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Lesson 83 After the elections大选之后New words and expressionselection n。
选举 former adj. 从前的defeat v. 打败 fanatical adj. 狂热的opponent n。
反对者，对手 radical adj. 激进的progressive adj. 进步的 ex— prefix(前缀，用于名词前）前……suspicious adj。
怀疑的Who was the former Prime Minister？Who has always been a fanatical opponent of ne ‘s Radical Progressive Party？Why did Patrick go to the house again and again？In the recent elections,was the former Prime Minister defeated or not？What happened to the former Prime Minister and where is he now？★ election n。
选举a general election 大选 an election campaign [kæm’peɪn］竞选活动elect v。
考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：美国中期选举America's mid-term elections美国中期选举The silent centre沉寂的中间地带If moderates don't vote next week, extremists willthrive如果中立人士于下周不进行选举，极端主义者将会茁壮发展ALL political campaigns involve a certain amount oflooking voters straight in the eye and lying to them. But America's mid-term electioncampaign has involved more flim-flam than most. The Republicans, if you believe Democraticattack ads, oppose equal pay for women, want to ban contraception and just love it when bigcorporations ship American jobs overseas. The Democrats, according to Republicans, havestood idly by as Islamic State terrorists—possibly carrying Ebola—prepare to cross the southernborder. And they, too, are delighted to see American jobs shipped overseas.所有的政治活动都包含了一定数量的撒谎现象，但是美国中期的选举活动已经包含了比大多情况下更多的欺骗。
如果你相信民主党发出的具有攻击性的广告所说的:共和党们反对妇女同工同酬，想要废止避孕法，并且大企业将美国的工作机会扩展到海外。
英汉翻译之“解包袱法”李娜;田翠芸【摘要】在解包袱法的翻译技巧指导下,分门别类地对多个名词修饰语的结构及译法进行解析,旨在分析解包袱法的具体应用.在翻译实践中恰当使用解包袱法巧妙变通翻译技巧,译文才能准确传达原文本语义.【期刊名称】《河北联合大学学报（社会科学版）》【年(卷),期】2017(017)002【总页数】5页(P127-131)【关键词】解包袱法;翻译技巧;翻译文本【作者】李娜;田翠芸【作者单位】华北理工大学外国语学院,河北唐山063210;华北理工大学外国语学院,河北唐山063210【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9翻译实践过程中，平常过多的关注翻译语篇层次或者语句层面，而有些连接一起的词与词之间的关系也难以解析，有时一目了然，但有时却也导致一些误译，需要运用解包袱法一一解开，因此必须借助像"解包袱法"等一系列的技巧才能对其进行解读，跳跃出语法层面真正解析出其意。
因此,结合翻译实践，本文对采用"解包袱法"的语句进行归纳，加深对"解包袱法"的理解，进而在今后的翻译实践中加以使用。
解包袱法的翻译技巧是由奈达[3]提出，而叶子南在《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》中对其做了详细论述，他认为："解包袱法能够将紧紧捆在一起的词与词间的语义关系解开，把隐藏的词和词间的连接方式暴露出来，成为在理解阶段译者可以使用的一个法宝。
"(叶子南，2011:63-71)在解包袱的过程中需要我们添加适当的词，才能将原文本解释清楚，使读者更加全面的理解原文。
翻译实践中，解包袱法的翻译技巧也使用较多，有助于译者更加清晰理解源文本，增强译文的可读性。
解包袱法就是将原文中词与词之间没有用文字表明的关系在译文中用文字表达出来，或者说是将不可见的语义(invisible meaning)用文字显现出来。
(叶子南，2003:74)。
因此解包袱法的使用，使文章中的隐性关系更加显性的表达出来。
Lesson83 After the elections大选之后the former….the latter:前者……后者……..1.Who will be e______ next American President?2.Jim and Tom are brothers; the f____ is taller, and the latteris shorter.3.Do you think that Hillary will be d_______ in the PresidentialElection?你认为希拉里在总统选举中会被打败吗？4.Many young people in the Middle East are f_____ supportersof terrorism.在中东，有很多年轻人是恐怖主义的狂热支持者。
5.Higgins d__________ her o_______ in the tennis matchyesterday.昨天辛吉斯在网球比赛中战胜了她的对手。
6.My teacher’s thoughts are always r______.我老师的思想总是激进的7．Lu Xun was a p______ thinker , writer and solider.鲁迅是一个进步的思想家，作家以及战士。
8．Cao Cao was an intelligent politician; his limitation was that he was too s________.9．I used to sleep all day and work at night, but now I am ___ (duty) three days and off two.我以前常常白天睡觉晚上工作，但现在我每值三天班就休息两天。
10.I’m making relatively slow p______ with my French.我的法语进步得相当慢。
If only it were that easy不当家不知柴米贵，不生孩子不知肚子痛American comments about T urkey betray a lack of understanding of the European Union美国对欧盟拒绝接纳土耳其的指责纷纷扬扬，反而暴露出其对欧盟缺乏理解Jun 17th 2010SHUT up, please, you are not helping. That, with respect, would be Charlemagne’s advice to America’s foreign-policy establishment, as its big guns nag the European Union into admitting Turkey swiftly, so as to anchor Turks to “the West”.闭嘴吧，你们是在帮倒忙。
这就是查理曼对美国外交当局的建议，但绝无不敬之意。
美国外交界的大人物们喋喋不休，催促欧盟出于将土耳其拴在西方阵营的目的迅速接纳土耳其入盟。
It is no pleasure to offer such advice. Successive American governments have been right to say that EU membership for Turkey—a dynamic, officially secular, youthful Muslim nation, sitting astride vital trade and energy routes—is in the strategic interests of Europe. The very process of negotiating membership has promoted reform inside Turkey. Americans are right that such advances are imperilled when leaders like Nicolas Sarkozy of France say Turks have no place in the EU. Americans are also right to point out that EU leaders have already pledged to admit Turkey if it meets a long list of legal requirements.查理曼提出如此建议实为不得已之策。
【导读】财政悬崖面前，美国需要通过达成财务协议来实现“急刹车”America's economy美国经济Over the cliff?跌落悬崖？Barack Obama must do more than avoid an economic abyss. He has a chance to fix America’s finances对奥巴马来说，仅仅避免国家陷入经济深渊并不够；他有机会去整顿美国的财务状况Dec 15th 2012 | from the print editionBEN BERNANKE, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, is not known for his turns of phrase. But “fiscal cliff”—the term he coined to describe the tax increases and spending cuts that will hit America’s economy at the start of 2013 unless politicians agree to avert them—has inspired songs (“The fiscal cliff is a danger zone/It’s where grown men go when budgets are blown,”croons Merle Hazard, a satirical singer) and television comedy (Jon Stewart’s “The Daily Show” calls it “Cliffpocalypsemageddonacaust”).“财政悬崖”是美联储主席本•伯南克所创造的术语，指2013年初美国经济将面临增税和开支削减的打击（除非政界就如何规避达成协议，否则这种打击无可避免）。
政治选举常用词汇选举 election投票 cast a ballot计票 count of votes投票日 polling day投票箱 ballot box选举程序electoral procedures选举大会 election meeting / electoral meeting选举规则 election regulation选民voter / elector初选primary election普选general election决定性竞选 runoff当选be elected个人投票individual vote公开投票open vote合格选民 eligible voter候补者alternate candidate候选人candidate候选人名单slate被选举权right to be elected补缺选举by-election (UK) / supplementary election (US) 不记名投票secret vote / anonymous ballot差额选举 competitive election差额投票differential voting等额选举 single-candidate election弃权不投票 abstention from voting发表政见 state one's political views法定程序due course of law法定人数quorum废票invalid vote / voided ballot否决权veto power改选re-election记名投票disclosed ballot决定性票decisive vote抗议票 protest vote监票员ballot examiner拉票 soliciting votes冷门当选者；黑马 unknown elected nominee (dark horse)落选lose an election / be voted out民意测验public opinion poll投票后民调 exit poll导向性民意调查 push polling提名nominate提名者nominator领先者 front runner压倒性胜利landslide victory在选举期间一连串的演讲、集会、旨在吸引选票的活动campaigning 浮动选民(即还未决定投谁的票的选民)floating voter竞选纲领manifesto。
election的动词和形容词副词动词相关参考内容：1. Campaign: 属于election的动词之一，指的是候选人或政治团体为自己争取选民支持而进行的活动。
例如："The candidates are campaigning across the country to gain more votes."2. Vote: 意为“投票”，是election过程中最基本的行为之一。
例如："Citizens have the right to vote for their preferred candidate."3. Elect: 意为“选举”，表示通过投票选择某人担任职位。
例如："The people elected him as their representative in the national assembly."4. Run: 意为“参选”，表示某个人角逐选举中的职位。
例如："She decided to run for the position of mayor in the upcoming election."5. Debate: 意为“辩论”，是选举过程中候选人之间进行的公开争论活动。
例如："The presidential candidates debated eachother's policies on live television."6. Support: 意为“支持”，在选举中表示对某个候选人或政党的赞同和拥护。
例如："He has a strong base of support among young voters."7. Rally: 意为“集会”，是候选人或政治团体组织的大规模聚集活动，旨在鼓舞支持者和争取更多选民支持。
例如："Thecandidate held a massive rally in the city center."形容词和副词相关参考内容：1. Competitive: 意为“竞争激烈的”，用于形容选举中候选人之间或政党之间的激烈竞争。
Ⅰ.工业 Manufacturing Industry澳大利亚的制造业以制砖开始。
86%的制造业为小企业。
Manufacturing in Australia began with the making of bricks. It is estimated that 86% of all manufacturing firms are small businesses.在世界的总格局中，澳大利亚的制造业是独特的。
它的特点包括下面几点:In a world context Australian manufacturing is unique. Its features include the following:1)效率低Inefficiency澳大利亚的市场有限，它在地理上与外界的隔绝以及很高的关税壁垒是影响澳大利亚工业效率的几个因素。
Australia's limited local market, its geographical isolation and high levels of tariff protection are the factors that affect the efficiency of Australian manufacturing.效率最低并且最受保护的工业是汽车、纺织、服装和制鞋工业。
The industries that are most inefficient and most highly protected are automobile, textiles, clothing and footwear industries.2)高度集中Concentration在过去20年里，大的联合企业在澳大利亚经济中一直起中心作用。
Over the last 20 years large conglomerates have been given a central role in the Australian economy.整个钢铁工业由一个公司控制，这就是布洛肯·希尔专卖有限公司。
Australia's election
澳洲大选
Abbott's angst
艾伯特之烦恼
The opposition faces a hard slog
反对党举步维艰
Jul 29th 2010 | SYDNEY
Hello ladies
女士们好
IN HIS campaign for the general election on August 21st, Tony Abbott, the opposition leader, has run into a problem with women. Julia Gillard, the prime minister, easily outpolls him as a leader. One recent survey showed female voters favour Labor by a mighty 16 points, double the lead for all voters. And now Mr Abbott’s frustrated colleagues seem to be trying the “gender card”: highlighting Ms Gillard’s status as an unmarried, childless woman (and an atheist, to boot). The idea is to ap peal to conservatives in the populous states of New South Wales and Queensland, but it will inevitably drive yet more women away.
在8月21日大选的竞选活动中，反对党领袖托尼•艾伯特没能处理好与女性选民的关系。
总理朱
莉娅•吉拉德轻易在民調中超越他而位居領先。
最近的一项调查表明，在女性选民中，工党的支持率足足领先反对党16个百分点，而在所有选民中，工党支持率领先8%。
眼下，艾伯特那些受挫的同僚们似乎在尝试打出“性别牌”：突出宣传吉拉德是个“至今未婚，膝下无子”的女人（顺带还捎上其无神论者之身份）。
这一招是为了吸引人口大州新南威尔士和昆士兰的保守派选民，但此举也会不可避免地疏远更多的女性选民。
A year ago, few would have given Mr Abbott much hope of leading the Liberal Party, the main partner in the conservative-coalition opposition. As an ambitious health minister under John Howard, Mr Abbott antagonised some women when he tried (and failed) to ban access to a drug allowing abortion without surgery. Critics pointed to his past as a Catholic seminarian. As an anglophile, fond of the British monarchy, some senior Liberals worried that he was too close to Mr Howard and advised him not to seek the leadership.
一年前，没几个人认为艾伯特能成为自由党（保守派反对党联盟的主要党派）领袖。
作为约翰•霍华德任内的富有野心的卫生部长，艾伯特试图禁止女性使用非手术性堕胎药，最终计划失败，他也因此冒犯了一部分女性。
批评者指出，艾伯特曾在天主教学校学习。
作为亲英派分子，艾伯特对英国君主制青睐有加。
自由党的一些元老担心他跟霍华德太过亲近，建议其不要觊觎领袖的位子。
The upheavals that have rocked Australian politics over the past seven months changed all that. Malcolm Turnbull, Mr Abbott’s predecessor, had agreed with Kevin Rudd’s government on an emissions-trading scheme to combat climate change. In December Mr Abbott led the party’s hardliners in tearing up the deal and then unseated Mr Turnbull. Since then, statements that he felt “threatened” by homosexuality and that advised women not to treat virginity “lightly” have entrenched his image as a social conservative.
过去7个月里德澳大利亚政坛动荡改变了一切。
自由党前任领袖马尔科姆•特恩布尔在排放交易计划（旨在对抗气候变化）上与陆克文政府达成一致。
12月，艾伯特领着党内的强硬分子一道废除了该协定，并使特恩布尔下台。
此后，他发表的一些言论，比如自称受到来自同性恋者的“威胁”，以及建议女性不要将贞洁“视为儿戏”，都令他的社会保守派形象变得更为根深蒂固。
Mr Abbott faced Ms Gillard in the campaign’s only televised debate on July 25th, attacking “a great big new tax” on big mining firms as likely to raise living costs and pledging to “stop the boats” bringing asylum-seekers to Australia. He also vowed to get immigration “under control” by cutting the 2008-09 intake of about 300,000 people by almost half. Ms Gillard retorted that her opponent was looking backwards, though her own party has been toughening its policies on some of those issues.
7月25日，在竞选期唯一的一场电视辩论中，艾伯特与吉拉德正面交锋。
他攻击对大矿业公司的征税是“新的巨大高税收”，称其会提高生活成本，并承诺“阻止”载着难民的船只进入澳大利亚。
艾伯特还发誓，将“控制”移民数量，把08-09年度30万的移民数量，在今年度缩减一半。
吉拉德驳斥道，她的对手是在炒旧饭，因为工党已经在这些问题上实施了更为严格的政策。
The trouble for Mr Abbott is that turning even farther right puts him out of step with business, the Liberal Party’s natural constituency, which favours immigration, as it fuels economi c growth. Business
is also unhappy with Mr Abbott’s bid to counter his poor image with women by giving new parents paid leave. That would cost A$2.7 billion ($2.4 billion), financed by raising company tax by 1.7% on about 3,000 high-earning firms.
艾伯特面临的麻烦是，愈发右倾的姿态使他和商界愈发不合拍。
商界是自由党一贯的支持者，他们青睐移民，因为移民会促进经济增长。
让商界同样不乐意的是，艾伯特为了改善自己在女性心目中的不佳形象，承诺给予初为父母的员工以带薪假期——此举将耗费27亿澳元（相当于24亿美元），资金来源是将3000家高利润公司的税率提高1.7%。
But that is only if he gets to power. A poll on July 26th showed Labor’s lead slightly down, but Mr Abbott remains the underdog.
不过，如果艾伯特竞选失利的话，以上这些都无从谈起。
7月26日的一份民调表明，工党的支持率略有下滑，但艾伯特离胜利还远着呢。
