高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附练习答案)

高考冲刺：猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。

词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。

所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。

常见提问方式The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______.What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase “________” most n early means ______.The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______.The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …?The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________.正确选项的特点【链接高清】1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。

2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。

干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。

2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。

解题思路1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。

高中英语高考冲刺---猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。

词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。

所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。

常见提问方式The underlined word“______”in the passage means______.What does“_______”in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase“________”most nearly means______.The word/phrase“______”could best be replaced by______.The word/phrase“______”in Line…,Para…refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?What’s the meaning of“______”in Line…,Para…?The underlined sentence in the first/second...paragraph probably means that________.正确选项的特点【链接高清】1.对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。

2.对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。

干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。

2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。

解题思路1.返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

高中英语阅读理解猜测词意高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.“You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work sche dule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a littlepersuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.（Paragraph 4）“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs —and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.26. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing againstBy the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.43. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park — 2.2 million acres —was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.60. What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probablymean?A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Bird’s view.Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》) . And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to t h e top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggl e for liberty.B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, r aces, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Money not tied together.2020年1月浙江卷Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding H ood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer —in character —“The better to eat you with, my dear,” and go back to her place in the magazine article.22. What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?A. Desire to read.B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.C. Interest in games.D. Fear of the library rules.2018年之前高考英语真题1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries orsliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.3. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.4. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means“________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate5. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_ one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Countries where their people need help.B．Powerful states with higher civilization.C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D．Governments ruled with absolute power.6. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light .Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A．silently B．graduallyC．regularly D．completely7. My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifullywhen I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing all night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?_______A．ended all their programsB．provided fewer channelsC．changed to commercialsD．showed allnight movies真题短文读一读A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _________ in this text.A. honorB. endangerC. proudD. shameThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he wasbanished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word “banished” mean_______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whippingAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.A. protectB. endangerC. continueD. stopIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.A. varietyB. divisionC. authorityD. qualificationThe link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to workfor the person one loves and to love one’s work.”49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to reactB. Having a thin edgeC. Clear and definiteD. sudden and rapidIn fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Accept.B. Employ.C. Play with.D. Fight against.Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas —even physical strength greater than most of us realize.52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important famil y is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it in the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask wh at it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.63.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____.A. weak heartB. taking a shore jobC. failure to return to seaD. injury caused by a torpedo…… Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest（投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution what’s left among as many o thers as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “”.A. appointmentB. connectionC. interviewD. agreementThere are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope. (白日梦)C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _______.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories高考英语阅读理解猜测词意参考答案2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, i s next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.25.猜词题。

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可避免的，如何解决呢？Part 1：知识点讲解1类属法即通过类属来推测词义。

如：■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.说明：从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。

2推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。

如：■Thatmuseum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in oneday.说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。

■Everyoneagreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why sh e hadwon the beauty contest.说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。

3列举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。

如：■Childrenlike such creatures as dogs and monkeys.说明：像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”，显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。

■In yourspare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, NewsWeek, or The New Worker.说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。

词义猜测题【题型突破】词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其是猜测词组、句意题.因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点/态度等。

联系文章主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。

近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力.【命题方式】1.The word/phrase＂…＂in the passage means _________.2。

The word/phrase＂…＂can be best replaced by _________。

3. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _________?4.The word/phrase＂…＂probably refers to _________。

5.What does the underlined word/phrase＂…＂in the passage mean?词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断.熟练以下猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。

猜词方法依据猜词方法依据定义有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

指代关系it,that,this，he，him,them可指上文提到的事、物、人。

有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。

同位关系阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系进行猜测。

同义关系当词或短语之间有并列连词and，or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，从而推知其大致意Passage1（2017·新课标卷I ，D ）drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U 。

考点15 阅读之词义猜测（解析版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。

所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。

词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。

可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。

只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。

当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.【参考答案】C词义猜测题。

高考英语必考点妙解专题：猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。

即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。

如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。

据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。

因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。

任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。

NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。

但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。

此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. Theun derlined sentence,means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。

(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义，biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。

(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy.2.破折号后而的内容是对 value 一词的具体解释。

2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in t he last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型，一种是推测某个生词的具体含义，是生词含义题；另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义，是代词指称题。

这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。

下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。

对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题，首先要着眼单词或短语本身，分析单词或短语的构成，分析其构词法，词根词缀，派生关系等信息，推测它的大概含义。

对于猜测句子的含义，有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。

有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义，但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀，特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义，而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。

高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下：根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。

《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。

1.Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison 是由poison 加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison 是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。

2.Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析：simplified 跟simple 是同根词，带有-ed 显然是过去分词形式的形容词。

阅读理解专项突破III词义猜测【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。

【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。

这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。

）等。

（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。

专题21 阅读理解（词义猜测题）1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition.“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.”1．What can we learn from Chris' words?A．It's unwise to raise money.B．It's optional to seek donations.C．It's wonderful to study art.D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.2．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?A．I'm overjoyed.B．['m very serious.C．My mind goes blank.D．My mind is racing.3．Which of the following best describes Luna?A．Gifted and determined.B．Generous and serious.C．Grateful and helpful.D．Creative and sensitive.4．What is the text mainly intended to do?A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl.B．Set a good example to the disabled.C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients.【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。