed trend arrow速度趋势箭头true north真北raw data原始数据lubber line航向标线deviation bar偏离杆course pointer航道指针graduation刻度remote分装a double lined arrow双线箭头指针（双针）a gray analog altitude tape灰色模拟高度标尺带front course dagger向台航道箭形符号aids飞机集成数据系统ECAM（electronic centralized aircraft monitor）电子飞机集中监控synopsis概要orientation定向indent缩进discrete input signals离散的输入信号MEL（minimum equipment list）最低设备清单landing gear起落架ground loop打地转nose over拿大顶margin斜度chock轮挡bungee cord弹簧索（减震支柱）aluminum alloys铝合金shock absorber减震器、缓冲器rubber block橡皮块（减震器）oil-air strut油气式减震支柱tailwheel gear后三点式起落架tricycle gear前三点式起落架antiskid防滑装置shock strut减震支柱uplock hook上位锁钩（起落架的）alternate extension（起落架）备用放出actuator致动器、动作筒PSEU（proximity switch electronic unit）接近电门电子组件torsion links扭力臂truck assembly轮架组件trunnionlink轴颈连杆tiller操纵杆nosewheel steering前轮转向操纵thrust reverser反推装置shuttle valve往复活门down-lock link下锁连杆tilt倾斜centering cam定中凸轮over-centering过中bearing轴承carbon brake碳素钢刹车air conditioning system 空调系统pack 空调主件hot bleed air 热引气outlet duct 外流管bypass valve 旁通活门ram air 冲压空气inlet scoop 进气口trim air valve 调节空气pack flow switch 空调主件流量extractor fan 排气风扇guarded flap 有保护盖的导片isolation valve 隔离活门“light out”auto position “灯灭”自动状态blower 鼓风机extrctor 排风扇1overboard 机外onboard 机上open-circuit 开路closed-circuit 闭路configuration 形态passenger load 乘客载荷downstream 下游standing water 积水ATLN（alternate）备份channel 通道pneumatic 气源dual 双的switch over 交换pre-cooler 预冷机coolant 冷却机amber 琥珀色ventilation 通风circuit breaker 跳开关pressurization 增压flapper valves 瓣状活门profile 剖面toggle 扳钮开关vacuum 真空isao baric 等压barometric 气压pressure differentials 压差aneroid switch 膜盒气压stby（standby）备份DC（direct currency）直流电PSI（pound per square inch）磅/平方英尺ditch 水上迫降supercharger 增压器inadvertent 偶然的leakage 漏、渗apron 停机坪ceiling 顶板freight 货机accessory 副件throttle lever 油门杆cruise 巡航negative relief valve 负压释放活门positive pressure 正压airport elevation 机场标高autopilot 自动驾驶momentum 动量mimicking 模仿glare-shield 遮光板actuators 制动器surveillance 监视trajectory 轨迹quadrant 油门操纵杆FLEX（flexible）灵活的MCT（maximum continue thrust）最大连续推力elevators 升降舵aileron 副翼navaid 助航SID（standard instrument departure）标准仪表离场STAR（standard terminal arrival route）标准进场程序missed approach（go around）复飞dynamic 动力的augmentation 增加、增益flight envelope 飞行包线CDU（control display unit）控制显示组件FMA（flight mode annunciator）飞行方式显示器ADIRS（air data and inertial references system）大气数据及惯性基准系统MCP（mode control panel）方式控制面板。