英语专业八级实用英汉翻译常见错误例析

专八改错知识点总结专八考试改错题目一直是考生们的重点复习内容，因为它考察了考生对语法、用词、搭配、逻辑、修辞和语义等多个方面的综合能力。

因此，考生在备考专八的时候，需要系统地学习相关知识点，通过大量的练习来提高自己的改错能力。

下面将对专八改错知识点进行总结，希望能给考生们在备考过程中提供帮助。

一、冠词1．没有冠词：错误：I went to bookstore yesterday.改正：I went to the bookstore yesterday.2．错用冠词：错误：He is strong as the lion.改正：He is as strong as a lion.3．误加冠词：错误：He is a one of the best player.改正：He is one of the best players.4．错用冠词表泛指意义：错误：A honesty is the best policy.改正：Honesty is the best policy.5．名词前误用冠词：错误：He is a Mr. Smith.改正：He is Mr. Smith.二、名词1．单数名词误用成复数名词：错误：I have two childrens.改正：I have two children.2．不可数名词误用成可数名词：错误：We need some advices to help us.改正：We need some advice to help us.3．名词前缺少形容词：错误：She is a worker.改正：She is a hard-working worker.4．名词前误用成形容词：错误：I bought three furnitures for the new house.改正：I bought three pieces of furniture for the new house.三、代词1．误用主格代词和宾格代词：错误：Me and my friend went to the movie.改正：My friend and I went to the movie.2．误用主格代词和形容词性物主代词：错误：He is a friend of my.改正：He is a friend of mine.3．不定代词误用：错误：Does anyone disagree with me?改正：Does anyone disagree with what I say?4．人称代词误用：错误：Mary and me were at the party.改正：Mary and I were at the party.5．没有用it作形式主语：错误：To see is to believe.改正：It is to believe that is to see.四、动词1．时态误用：错误：I am knowing the truth for a long time.改正：I have known the truth for a long time. 2．语态误用：错误：The house built a few years ago.改正：The house was built a few years ago. 3．情态动词误用：错误：He can to speak English fluently.改正：He can speak English fluently.4．动词单复数误用：错误：The people in the classroom is playing.改正：The people in the classroom are playing. 5．动词后缺少宾语：错误：She enjoys.改正：She enjoys reading books.五、形容词1．错误把副词写成形容词：错误：You did so good in the test.改正：You did so well in the test.2．缺少形容词：错误：It is a idea.改正：It is a good idea.3．误用比较级：错误：He is more fatter than her.改正：He is fatter than her.【成语的替换与考查专项】要把成语说成是一个新的造词技术，也是中国人的特长，这就是成语。

专八英译容易误译的句式结构(1)所属：沪江英语难度：困难来源：可可英语阅读：2568评论：8编辑点评：专八英译汉当中难免会有些句式结构、短语是我们平时没有见过的，但望文生义是不可取的，因为那样就很容易岀现误译的。

解决这个问题的办法就是在平时多积累。

Kirk n ever has words with his n eighbours.【误译】Kirk从不与他的邻居说话.【原意】Kirk从不与他的邻居中吵嘴.【说明】have words with sb 是习惯用语，意为与某人吵嘴；have a word with sb 才是与某人说话的意思.We wont to smoke cigarettes before sleep.【误译】我们不愿睡前抽烟。

【原意】我们习惯于睡前抽烟。

【说明】句中的wont不是won't(will not),而是不及物动词，意为"习惯"，”惯常".可见旌小至个逗点都不能忽视，否则就会误译罗!Why is Victor walk ing on air?【误译】Victor为什么在腾云驾雾？【原意】Victor为什么兴高采烈？【说明】walk on air ，为俗语，意为兴高采烈”得意洋洋A : He drugged David ' s tea.B : You don ' t say(so)!【误译】A :他在戴维的茶中放了毒。

B:你不要(乱)说!【原意】A:他在戴维的茶中放了毒。

说明You don' t say (so)!是口语，表示惊讶，意为真的吗”不会吧” 什么"等等。

A : Shirley is a clever girl.B : You can say that again.【误译】A :雪莉是个聪明的女孩子。

B :你可以再说一遍。

【原意】A :雪莉是个聪明的女孩子。

B :你说得对。

【说明】You can say that again. 是口语，与“ You said it.同义,"意为你说得对。

英汉翻译常见错误例析A组1、I am now under the weather.2、There are friends and friends.3、The actor has his head turned.答案及解析如下1、误：我现在身处露天之中。

正：我现在不太舒服/我现在醉了。

析：under the weather=ill or depressed；drunk 意为受天气影响而患病；也可表达为喝醉了（多见于澳大利亚英语中）。

2、误：那儿有许多朋友。

正：朋友有许多种，既有益友也有损友。

析：这种表达发一定是为了突出不同种类的，又如：There are shopkeepers and shopkeepers. 商人有好也有坏。

3、误：那个男演员回过了头。

正：那个男演员得意忘形了。

析：have one's head turned/ turn one's head 指因不当的赞扬或意外的成功，使然改变常态。

又如：His success has turned his head （=made him act foolishly）。

同样的表达法还有：The dead body turned her stomach（=made her sick）。

1、She is now in a delicate condition.2、The cavalry were well mounted.3、It is said that his days are numbered.答案及解析如下1、误：她现在处于一种微妙的状态中。

正：她现在是在怀孕中。

析：区别 a delicate condition 和 a delicate situation.后者表示困难的局势……2、误：骑兵们都精于骑术。

正：骑兵们骑的都是好马。

析：mount在此指供给马匹而不是骑，可参照我们熟悉的下面这个例句理解：The woman was well dressed. 她穿得很漂亮（而非她善于穿衣服）3、误：据说他的日子都计算好了。

英语专业八级考试汉译英常见问题解析考题标准•“衡量汉译英考题优劣的标准，应该是看语篇是否能在翻译实践中较集中地反映汉英语言包括语义、句法、语用、修辞等在内的各个层面的差异”。

（邵志洪）理解方面的问题•习语（包括俗语）的理解错误•断句的错误•词组间关系的判定错误•逻辑隐含关系的理解错误•临时意义的理解错误•词的隐含意义的理解错误•缺乏语体差别的敏感性•背景知识的欠缺•政治意识的缺乏习语的理解错误•寒暄：coldly talk for a while（误）•叶公好龙：“too much addicted is something”; “One does not mean what he says”（误）•本世纪上半叶：the half page of this century（误）断句的错误•汉语是意合的语言，形态机制不发达，汉语句子在断句问题上并不严格，因此，对句子停顿的意识很多情况下完全取决于读者的语感。

学生对此认识不足，不敢果断断句。

•汉语功底欠缺、语感薄弱•“世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史”•The world’s first generation museums are museums of natural history. They introduce to the people with fossils and specimens the evolution of the earth and various living organisms on it.词组间关系的判定错误•“科学知识” 和“科学技术”误: science and knowledgescientific technology正: scientific knowledgescience and technology背景知识的欠缺•“奥斯丁” ：•“我的导师是亚裔人”误：“My tutor is an Asian.”正：“My tutor is an Asian American.”•“除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生”正：“…except one of German origin, the rest five were of Asian origin.”•“现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚裔人。

英汉翻译常见错误例析1、None is so deaf as those who won't hear.2、Those apples are good and ripe.3、He was strong in his time. 答案及解析如下1、误：没有比聋子更听不见的人了。

正：没有比不想听的人更聋的了。

析：won't =will not, 表示不愿，不想要，含义个人的意志在内。

不能因该用can't 。

2、误：那些苹果品质优良并且成熟了。

正：那些苹果是很熟的了。

析：good and 作为副词讲，意思为very 非常‘thoroughly完全地, 同类的表达还有niceand (nicely) , rare and (rarely )，如：The car was going nice and fast. 汽车跑得相当之快。

3、误：他一生都很强壮。

正：他年青时身体很强壮/ 健康。

析：in one's time/days 意思为when he was young/at his best ，相反的说法为at one's age (年老时)英汉翻译常见错误例析(10)1、He measured his length on the floor as soon as heentered the roo m.2、We searched him to no purpose.3、She succeeded to a large property. 答案及解析如下1、误：他一进门就在地板上测量了他的长度。

正：他一进门就摔了一跤，跌倒在地板上。

析：象这种比较幽默的说法，可别太实在了哦。

.2、误：我们漫无目的地寻找他。

正：我们对他进行了搜身，不过一无所获。

析：寻找某人的踪迹，是search for sb ，search sb 意为搜查某人身上，看其是否有违禁品之类。

to no purpose=with no result.3、误：她事业有成，获得了一大笔财产。

汉英翻译常见错误分析一、汉英翻译错误分析大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。

所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。

尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

种植庄稼和葡萄, 酿酒和饮酒, 喂牛和挤奶, 锄草和栽花; 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜, 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。

往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。

这样, 每个地方都有自己的传说, 风俗也就衍传了下来。

常见错误一：词汇错误1.词的理解偏差2.词的上下搭配词汇错误1 ：词义理解偏差(大自然的)恩赐: presents人，人们: human beings，men种植(庄稼和葡萄):plant crops and grapes栽(花): plant flowers锄草:get rid of grass温馨家园: warm houses，warm residences，warm family词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误喂牛和挤奶：牛：cattle（牛，总称）；bull（公牛）；cow（母牛）；calf（牛犊）；ox（牛，统称；或公牛）；bullock（阉牛）；buffalo（水牛）错译：feed bulls and milk cow（喂公牛和挤母牛的奶）；feed oxen and milk them；feed bulls for milk词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误喂牛和挤奶：改译：使用及物动词，feed cattle and milk cows, feed cows and milk them, feed and milk cows, feed cows for milk；使用不及物动词，feed cattle and milk, feed cows and milk词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误酿酒和饮酒：酒：alcohol, wine, liquor, spirits, beer, whisky错译：brew wine and drink alcohol, brew spirits and drink wine, brew wine and drink beer 词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误酿酒和饮酒：改译：使用使用及物动词，brew and drink wine；使用不及物动词，brew and drink词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误一致并深深地依赖: depend deeply and unanimously，depend deeply and identically种植(庄稼和葡萄): raise crops and grapes栽(花): raise flowers锄草: get rid of grass温馨家园: warm family常见错误二：词语顺序无论贫富: poor and rich，whether we are poor or not跳舞和唱歌:dance and sing常见错误三：语篇错误1.逐字翻译，画蛇添足2.重复不当，不合习惯3.断句不当，割裂语篇语篇错误1：逐字翻译，画蛇添足例1、在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。

浅析英语专业八级翻译中存在的问题作者：李小华来源：《学理论·学术版》2009年第02期摘要：英汉互译是英语专业八级考试重要的组成部分。

它是对学生综合语言能力的一种有效测试，从中也能对英语专业学生的语言功底和文化素养有较为全面的了解和把握。

本文就专业八级翻译中英汉互译存在的主要问题进行分析,并探讨了提高学习者翻译技能的方法。

关键词：英语专业八级翻译；主要问题；技能方法中图分类号：H310.42 文献标志码：A文章编号：1002—2589（2009）4—124—02一、主要问题分析（一）汉译英主要问题1.原文理解错误。

汉译英中原文理解失误主要表现在缺乏语境、语篇、语体意识，忽视汉语词汇多义性。

汉英一些词语在字面意义上可能有交叉重叠的一面，但在褒贬隐含意义上却不尽相同。

例如：“得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道……” “横行霸道”在英语中有许多表达方式，比如：like a tyrant, run wild, lord it over, gangsterism, gun law, play the bully, acting like an overlord。

它们主要与以下喻体有关：lord（统治者、君主、贵族），tyrant（暴君），gangster（歹徒、匪徒），bully（恃强凌弱）。

根据上下文语境，（我）“在家中横行霸道”，是指由于父母宠爱而在家中为所欲为，用lord，tyrant，gangster等比喻不合适，用bully比喻较合适。

如：play the bully at home，还可以用run wild（变野蛮、放肆起来），用tyrant就过分了，原文中的“我”还没有到成为“暴君”的地步。

2.断句的错误。

英语讲究形合，句子结构比较严谨，而汉语讲究意合，只要意思表达清楚，用词造句就可以简练。

笔者在让学生做八级翻译练习时，如：“近代的上海，十里洋场，自开埠以来，固然有许多辛酸的、不平等的血泪史，固然有许多污泥浊水，这里被称为‘冒险家的天堂’。

专八改错指导：常见典型语法错误1．句子成分残缺不全We always working till late at night before taking exams.（误）We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams（正）We should read books may be useful to us. （误）We should read books which may be useful to us. （正）2．句子成分多余This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. （误）One test ends, but another is waiting for you. （正）The driver of the red car was died on the spot. （误）The driver of the red car died on the spot. （正）3．主谓不一致Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. （误）Some think that reading should be selective. （正）My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. （误）My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. （正）4．动词时态、语态的误用I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. （误）I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. （正）We have little time to read some books which we interest. （误）We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. （正）I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. （误）I have been studying in the college for two years（正）5．词类混淆It is my point that reading must be selectively. （误）In my opinion, reading must be selective. （正）Honest is so important for everyperson. （误）Honesty is so important for everyone. （正）The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. （误）The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. （正）。

第18卷 第2期 牡丹江大学学报 Vol.18 No.2 2009年2月 Journal of Mudanjiang University F eb . 2009128 文章编号：1008-8717（2009）02-0128-032008年TEM8英译汉译文错误分析及解决策略江 敏（中国地质大学（武汉）外国语学院，湖北 武汉 430074）摘 要：本文分析了2008年英语专业八级考试（TEM8）英译汉译文错误的类型，阐释了错误的根源，指出英语基础薄弱和汉语表达能力欠佳是造成译文质量低下的主要原因；并就此提出加强双语基本功，建立英汉语对比的意识是解决上述问题的关键。

关键词：英语专业8 级考试英译汉；错误分析；解决策略 中图分类号：H310.2 文献标识码：B 一、引言全国高等学校英语专业八级考试是国家教育部组织的检测全国英语专业四年级学生“听、读、写、译”水平的一项重要考试。

目的是对已完成英语专业高年级阶段课程的学生是否达到《新大纲》所规定的英语水平和专业知识要求进行评估检查。

英译汉是八级考试的重要内容，要求应试者能够运用翻译的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。

译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。

由于翻译包含了接受技能和产出技能的综合运用，同时涉及汉英两种语言、文化及其表达方式，需要调动翻译者对两种语言和文化的理解运用能力，因此翻译测试既是对学生综合语言能力的一种有效测试手段，从中我们也能对学生的语言功底和文化素养有较为全面的了解和把握。

2008年全国共有18万考生参加了英语专业八级考试，笔者今年四月参加了八级考试英译汉部分的阅卷工作，摘录了考生译文中比较典型的错误或不当之处，并对这些错误进行分析，探讨其失误的理据，并试图找出避免这些错误的教学方法，希望对英语专业高年级教学有所启示。

2008年TEM8英译汉部分全文如下：But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found tohave been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.从整体上来看，整段文字生词较少，背景知识对理解原文不会造成太大困难，翻译难度适中，但在改卷的过程中，笔者发现考生的译文不尽如人意的地方甚多，下面把错误的译文进行分类并阐释错误的根源。

专八改错——常见错误（单词、词组）总结（注意：带—>的表示前边的是错误的，后边的是改正之后的; 其他的没有正确错误之分）1.短语搭配错误（大部分为介词错误）carry/get with things –> carry/get on with things（继续做事情）to let alone –> let alone（更不用说）the need of –> the need for（需要）substitute A with B –> substitute A for B（用A代替B）account 70% --> account for 70%（占70%）under the grounds of/that –> on the grounds of/that（以…为理由）attitude on life –> attitude towards/to life（对生活的态度）in a quick speed –> at a quick speed（以快的速度）with many respects –> in many respects（在许多方面）considerations to… –> considerations for… （考虑，顾及）resistance of –> resistance to（抵抗，抵抗，抗拒）embark sth –> embark on sth（开始着手做某事）with the belief that –> in the belief that （认为，相信）interpret… to –> interpret… as （把……理解为）in line to –> in line with （跟…一致，符合）take pride of –> take pride in（以…为傲）leap out to me –> leap out at me （出现在我眼前）inject sb sth–> inject sb with sth (给某人注射某物)charge him with the same price –> charge him the same price （收取他同样的价钱）imbalance of A and B –> imbalance between A and B（A和B的不平衡）fortify sb for sth –> fortify sb against sth (加强…以抵御…)shed light to sth –> shed light on sth（阐明某事）in proportion with –> in proportion to （与某事物成比例）pay for it with dollars –> pay for it in dollars（用美元支付）be in liberty to –> be at liberty to do sth（自由地做某事）commit an offence to –> commit an offence against sth（犯罪…罪）modern time –> modern times（现代）yearn to –> yearn for（渴望;向往）at average –> on average （平均）identify … to–> identify … with (认为… 等同于)be successful on doing –> be successful at/in doing （成功做某事）get one’s teeth on –> get one’s teeth into sth(埋头做，认真做某事)approach to do … –> approach to doing … 做某事的方法one contributor of… –> one contributor to… …的促成因素之一；consumers demand of luxury goods –> consumers demand for luxury goods （消费者对奢侈品的需求）on one’s 30s –> in one’s 30s 在某人30岁的时候balk to –> balk at (回避，绕过)differ A from B –> distinguish A from B 区分A和Bvary by – vary with… 随着…而变动emphasis of – emphasis on 强调2.易混词错误(1)形近异义词imaginative富有想象力的– imaginary想像中的，假想的adapt适应于;改编– adopt 收养；采用confirm证实; 确认– conform符合;遵照;former前者的– formal正式的diary日记– dairy乳制品personal个人的，私人的– personnel人员，员工beside在旁边– besides除…之外principal主要的– principle原理intelligent聪明的– intelligible可理解的，明白易懂的conscious有意识的– conscientious认真的stationary固定的;不动的；静止的– stationery文具considerate体贴的– considerable相当大（或多）的affect(v.影响) – effect(n.影响; v.致使、达成)contact接触– contract合同moral道德的– morale士气industrious勤劳的– industrial工业的desert沙漠– dessert甜点require要求– acquire获得– inquire询问presence存在– presentation提交;演出;sensible明智的– sensitive敏感的transformation转型– transmission传输value价值– evaluate评价tense紧张的– tension紧张anything任何事情– something某些事物cooker炊具– cook厨师;厨子complexity复杂性– complex合成体insurance 保险– assurance保证provide 提供– provided/providing假设，如果（连词）perceive理解;意识到– conceive设想;怀孕;考虑effective 有效的– affective 情感的；感情的(2)形近(形异)近义词latter后者的– later以后的;后来的late 迟的– latest 最晚的，最新的farther距离更远– further程度更进一步healthy健康的– healthful有益健康的effective有效的– efficient有效率的respectable体面的，得体的– respectful有礼貌的historic有历史意义的– historical历史的rise上升;增强;（数量）增加– arise出现;产生– raise提升;增加;养育– arouse引起;唤醒sure确信的，确实的– ensure确保– assure向…保证;使…确信in return to作为报答；反过来– in response to对…做出反应opposite对面的;相对的– opposition反对producing (produce的ing形式)– productive多产的lonely寂寞的;孤独的– alone单独的across (adv.穿过;横穿)– cross (v.横跨，穿越)permit n.通行证– permission允许;批准relating （relate的ing形式）– related有关系的memorizing （memorize的ing形式）– memorable难忘的normal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) – norm(规范,行为标准)favorite最喜欢的– favorable有利的;赞同的acceptability可接受性– acceptance接受economical节约的;合算的– economic经济的few很少的（修饰可数名词）– little很少的（修饰不可数名词）a few少许，有一些（修饰可数名词）– few很少的，几乎没有（修饰可数名词）little少许，有一些（修饰不可数名词）– a little 很少的，几乎没有（修饰不可数名词）invent发明，创造– discover发现before在…之前;在…以前– ago以前;之前another又一个;再一个– other其他的;别的agent 代理人– agency 代理机构special特殊的– specific具体的(3)反义词with有– without没有possible可能的– impossible不可能的subjective主观的– objective客观的import进口– export出口better更好的– worse更糟的employee雇员– employer雇主employment就业– unemployment失业modifiable可修改的– unmodifiable不可修改的natural自然的– unnatural不自然的discernable可辨别的– indiscernible难辨认的，觉察不出的lend把…借给– borrow借入;借钱，借用exclusive专用的– inclusive包括的，包罗广泛的independency独立性– dependency依靠；附属willing乐意的– unwilling不情愿的nothing more than仅仅，只不过– nothing less than完全，全部agree同意– disagree不同意rarely很少地;罕有地– frequently频繁地/ often经常specific具体的– general一般的less更少– more更多most最，最多（大）– least最少，最小known知名的；已知的– unknown不出名的；未知的respective各自的，分别的– irrespective无关的;不考虑的(irrespective of表示“不管…”) majority大多数– minority少数result in导致– result from由…引起fortunately幸运地—unfortunately不幸地powerful强大的– powerless无能的easiness容易;从容; – uneasiness不安;局促professional专业的– amateur外行的;业余的aware意识到的– unaware不知道的;未察觉到的include包括;包含– exclude排除，不包括(4) 名词单复数异义moral道德的– morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”) – collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”) manner方法,方式– manners礼仪,礼节saving – savings (复数表示“存款”)specie硬币– species种类mean(n.平均值) – means 方法(5) 易混短语live with同…一起生活,忍受– live by靠…过活go about (doing) sth开始做某事– go around四处走动tend to倾向于做…– intend to打算（做）…spend… in doing sth花费……做某事– spend… on sth 花费……在某事上die of内部的死因– die from外部的死因rather than而不是– other than除了;不同，不同于have sb do sth让某人做某事– have sth done使某事物被处理take on 从事– go on 继续take place发生– take (the) place of代替consist in存在于…– consist of 包括in all总共– after all毕竟in return作为报答– in turn反过来，轮流one reason for +短语– one reason why +句子bring out 使显露，使显现– bring up 教育，培养be worth doing值得做……– be worthwhile to do值得做……apply… to 将…应用于– apply for请求，申请3.逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）therefore – nevertheless/however 然而(大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然) and和– but 但是or 或者– and 和but但是– because因为moreover此外– however然而after在…以后– before在…之前since因为– although虽然there is no…没有… – there is also… 还有…that 关系代词– if 如果，是否from now on从现在开始– from then on从那时起all全部– none没有besides此外– yet然而if如果– unless除非besides sth 此外；除sth以外, 还….（包括sth）– except sth 除了(不包括sth) therefore因此– because因为so所以– because因为so does he他也如此… – neither/nor does he…他也不that’s why +结果– that’s because +原因as if好像，似乎– even if即使4.代词错误（一致错误）their他/她/它们的– its 它的that那个– those那些(需要特别注意单复数)which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)it – itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)that/this – it (只有it可作形式主语)his – one’s (泛指时用one)you 你– yourself 你自己（反身代词）it 它– they 他们this 这个– such这样的XX is less sophisticated than what they are today （XX以前的样子不像现在这样老于世故.）– XX is less sophisticated than they are today （XX以前不是像现在这样老于世故的人）5.冠词错误(1)定冠词多余to large extent –> to a large extent 在很大程度上on the either side –> on either side两边in the Europe –> in Europe在欧洲in the winter –> in winter (季节前不加定冠词)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)take the issue –> take issue 对…持异议，不同意(2)定冠词缺漏among most –> among the mostone of first –> one of the firstatmosphere –> the atmosphere（另外还有如：the Equator，the environment, the army, the navy, the public, the Internet）between us and rest –> between us and the restin minority –> in the minorityaround floor –> around the floorpiano –> the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)English language –> the English languageat heart of –> at the heart ofworld –> the world(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)in long run –> in the long run(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用illustrate the further difference –> illustrate a further difference (第一次提及用a)6.形容词与副词使用错误have been currently –> current (系动词后接形容词)be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as （原级比较as…as）heavy industrialized –> heavily-industrialized (副词修饰形容词/动词)spread colossal –> spread colossally （副词修饰动词）similar strong –> similarly strong(副词修饰形容词)keep the number constantly at X a year –> keep the number constant at X a year （keep + n.+adj.）feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted (副词修饰形容词/动词)comparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion(副词修饰形容词)in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years （固定搭配）culture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudes(副词修饰形容词)from one meter afar –> from one meter away（固定搭配）7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)a world which I could get… –> a world in which I could get…take for granted that –> take it for grated that1980 –1980stheir jobs engage in their interest –> their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)work sth –> work out sth解决某事believe in –believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”，believe in表示“信任某人，信仰…”)20 percents –> 20 percent 百分之二十eyes contact –> eye contact 眼神接触communication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)average incomes –> average income (income为不可数名词)the like of –> the likes of (诸如此类的)be referred to XX –> be referred to as XX 被称为XXbe viewed as work of art –> be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时，为可数名词)。

英语专八翻译错误原因分析摘要：政论翻译，尤其在译名问题上，涉及到继承传统译名的情况比较多，因此我们应该多读一些国内的外文刊物，如《中国日报》、《北京周报》、《人民日报》(海外英文版)等，增强政治意识，统一翻译口径，这样才能够把汉译英做好。

英语专八翻译错误原因分析(1) 对原文的理解还需要结合一定的背景知识。

例如95年专八考试汉译英试题中提“奥斯汀”这位作家，如果我们不熟悉这位作家，我们就可能连她的姓氏如何拼写也不知道。

再比如说，“我的导师是亚裔人”(1998年专八考试)，不能简单地翻译成“My tutor is an Asian”，因为所谓“亚裔”，是指亚洲的血缘，但并没明确国籍，根据上下文，却应该是美国国籍，因此这句话应该翻译为“My tutor is an Asian American.”，同样的道理，在同一篇文章中出现的“除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生”也应该处理成“...except one ofGerman origin, the rest five were all of Asian origin”。

1999年专八考试试题中也出现了类似的句子“现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。

25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用”也应该根据以上的理由翻译为：“Of the present 1.8 million residents Vancouver, half are not native, and one inevery four is of Asian origin. The 250,000 Chinese have been playing a decisive role in theeconomic transformation of Vacouver.”对于政论文章的翻译来说，一定政治意识的缺乏会造成错误的理解和表达。

例如，“振兴”、“统一”等，考虑到中国的历史，我们应该将它们分别理解和表达为“revitalization”或“rejuvenation”和“reunification”。