Urban Economics Syllabus

ECON/URBS 3334URBAN ECONOMICSFall 2003Dr. Richard V. Butler Office Hours: Office: CGC 421 MWF 8:30 - 9:20 Phone: 999-7256 Th 1:30 - 3:30E-mail: rbutler@ and most other hoursby appointmentTEXT: Arthur O'Sullivan, Urban Economics, 5th edition (McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2003). The text is intended to give you comprehensive coverage of the major concepts and issues, and to serve as a general reference. Additional readings will be assigned at appropriate points during the semester to provide alternative points of view or to introduce new issues (see attached list).COURSE OBJECTIVES: To give you an understanding of why cities exist, of what constitutes the economic base of an urban region, of the importance of location and space in economic analysis, of the policy issues which arise in the functioning of selected urban markets, of the challenges facing local governments, and -- to a limited extent -- of the cross-cultural context of urban economic issues. Also, to make you a fluent analyst of urban policy alternatives.COURSE REQUIREMENTS: The course will be taught with a significant emphasis on class participation. While there will indeed be more than a few formal lectures, students are expected to come to class well-prepared to engage in lively and meaningful discussion of the issues raised in the assigned readings. As Tom Lehrer once said of life, this course is like a sewer: you will get out of it what you put into it!The formal course requirements are these:∙Contribution to class discussions (10% of the course grade);∙Two mini-midterms, on September 25th and October 30th (20%)∙ A 5-page decision memorandum on an assigned policy issue, due on October 9th (20%);∙ A team project requiring the analysis of a real problem for a real policymaker, with presentation to your “client” the week of November 17th and a final written report due November 25th (25%);∙An unusual final exam, on Friday, December 12th at 6:30 p.m. (20%); and∙An evaluation of the course, due at your final examination (5%).NOTE: Assignments not turned in on time will be assessed a penalty.POLICIES:Makeups for either the midterm or the final will be given only under extreme circumstances, and only with written corroboration of the emergency from a doctor or other appropriate official. Makeups are likely to be a) oral and b) harder than the regularly scheduled written exam.The minimum penalty for cheating (including plagiarism) is a zero on the assignment in question; generally, a grade of F in the course will also be assigned. In addition, the incident will be reported as provided in the University's Policy on Academic Integrity.Attendance at class meetings is expected; given the course's emphasis on discussion, it could hardly be otherwise. Indeed, if you are absent more than four times without a really good excuse for repeated absence, points will be deducted from your semester grade. You would do well to note that 10% of your grade depends on the quantity and quality of your class participation, and that it is quite difficult to participate when you're not present.ECON/URBS 3334 Syllabus -2- Fall 2003COURSE OUTLINE AND READING ASSIGNMENTS: The following represents an approximation to our schedule: it shows the path we'll take through the principal topics of the course and the corresponding chapters in O'Sullivan. Note that there are additional reading assignments for most of the topics; see the pages following for details. Specific daily reading assignments will be distributed separately.Class Meetings Topic Corresponding Chapter(s)8/28, 9/2 Introduction to Urban Economics 1Why do cities exist? 2, 39/4 – 9/23 Location Theory and Regional 4, 5, 6Economics9/25 – 10/2 Land Use 7, 8, 9FIRST MINI-MIDTERM (9/25)10/7 – 10/14 Zoning and Land Use Controls 10POLICY MEMO DUE (10/9)10/16 - 10/28 Housing 17, 1810/30 – 11/11 TransportationSECOND MINI-MIDTERM (10/30) 11, 1211/13, 11/18 Poverty and Discrimination 13, 14PROJECT PRESENTATION (Week of 11/17)11/20, 11/25 Crime 16PROJECT REPORT DUE (11/25)12/2, 12/4 The Local Public Sector 19, 2012/9 Conclusion: The Future of Cities12/12 FINAL EXAM (6:30 p.m.)ADDITIONAL READINGS for each topic are listed below.1. Readings not marked with a * are required - you will be held responsible for their content. Thesereadings may be found in the class website on Blackboard.2. Those readings marked with a * are optional. They are listed solely as a convenience for those3. An excellent compendium of Urban Studies information resources has been compiled for yourfurther exploration by Michael Kaminski, liaison librarian for Urban Studies. You can find it at/mkaminsk/URBS_READroom/index.htmECON/URBS 3334 Syllabus -3- Fall 2003A. WHY CITIES?1. Robert Daseler, “What Makes a City Great?” (unpublished)*2. Edward L. Glaeser and Jesse M. Shapiro, “City Growth and the 2000 Census: Which Places Grew, and Why,” Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy Survey Series (May2001).B. LOCATION THEORY, REGIONAL ECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTPOLICY1. Edwin S. Mills, "The Misuse of Regional Economic Models," Cato Journal (Spring/Summer 1993),29-392. Timothy J. Bartik, “Jobs, Productivity, and Local Economic Development: What Implications DoesEconomic Research Have for the Role of Government?” National Tax Journal (December 1994),847-862.3. Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys, “The Stadium Gambit and Local Economic Development,”Regulation, Vol. 23, No. 2 (2000), 15-20.4. Ingrid Gould Ellen and Amy Ellen Schw artz, “No Easy Answers: Cautionary Notes for CompetitiveCities,” The Brookings Review (Summer 2000), 44-47.*5. John M. Quigley, “Urban Diversity and Economic Growth,” Journal of Economic Perspectives (Spring 1998), 127-138.*6. Edward L. Glaeser, “Are Cities Dying?” Journal of Economic Perspectives (Spring 1998), 139-160.*7. Andrew C. Krikelas, "Why Regions Grow: A Review of Research on the Economic Base Model,"Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review (July/August 1992), 16-29.1993), 29-39.*8. Michael E. Porter, “Clusters and the New Economic Competition,” Harvard Business Review (November/December 1998), 77-90.*9. David M. Gordon, "Class Struggle and the Stages of American Urban Development," pp. 55-82 in David C. Perry and Alfred J. Watkins, eds., The Rise of the Sunbelt Cities (Sage, 1977).*10. Richard Florida, “The Rise of the Creative Class,” The Washington Monthly (May 2002).C. LAND USE*1. Richard B. Peiser, "Density and Urban Sprawl," Land Economics (August 1989), 193-204.*2. N. Edward Coulson, "Really Useful Tests of the Monocentric Model," Land Economics (August 1991), 299-307.*3. Alan Berube and Benjamin Forman, “Living on the Edge: Decentralization Within Cities in the 1990s,” The Living Cities Census Series, The Brookings Institution (October 2002).*4. Alex Marshall, How Cities Work: Suburbs, Sprawl and the Roads Not Taken, University of Texas Press (2001).*5. Molly O‟Meara Sheehan, “What Will It Take To Halt Sprawl?” World Watch (January/February 2002), 12-23.*6. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck, Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream (North Point Press, 2000).ECON/URBS 3334 Syllabus -4- Fall 2003D. ZONING AND LAND USE CONTROLS1. George W. Liebmann, “Modernization of Zoning: A Means to Reform,” Regulation (1996, #2), 71-77.2. Anthony Downs, “How America‟s Cities are Growing: The Big Picture,” The Brookings Review(Fall 1998), 8-11.3.Peter Gordon and Harry W. Richardson, “Prove It: The Costs and Benefits of Sprawl,” TheBrookings Review (Fall 1998), 23-25.4.William A. Fischel, “Comment on Carl Abbott‟s …The Portland Region: Where Cities and SuburbsTalk to Each Other –and Often Agree,‟” Housing Policy Debate, Vol. 8, Issue 1 (1998), 65-73.5.Randal O‟Toole, “Dense Thinkers,” Reason (January 1999), 44-52; Comments from readers andresponse by O‟Toole, Reason (April 1999), 48-51.6.Pietro S. Nivola, “Are Europe‟s Cities Better?” The Public Interest (Fall 1999), 73-84.*7. Edwin S. Mills, "Economic Analysis of Urban Land-Use Controls," pp. 511-541 in Peter Mieszkowski and Mahlon Straszheim, eds., Current Issues in Urban Economics (Johns Hopkins,1979).*8. Bernard Siegan, "Non-Zoning in Houston," Journal of Law and Economics (April 1970), 71-147.*9. William A. Fischel, The Economics of Zoning Laws (Johns Hopkins, 1985), especially Ch. 12.*10. Edward Glaeser and Joseph Gyourko, “Zoning‟s Steep Price,” Regulation (Fall 2002), 24-30.*11. Randal O‟Toole, “The Folly of …Smart Growth,‟” Regulation (Fall 2001), 20-25.E. HOUSING1. Thomas Hazlett, "Rent Controls and the Housing Crisis," pp. 277-300 in Johnson, Resolving theHousing Crisis. (1982)2. John Atlas and Peter Dreier, "The Phony Case Against Rent Control," The Progressive (April 1989),26-30.3. Scott Shuger, "Who are the Homeless?" The Washington Monthly (March 1990), 38-49.4. Bruce Katz, “Housing Vouchers: Performance and Potential,” Testimony to the Subcommittee onHousing and Community Opportunity of the Committee on Financial Services, U. S. House ofRepresentatives (June 17, 2003).* 5. John Tierney, “At the Intersection of Supply and Demand,” New York Times Magazine (May 4, 1997), 38ff.*6. Raymond J. Struyk, "The Distribution of Tenant Benefits from Rent Control in Urban Jordan," Land Economics (May 1988), 125-134.*7. Stuart A. Gabriel, “Urban Housing Policy in the 1990‟s,” Housing Policy Debate, Vol. 7, Issue 4 (1996), 673-693.*8. U.S. Department of HUD, Report to Congress on Rent Control (September 1991).*9. Martin Ravallion, "The Welfare Cost of Housing Standards: Theory with Application to Jakarta,"Journal of Urban Economics (1989), 197-211.*10. Walter Block and Edgar Olsen, Rent Control, Myths and Realities: International Evidence of the Effects of Rent Control in Six Countries (Enslow, 1981).*11. Jerome Rothenberg, George C. Galster, Richard V. Butler and John R. Pitkin, The Maze of Urban Housing Markets: Theory, Evidence and Policy (University of Chicago Press, 1991).*12. Gordon Berlin and William McAllister, “Homelessness: Why N othing Has Worked – And What Will,” Brookings Review (Fall 1992), 12-17.*13. William Tucker, "How Housing Regulations Cause Homelessness," The Public Interest (Winter 1992), 78-88.*14. James R. Barth and Robert E. Litan, “Uncle Sam in the Housing Marke t: the Section 8 Rental Subsidy Disaster,” The Brookings Review (Fall 1996), 22-25.1. Kenneth A. Small, “Urban Traffic Congestion: A New Approach to the Gordian Knot,” TheBrookings Review (Spring 1993), 6-11.2. Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson, "Notes from the Underground: the Failure of Urban MassTransit," The Public Interest (Winter 1989), 77-86.3.John F. Kain, "The Use of Straw Men in the Economic Evaluation of Rail Transport Projects,"American Economic Review (May 1992), 487-493.4.Anthony Downs, “The Future of U. S. Ground Transportation from 2000 to 2020,” Testimony to theSubcommittee on Highways and Transit of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure,U. S. House of Representatives (March 21, 2001).*5. Don H. Pickrell, "A Desire Named Streetcar: Fantasy and Fact in Rail Transit Planning," APA Journal (Spring 1992), 158-176.*6. Robert W. Poole, Jr. and C. Kenneth Orski, “HOT Lanes: A Better Way to Attack Urban Highway Congestion,” Regulation, Vol. 23, No. 1 (2000), 15-20.*7. Melvin M. Webber, "The BART Experience: What Have We Learned?" The Public Interest (Fall 1976), pp. 79-108.*8. Anthony Downs, Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion (Brookings, 1992).*9. Marcia D. Lowe, "Alternatives for the Automobile: Transport for Livable Cities," Worldwatch Paper #98 (The Worldwatch Institute, 1990).*10. John F. Kain, "Deception in Dallas: Strategic Misrepresentation in Rail Transit Promotion and Evaluation," APA Journal (Spring 1990), 184-195.*11. Eduardo Engel, Ronald Fischer and Alexander Galetovic, “A New Approach to Private Roads,”Regulation (Fall 2002), 18-22.*12. Janet Rothenburg Pack, “I‟ll Ride, You Pay: Social Benefits and Transit Subsidies,” The Brookings Review (Summer 1992), 48-51.G. POVERTY AND DISCRIMINATION1. Howard M. Wachtel, "Looking at Poverty from a Radical Perspective," pp. 307-312 in David M.Gordon, ed., Problems in Political Economy: An Urban Perspective, 2nd edition (D.C. Heath,1977).2.Martin Feldstei n, “Reducing Poverty, not Inequality,” The Public Interest (Fall 1999), 33-41.3.Jason DeParle, “Why We Needed Welfare Reform”, The Washington Monthly (July/August 1997),pp. 42-45.4.Kenneth J.Arrow, “What Has Economics to Say About Racial Discrimination?” Journal ofEconomic Perspectives (Spring 1998), 91-100.5.Margy Waller, “Remarks to the American Public Human Services Association Summer Meeting”(July 21, 2003).*6. Ingrid Gould Ellen, “Welcome Neighbors? New Evidence on the Possibility of Stable Racial Integration,” The Brookings Review (Winter 1997), pp. 18-21.*7. Bruce Katz and Katherine Allen, “Help Wanted: Connecting Inner-City Job Seekers with Suburban Jobs,” The Brookings Review (Fall 1999), 31-35.*8. Thomas Schelling, "The Ecology of Micromotives," The Public Interest (Fall 1971).*9. Gary Becker, The Economics of Discrimination.*10. William Julius Wilson, When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor (1996).*11. William Breit and John B. Horowitz, “Discrimination and D iversity: Market and Non-market Settings,” Public Choice (1995), 63-75.*12. Rebecca M. Blank, “Policy Watch: The 1996 Welfare Reform,” Journal of Economic Perspectives (Winter 1997), 169-177.*13. Edwin S. Mills and Luan‟ Sende Lubuele, “Inner Cities,” Journal of Economic Perspectives (June 1997), 727-756.1. Anonymous, “Crime and Punishment,” Economic Issues (November 1996), 1ff.2. Ann Dryden Witte, “Urban Crime: Issues and Policies,” Housing Policy Debate, Vol. 7, Issue 4(1996), 673-693.*3. David R. Henderson, "A Humane Economist's Case for Drug Legalization,” U. C. Davis Law Review (1991), 655-676.*4. Ann Morrison Piehl and John J. DiIulio, Jr., "'Does Prison Pay?' Revisited: Returning to the Crime Scene," The Brookings Review (Winter 1995), 21-25.*5. Anonymous, "Let the Punishment Fit the Crime," Regulation (1988, Number 3), 5-8.*6. John R. Lott, Jr., More Guns, Less Crime (1990).*7. Isaac Ehrlich, “Crime, Punishment and the Market for Offenses,” Journal of Economic Perspectives (Winter 1996), pp. 43-67.*8. John J. DiIulio, Jr., “Help Wanted: Economists, Crime and Public Policy,” Journal of Economic Perspectives (Winter 1996), pp. 3-24.I. THE LOCAL PUBLIC SECTOR1.Geoffrey E. Segal and Samuel R. Staley, “City of Angels, Valley of Rebels,” Cato Policy Report(September/October 2002), 1ff.*2. Edward W. Hill and Jeremy Nowack, “Nothing Left to Lose: Only Radical Strategies Can Help America‟s Most Distressed Cities,” The Brookings Review (Summer 2000), 25-28.*3. Fred Siegel, “Is Regional Government the Answer?” The Public Interest (Fall 1999), 85-98.*4. Charles T. Clotfelter, "The Private Life of Public Economics," Southern Economic Journal (April 1993), 579-596.*5. Werner W. Pommerehne and Susanne Krebs, "Fiscal Interactions of Central City and Suburbs: The Case of Zurich," Urban Studies (1991), 783-801.*6. Steven Ginsberg, “Two Cheers for the Property Tax,” The Washington Monthly (October 1997), pp.33-35.*7. Heywood T. Sanders, "What Infrastructure Crisis?" The Public Interest (Winter 1993), 3-18*8. Bruce Katz, “Enough of the Small Stuff! Toward a New Urban Agenda,” The Brookings Review (Summer 2000), 7-11.J. CONCLUSION: THE FUTURE OF CITIES*1. Edwin S. Mills and Bruce W. Hamilton, "Urbanization in Developing Countries," Ch. 17 in their Urban Economics, 5th ed. (HarperCollins, 1994), 433-458.*2. Lester R. Brown and Jodi L. Jacobson, "The Future of Urbanization: Facing the Ecological and Economic Constraints," Worldwatch Paper #77 (The Worldwatch Institute, 1987).*3. Katherine L. Bradbury, Anthony Downs and Kenneth A. Small, "Forces Affecting the Future of Cities" and "General Conclusions about the Future of Cities," chs. 8 and 9 in their Urban Declineand the Future of American Cities (Brookings, 1982).*4. Exequiel Eziurra and Marisa Mazari-Hiriart, “Are Mega Cities Viable?” Environment(January/February 1996), 6ff.*5. “Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World,” World Bank Webcast, at /wbi/B-SPAN/sub_cities_transformed.htm。

区域和城市经济学教学大纲授课教师：张庆华课程目的介绍区域和城市经济学的理论前沿与实证分析方法．指导学生对诸如城市化, 区域发展不平衡, 集聚效应，城市群（或城市系统）及其空间布局，交通，房地产，以及地方政府财政等热点问题进行探讨。

课程要求通过学习本课程，学生应该对现代区域和城市经济学的理论前沿与实证分析方法有全面深入的了解。

并且提交一篇有独创性的论文。

课程评分论文60％，课堂报告30％, 课堂参与10%主要教材Henderson, J.V. and J.F. Thisse (eds.), Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, Amsterdam: North Holland, 2004主要参考书Fujita, M., Krugman, P.R. and Venables, A.J., The Spatial Economy:Cities, Regions and International Trade, Cambridge (Mass): MIT press, 1999.Fujita, M., Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size, Cambridge University Press, 1989.课程内容1.经济活动的空间布局：理论和实证(21 学时))1）集聚效应，溢出效应和外部性：城市的规模和效率（6学时）Reading:Duranton, G and D. Puga, “Micro-foundations of Urban Agglomeration Economies” in Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, Amsterdam, North Holland, 2004.Rosenthal, S. and W. Strange, “Evidence on the Nature and Sources of Agglomeration Economies ” in Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, Amsterdam, North Holland, 2004.Moretti, E., “Worker’s Education, Spillovers and Productivity”, AER, 2004Henderson, V. and M. Arzaghi. “Networking and Location of Advertising Agencies.” (2008) Review of Economic Studies, 75, 1011-1038Ciccone, A. and G. Peri. “Identifying Human Capital Externalities: Theory with Applicati ons.” Review of Economic Studies (2006): 73, 381-412.Greenstone M., R. Hornbeck, and E. Moretti (2010) “Identifying Agglomeration Spillovers: Evidence from Winners and Losers of Large Plant Openings”. J. of Political EconomyBay er, P., S. Ross, and G. Topa (2008), “Place of Work and Place of Residence…”Journal of Political Economy, 116, 1150-1196Rosenthal S. and W. Strange (2008) “The Attenuation of Human Capital Spillovers,”Journal of Urban Economics, 64, 373-3892）城市群和城市系统（6学时）Reading:Henderson, J.V. and R. Becker, “Political Economy of City Sizes and Formation,” Journal of Urban Economics, 2001, (48).Black, D. and J.V. Henderson, “Urban Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, 1999, (107).Henderson, J.V., “Growth and Urbanization” in Handbook of Economic Growth, Agion and Durlauf (eds.).Duranton, “Urban Evolutions: the Still, the Slow and the Fast”, AER, 2007 （97），197-221Henderson, J.V. and A.J. V enables. (2009) “The Dynamics of City Formation.”Review of Economic Dynamics, 12, 233-254Krugman, P. (1991) "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography." Journal of Political Economy, 99, 3, 483-499.Puga, D. (1999) “The Rise and Fall of Regional Inequalities. ”European Economic Review 43, 303-334.Behrens, K., G. Duranton, and F. Robert-Nicoud (2011) “Productive cities: Sorting, Selection and Agglomeration” mimeoHelsley R. and W. Strange (2011) “Coagglomeration” Berkeley mimeoFujita, M., Krugman, P.R. and Venables, A.J., The Spatial Economy:Cities, Regions andInternational Trade, Cambridge (Mass): MIT press, 1999. Chapters 4,5,63）城市系统和经济活动空间分布的实证分析（3学时）Reading:Black, D. and J.V. Henderson, “Spatial Evolution of Population and Industry,” Papers and Proceedings of American Economic Review, May 1999.Ellison, G. and E. Glaeser, “Geographic Concentration of Industry,” Papers and Proceedings of American Economic Review, May 1999.Gabaix, X., “Zipf’s Law of Growth of Cities,” Papers and Proceedings of American Economic Review, May 1999.Au and Henderson, “Are Chinese Cities too Small?” Review of Economic Studies, 2006Duranton and Overman, “Testing for localization using micro-geographic data”, Review of Economic Studies, 20054) 搜索与匹配在城市经济学的应用（3学时）Reading:Helsley, R. and W. Strange (1990). “Matching and Agglomeration Economies in a System of Cities.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 20, 189-212.Gan and Zhang, “The Thick Market Effect on Local Unemployment Fluctuations”, Journal of Econometrics, 2006Berliant, Reed and Wang, 2000, “Knowledge Exchange, Matching, and Agglomeration.”Journal of Urban Economics 60 (2006) 69–955) 城市内部结构（3学时）Reading:Fujita, M., Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size, Cambridge University Press, 1989. Chapters 2,3,4Lucas and Rossi-Hansberg, 2002, “On the Internal Structure of Cities,” Econometrica 70(4): 1445--14762.专题讨论(12学时)1）城市的工资，价值和福利：如何度量Glaeser, E., J. Scheinkman, and A. Shleifer (1995) “Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Cities.” Journal of Monetary Economics 36, 117-143.Roback, J. 1982, “Wages, Rents and Quality of Life,” Journal of Political Economy, 1257- 1278Glaeser, E. and D. Mare (2001). “Cities and Skills.” Journal of Labor Economics.): 91, 316-342Baum-Snow, N. and R. Pavin (2011) “Understanding the City Size Wage Gap,” Review of Economic Studies, forthcomingAlbouy D. (2009) “What are Cities Worth? Land Rents, Local Productivity and the Capitalization of Amenity ValuesDesmet K. and E. Rossi_Hansberg, 2011 “Urban Accounting and Welfare”, Princeton Mimeo2）城市房地产Reading:Siqi Zheng, Matthew E.Kahn, “Land and residential property markets in a booming economy: New evidence from Beijing”, Journal o f Urban Economics 63 (2008), 743-757Saiz, A. (2010), “The geographic determinants of housing supply” Quarterly Journal of EconomicsB.Glaeser, E. and J. Gyourko (2003).”The Impact of Building Restrictions on Housing Affordability.”Economics Policy Review 9, 21-39.Haughwout, A., M. Turner, W. van der Klaauw (2011), “Land Use Regulation and Welfare”Mimeo, U. of TorontoQuigley J. and S. Raphael (2005) “Regulation and the high costs of housing” American Economic Review, 95, 323-328C.Housing Tenure Choice modelHenderson, J. V., and Y. M. Ioannides. “A Model of Housing Tenure Choice,” American Economic Review, 1983, 73 (March), 98-113.Ioannides, Y. M., and S. S. Rosenthal. “Estimating the Consumption and Investment Demands for Housing and their Effect on Housing Tenure Status,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 1994, 76 (February), 127-141.D.China’s urban housing ma rketShing-yi Wang, “Credit Constraints, Job Mobility and Entrepreneurship: evidence from a Property Reform in China,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 2012Shing-yi Wang, “State Misallocation and Housing Prices: Theory and Evidence from China,”AER 2011“The Ability to Build Up: Evidence from Matched Land Parcel and Residential Development Project Data in Chinese Cities,” with Zhi Wang, 2013“How Does Capital Gains influence Housing Tenure Choice and Housing Investment Demand: Evidence from China’s Urban Household Survey Data,” 2013, with Y ujin Cao and Hongbin Cai“Fundamentals in China’s Urban Housing Markets: Land Supply, Hukou Population, and Housing Price Appreciation,” with Zhi Wang, 2013,revision requested by Journal of Housing EconomicsNathaniel Baum‐Snow, Loren Brandt, J. Vernon Henderson, Matthew A. Turner and Qinghua Zhang (2012), Roads, Railroads and Decentralization of Chinese Cities。

Syllabus of International Economics and Trade Names of Main Courses:1.International Clearance2.International Finance3.A Brief Introduction of International Trade4.International Trade Practice5.Customs Clearance Practices6.Management and Practice of Multinational Company7.Business Correspondence8.Trade negotiations9.Western EconomicsSyllabus of International FinanceFor: International Economics and TradeTotal Class Hours: 54Aims:This course introduces students to International Finance and equips them with basic concepts, and methods to study and analyze international economic issues and problems. It will lay a hard foundation for on Finance study and work in the future.Prerequisites:1.To understand properties, tasks and its researching targets; its system,structure overall2.To grasp basic concepts and theories, basic principles and methods,and development of international finance3.To learn to apply theories and principles to practice and analyzefinancial problems and specific cases with relevant theories.Teaching Mode:Lectures and case studyCourse Contents:Chapter one Foreign Currency and Exchange Rate1.1Definition and categories of currency1.2Definition, exchange quotation and categories of currency Rate1.3Currency basis and main factors affecting it1.4Function of currency changes to economyKey points and Difficulties:Exchange Quotation; main factors and functions of currency and currency changeChapter Two Currency System and Exchange Control2.1 Categories of currency system2.2 Fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate2.3 History and purpose of exchange control2.4 Measures of exchange control2.5 Functions of exchange control2.6 Evolution and contents of foreign currency management in China2.7 RMB exchange rate system and its theoretical parityKey points and difficulties:Fixed exchange rate system and floating exchange rate system; pegging exchange rate, exchange control, complex exchange rate system, evasion, and arbitrage and Currency convertibilityChapter Three Foreign Exchange Market and Foreign Exchange Transactions3.1W hat is foreign exchange market3.2M ajor international markets and their transaction systems3.3T ransaction means3.3.1Spot transactions and forward transactions3.3.2Arbitrage trading and arbitrage trading3.3.3Swap3.3.4Foreign exchange futures and optionsKey points and difficulties:Foreign exchange market, foreign transaction, spot transaction and forward transaction; arbitrage trading and arbitrage trading, swap, foreign exchange futures and optionsChapter Four Foreign Exchange Risk Management4.1 What is exchange risk4.2 Causes and measures of exchange risk4.3 Enterprise Foreign exchange risk management approaches4.4 Bank Foreign exchange risk management approachKey points and difficulties:Recognize and measure all kinds of risks of foreign exchange and management approachesChapter Five International balance of payments5.1 What is international balance of payments5.2 Economic functions fo balance of payments5.3 Imbalance of international payments and its function5.4 Adjustment methods of imbalance of international paymentsKey points and difficulties:International balance of payments and its preparing methods; causes of imbalance and its functions to economy and adjustment methodsChapter Six International Reserves6.1 What are international reserves6.2 Management principles and policy options of international reserves 6.3 international reserves management in ChinaKey points and difficulties:International reserves, international liquidity, foreign exchange reserves, SDR; management principles and its functions,management principles in ChinaChapter Seven International Financial Markets7.1 What are international financial markets7.2 Classifications of international financial markets7.2.1 Foreign exchange market7.2.2 Money market7.2.3 Capital markets7.3 What are money markets in Europe7.4 Financial derivatives market7.4.1 Financial futures markets and futures trading rules7.4.2 Financial options market and options trading rulesKey points and difficulties:International financial markets, foreign exchange market, money markets, capital markets, money markets in Europe, offshore financial markets, financial derivatives; differences between offshore financial markets and traditional financial markets; financial derivatives trading rules and its supervision.Chapter Eight International Capital Flows8.1 What is international capital flows8.2 Benefits and risks of international capital flows8.3 International debt and its measurement index8.4 Causes and solutions of international debt crisis8.5 International capital flows and financial crisis in developing countries Key points and difficulties:Categories, contents and features of international capital flows; benefits and risks of international capital flowsChapter Nine International Settlement9.1N otes and documents in international settlement9.2M eans of international settlementKey points and difficulties:Categories and definitions of notes and documents in international settlement; different settlement means and usage; general business credit, standby letters of credit and bank guaranteeChapter Ten International Monetary Systems10.1 What are international monetary systems10.2 International monetary system10.2.1 International gold standard10.2.2 Bretton Woods system10.2.3 Jamaica monetary system10.3 Regional monetary system10.3.1 Effect of European Monetary System and European Monetary Union on economy10.4 Functions of European financial institutions in international monetary systemKey points and difficulties:International gold standard, Bretton Woods system, Jamaica monetary system, European Monetary Union, Euro; requirements of developing countries to international monetary system; History of Euro and its functions to world economyChapter Eleven International Finance Theory11.1 International balance of payments theory11.2 Exchange Rate Theory11.3 Theory of international capital flowsKey points and difficulties:Typical views on international balance of payments theory, such as Mercantilism’ theory of the balance of trade, Hume’s Price-cash flow mechanism; Purchasing power parity, psychological exchange, Export of capital, Capital input, Theory of capital controlsClass hour allocation:5 hours per chapter(4 hours for Chapter 11 only), totally 54 hours.Main references:Biaoru, C. (1990). Introduction of International Finance. Shanghai: Huadong Normal University Press.Obstfeld, P. R. K. M. (1998). International Economics. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press.Salvatore, D. (1998). International Economics. Beijing: Qinghua University Press.Shunian, L. (1995). International Finance. Beijing: International Business and Economics University Press.Xiang, T., & Yulu, C. (1996). International Finance and Management.Beijing: Renmin University of China Press.Syllabus of Introduction of International TradeFor: International Economics and TradeTotal Class Hours: 72Aims:This course introduces students to International trade and its theories and policies, and equips them with basic theories, viewpoints and methods to analyze international economic issues and trade problems. It will lay a hard foundation for on Finance study and work in the future.Courses contents:Part One Basis of International TradeChapter One Summary of international tradeAims and requirements:This chapter focuses on the researching objects, means and contents of international trade; students are required to master the basic concepts and the whole frame of international trade system.Key points and difficulties: researching objects, contents and basic conceptsChapter Two International Division of Labor and International Trade Aims and requirements:This chapter mainly touches on the relation between internationaldivision of labor and international trade; students are required to know factors causing labor division and different features of it at different stages; interactive relation between labor division and international trade. Key points and difficulties: main factors affecting international labor division.Chapter Three International Labor Division and World MarketAims and requirements:Students are required to know production and development of world market, systems and main features of world market and makeup and manifestations of price of world market.Key points and difficulties:Current world market systemChapter Four International Trade and Economic GrowthAims and requirements:Students are required to know the growing role of international trade in economy and the interactive relation between international trade and economic growth.Key points and difficulties:Economic growth’s effect to balance of international tradeChapter Five International Trade and Economic StructureAims and requirements:Studens are required to know the interactive relation between international trade and economic structure.Key points and difficulties:Infant industries and their protectionChapter Six Strategic Model of International TradeAims and requirements:Students are required to know the definition of Export and import substitution strategy and the main factors and selection principles affecting Export and import substitution strategyKey points and difficulties:Import substitution strategy and its theoretical basis, Export-oriented strategyPart Two International Trade TheoriesChapter Seven Classical International Trade ModelAims and requirements:Students are required to grasp the main theories of Mercantilism, absolute cost theory, comparative cost theory and Dornbush Fisher Samuelson Model.Key points and difficulties:Ricardo - Krugman modelChapter Eight Neoclassical International Trade ModelAims and requirements:Students are required to know Equilibrium open economy, mutual needs theory, factor endowment theory and Leontief MysteryKey points and difficulties:Mutual needs theory and factor endowment theoryChapter Nine Imperfect Competition Model of International TradeAims and requirements:Students are required to master scale economy and international trade, intraindustrial international trade, imperfect competitive market and International Competitive AdvantageKey points and difficulties:Intraindustrial international tradeChapter Ten Dynamic International Trade ModelAims and requirements:Students are required to master product life cycle theory, technological gap theory, technology spillover and “scientific” model and neoclassicaltheory.Key points and difficulties:Product life cycle theory and technological gap theoryChapter Eleven New Elements Model of International TradeAims and requirements:Students are required to know human capital and international trade; R&D and international trade, information and international trade, systems and international trade.Key points and requirements:Human capital and international tradeChapter Twelve Model of International Factor MobilityAims and requirements:Students are required to master international capital flow model, international factor and goods mobility and international technology mobility model.Key points and difficulties:International capital flow modelPart Three International Trade PolicyChapter Thirteen Introduction of International Trade PolicyAims and requirements:Students are required to know the evolution of international trade, options of international trade policy and its features, to lay a basis for future study.Chapter Fourteen Tariff MeasuresAims and requirements:Students are required to grasp rate of tariff protection and tariff effects models and know of tariff, tariff system and types of tariffKey points and difficulties:Tariff effects modelChapter Fifteen Non-tariff MeasuresAims and requirements:Students are required to grasp analysis of non-tariff effects and know types of non-tariff measures and its basic featuresKey points and difficulties:Analysis of non-tariff measure effectsChapter Sixteen Export Promotion and Export ControlAims and requirements:Students are required to grasp measures of export promotion and knowhow to analyze the economic effects export promotion and export control. Key points and difficulties:Measures of export promotionChapter Seventeen Strategic Trade PolicyAims and requirements:Students are required to know the theoretical basis of strategic trade policy, basic model and its applicationKey points and difficulties:Theoretical basis of strategic trade policyChapter Eighteen Political Economy of Trade PolicyAims and requirements:Students are required to know trade policy and political factors, rent-seeking and trade policy; game and coordination in international trade policy.Key points and difficulties:Trade policy and political factorPart Four International Trade TopicsChapter Nineteen World Trade Organization and International Trade Aims and requirements:Students are required to grasp the principles and main functions of WTO; know features of GATT related with WTO, analyze the relation among WTO, world trade and China.Key points and difficulties:Principles and functions of WTOChapter Twenty Regional Economic Integration and International Trade Aims and requirements:Students are required to know main content and forms, interactive relation and models of regional economic integrationKey points and difficulties:Models of regional economic integrationChapter Twenty One International Investment and TradeAims and requirements:Students are required to learn the main content and forms, interactive relation and theories of international investmentKey points and difficulties:International investment theoryChapter Twenty Two Transnational Corporation and International Trade Aims and requirements:Students are required to know general features of transnational corporation, major features of management and its effect on macro economyKey points and difficulties:Management of transnational corporationChapter Twenty Three International Trade in ServiceAims and requirements:Students are required to general features of transnational corporation, major features of management and its effect on macro economyKey points and difficulties:Models of international trade in serviceChapter Twenty Four International Trade PatternsAims and requirements:Students are required to know trade features of developed countries and developing countries; to know international economic order and trade patterns and their adjustments.Key points and difficulties:International economic order and trade patterns, and their adjustments.\Main referenceSalvatore, D. (1998). International Economics. Beijing: QingHua University Press.Xian, C. (1998). International Trade Shanghai Lixin Accounting Publishing HouseXinlei, S. (2001). Theories and Policies of International Economics.Chengdu: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Press.Syllabus of International Trade PracticeFor: International economics and tradeTotal class hours: 36International Trade Practice is a backbone course of specialty of Trade Economics，and it is a course of studying the procedure of international exchange of commodities, and it also have characteristics of foreign activities. The task of this course is: In terms of practice and law, analyzing and studying various kinds of methods of international exchange of commodities, summarizing foreign practical experiences in order to carry out the principles and policies of foreign trade of our country, not only can guarantee the best economic benefits, but also can handle affairs according to the international practice, and make our basic methods can be generally accepted for the international community. Through this course students are required to master basic theories, knowledge and basic skill of the foreign trade business, understand the trade procedure of imports and exports and grasp the method and skill of drafting sales contract clauses.Part One International Trade TermsChapter One International Trade TermsAims:Trade term is the key content of this course. It requires students tograsp the explanations for 13 trade terms of INCO terms 2000 through studying, especially the definitions, characteristic and applications of some important trade term.Key points:The coverage of INCO terms 2000; the meaning of FOB, CFR, CIF, FCA ,CPT, CIP, shipment contract, Symbol Delivery, the varieties of trade term.Teaching difficulties:The same points and different points of FOB, CFR, CIF and the difference among FCA, CPT, CIP, summary of trade terms, choosing of trade terms.Teaching contentLaws and practices for sales of international cargo, the main content of sales contracts, general procedure of sale-goods and main content of this course.Part Two International Sale of GoodsChapter Two Name, Quality and PackingAims:This chapter requires students to study and grasp the importance concluding the quality clause and basic method in the sales contract through this Section, and grasp how to stipulate quantity clauses, andstudy the basic content of the packaging clause, and grasp the general description about the goods on the whole.Key points:Choosing the methods of descript quality correctly, using chipping mark, more and short clause and neutral packing.Teaching Difficulties:Related stipulations about quantity clause of ConversionChapter Three Transport of International GoodsAims:This Section is emphasis the modes of transport，how to stipulate the shipment clause in the contract，how to deal with the shipment document, especially the ocean transportation.Key points:Mode of ocean transport, related documents, clause, accounting the freight of line transportTeaching difficulties:Nature of B/L, kinds of B/L, stipulations about partial shipment and transshipment in UCP500Chapter Four Insurance of International GoodsAims:This Section tells mainly that transports the range that the cargo insurance gives cover for by sea, our country transports cargo insurance risk and such contents as the clause and transportation insurance practice of cargoes imported and exported, etc. by sea.Key points:Related knowledge about insurance of ocean transportTeaching difficulties:Decision of insurance amount, Choice of insurance averageChapter Five Price of International GoodsAims:Through the studying of this chapter, student can grasp the price of the imported and exported goods correctly, adopting various kinds of and fix a price for the method rationally, selecting the favorable pricing currency for use, using relevant commission and discount properly, and ordering the price clause in the contract.Key points:Accounting the commission and discount, exchange the price. Teaching difficulties:Choice to the method of accounting the priceChapter Six Collection and PaymentAims:This chapter mainly introduces the process of international settlement, such as means of payment, payment time, payment place, etc. Among them the L/C and its related issues are discussed in great details. This Section is a key Section of this book.Key points:Draft, L/C, International Factor and Choice of payment instruments. Teaching difficulties:Transferable L/C, relationship of 3 periods of L/C, Usance L/ C payable at sight.Chapter Seven Inspection, Claim, Arbitration and Force Majeure Aims:This chapter mainly introduces inspection, claim, arbitration, Force Majeure and related knowledge in international merchandise trade.Key points:Choosing the time and the place of inspection, deciding the claim party, stipulating the claim clause, judgment of Force Majeure matter, forms and functions of arbitration, results of arbitrationTeaching difficulties:Commencement and termination of Force MajeurePart Three Trade Negotiation and Contract PreparationChapter Eight Export Business Negotiation and Conclusion of ContractAims:This Section tells the general procedures of business negotiation, the basically contents and establishment of contract, etc.Key points:This Section is key on offer and accept, effective time, whether to revocable or withdraw.Teaching difficulties:Stipulations about offer and accept in ConventionChapter Nine Performance of Import and Export ContrastAims:This chapter mainly talks about the main steps in the general process in performance of the contract and its related issues that should be pay close attention to.Key points:The key points of Urging establishment of L/C, notices of verify the L/C Teaching difficulties:Auditing of credit amount and Export bill purchasePart Four International Trade FormsChapter Ten International Trade FormsAims:This chapter mainly tells about the concept and characteristic of various trade forms; main contents of various trade agreement; and issues of using various trade forms.Key points:Distribution, Sole Distribution, Solo Agent or Exclusive Agent, Consignment, Fairs and Sales, Invitation to Tender and Submission, Auction, Processing tradeTeaching difficulties:The Comparison of Sole Distribution and Solo Agent, differences of processing with imported material and supplied material.Main reference:Baifu, W. (1996). Textbook of Import and Export Trade Practice.Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press.Xiaoxian, L. (1994). International Trade Practice. Beijing University Press of International Business and Economics.Yongyou, Y. (1999). International Trade Practice. Wuhan: Hubei People's Press.。

城市经济学概念
城市经济学（Urban Economics）是经济学的一个分支，研究城市的经济活动和城市经济发展的规律。

它主要关注城市中的市场行为、土地利用、人口流动、城市规模等方面的问题，旨在理解城市经济如何形成和发展，以及城市经济政策的制定和执行。

城市经济学涉及的主要概念包括：
1. 城市化（Urbanization）：城市经济学关注城市的形成和发展过程，城市化是指人口从农村向城市迁移和集中，城市规模扩大的过程。

城市化对经济发展有重要影响，包括劳动力市场的变化、经济增长的加速以及城市基础设施的建设等。

2. 城市功能（Urban Functions）：城市经济学认为，城市有不同的经济功能，包括制造业、服务业、金融业等。

城市的功能结构会随着经济发展阶段和特定的地理条件变化。

3. 土地利用（Land Use）：城市经济学研究了城市中土地的分配和利用问题，包括住宅区、商业区、工业区等不同类型的土地利用。

土地利用的决策会受到市场力量、政府政策以及城市规划等因素的影响。

4. 交通与交通拥堵（Transportation and Congestion）：城市经济学研究了城市中的交通问题，包括交通流量、道路网络、城市交通拥堵等。

交通拥堵对城市经济活动和居民生活产生负面影响，因此交通规划和交通管理成为城市经济学研究的重要领
域。

5. 城市发展政策（Urban Development Policies）：城市经济学研究了城市发展的政策工具和措施，包括土地使用规划、城市基础设施建设、经济发展策略等。

城市经济学为城市政府和决策者提供了指导和参考，帮助他们制定和实施合理的城市发展政策。

PEKING UNIVERSITYHSBC BUSINESS SCHOOLProfessor KONG YingCourse OutlineManagerial EconomicsCOURSE DESCRIPTIONManagerial Economics is the application of economic theory and methodology to managerial decision making problems within various organizational settings such as a firm or a government agency. The emphasis in this course will be on demand analysis and estimation, production and cost analysis under different market conditions, advanced topics in business strategy. Students taking this course are expected to have had some exposure to economics and be comfortable with basic algebra. Some knowledge of calculus would also be helpful.COURSE OBJECTIVEIn today's dynamic economic environment, effective managerial decision making requires timely and efficient use of information. The purpose of this course is to provide students with a basic understanding of the economic theory and analytical tools that can be used in decision making problems. Students who successfully complete the course will have a good understanding of economic concepts and tools that have direct managerial applications. The course will sharpen their analytical skills through integrating their knowledge of the economic theory with decision making techniques. Students will learn to use economic models to isolate the relevant elements of a managerial problem, identify their relationships, and formulate them into a managerial model to which decision making tools can be applied. Among the topics covered in the course are: price determination in alternative market structures, demand theory, production and cost functions, and business strategy. In addition, the course will provide a basic introduction to econometric analysis and its role in managerial decision making.TEXBOOKS AND CLASS NOTESThe main textbook is Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, 7th ed. by Michael Baye, McGraw HillClass notes (PPT) and other materials will be posted online for students download.COURSE EVELUATIONMidterm Exam: 30%Final Exam: 50% Consulting Projects: 20%SYLLABUSAll chapters listed below refer to the Baye textbook unless otherwise indicated. You are responsible for materials in the Baye text that correspond to the material covered in class. The Baye text should be viewed as a learning aide, NOT as an independent source of examinable material. However, doing questions end of each chapters will greatly help you to prepare exams.Week 1The Fundamentals of Managerial Economics Ch 1Market Forces: Demand and Supply Ch 2Week 2Quantitative Demand Analysis Ch 3The Theory of Individual Behavior Ch 4Week 3The Production Process and Costs Ch 5Week 4The Organization of the Firm Ch 6The Nature of Industry Ch 7Week 5Midterm ExamManaging in Competitive, Monopolistic,Monopolistically Competitive Market Ch 8Week 6Basic Oligopoly Models Ch 9Game Theory: Inside Oligopoly Ch 10Week 7Pricing Strategies for Firms with Market Power Ch 11Week 8The Economics of Information Ch 12Advanced Topics in Business Strategy Ch 13Week 9A Manager’s Guide to Government in the Marketplace Ch 14Project Presentation and Hand InFinal Exam (TBD)CONSULTING PROJECTSIn order to help students to build up the managerial economics analysis skill we provide 4 real world consulting projects in the course. Students are required to independently conduct 4 consulting reports regarding to the 4 projects. The exercises require you to apply some of the tools you learned in each chapter covered in the class to make a recommendation based on an actual business scenario. The topics of 4 consulting projects are,·Estimating Industry Demand for Fresh Market Carrots·Estimation and Analysis of Demand for Fast Food Meals·Production Decisions at Harding Silicon Enterprises, Inc.·Pricing and Production Decisions at PoolVac, Inc.Cheating, Plagiarism and Free RiderThe penalties for any form of cheating or plagiarism (whether in exams or project) are severe. Written work submitted must be your own. Any sources of information used in completing your work must be identified. Plagiarized written work will not be accepted and you should be aware that non acceptance of a submission might, in some cases, lead to failure in the course. Since the project is a team work, the final report should identify each student’s contribution. The significant uneven contribution in the work will lead to less mark for the student who made less contribution comparing to his/her team member.。

《政治经济学》课程教学大纲Syllabus of《Political Economics》课程代码：221101004课程类别：专业基础课课程性质：必修开课学期：第2学期总学时： 72（讲课：72）总学分：4考核方式：闭卷考试先修课程：经济学原理适用专业：经济学专业一、课程简介《政治经济学》是经济学专业的一门专业基础课，是经济类专业大学本科阶段的一门专业必修课。

该课程以人们的社会生产关系即经济关系为研究对象，系统阐述其科学原理，阐明人类社会各个发展阶段上支配物质资料的生产和分配的规律。

本课程的主要内容包括：政治经济学对象与方法、商品经济、资本与剩余价值、社会主义初级阶段的基本经济任务等。

该门课程的开设为后续学习金融学、财政学等课程奠定一定的理论基础。

二、课程目标及其对毕业要求的支撑通过本课程教学，使学生系统掌握马克思主义政治经济学的基本内容，使学生一方面全面掌握马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理，理解人类社会由低级向高级发展的一般规律，尤其是资本主义经济制度产生、发展、各种矛盾的出现与激化使资本主义无法在内部解决，必然走向灭亡的历史规律；另一方面全面掌握马克思主义政治经济学中所揭示的商品经济、市场经济运行的一般规律与各种经济范畴，从宏观经济与微观经济的不同角度把握市场经济正常运行所需要的各种客观要求与条件。

同时在教学环节中，培养学生的政治素养和人文素养，提高学生对国内外政治经济形势的判断（备注：毕业要求具体内容详见经济学本科人才培养方案）三、课程内容及要求第一章导论教学内容：第一节政治经济学是研究生产关系及其发展规律的学科1. 物质资料生产三要素2. 生产力与生产关系3. 人类社会发展规律第二节政治经济学的方法1. 经济规律与经济主体2. 政治经济学的分析方法第三节政治经济学的源与流1. 古典政治经济学的发展与分化2. 马克思主义政治经济学学生学习预期成果：通过讲授和案例分析，使学生能够掌握政治经济学的研究对象和分析方法，理解人类社会发展规律，了解政治经济学的发展与分化。

Urban Economics 上课笔记第一节：城市经济学概述1. 城市经济学的定义城市经济学是研究城市发展和运作的经济学分支，主要关注城市内产业结构、人口分布、土地利用和城市政策等方面的经济问题。

2. 城市的特点（1）规模经济：城市能够提供更多的经济机会和效益，吸引大量人口和企业聚集。

（2）人口流动：城市的人口流动较为频繁，人口增长速度快。

（3）土地利用：城市土地资源有限，土地利用效率的提高对城市经济发展至关重要。

3. 城市经济学的研究内容（1）城市人口规模和分布（2）城市产业结构和经济发展（3）土地利用和房地产市场（4）城市交通和基础设施第二节：城市人口规模和分布1. 城市人口聚集的原因（1）就业机会：城市提供更丰富的就业机会，吸引农村居民和外来人口迁入。

（2）教育资源：城市的教育和培训资源更为丰富，吸引更多家庭迁入城市。

（3）医疗保健：城市拥有更多先进的医疗资源，吸引有需求的人口。

2. 人口流动对城市经济的影响（1）劳动力市场：人口流动促进了城市劳动力市场的灵活性和效率。

（2）市场需求：人口流动带动了城市商品和服务的需求增长。

（3）社会发展：人口流动促进城市多元文化的形成与繁荣。

第三节：城市产业结构和经济发展1. 城市产业结构的演变（1）传统产业：过去城市的产业以工业和制造业为主，但随着经济发展和城市化进程，服务业日益成为主导产业。

（2）创新产业：如科技、金融、媒体等高新技术产业在城市中崛起，成为城市经济增长的新动力。

2. 城市产业结构对经济发展的影响（1）经济增长：城市产业结构的优化调整能够推动城市经济的快速增长。

（2）就业机会：服务业的兴起带动了城市就业机会的增加。

（3）城市竞争力：产业结构的多样化和创新能力是城市提升竞争力的重要因素。

第四节：土地利用和房地产市场1. 城市土地利用规划（1）城市规划：合理的城市规划能够提高土地利用率，减少资源浪费。

（2）土地开发：城市土地开发要遵循可持续发展原则，保护环境和生态平衡。

Urban Economics Syllabus授课教师：傅十和E-mail：fush@电话：8709－9206上课时间：周四5－7节，共18周教室：光华楼裙楼2208答疑时间：周二 16：30—18：00 或预约答疑地点：黄楼301室课程主页：部分中文讲义和英文阅读材料可从该网址下载。

网站在建设中。

预备知识：本课程为硕博连读班城市与房地产研究方向学生的必修课和其他博士研究生的自由选修课。

要求学生修过：（1）高级微观经济学；（2）动态优化；（3）计量经济学。

Grading: Your final grade consists of five parts: problem sets, presentation, a referee report, a term paper, and a final take-home exam. Each accounts for 20%.There is no unified, standard graduate textbook for this course. Therefore, we will draw materials from chapters of different books and papers from many journals. I have provided a tentative reading list below. The list will be updated from time to time. You must read at least one required reading material (marked with a * in the beginning of each item) for each topic.IMPORTANT!!!!All the students should go to /mailman/listinfo/nep-ure and subscribe the Urban and Real Estate working paper series. You will receive new working papers via email regularly. This service is free of charge. Each student is required to pick one working paper and write a referee report.IMPORTANT!!!For those who will choose urban economics as your primary research field, you should visit and get to know the Lincoln Institute’s China Program. You are strongly encouraged to apply for the Lincoln graduate research fellowship next year.IMPORTANT!!You are required to attend the Friday-afternoon seminars organized by RIEM if the topics are related to urban, regional, and real estate issues.IMPORTANT!There will be no class on Sept.20, Thursday. You are strongly suggested to attend the ESRI exhibition in Chengdu to know some basics about the GIS software. The admission is free. Please sign up at /2007roadshow/index2.htm.Tentative Topics1: Introduction* Mills, E., 2000, A thematic history of urban economic analysis, Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs, 1-51.*Fujita, M., Thisse, J., 2002, Economics of Agglomeration, Chapter 2: The breakdown of the price mechanism in a spatial economy.*Arnott, R., Riley, J., 1977, Asymmetrical production possibilities, the social gains from inequality and the optimum town, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 301-11.Mills, E., MacKinnon, J., 1973, Notes on the new urban economics, The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 4, 593-601.Evans, A., 2003, The development of urban economics in the twentieth century, Regional Studies 37, 521-29.Fujita, M., Mori, T., 2005, Frontiers of the new economic geography, Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University, Working Paper.Krugman, P., 1998, Space: the final frontier, Journal of Economic Perspective 12, 161-74. Glaeser, E., 1999, The future of urban research: Non-market interactions, Harvard University, Working Paper.2. First cities* O’Sullivan, A., 2006, The first cities, in Arnott, R., McMillen, D. (eds), A Companion to Urban Economics, 40-54.Jacobs, J., 1969, The Economy of Cities, Chapter 1: Cities first—rural development later. Mumford, L., 1961, The City in History.Bairoch, P., 1988, Cities and Economic Development, The University of Chicago Press.3. The internal structure of cities: Monocentric city model*Kraus, M., 2006, Monocentric cities, in Arnott, R., McMillen, D. (eds), A Companion to Urban Economics, 96-108.*Bruckner, J., 1987, The structure of urban equilibria: A unified treatment of the Muth-Mills model, in Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 2, 821-46. Arnott, R., 1981, Aggregate land rents and aggregate transport costs, The Economic Journal 91, 331-47.*McMillen, D., 2006, Testing for monocentricity, in Arnott, R., McMillen, D. (eds), A Companion to Urban Economics, 128-140.Arnott, R., Stiglitz, J., 1979, Aggregate land rents, expenditure on public goods, and optimal city size, Quarterly Journal of Economics XCIII, 471-500.Mirrlees, J., 1972, The optimum town, Swedish Journal of Economics, 114-35.Fujita, M., 1989, Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size, Cambridge University Press. Solow, R., 1973, On equilibrium models of urban location, in Parkin, J. (ed), Essays in Modern Economics, Longman.4 Comparative static analysis of monocentric city model*Wheaton, W., 1974, A comparative static analysis of urban spatial structure, Journal of Economic Theory 9, 223-37.Hartwick, J., Schweizer, U., Varaiya, P., 1976, Comparative statics of a residential economy with several classes, Journal of Economic Theory 13, 396-413.Pines, D., Sadka, E., 1986, Comparative statics analysis of a fully closed city, Journal of Urban Economics 20, 1-20.5. The internal structure of cities: Non-monocentric city model*Fujita, M., Ogawa, H., 1982, Multiple equilibria and structural transition of non-monocentric urban configurations, Regional Science and Urban Economics 12, 161-96.*Anas, A., Arnott, R., Small, K., 1998, Urban spatial structure, Journal of Economic Literature 36, 1426-64.*McMillen, D., 2001, Nonparametric Employment Subcenter Identification, Journal of Urban Economics 50, 448-73.McMillen, D., Smith, S., 2003, The number of subcenters in large urban areas, Journal of Urban Economics 53, 321-38.Lucas, R., Rossi-Hansberg, E., 2002, On the internal structure of cities, Econometrica 70, 1445-76,6. Optimal city size and city size distribution*Arnott, R., 1979, Optimal city size in a spatial economy, Journal of Urban Economics 6, 65-89.*Arnott, R., 2004, Does the Henry George theorem provides a practical guide to optimal city size? American Journal of Economics and Sociology 63, 1057-90.*Kanemoto, Y., Ohkawara, T., Suzuki, T., 1996, Agglomeration economies and a test for optimal city sizes in Japan, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 10, 379-98.*Gabaix, X., 1999, Zipf’s law for cities: An explanation, Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, 739-67.Gabaix, X., Ioannides, Y., 2004, The evolution of city size distribution, in Henderson, V., Thisse, J.(Eds), Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 4, 2341-78.Soo, K., 2005, Zipf’s law for cities: A cross-country investigation, Regional Science and Urban Economics 35, 239-63.7. Why do cities exist? Increasing returns to scale and agglomeration economies*Vickrey, W., 1977, The city as a firm, in Feldstein, M., Inman, R. (Eds), The Economics of Public Services, 334-43.*Henderson, J., 2003, Marshall's scale economies, Journal of Urban Economics 53, 1-28.*Duranton, G., Puga, D., 2004, Microfoundations of urban agglomeration economies, in Henderson, V., Thisse, J.(Eds), Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 4, 2063-117. *Rosenthal, S., Strange, W.,., 2004, Evidence on the nature and sources of agglomeration economies, in Henderson, V., Thisse, J.(Eds), Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 4, 2119-171.Eberts, R., McMillen, D., 1999, Agglomeration economies and urban public infrastructure, in Cheshire, P., Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 3, 1455-95.8. Urbanization and suburbanization*Henderson, V., 2005, Urbanization and growth, in Handbook of Economic Growth.Henderson, V., Wang, H., 2007, Urbanization and city growth: The role of institutions, Regional Science and Urban Economics.*Mieszkowski, P., Mills, E., 1993, The causes of metropolitan suburbanization, Journal of Economic Perspective 7, 135-47.Glaeser, E., Kahn, M., 2001, Decentralized employment and the transformation of the American city, Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs, 1-63.Mills, E., 1992, The measurement and determinants of suburbanization, Journal of Urban Economics 32, 377-87.Glaeser, E., Kahn, M., 2004, Sprawl and urban growth, in Henderson, V., Thisse, J.(Eds), Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 4, 2481-527.9 Urban growth*Black, D., Henderson, V., 1999, A theory of urban growth, Journal of Political Economy 107, 252-83.Rossi-Hansberg, E., Wright, M., 2007, Urban structure and growth, Review of Economic Studies 74, 597-24.Palivos, T., Wang, P., 1996, Spatial agglomeration and endogenous growth, Regional Science and Urban Economics 26, 645-69.Camacho, C., Zou, B., 2004, The spatial Solow model, Economics Bulletin 18, 1-11. Boucekkine, R., Camacho, C., Zou, B., 2006, Bridging the gap between growth theory and the new economics geography: The spatial Ramsey model, Working Paper.10: Urban labor marketGlaeser, E., D. Mare, 2001, Cities and skills, Journal of Labor Economics 19, 316-42.*Yanknow, J., 2006, Why do cities pay more? An empirical examination of some competing theories f the urban wage premium, Journal of Urban Economics 60, 139-61.Moretti, E., 2004, Human capital externalities in cities, in Henderson, V., Thisse, J.(Eds), Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 4, 2243-91.Kain, J., 2004, A pioneer’s perspective on the spatial mismatch literature, Urban Studies 41, 7-32. Gabriel, S., Rosenthal, S., 1996, Commutes, neighborhood effects, and earnings: An analysis of racial discrimination and compensating differentials, JUE 40, 61-83.Crampton, G., 1999, Urban labor markets, in Cheshire, P., Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 3, 1499-557.Glaeser, E., Kahn, M., Rappaport, J., 2007, Why do the poor live in cities? The role of public transportation, Journal of Urban Economics.11: Urban housing / real estate markets*Arnott, R., 1987, Economic theory and housing, in Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 2, 959-88.DiPasquale, D., Wheaton, W., 1996, Urban Economics and Real Estate Markets, Prentice Hall. Sheppard, S., 1999, Hedonic analysis of housing markets, in Cheshire, P., Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 3, 1595-635.Posdena, R., 1988, The Modern Economics of Housing, Quorum Books.Green, R., Malpezzi, S., 2003, A Primer on U.S. Housing Markets and Housing policy, The UrbanInstitute Press.Arnott, R., Braid, R., 1997, A filtering model with steady-state housing, Regional Science and Urban Economics 27, 515-46.Mankiw, G., Weil, D., 1989, The baby boom, the baby bust, and the housing market, Regional Science and Urban Economics 19, 235-58.Rothenberg, J., 1991, The Maze of Urban Housing Markets, The University of Chicago Press.12: Urban transportation*Arnott, R., Kraus, M., 2003, Transport economics, in Hall, R. (Ed.),Handbook of Transportation Science, Springer.*Arnott, R., Unpriced transport congestion, Journal of Economic Theory 21, 292-316.*Arnott, R., de Palma, A., Lindsey, R., 1993, A structural model of peak-period congestion: A traffic bottleneck with elastic demand, American Economic Review 83, 161-79.13: Local public financeTiebout, C., 1956, A pure theory of local expenditure, Journal of Political Economy 64, 416-24. Yinger, J., 1982, Capitalization and the theory of local public finance, Journal of Political Economy 90, 917-43.*Brueckner, J., 1997, Infrastructure financing and urban development: The economics of impact fees, Journal of Public Economics 66, 383-407.Wildasin, D., 1987, Theoretical analysis of local public economics, in Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 2, 1131-78.Prud’Homme, R., 1987, Financing urban public services, in Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 2, 1180-206.Ross, S., Yinger, J., 1999, Sorting and voting: A review of the literature on urban public finance, in Cheshire, P., Mills, E. (Ed): Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 3, 2001-60. Epple, D., Nechyba, T., 2004, Fiscal decentralization, in Henderson, V., Thisse, J.(Eds), Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 4, 2423-80.Property taxation14 New economic geographyFujita, M., Krugman, P., Venables, A., 1999, The Spatial Economy, The MIT Press.Krugman, P., 1991, Geography and trade, Leuven University Press.Krugman, P., 1996, The self-organizing economy, Blackwell Publishers.Clark, G., Feldman, M., Gertler, M.(eds), The Oxford handbook of economic geography, Oxford University Press.Henderson, V. (ed), 2005, New Economic Geography, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.15 Neighborhood effects and social interactionsBecker, G., Murphy, K., 2000, Social Economics: Market Behavior in a Social Environment, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.*Bayer, P, S. Ross, 2006, Identifying Individual and Group Effects in the Presence of Sorting: A Neighborhood Effects Application, NBER Working Paper 12211.Florida, Richard, 2002, Bohemia and Economic Geography, Journal of Economic Geography 2,55-71.Jacobs, J., 1961, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Vintage Books.Glaeser, E., 1999, The Future of Urban Research: Non-Market Interactions, Harvard Institute of Economic Research, Discussion Paper.Glaeser, E., 1999, The Social Consequences of Housing, Harvard Institute of Economic Research, Discussion Paper.Glaeser, E., J., Kolko, A. Saiz, 2001, Consumer City, Journal of Economic Geography 1, 27-50.16. Studies on Chinese citiesBatisse, C., 2002, Dynamic externalities and local growth: A panel data analysis applied to Chinese provinces, China Economic Review 12, 231-51.Anderson, G., Ge, Y., 2005, The size distribution of Chinese cities, Regional Science and Urban Economics 35, 756-76.Fu, S., Chen, Z., 2007, Searching for the parallel growth of cities, Working Paper.Wang, F., Zhou, Y., 1999, Modeling urban population densities in Beijing 1982-90: Sub urbanization and its causes, Urban Studies 36, 271-87.Zheng, S., Fu, Y., Liu, H., 2007, Housing-choice hindrances and urban spatial structure, Journal of Urban Economics.Fujita, et al, 2004, Spatial distribution of economic activities in Japan and China, in Henderson, V., Thisse, J.(Eds), Handbook of Regional Science and Urban Economics 4, 2911-77.17. Other topics:Urban minority issues; Inequality and urban poverty; neighborhood gentrification, introduction to GIS, introduction to spatial econometrics, etc.Appendix: Undergraduate textbooksArnott, R., D. McMillen, eds, 2006, A Companion to Urban Economics, Blackwell Publishing. DiPasquale, Denise and William C.Wheaton, 1996, Urban Economics and Real Estate Markets, Prentice Hall.Mills, Edwin and Bruce W. Hamilton, 1994, Urban Economics, 5th edition, Harper Collins College Publishers.O’Flaherty, B., 2005, City Economics, Harvard University Press.O’Sullivan, Arthur, 2007, Urban Economics, 6th edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill.Graduate textbooks and referencesArnott, R., ed., 1996, Regional and Urban Economics, V olume 1-2, Harwood Academic Publishers.Fujita, M., 1989, Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size, Cambridge University Press. Fujita, M., P. Krugman, A. J.Venables, 2001, The Spatial Economy, The MIT Press.Fujita, M., and J. F. Thisse, 2002, Economics of Agglomeration, Cambridge University Press. Henderson, J.V., 1985, Economic Theory and The Cities, Academic Press.Kanemoto, Y., 1980, Theories of Urban Externalities, North-Holland Publishing Company. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, V olume 1-4.。