Chapter 21 -- unions -- Norton August

Chapter I The Anglo-Saxon Period (450---1066)1.The Anglo-Saxon settlement in England (in the 4th and 5th centuries )---- Small kingdoms were combined into a united kingdom called England ；the three tribes(Angles, Saxon and Jutes) mixed into a whole people called English and the three dialect grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon---Old English.--- The Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 2.“Beowulf” --- the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.--- a long poem of about 3,000 lines; a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons and passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the 10th century.3.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle--- an important history book as well as a piece ofliterary work (under the guidance of King Alfred)Chapter II The Norman Period (1066--1350)1.The Norman conquest under Duke William in 1066--- The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England2.Middle English--- The English language was greatly enriched by the Norman conquests and a large number of French words were absorbed.3.The Black Death(1348-1349)4.The Romance --- the most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England--- a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of knights.--- the content of romance :love, chivalry and religion--- there are many cycles of Arthurian romances, among which “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” is most famous and still kept reading.5.“Piers Plowman”--- a long alliterative poem by William Langland--- the story takes the form of an allegory, but it gives a realistic picture of 14th century England.--- a bitter and incise satire directing at the social vices of the time.Chapter III The Age of Chaucer (1350--- 1400)1.The Hundred Year’s War (1337---1453)--- a series of wars fought between the English kings and the French kings for the French throne2.The peasant uprising of 1381--- the direct result of exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lords.3.Geoffrey Chaucer (1340---1400)--- “the father of English poetry” (by John Dryden) and the founder of English realistic literature: the greatest literate before Shakespeare--- important works:The Romaunt of the Rose,Troilus and Criseyde and The Canterbury TalesOthers: T he House of Fame,The Book of the Duchess4.About “The Canterbury Tales”--- Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature--- a vivid and comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time--- written in heroic couplet；humor and satireChapter IV The Fifteenth Century (1400---1550)1.The War of the Roses (1455---1485)--- a series of civil wars fought between two great families for the English throne2.Popular Ballads--- one of the main stream of English literature in the 15th century: folk literature--- ballad meter: 4-line stanzas---“Robin Hood Ballads”, dealing with the famous outlaw Robin Hood and his menChapter V The English Renaissance (1550---1642)1.Historical background--- The reign of Queen Elizabeth: a period of peace and prosperity--- The defeat of Spanish fleet “Armada”(1588)--- The enclosure movement: bringing about the development in industry--- The Authorized Version of Bible or the King James Bible (Under the auspices of James I. 1611)--- The Renaissance and Humanism2.Thomas More (1478--- 1535)--- the greatest of the English humanists: the author of “Utopia”, a ideal state: “liberty, Fraternity and Equality”; written in the form of a conversation between More and a returned voyager: the existence of private property is pointed outas the source of all social evils and injustices.3.The Flowering of poetry1) Sir Thomas Wyatt and Earl of Surrey--- Both of them introduced sonnet form Italy to England, one of the most popular verse forms for th e next half century. Surrey, also wrote in his translation of Virgil’s “Aeneid”, the first English blank verse, the form of poetry to be masterly handled byShakespeare and Milton.2) Sir Philip Sidne y--- Well-known as a poet and critic of poetry: Astrophel and Stella --- a collection of love sonnets: Apology for Poetry --- one of the earliest English literary essays.3) Edmund Spenser --- “the Poets‟ poet”--- He had an exceptional command of language, of verbal music, of giving poetry an exalted and dream-like feeling.--- important works:The Shepherd‟s Calendar , Amoetti (a series of 88 sonnets printed with “Epitalamion”)“Faerie Queene” (dedicated to Queen Elizabeth: Spenser‟s masterpiece written in a special verse form which has since been called the Spenserian Stanza) 4) Michael Drayton--- a versatile poet; best known for his beautiful sonnet “Since there’s no help, come let us kiss and part”5) William Shakespeare--- two narrative poems: Venus and Andonis ,The Rape of Lucrece--- a sequece of 154 sonnets (rhyming scheme: abab cdcd efef gg)6)George Chapman:famous for his translation of Homer4.The Flowering of Drama: the highest glory of the English Renaissance1)The early form of drama: miracle play, morality play, interlude and theclassical drama2)The university wits: a dramatic circle ; the immediate predecessors ofShakespeare; furnished the Elizabethan stage with a large part of its repertoire3)Thomas Kyd--- His The Spanish Tragedy, a tragedy of blood and revenge, anticipated Shakespeare‟s“Hamlet”4)Christopher Marlowe: the most gifted of “the university wits”--- important works: Tamburlaine , The Jew of Malta and Doctor Fanstus--- These plays show, in various ways, the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie, its insatiable appetite for power, money an knowledge.--- His masterpiece is Doctor Faustus , in which Dr. Faustus sells his soul to the devil (Mephistopheles) in return for the promise of eternal life.--- It is Marlowe who first made blank verse the principle instrument of English dr ama. He was also famous for his “mighty line”5)Robert Greene: one of the university wits; famous for his attack onShakespeare as “an up-start crow beautiful with our feathers”6)William Shakespeare (1564-1616)--- Plays in chronological order: (see History Book PP.67-68)---important works and their major characters:Henry VII and Henry V(History): Prince Henry, Sir John Falstaff “Romeo and Juliet” (Romantic Tragedy): Romeo, Juliet“Julius Caesar ”(Historical Tragedy): Caesar, Brutus, AntonyThe great comedies:The Merchants of Venice : Portia, Bassanio, Antonio, ShylockAs you like it : Rosalind , Orlando, Celia, Oliver, JacquesTwelfth Night : Viola, Oliva, Malvolio, Sir TobyMuch Ado About Nothing : Beatrice, Benedick, Malaprop, DogberryThe Great tragedies:Othello: Othello, Desdemona, IageKing Lear: king Lear, Corelia, Goneril, RegainMacbeth: Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Banquo, MacduffHamlet: prince Hamlet, Claudius, Ophelia, PoloniusThe tragic-comedies or romances:The Tempest: Prospero, MirandaCymbelineThe Winter’s TaleShakespeare‟s character portrayal, plot construction, mastery of language as well as his humanist ideasChapter VI The Seventeenth Century (1603-1688)1.Historical background1) The outburst of the English Revolution(1642)2) Charles I was beheaded in 1649 and England became a commonwealth3) The split within the revolutionary camp and the restoration.4) The Glorious Revolution (1688) and England has become a country ofconstitutional monarchy2.Francis Bacon (1561-1626)--- the first great English prose writer; his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature; “the real progenitor of English materialism and experimental sciences of modern times ingeneral” (by Marx)--- Bacon‟s 58 essays were published in 1625. They are the author‟sreflections and comments, mostly on rather abstract subjects, such as “Of Truth” , “Of Friendship”, and “of Riches”. They are known for theirconciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality andversatility.3. Metaphysical Poets1)The main themes are love, death and religion; characterized bymysticism in content and fantasticality in form. The chief representative of this school was John Donne.2)John Donne (1572-1631)--- His best-known poetry may be divided into two parts --- love poetry and religion poetry. His S ongs and Sonnets are arguments about love: the tone is direct, passionate; the discussion sophisticated. He had a great influence on modern poets such as T.S. Eliot and W.B.Yeats.3)George Herbert : the saint of the metaphysical schoolThe lyrics in The Temple use unusual imagery to express his religions experience4)Andrew Marvell: famous for his lyric “To his Coy Mistress”4. The Cavalier Poets:--- They were lyrical poets, and dealt chiefly with the theme of love and the theme of “Carpe diem”; marked by courtliness, urbanity and polish. The chief representative was Ben Jonson.5. Ben Jonson (1572-1637)1)the best-known contemporary and successor of Shakespeare; a dramatist, apoet laureate and a critic; famous for his comedies of Humor; the representative of the cavalier poets; the author of the beautiful lyric “ To Celia” starting with “Drink to me with thine eyes”2)His important works:“Every Man in His Humor” ,“ The Alchemist” and “Volpone”--- his masterpiece 3)He was an advocate of classic drama and took a firm stand for the “threeunities ”.6. Robert Herrick--- a follower of Ben Jonson, famous for his lyric “To the Virgins” starting with “Gather ye rose buds while ye may”7. John Milton (1608-1674)1)the greatest of all English epic poets; a master of blank verse; a stylistfamous for grand style; the greatest English revolutionary poet and pamphleteer (The revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for the tyrant is best shown in the works of John Milton) 2)His important works:--- Hid prose writings are in the form of pamphlet and they are all for freedom and against tyranny.“Areopagitica” (A defense of the freedom of the press)(The Defense of the English People)“Pro Populo Anglicano Secunda”(The Second Defense of the English People)Both are written in Latin, in answer to the foreign royalists’ attacks upon the commonwealth and the revolution.--- a sequence of 24 sonnets; the best known: “To Mr. Cyriack Skinner Upon His Blindness”--- His major poetical works:“Paradise Lost ”,“Paradise Regained” and “Samson Agonists”8. John Bunyan (1628-1688)--- the greatest fiction writer of the 17th century; best remembered for “Pilgrim‟s Progress”. Though it has generally been read and appreciated as a religious book, it nevertheless contains behind the allegory a series of real examples which give a faithful picture of the English society in Bunyan‟s age. --- Bunyan is also known for his simple and lively prose style.9. John Dryden (1631-1700)--- the most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration Period poet, playwright and critic; the forerunner of the English classical school of the literature.--- His important works:“Absalom and Schitophel” (a long poem), “All for Love” (his best known play, )“An Essay of Dramatic Poesy” (his most famous prose work)--- He established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms, clarified the English prose and raised English literary criticism to a new level.Chapter VII The Eighteenth Century (1666-1798)1. The Enlightenment--- The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in theEurope, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.--- The representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were JosephAddison and Richard Steele (the essayists) and Alexander Pope (the poet) 2. Neo - classicism--- The classicists modeled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and tried tocontrol literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek andLatin works. They emphasized reason rather than emotion, form rather than content. Most of their writings were didactic and satirical. As elegance,correctness and appropriateness were preferred; the poets found closedcouplet the only possible verse form for serious work. Their literary works mainly appeal to the middle class readers.3. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele--- Richard Steele started a paper “The Tatler”--- Joseph Addison collaborated with Steel in publishing “The Spectator”--- Humour, intimacy and elegance are the striking features of their familiar essays. In their hands, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre.4.Alexander Pope (1688---1744)--- the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18thcentury; a great satirist; a rather sound critic; bringing the heroic couplet toperfection; Many commonplaces become household sayings under his pen.--- His important works:“An Essay on Criticism” (his masterpiece, a didactic poem in heroic couplets), “The Rape of the Lock”, “The Dunciad ” “An Essay on Man”--- Pope translate the entire “Iliad” and half of the “Odyssey”; he was also ane ditor of Shakespeare‟s plays5.Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)--- a versatile literary genius: the greatest lexicographer, critic, poet, dramatist; “the great charm of literature”; an outstanding representative of classical school.--- His major works:“A Dictionary of the English Language”,“Letter to Lord Chesterfield”, “Lives of the Poets” , “Vanity of Human Wishes”--- He also edited two periodicals, “The Rambler” and “The Idler”6.James BoswellHis “Life of Johnson” had become a classic of English biography.7.Daniel Defoe (1661-1731)--- a pioneer novelist of England; one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel;a true representative of the Enlightenment; a prolific writer on a great variety of subjects .--- His major works:“Robinson Crusoe” (his mas terpiece ),“Captain Singleton” “Moll Flanders” “Colonel Jacque”, “A Journal of the Plague Year”8.Samuel Richardson (16891761)--- an early representative of sentimental school; the first psycho-analytical novelist--- His works and central characters:“Pamela, or virtue Rewarded”: Pamela, Mr. B“Charissa Harlowe ”: Clarissa, Lovelace“Sir Charles Grandison”9.Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)--- “the greatest genius of the age ” (by Addison); “a striking figure who towered above other writers by reason of his more profound imagination, mordant wit and emotional intensity”; a superb satirist (His satire is marked by an outward gravity, and an apparent calmness conceals his bitter irony); one of the greatest masters of English prose (His language is simple, clear and vigorous).--- important works:“The Battle of Books”, “A Take of a Tub”, “The Drapier‟s letters”, “A Modest Proposal”, “Gulliver‟s Travels” (His masterpiece)10.Henry Fielding (1707-1754)--- the real founder of the English realistic novel (He set up the theory of realism in literary creation ); a playwright of high standing; a political pamphleteer; a satirist (Satire abounds everywhere in his works); a master of style.--- His important works: 1) His plays : “Don Quixote in England”,“Pasquin” , “The Historical Register for 1736”2)His novels and central characters:“Joseph Andrews”: Joseph, Lady Booby, Parson Adams“Jonathan Wild the Great”: Jonathan Wild“The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling”: Tom Jones, Blifil, Sophia, Squire Western, Partiridge11.Tobias Smollett (1721-1771)--- He used the form of the picaresque novel (流浪汉小说)and even influenced Charles Dickens--- important works :“Roderick Random”, “Peregine Pickle” , “Humphry Clinker” (his best novel) urence Sterne (1713-1768)--- one of the oddest and most original of English novelist; a novelist of the sentimentalist school--- His literary career is represented by two works:“Tristram Shandy ”(a novel without a regular plot) and “A Sentimental Journey”13.Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)--- the most important English playwright of the 18th century; His plays are remembered for their verbal detriment and laughter which his well-planned scenes can create. His plays repudiate the high society for its vanity, great and hypocrisy.---important works and characters:“The Rivals” : Lydia, Captain Absolute, Mrs. Malaprop ( From her is derived the term “malapropism‟‟)“The School for Scandal” (his masterpiece, a great comedy of manners 风俗喜剧):Joseph Surface, Charles Surface, Lady Teazel, Lady Sneerwell14.Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774)--- a poet, novelist, dramatist and essayist; one of the representatives of English sentimentalism--- his poems: “The Traveller” and “The Deserted Villag e”--- his novels and characters“The Vicar of Wakefield” : Dr. Primrose (the vicar), Thornahill, Sir William--- his plays:“The Good-Natured Man” (a comedy of character)“She stoops to Conquer” (a comedy of manners) : Marlow, Kate--- his essay : “The Citizen of the World”15.Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)--- His “ The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” is a remarkable product of the Enlightenment of the 18th century and the greatest historical work in English literature. Gibbon is also famous for his style, characterized by precision, lucidity ，economy and elegance.16.Sentimentalism in poetry--- Sentimentalism came into being in the middle of the 18th century. Dissatisfied with reason which classicists appealed to, sentimentalists appeal to sentiment. They turn to the countryside for their material in contrast to classicists who confined themselves to the clubs and drawing rooms of the city. Sentimentalism marks the midway and the transition from classicism to its opposite, Romanticism.--- Thomas Gray : “Elegy Written in a country churchyard” (a model of sentimentalist poetry)--- Edward Young: “Night Thoughts”--- Jame Thompson : “Seasons”--- George Crabble : “The Village”17.Pre-Romanticism in Poetry--- it arose in the latter half of the 18th century , marked by a strong protest against bondage of classicism and by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion. It was ushered in by Percy(“Reliques of Ancient English Poetry”), Macpherson (“Ossian”) and Chatterton (Rowley Papers), and represented by Blake and Burns.18.William Blake (1757-1827)--- a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century; a symbolist or a mystic (Some of his poems are obscure and can be interpreted only symbolically); politically a radical and supporter of the French Revolution;a prophetic writer looking forward to a time when the human spirit would be liberated from oppression.--- important works:“The Poetical Sketches”, “The Songs of Innocence”, “The Songs of Experience”, “The Prophetic Books”Which includes “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell”, “The French Revolution”, “Milton ”and “Jerusalem”19.Robert Burns (1757-1796)--- the greatest poet Scotland has ever produced; a remarkable lyricist on the theme of love and friendship; a patriotic poet calling for national independence, liberty, equality and fraternity for all the people in the world; a satirist criticizing various social vices, a pe asant poet sharing his people’s feelings and drawing material f rom the folk legends and songs; a great master of language, expressing himself in simple and musical language.--- important works:“Poems, chiefly in the Scottish Dialect”Best known for such poems as “A red, Red Rose”“A Man‟s a Man for a …That‟”, “Auld Lang Syne”, “My Heart‟s in the Highland”etc.。

最后一片叶子英文原文欧阳引擎（2021.01.01）In a little district west of Washington Square the streets have run crazy and broken themselves into small strips called "places." These "places" make strange angles and curves. One Street crosses itself a time or two. An artist once discovered a valuable possibility in this street. Suppose a collector with a bill for paints, paper and canvas should, in traversing this route, suddenly meet himself coming back, without a cent having been paid on account!So, to quaint old Greenwich Village the art people soon came prowling, hunting for north windows and eighteenth-century gables and Dutch attics and low rents. Then they imported some pewter mugs and a chafing dish or two from Sixth Avenue, and became a "colony."At the top of a squatty, three-story brick Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at the table d'hôte of an Eighth Street "Delmonico's," and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial that the joint studio resulted.That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching onehere and there with his icy fingers. Over on the east side this ravager strode boldly, smiting his victims by scores, but his feet trod slowly through the maze of the narrow and moss-grown "places."Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer. But Johnsy he smote; and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy, grey eyebrow."She has one chance in - let us say, ten," he said, as he shook down the mercury in his clinical thermometer. " And that chance is for her to want to live. This way people have of lining-u on the side of the undertaker makes the entire pharmacopoeia look silly. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?""She - she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day." said Sue."Paint? - bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking twice - a man for instance?""A man?" said Sue, with a jew's-harp twang in her voice. "Is a man worth - but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind.""Well, it is the weakness, then," said the doctor. "I will do all that science, so far as it may filter through my efforts, can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her, instead of one in ten."After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.Johnsy lay, scarcely making a ripple under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. Sue stopped whistling, thinking she was asleep.She arranged her board and began a pen-and-ink drawing to illustrate a magazine story. Young artists must pave their way to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories that young authors write to pave their way to Literature.As Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horseshow riding trousers and a monocle of the figure of the hero, an Idaho cowboy,she heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting - counting backward."Twelve," she said, and little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven", almost together.Sue look solicitously out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks."What is it, dear?" asked Sue."Six," said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.""Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie.""Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?""Oh, I never heard of such nonsense," complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. "What have old ivy leaves to do with your gettingwell? And you used to love that vine so, you naughty girl. Don't be a goosey. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were - let's see exactly what he said - he said the chances were ten to one! Why, that's almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now, and let Sudie go back to her drawing, so she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self.""You needn't get any more wine," said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window. "There goes another. No, I don't want any broth. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too.""Johnsy, dear," said Sue, bending over her, "will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not look out the window until I am done working? I must hand those drawings in by to-morrow. I need the light, or I would draw the shade down.""Couldn't you draw in the other room?" asked Johnsy, coldly."I'd rather be here by you," said Sue. "Beside, I don't want you to keep looking at those silly ivy leaves.""Tell me as soon as you have finished," said Johnsy, closing her eyes, and lying white and still as fallen statue, "because I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking. I want toturn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.""Try to sleep," said Sue. "I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner. I'll not be gone a minute. Don't try to move 'til I come back."Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a Michael Angelo's Moses beard curling down from the head of a satyr along with the body of an imp. Behrman was a failure in art. Forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress's robe. He had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. For several years he had painted nothing except now and then a daub in the line of commerce or advertising. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists in the colony who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young artists in the studio above.Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries in his dimly lighted den below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive thefirst line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings."Vass!" he cried. "Is dere people in de world mit der foolishness to die because leafs dey drop off from a confounded vine? I haf not heard of such a thing. No, I will not bose as a model for your fool hermit-dunderhead. Vy do you allow dot silly pusiness to come in der brain of her? Ach, dot poor leetle Miss Yohnsy.""She is very ill and weak," said Sue, "and the fever has left her mind morbid and full of strange fancies. Very well, Mr. Behrman, if you do not care to pose for me, you needn't. But I think you are a horrid old - old flibbertigibbet.""You are just like a woman!" yelled Behrman. "Who said I will not bose? Go on. I come mit you. For half an hour I haf peen trying to say dot I am ready to bose. Gott! dis is not any blace in which one so goot as Miss Yohnsy shall lie sick. Some day I vill baint a masterpiece, and ve shall all go away. Gott! yes."Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to the window-sill, and motioned Behrman into the other room. In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine.Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the hermit miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade."Pull it up; I want to see," she ordered, in a whisper.Wearily Sue obeyed.But, lo! after the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. Still dark green near its stem, with its serrated edges tinted with the yellow of dissolution and decay, it hung bravely from the branch some twenty feet above the ground."It is the last one," said Johnsy. "I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall to-day, and I shall die at the same time.""Dear, dear!" said Sue, leaning her worn face down to the pillow, "think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?"But Johnsy did not answer. The lonesomest thing in all the world is a soul when it is making ready to go on its mysterious, far journey. The fancy seemed to possess her more strongly as one by one the ties that bound her to friendship and to earth were loosed.The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall. And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed, while the rain still beat against the windows and pattered down from the low Dutch eaves.When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.The ivy leaf was still there.Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove."I've been a bad girl, Sudie," said Johnsy. "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die. You may bring a me a little broth now, and some milk with a little port in it, and - no; bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook."And hour later she said:"Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples."The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left."Even chances," said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his. "With good nursing you'll win." And now I must see another case I have downstairs. Behrman, his name is - some kind of an artist, I believe. Pneumonia, too. He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute. There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital to-day to be made more comfortable."The next day the doctor said to Sue: "She's out of danger. You won. Nutrition and care now - that's all."And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woollen shoulder scarf, and put one arm around her, pillows and all."I have something to tell you, white mouse," she said. "Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colours mixed on it, and - look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall.Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece - he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."基本简介：真实姓名：威廉·西德尼·波特(William Sydney Porter)笔名：欧·亨利(O.Henry)生卒年代：1862.9.11-1910.6.5美国著名批判现实主义作家，世界三大短篇小说大师之一。

VOLUME ABEGINNINGS TO 1700IntroductionTimelineStories of the Beginning of the WorldThe Iroquois Creation Story*T he Navajo Creation StoryIrvin Morris: Hajííneí(The Emergence) CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451–1506) From Letter to Luis de SantangelRegarding the First Voyage(February 15, 1493)From Letter to Ferdinand and IsabellaRegarding the Fourth Voyage(July 7, 1503)BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS (1474–1566) The Very Brief Relation of the Devastationof the IndiesFrom HispaniolaFrom The Coast of Pearls, Paria, andthe Island of TrinidadÁLVAR NÚÑEZ CABEZA DE VACA(c. 1490–1558)The Relation of Álvar Núñez Cabezade Vaca[Dedication][The Malhado Way of Life][Our Life among the Avavares andArbadaos][Pushing On][Customs of That Region][The First Confrontation][The Falling-Out with OurCountrymen]*First Encounters: Early European Accounts of Native America*Hernán Cortés: Description of Tenochtitlan *Samuel De Champlain: The Iroquois*Robert Juet:From The Third Voyage of Master Henry Hudson*John Heckewelder: Delaware Legend of Hudson’s Arrival*William Bradford and Edward Winslow: Cape Cod Forays*John Underhill: The Attack on Pequot Fort JOHN SMITH (1580–1631)The General History of Virginia,New England, and the Summer IslesThe Third Book. From Chapter 2. WhatHappened till the First SupplyThe Fourth Book [Smith’s Farewell toVirginia]A Description of New EnglandFrom New England’s TrialsNative American Trickster TalesWinnebagoFelix White Sr.’s Introduction toWakjankaga (transcribed and translatedby Kathleen Danker and Felix White)From The Winnebago Trickster Cycle(edited by Paul Radin)SiouxIkto Conquers Iya, the Eater (transcribedand edited by Ella C. Deloria)NavajoCoyote, Skunk, and the Prairie Dogs(performed by Hugh Yellowman;recorded and translated by BarreToelken)WILLIAM BRADFORD (1590–1657)Of Plymouth PlantationBook IFrom Chapter I [The EnglishReformation]Chapter IV. Showing the Reasonsand the Causes of Their RemovalFrom Chapter VII. Of TheirDeparture from LeydenChapter IX. Of Their Voyage, andHow They Passed the Sea; and ofTheir Safe Arrival at Cape CodChapter X. Showing How TheySought Out a Place of Habitation;and What Befell Them ThereaboutBook IIChapter XI. The Remainder of theAnno 1620[Difficult Beginnings][Dealings with the Natives]Chapter XII. Anno 1621[The First Thanksgiving]Chapter XIX. Anno 1628[Mr. Morton of Merrymount]Chapter XXIII. Anno 1632[Prosperity Weakens Community]Chapter XXV. Anno 1634[Troubles to the West]Chapter XXVII. Anno 1636[War Threats]Chapter XXVIII. Anno 1637[War with the Pequots]Chapter XXXII. Anno 1642[A Horrible Truth]Chapter XXXIV. Anno 1644[Proposed Removal to Nauset]THOMAS MORTON (c. 1579–1647)New English CanaanThe Third Book[The Incident at Merry Mount]Chapter XIV. Of the Revels ofNew CanaanChapter XV. Of a Great MonsterSupposed to Be at Ma-re MountChapter XVI. How the Nine WorthiesPut Mine Host of Ma-reMount into the Enchanted CastleJOHN WINTHROP (1588–1649)A Model of Christian CharityFrom The Journal of John WinthropTHE BAY PSALM BOOKPsalm 2 [“Why rage the Heathenfuriously?”]Psalm 19 [“The heavens do declare”]Psalm 23 [“The Lord to me a shepherd is”]Psalm 24 [“The earth Jehovah’s is”]Psalm 100 [“Make ye a joyful soundingnoise”]Psalm 120 [“Unto the Lord, in mydistress”]ROGER WILLIAMS (c. 1603–1683)A Key into the Language of AmericaTo My Dear and Well-Beloved Friendsand Countrymen, in Old and NewEnglandDirections for the Use of LanguageAn Help to the Native LanguageFrom Chapter I. Of SalvationFrom Chapter II. Of Eating andEntertainmentFrom Chapter VI. Of the Family andBusiness of the HouseFrom Chapter XI. Of TravelFrom Chapter XVIII. Of the SeaFrom XXI. Of Religion, the Soul, etc.Poem [“Two sorts of men shallnaked stand”]From Chapter XXX. Of TheirPaintingsFrom The Bloody Tenet of PersecutionA Letter to the Town of ProvidenceANNE BRADSTREET (c. 1612–1672)The PrologueIn Honor of that High and MightyPrincess Queen Elizabeth of HappyMemoryTo the Memory of My Dear and EverHonored Father Thomas Dudley Esq.To Her Father with Some VersesContemplationsThe Flesh and the SpiritThe Author to Her BookBefore the Birth of One of Her ChildrenTo My Dear and Loving HusbandA Letter to Her Husband, Absent uponPublic EmploymentAnother [Letter to Her Husband, Absentupon Public Employment]In Reference to Her Children,23 June 1659In Memory of My Dear GrandchildElizabeth BradstreetIn Memory of My Dear GrandchildAnne BradstreetOn My Dear Grandchild Simon BradstreetFor Deliverance from a FeverHere Follows Some Verses upon theBurning of Our HouseAs Weary PilgrimTo My Dear ChildrenMICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH (1636–1711) From The Day of DoomMARY ROWLANDSON (c. 1636–1711)♦ A Narrative of the Captivity andRestoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson EDWARD TAYLOR (c. 1642–1729)Psalm Two (First Version)Preparatory MeditationsPrologueMeditation 8 (First Series)Meditation 16 (First Series)Meditation 22 (First Series)Meditation 38 (First Series)Meditation 26 (Second Series)God’s DeterminationsThe PrefaceThe Soul’s Groan to Christ for SuccorChrist’s ReplyUpon Wedlock, and Death of ChildrenUpon a Wasp Chilled with ColdHuswiferyA Fig for Thee, Oh! DeathSAMUEL SEWALL (1652–1730)From The Diary of Samuel SewallThe Selling of Joseph: A Memorial COTTON MATHER (1663–1728)The Wonders of the Invisible World[A People of God in the Devil’sTerritories][The Trial of Martha Carrier]Magnalia Christi AmericanaGaleacius Secundus: The Life ofWilliam Bradford Esq., Governor ofPlymouth ColonyNehemias Americanus: The Life of JohnWinthrop, Esq., Governor ofthe Massachusetts Colony* A Notable Exploit: Dux Faemina FactiBonifaciusFrom Essays to Do GoodTHE NEW-ENGLAND PRIMER (1690) Alphabet AMERICAN LITERATURE 1700–1820IntroductionTimelineSARAH KEMBLE KNIGHT (1666–1727)The Private Journal of a Journey fromBoston to New YorkTuesday, October the ThirdFriday, October the SixthSaturday, October the SeventhDecember the SixthJanuary the SixthWILLIAM BYRD (1674–1744)From The Secret Diary of William Byrdof Westover, 1710-1712JONATHAN EDWARDS (1703–1758)Personal NarrativeOn Sarah PierpontSarah Edwards’s NarrativeA Divine and Supernatural LightSinners in the Hands of an Angry GodNative Americans: Contact and ConflictPontiac: Speech at DetroitSamson Occom:From A Short Narrativeof My LifeThomas Jefferson: Chief Logan’s Speech,From Notes on the State of VirginiaRed Jacket: Reply to the MissionaryJoseph CramTecumseh: Speech to the OsagesBENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706–1790)The Way to Wealth*Polly BakerRules by Which a Great Empire May BeReduced to a Small OneInformation to Those Who WouldRemove to AmericaRemarks Concerning the Savages ofNorth America♦ The AutobiographyJOHN WOOLMAN (1720–1772)The Journal of John Woolman[Early Life and Vocation]J. HECTOR ST. JOHN DE CREVECOEUR(1735–1813)Letters from an American FarmerFrom Letter III. What Is an AmericanFrom Letter IX. Description ofCharles-TownFrom Letter X. On Snakes; and on theHumming BirdFrom Letter XII. Distresses of aFrontier ManJOHN ADAMS (1735–1826) and ABIGAILADAMS (1744–1818)LettersAbigail Adams to John Adams (August 19,1774) [Classical Parallels]John Adams to Abigail Adams (September16, 1774) [Prayers at the Congress]John Adams to Abigail Adams (July 23,1775) [Dr. Franklin]John Adams to Abigail Adams (October29, 1775) [Prejudice in Favor ofNew England]Abigail Adams to John Adams (November27, 1775) [The Building Up aGreat Empire]John Adams to Abigail Adams (July 3,1776) [These colonies are free andindependent states]John Adams to Abigail Adams (July 3,1776) [Reflections on the Declarationof Independence]Abigail Adams to John Adams (July 14,1776) [The Declaration. Smallpox.The Grey Horse]John Adams to Abigail Adams (July 20,1776) [Do My Friends Think IHave Forgotten My Wife andChildren]Abigail Adams to John Adams (July 21,1776) [Smallpox. The Proclamation forIndependence Read Aloud]THOMAS PAINE (1737–1809)Common SenseIntroductionFrom III. Thoughts on the Present Stateof American AffairsThe Crisis, No. 1The Age of ReasonChapter I. The Author’s Professionof FaithChapter II. Of Missions andRevelationsChapter XI. Of the Theology of theChristians, and the True TheologyTHOMAS JEFFERSON (1743–1826)The Autobiography of Thomas JeffersonFrom The Declaration of IndependenceNotes on the State of VirginiaQuery V. Cascades[Natural Bridge]*From Query XIV. LawsQuery XVII. ReligionQuery XIX. ManufacturesTHE FEDERALISTNo. 1 [Alexander Hamilton]No. 10 [James Madison]OLAUDAH EQUIANO (1745?–1797)From The Interesting Narrative of the Lifeof Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavas Vassa,the African, Written by HimselfFrom Chapter IChapter IIFrom Chapter IIIFrom Chapter IVFrom Chapter VFrom Chapter VIFrom Chapter VIIWomen’s Poetry: From Manuscript to Print Jane Colman TurellTo My Muse, December 29, 1725[Lines on Childbirth]Annis Boudinot StocktonTo my Burrissa—An ode on the birth day . . . of GeorgeWashingtonSarah Wentworth MortonThe African ChiefStanzas to a Husband Recently United Mercy Otis WarrenA Thought on the Inestimable Blessingof Reason[Prologue for Lines] To a PatrioticGentlemanAnn Eliza BleeckerOn the Immensity of CreationTo Miss M. V. W.Margaretta FaugeresTo Aribert. October, 1790JUDITH SARGENT MURRAY (1751–1820) On the Equality of the SexesThe GleanerChapter XI[History of Miss Wellwood] PHILIP FRENEAU (1752–1832)The Wild Honey SuckleThe Indian Burial GroundTo Sir TobyOn Mr. Paine’s Rights of ManOn the Religion of NaturePHILLIS WHEATLEY (c. 1753–1784)On Being Brought from Africa to AmericaTo the Right Honorable William, Earl ofDartmouthTo the University of Cambridge, in NewEnglandOn the Death of the Rev. Mr. GeorgeWhitefield, 1770Thoughts on the Works ofProvidenceTo S.M., a Young African Painter, onSeeing His WorksTo His Excellency General WashingtonLettersTo John Thornton (April 21, 1772)To Rev. Samson Occom (February 11,1774)ROYALL TYLER (1757–1826)♦The ContrastHANNAH WEBSTER FOSTER (1758–1840)♦ The Coquette; or, The History ofEliza Wharton*CHARLES BROCKDEN BROWN (1771–1810)*Edgar HuntleyChapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8VOLUME B: AMERICANLITERATURE 1820–1865IntroductionTimelineWASHINGTON IRVING (1783–1859)*The Author’s Account of HimselfRip Van WinkleThe Legend of Sleepy HollowJAMES FENIMORE COOPER (1789–1851)The PioneersVolume IIChapter II [The Judge’s History ofthe Settlement; A Sudden Storm]Chapter III [The Slaughter of thePigeons]The Last of the MohicansVolume IChapter III [Natty Bumppo andChingachgook; Stories of theFathers]CATHARINE MARIA SEDGWICK(1789–1867)Hope LeslieVolume IChapter IV [Magawisca’s History of“The Pequod War”]Volume IIChapter XIV [Magawisca’s Farewell]LYDIA HOWARD HUNTLEY SIGOURNEY(1791–1865)Death of an InfantThe SutteeTo the First Slave ShipColumbus Before the University ofSalamancaIndian NamesSlaveryTo a Shred of LinenOur AboriginesTwo DraughtsFallen ForestsErin’s DaughterTwo Old WomenWILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (1794–1878)ThanatopsisTo a WaterfowlSonnet — To an American PainterDeparting for EuropeThe Prairies*The Death of LincolnWILLIAM APESS (1798–1839)*A Son of the Forest*Chapter 1*Chapter 2*Chapter 3An Indian’s Looking-Glass for theWhite ManJANE JOHNSTON SCHOOLCRAFT(1800–1842)Sweet WillyTo the Pine TreeLines Written at Castle Island,Lake SuperiorMoowis, the Indian CoquetteThe Little Spirit, or Boy-ManCAROLINE STANSBURY KIRKLAND(1801–1864)A New Home — Who’ll Follow? or,Glimpses of Western LifePrefaceChapter IChapter XVI*Chapter XVIILYDIA MARIA CHILD (1802–1880)*The QuadroonsLetters from New-YorkLetter XIV [Burying Ground ofthe Poor]Letter XX [Birds]Letter XXXIV [Women’s Rights]Letter XXXVI [Barnum’s AmericanMuseum]RALPH WALDO EMERSON (1803–1882)♦ NatureThe American ScholarThe Divinity School AddressSelf-Reliance*CirclesThe PoetExperienceJohn BrownThoreauEach and AllThe Snow-StormBacchusMerlinBrahmaLetter to Walt Whitman (July 21, 1855)Native Americans: Removal and Resistance Black Hawk:From Life of Black Hawk Petalesharo: Speech of the Pawnee Chief Speech of the Pawnee Loup ChiefElias Boudinot:From the Cherokee PhoenixMemorial of the Cherokee Citizens, November 5, 1829Ralph Waldo Emerson: Letter to President Martin Van BurenNATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804–1864) My Kinsman, Major MolineuxYoung Goodman BrownWakefieldThe May-Pole of Merry MountThe Minister’s Black VeilThe Birth-MarkRappaccini’s Daughter♦ The Scarlet LetterPreface to The House of the Seven Gables HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807–1882)A Psalm of LifeThe Slave Singing at MidnightThe Day Is DoneEvangeline, A Tale of Acadie[Prologue]The Jewish Cemetery at NewportMy Lost Youth*HawthorneThe Cross of SnowJOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (1807–1892) The Hunters of MenIchabod!Snow-Bound: A Winter IdylEDGAR ALLAN POE (1809–1849)Sonnet — To ScienceTo HelenIsrafelThe City in the SeaAloneThe RavenTo ———. Ulalume: A BalladAnnabel LeeLigeiaThe Fall of the House of UsherWilliam Wilson. A TaleThe Man of the CrowdThe Masque of the Red DeathThe Tell-Tale HeartThe Black CatThe Purloined LetterThe Cask of AmontilladoThe Philosophy of CompositionFrom The Poetic Principle ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809–1865)A House Divided: Speech Delivered atSpringfield, Illinois, at the Close ofthe Republican State Convention,June 16, 1858Address Delivered at the Dedication ofthe Cemetery at Gettysburg, Nov. 19,1863Second Inaugural Address, March 4,1865MARGARET FULLER (1810–1850)*The Great LawsuitReview of Narrative of the Life ofFrederick Douglass, An AmericanSlaveFourth of JulyThings and Thoughts on EuropeLetter XVIIISlavery, Race, and the Makingof American LiteratureThomas Jefferson:From Notes on theState of VirginiaDavid Walker: From David Walker’s Appealin Four ArticlesWilliam Lloyd Garrison: To the PublicAngelina E. Grimke: From Appeal to theChristian Women of the SouthSojourner Truth: Speech to the Women’sRights Convention in Akron, Ohio, 1851Martin R. Delany:From Political Destiny ofthe Colored Race on the American ContinentHARRIET BEECHER STOWE (1811–1896)Uncle Tom’s Cabin: or, Life among theLowlyVolume IChapter I. In Which the Reader IsIntroduced to a Man of HumanityChapter III. The Husband andFatherChapter VII. The Mother’s StruggleChapter IX. In Which It AppearsThat a Senator Is but a ManChapter XII. Select Incident ofLawful TradeChapter XIII. The QuakerSettlementChapter XIV. EvangelineVolume IIChapter XX. Topsy*From Chapter XXVI. DeathChapter XXX. The Slave WarehouseChapter XXXI. The Middle PassageChapter XXXIV. The Quadroon’sStoryChapter XL. The MartyrFANNY FERN (SARAH WILLIS PARTON)(1811–1872)Aunt Hetty on MatrimonyHungry Husbands*Leaves of GrassMale Criticism on Ladies’ Books“Fresh Leaves, by Fanny Fern”A Law More Nice Than JustRuth HallChapter LIVChapter LVIHARRIET JACOBS (c. 1813–1897)Incidents in the Life of a Slave GirlI. ChildhoodVII. The LoverX. A Perilous Passage in the SlaveGirl’s LifeXIV. Another Link to LifeXXI. The Loophole of RetreatXLI. Free at LastWILLIAM WELLS BROWN (1814–1884)The Narrative of the Life and Escape ofWilliam Wells Brown[Escape: Self-Education]Clotel; or, The President’s DaughterChapter I. The Negro SaleChapter XXIV. The ArrestChapter XXV. Death Is FreedomHENRY DAVID THOREAU (1817–1862)Resistance to Civil Government♦ Walden, or Life in the WoodsSlavery in MassachusettsFrom A Plea for Captain John BrownFREDERICK DOUGLASS (1818–1895)♦ Narrative of the Life of FrederickDouglass, an American Slave, Writtenby HimselfMy Bondage and My FreedomChapter I. The Author’s ChildhoodChapter II. The Author Removedfrom His First HomeChapter III. The Author’s ParentageWhat to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?♦ The Heroic SlaveSection, Region, Nation, HemisphereDaniel Webster:From First Settlement ofNew EnglandWilliam Gilmore Simms:From Americanismin Literature*Moral Map of the United States*Lorenzo De Zavala:From Journey to theUnited States of North AmericaRichard Henry Dana Jr.: From Two Yearsbefore the MastJohn Louis O’Sullivan: From AnnexationFrancis Parkman Jr.: From The California and Oregon Trail*James M. Whitfield: Stanzas for theFirst of August*Julia Ward Howe:From A Trip to Cuba Mary Boykin Miller Chesnut:From Mary Chesnut’s Civil WarWALT WHITMAN (1819–1892)Preface to Leaves of Grass (1855)InscriptionsOne’s-Self I SingShut Not Your Doors♦ Song of Myself (1881)Children of AdamFrom Pent-up Aching RiversA Woman Waits for MeSpontaneous MeOnce I Pass’d through a Populous CityFacing West from California’s ShoresCalamusScented Herbage of My BreastWhoever You Are Holding Me Nowin HandTrickle DropsHere the Frailest Leaves of MeCrossing Brooklyn FerrySea-DriftOut of the Cradle Endlessly RockingAs I Ebb’d with the Ocean of LifeBy the RoadsideWhen I Heard the Learn’d AstronomerThe Dalliance of the EaglesDrum-TapsBeat! Beat! Drums!Cavalry Crossing a FordVigil Strange I Kept on the FieldOne NightA March in the Ranks Hard-Prest, andthe Road UnknownA Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Grayand DimAs Toilsome I Wander’d Virginia’sWoodsThe Wound-DresserReconciliationAs I Lay with My Head in Your LapCameradoSpirit Whose Work Is DoneMemories of President LincolnWhen Lilacs Last in the DooryardBloom’dWhispers of Heavenly DeathA Noiseless Patient SpiderLetter to Ralph Waldo EmersonLive Oak, with MossFrom Democratic VistasHERMAN MELVILLE (1819–1891)Hawthorne and His MossesMoby-DickChapter 1. LoomingsChapter 3. The Spouter-InnChapter 28. AhabChapter 36. The Quarter-DeckChapter 41. Moby DickChapter 42. The Whiteness ofthe WhaleChapter 135. The Chase — Third DayEpilogue♦ Bartleby, the ScrivenerThe Paradise of Bachelors and theTartarus of Maids♦ Benito CerenoBattle-PiecesThe PortentThe March into VirginiaShilohThe House-topJohn Marr and Other SailorsThe Maldive SharkTimoleon, Etc.Monody♦ Billy Budd, SailorFRANCES ELLEN WATKINS HARPER(1825–1911)Eliza HarrisThe Slave MotherEthiopiaThe Tennessee HeroBury Me in a Free Land*Learning to ReadThe Two OffersEMILY DICKINSON (1830–1886)39 [49] [I never lost as much but twice-]112 [67] [Success is counted sweetest]122 [130] [These are the days when Birdscome back - ]123 [131] [Besides the Autumn poetssing]124 [216] [Safe in their AlabasterChambers - ]146 [148] [All overgrown by cunningmoss]194 [1072] [Title divine, is mine!]202 [185] [“Faith” is a fine invention]207 [214] [I taste a liquor never brewed - ]225 [199] [I’m “wife” - I’ve finished that - ]236 [324] [Some keep the Sabbath goingto Church - ]256 [285] [The Robin’s my Criterion forTune - ]259 [287] [A Clock stopped - ]260 [288] [I’m Nobody! Who are you?]269 [249] [Wild Nights - Wild Nights!]279 [664] [Of all the Souls that standcreate - ]320 [258] [There’s a certain Slant of light]339 [241] [I like a look of Agony]340 [280] [I felt a Funeral, in my Brain]347 [348] [I dreaded that first Robin, so]348 [505] [I would not paint - a picture - ]*353 [508] [I’m ceded - I’ve stoppedbeing Their’s]355 [510] [It was not Death, for I stood up]359 [328] [A Bird came down the Walk - ]365 [338] [I know that He exists]372 [341] [After great pain, a formalfeeling comes - ]373 [501] [This World is not conclusion]381 [326] [I cannot dance upon myToes - ]395 [336] [The face I carry withme - last - ]407 [670] [One need not be a Chamber -to be Haunted - ]409 [303] [The Soul selects her ownSociety - ]411 [528] [Mine - by the Right of theWhite Election!]446 [448] [This was a Poet - ]448 [449] [I died for Beauty - but wasscarce]466 [657] [I dwell in Possibility - ]475 [488] [Myself was formed - aCarpenter - ]477 [315] [He fumbles at your Soul]479 [712] [Because I could not stop forDeath - ]519 [441] [This is my letter to the World]576 [305] [The difference betweenDespair]588 [536] [The Heart asks Pleasure –first - ]591 [465] [I heard a Fly buzz - when Idied - ]598 [632] [The Brain - is wider than theSky - ]600 [312] [Her - last Poems - ]620 [435] [Much Madness is divinestSense - ]627 [593] [I think I was enchanted]648 [547] [I’ve seen a Dying Eye]656 [520] [I started Early - Took myDog - ]675 [401] [What Soft - CherubicCreatures - ]*706 [640] [I cannot live withoutYou]760 [650] [Pain - has an Element ofBlank - ]764 [754] [My Life had stood - a LoadedGun - ]788 [709] [Publication - is the Auction]817 [822] [This Consciousness that isaware]857 [732] [She rose to His Requirement -dropt]935 [1540] [As imperceptibly as Grief]1096 [986] [A narrow Fellow in theGrass]1108 [1078] [The Bustle in a House]1163 [1138] [A Spider sewed at Night]1243 [1126] [Shall I take thee, the Poetsaid]1263 [1129] [Tell all the Truth but tell itslant - ]1353 [1247] [To pile like Thunder to it’sclose]1454 [1397] [It sounded as if the Streetswere running]1489 [1463] [A Route of Evanescence]1577 [1545] [The Bible is an antiqueVolume - ]1593 [1587] [He ate and drank theprecious Words - ]1665 [1581] [The farthest Thunder thatI heard]1668 [1624] [Apparently with no surprise]1675 [1601] [Of God we ask one favor,that we may be forgiven - ]1715 [1651] [A word made Flesh isseldom]1773 [1732] [My life closed twice beforeit’s close]Letter Exchange with Susan GilbertDickinson on Poem 124 [216]*L etters to T. W. HigginsonApril 15, 1862April 25, 1862*REBECCA HARDING DAVIS (1831–1910) ♦ Life in the Iron-Mills*LOUISA MAY ALCOTT (1832–1888)*M y Contraband*F rom Little WomenLiterary LessonsVOLUME C: AMERICAN LITERATURE 1865–1914 IntroductionTimelineWALT WHITMAN (1819–1892)♦ Song of Myself (1881)Crossing Brooklyn FerryOut of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking*Vigil Strange I Kept in the Field One Night*The Wound-Dresser*When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d *From Democratic VistasEMILY DICKINSON (1830–1886)39 [49] [I never lost as much but twice-]112 [67] [Success is counted sweetest]124 [216] [Safe in their AlabasterChambers - ]202 [185] [“Faith” is a fine invention]207 [214] [I taste a liquor never brewed - ]225 [199] [I’m “wife” - I’ve finished that - ]236 [324] [Some keep the Sabbath goingto Church - ]269 [249] [Wild Nights - Wild Nights!]320 [258] [There’s a certain Slant of light]339 [241] [I like a look of Agony]340 [280] [I felt a Funeral, in my Brain]*353 [508] [I’m ceded - I’ve stopped beingTheir’s -]359 [328] [A Bird came down the Walk - ]372 [341] [After great pain, a formalfeeling comes - ]409 [303] [The Soul selects her ownSociety - ]448 [449] [I died for Beauty - but wasscarce]479 [712] [Because I could not stop forDeath - ]519 [441] [This is my letter to the World]591 [465] [I heard a Fly buzz - when I died - ]598 [632] [The Brain - is wider than theSky - ]620 [435] [Much Madness is divinestSense - ]656 [520] [I started Early - Took my Dog - ]*706 [640] [I cannot live with You - ]764 [754] [My Life had stood - a LoadedGun - ]1096 [986] [A narrow Fellow in theGrass]1263 [1129] [Tell all the Truth but tell itslant - ]1668 [1624] [Apparently with no surprise]1773 [1732] [My life closed twice beforeit’s close]MARÍA AMPARO RUIZ DE BURTON(1832–1895)The Squatter and the DonChapter V. The Don in His Broad AcresMARK TWAIN (Samuel L. Clemens)(1835–1910)The Notorious Jumping Frog of CalaverasCountyRoughing ItChapter 23♦ Adventures of Huckleberry FinnFenimore Cooper’s Literary OffencesThe War PrayerLetters from the EarthSatan’s LetterLetter IILetter IVLetter VILetter to the Earth*Critical Controversy: Race and the Endingof Adventures of Huckleberry Finn*Leo Marx:From Mr. Eliot, Mr. Trilling, andHuckleberry Finn*Julius Lester: From Morality and Adventuresof Huckleberry Finn*Justin Kaplan: From Born to Trouble: OneHundred Years of Huckleberry Finn*David L. Smith: From Huck, Jim, andAmerican Racial Discourse*Jane Smiley: From Say It Ain’t So Huck:Second Thoughts on Mark Twain’s LiteraryMasterpiece*Toni Morrison: From Introduction toAdventures of Huckleberry Finn*Shelley Fisher Fishkin: From Lighting Outfor the Territory: Reflections on Mark Twainand American CultureBRET HARTE (1836–1902)The Luck of Roaring CampMigglesTennessee’s Partner*WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS (1837–1920)*EdithaHENRY ADAMS (1838–1918)The Education of Henry AdamsEditor’s PrefacePrefaceChapter XXV. The Dynamo andthe VirginAMBROSE BIERCE (1842–1914?)An Occurrence at Owl Creek BridgeChickamaugaNative American Oratory*Smohalla: Comments to Major MacMurrayCharlot: [He has filled graves with our bones]HENRY JAMES (1843–1916)♦ Daisy Miller: A StudyThe Real ThingThe Beast in the JungleSARAH WINNEMUCCA (c. 1844–1891)Life Among the PiutesFrom Chapter I. First Meeting ofPiutes and WhitesFrom Chapter II. Domestic and SocialMoralitiesFrom Chapter VIII. The Yakima AffairJOEL CHANDLER HARRIS (1848–1908)The Wonderful Tar-Baby StoryHow Mr. Rabbit Was Too Sharp forMr. FoxEMMA LAZARUS (1849–1887)In the Jewish Synagogue at Newport1492The New ColossusSARAH ORNE JEWETT (1849–1909)A White Heron*The Foreigner。

英美国情判断题美国部分英美国情判断题美国部分Unit3 America Beginning1.The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur. T2.Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1942. T3.The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F Virginia4.Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church. F 不是建立，而是founded5.The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. T （基督教）贵格派教徒6.The theory of politics of the American Resolution came from John Locke, a French philosopher in the 17th century. F English7.By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. T8.George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. F John Adams OR Thomas Jefferson Unit 4 The Political System in the United States1.When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. F was not2.The agreement that set this plan of cooperation among different states after the War of American Independence was called the Constitution of the United States. F the Articles of Confederation 联邦条款3.The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strongcentral government. T 联邦制4.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. T 国会5.Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only one term. F two terms6.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 众议院F the Senate 参议院7.The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. T 人权法案8.The idea of checks and balances as a way of restrictinggovernmental power and preventing its abuse was first provided in the Federalist Paper. T制约与平衡9.Today, the United State has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by the people i n the states of the North and West. T 民主党，共和党10.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote to bea candidate for public office. F 公职do not have toUnit 5 American Economy1.Alexander Hamilton was the third president of the United Stated. F Thomas Jefferson2.The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. T3.Many people objected to the idea of the corporation because it is less personal than sole proprietorship andpartnership. T 所有（权），独资企业；合伙关系4.The United State?s economy suffered from the two World Wars in the 20th century. F not5.Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to American?s economic success. T 决定性的，重要的6.When people buy stocks, they become part owner of the company. T7.The stockholders make profits even when the company loses money. F8.One reason for America?s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents, F 富裕9.Strong domestic demand is one factor contributing to America?s affluence. T 家庭的，国家的10.Many American leaders have extol led the virtues of farmers. T 赞扬Unit 6 Religion in the United States1.During the War of Independence and many years after that the Americans were mostly concerned about religious freedom.F It was politics and not religion that most occupied American s?minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward.2.According to the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, there would be a state-supported region. F 联邦政府不得给予任何宗教以特殊优惠。

Chapter 1In the corner of a first-class smoking carriage, Mr. Justice Wargrave, lately retired from the bench, puffed at a cigar and ran an interested eye through the political news in the Times.He laid the paper down and glanced out of the window. They were running now through Somerset. He glanced at his watch - another two hours to go.He went over in his mind all that had appeared in the papers about Indian Island. There had been its original purchase by an American millionaire who was crazy about yachting - and an account of the luxurious modern house he had built on this little island off the Devon coast. The unfortunate fact that the new third wife of the American millionaire was a bad sailor had led to the subsequent putting up of the house and island for sale. Various glowing advertisements of it had appeared in the papers. Then came the first bald statement that it had been bought - by a Mr. Owen. After that the rumours of the gossip writers had started. Indian Island had really been bought by Miss Gabrielle Turl, the Hollywood film star! She wanted to spend some months there free from all publicity! Busy Bee had hinted delicately that it was to be an abode for Royalty??! Mr. Merryweather had had it whispered to him that it had been bought for a honeymoon - Young Lord L... had surrendered to Cupid at last! Jones knew for a fact that it had been purchased by the Admiralty with a view to carrying out some very hush hush experiments!Definitely, Indian Island was news!From his pocket Mr. Justice Wargrave drew out a letter. The handwriting was practically illegible but words here and there stood out with unexpected clarity. Dearest Lawrence... such years since I heard anything of you... must come to Indian Island... the most enchanting place... so much to talk over... old days... communion with Nature... bask in sunshine... 12:40 from Paddington... meet you at Oakbridge... and his correspondent signed herself with a flourish his ever Constance Culmington.Mr. Justice Wargrave cast back in his mind to remember when exactly he had last seen Lady Constance Culmington. It must be seven - no, eightyears ago. She had then been going to Italy to bask in the sun and be at one with Nature and the contadini. Later, he had heard, she had proceeded to Syria where she proposed to bask in yet stronger sun and live at one with Nature and the bedouin.Constance Culmington, he reflected to himself, was exactly the sort of woman who would buy an island and surround herself with mystery! Nodding his head in gentle approval of his logic, Mr. Justice Wargrave allowed his head to nod... He slept...IIVera Claythorne, in a third-class carriage with five other travellers in it, leaned her head back and shut her eyes. How hot it was travelling by train today! It would be nice to get to the sea! Really a great piece of luck getting this job. When you wanted a holiday post it nearly always meant looking after a swarm of children - secretarial holiday posts were much more difficult to get. Even the agency hadn't held out much hope. And then the letter had come."I have received your name from the Skilled Women's Agency together with their recommendation. I understand they know you personally. I shall be glad to pay you the salary you ask and shall expect you to take up your duties on August 8th. The train is the 12:40 from Paddington and you will be met at Oakbridge station. I enclose five pound notes for expenses.Yours truly,Una Nancy Owen.And at the top was the stamped address Indian Island. Sticklehaven. Devon...Indian Island! Why, there had been nothing else in the papers lately! All sorts of hints and interesting rumours. Though probably that was mostly untrue. But the house had certainly been built by a millionaire and was said to be absolutely the last word in luxury.Vera Claythorne, tired by a recent strenuous term at school, thought to herself - "Being a games mistress in a third-class school isn't much of a catch... If only I could get a job at some decent school."And then, with a cold feeling round her heart, she thought: "But I'mlucky to have even this. After all, people don't like a Coroner's Inquest, even if the Coroner did acquit me of all blame!"He had even complimented her on her presence of mind and courage, she remembered. For an inquest it couldn't have gone better. And Mrs. Hamilton had been kindness itself to her - only Hugo - (but she wouldn't think of Hugo!)Suddenly, in spite of the heat in the carriage she shivered and wished she wasn't going to the sea. A picture rose clearly before her mind. Cyril's head, bobbing up and down, swimming to the rock... Up and down - up and down... And herself, swimming in easy practised strokes after him - cleaving her way through the water but knowing, only too surely, that she wouldn't be in time...The sea - its deep warm blue mornings spent lying out on the sands - Hugo - Hugo who had said he loved her...She must not think of Hugo...She opened her eyes and frowned across at the man opposite her. A tall man with a brown face, light eyes set rather close together and an arrogant almost cruel mouth.She thought to herself:"I bet he's been to some interesting parts of the world and seen some interesting things..."IIIPhilip Lombard, summing up the girl opposite in a mere flash of his quick moving eyes thought to himself:"Quite attractive - a bit schoolmistressy perhaps..."A cool customer, he should imagine - and one who could hold her own - in love or war. He'd rather like to take her on...He frowned. No, cut out all that kind of stuff. This was business. He'd got to keep his mind on the job.What exactly was up, he wondered? That little Jew had been damned mysterious."Take it or leave it, Captain Lombard."He had said thoughtfully:"A hundred guineas, eh?"He had said it in a casual way as though a hundred guineas was nothing to him. A hundred guineas when he was literally down to his last square meal! He had fancied, though, that the little Jew had not been deceived - that was the damnable part about Jews, you couldn't deceive them about money - they knew!He had said in the same casual tone:"And you can't give me any further information?"Mr. Isaac Morris had shaken his little bald head very positively. "No, Captain Lombard, the matter rests there. It is understood by my client that your reputation is that of a good man in a tight place. I am empowered to hand you one hundred guineas in return for which you will travel to Sticklehaven, Devon. The nearest station is Oakbridge, you will be met there and motored to Sticklehaven where a motor launch will convey you to Indian Island. There you will hold yourself at the disposal of my client."Lombard had said abruptly:"For how long?""Not longer than a week at most."Fingering his small moustache, Captain Lombard said:"You understand I can't undertake anything - illegal?"He had darted a very sharp glance at the other as he had spoken. There had been a very faint smile on the thick Semitic lips of Mr. Morris as he answered gravely:"If anything illegal is proposed, you will, of course, be at perfect liberty to withdraw."Damn the smooth little brute, he had smiled! It was as though he knew very well that in Lombard's past actions legality had not always been a sine qua non...Lombard's own lips parted in a grin.By Jove, he'd sailed pretty near the wind once or twice! But he'd always got away with it! There wasn't much he drew the line at really...No, there wasn't much he'd draw the line at. He fancied that he was going to enjoy himself at Indian Island...IVIn a non-smoking carriage Miss Emily Brent sat very upright as was her custom. She was sixty-five and she did not approve of lounging. Her father, a Colonel of the old school, had been particular about deportment.The present generation was shamelessly lax - in their carriage, and in every other way...Enveloped in an aura of righteousness and unyielding principles, Miss Brent sat in her crowded third-class carriage and triumphed over its discomfort and its heat. Every one made such a fuss over things nowadays! They wanted injections before they had teeth pulled - they took drugs if they couldn't sleep - they wanted easy chairs and cushions and the girls allowed their figures to slop about anyhow and lay about half naked on the beaches in summer.Miss Brent's lips set closely. She would like to make an example of certain people.She remembered last year's summer holiday. This year, however, it would be quite different. Indian Island...Mentally she reread the letter which she had already read so many times.Dear Miss Brent,I do hope you remember me? We were together at Bellhaven Guest House in August some years ago, and we seemed to have so much in common.I am starting a guest house of my own on an island off the coast of Devon.I think there is really an opening for a place where there is good plain cooking and a nice old-fashioned type of person. None of this nudity and gramophones half the night. I shall be very glad if you could see your way to spending your summer holiday on Indian Island - quite free - as my guest. Would early in August suit you? Perhaps the 8th.Yours sincerely.U.N. -What was the name? The signature was rather difficult to read. Emily Brent thought impatiently: "So many people write their signatures quiteillegibly."She let her mind run back over the people at Bellhaven. She had been there two summers running. There had been that nice middle-aged woman - Mrs. - Mrs. - now what was her name? - her father had been a Canon. And there had been a Miss Olton - Ormen - No, surely it was Oliver! Yes - Oliver.Indian Island! There had been things in the paper about Indian Island - something about a film star - or was it an American millionaire?Of course often those places went very cheap - islands didn't suit everybody. They thought the idea was romantic but when they came to live there they realized the disadvantages and were only too glad to sell. Emily Brent thought to herself: "I shall be getting a free holiday at any rate."With her income so much reduced and so many dividends not being paid, that was indeed something to take into consideration. If only she could remember a little more about Mrs. - or was it Miss - Oliver?VGeneral Macarthur looked out of the carriage window. The train was just coming into Exeter where he had to change. Damnable, these slow branch line trains! This place, Indian Island, was really no distance at all as the crow flies.He hadn't got it clear who this fellow Owen was. A friend of Spoof Leggard's, apparently - and of Johnny Dyer's.- One or two of your old cronies are coming - would like to have a talk over old times.Well, he'd enjoy a chat about old times. He'd had a fancy lately that fellows were rather lighting shy of him. All owing to that damned rumour! By God, it was pretty hard - nearly thirty years ago now! Armstrong had talked, he supposed. Damned young pup! What did he know about it? Oh, well, no good brooding about these things! One fancied things sometimes - fancied a fellow was looking at you queerly.This Indian Island now, he'd be interested to see it. A lot of gossip flying about. Looked as though there might be something in the rumour that the Admiralty or the War Office or the Air Force had got hold of it...Young Elmer Robson, the American millionaire, had actually built the place. Spent thousands on it, so it was said. Every mortal luxury... Exeter! And an hour to wait! And he didn't want to wait. He wanted to get on...VIDr. Armstrong was driving his Morris across Salisbury Plain. He was very tired... Success had its penalties. There had been a time when he had sat in his consulting room in Harley Street, correctly apparelled, surrounded with the most up-to-date appliances and the most luxurious furnishings and waited - waited through the empty days for his venture to succeed or fail...Well, it had succeeded! He'd been lucky! Lucky and skillful of course. He was a good man at his job - but that wasn't enough for success. You had to have luck as well. And he'd had it! An accurate diagnosis, a couple of grateful women patients - women with money and position - and word had got about. "You ought to try Armstrong - quite a young man - but so clever - Pam had been to all sorts of people for years and he put his finger on the trouble at once!" The ball had started rolling.And now Dr. Armstrong had definitely arrived. His days were full. He had little leisure. And so, on this August morning, he was glad that he was leaving London and going to be for some days on an island off the Devon coast. Not that it was exactly a holiday. The letter he had received had been rather vague in its terms, but there was nothing vague about the accompanying cheque. A whacking fee. These Owens must be rolling in money. Some little difficulty, it seemed, a husband who was worried about his wife's health and wanted a report on it without her being alarmed. She wouldn't hear of seeing a doctor. Her nerves -Nerves! The doctor's eyebrows went up. These women and their nerves! Well, it was good for business, after all. Half the women who consulted him had nothing the matter with them but boredom, but they wouldn't thank you for telling them so! And one could usually find something. "A slightly uncommon condition of the - some long word - nothing at all serious - but it just needs putting right. A simple treatment."Well, medicine was mostly faith-healing when it came to it. And he had agood manner - he could inspire hope and belief.Lucky that he'd managed to pull himself together in time after that business ten - no, fifteen years ago. It had been a near thing, that! He'd been going to pieces. The shock had pulled him together. He'd cut out drink altogether. By Jove, it had been a near thing though...With a devastating car-splitting blast on the horn an enormous Super Sports Dalmain car rushed past him at eighty miles an hour. Dr. Armstrong nearly went into the hedge. One of these young fools who tore round the country. He hated them. That had been a near shave, too. Damned young fool!VIITony Marston, roaring down into Mere, thought to himself:"The amount of cars crawling about the roads is frightful. Always something blocking your way. And they will drive in the middle of the road! Pretty hopeless driving in England, anyway... Not like France where you really could let out..."Should he stop here for a drink, or push on? Heaps of time! Only another hundred miles and a bit to go. He'd have a gin and gingerbeer. Fizzing hot day!This island place ought to be rather good fun - if the weather lasted. Who were these Owens, he wondered? Rich and stinking, probably. Badger was rather good at nosing people like that out. Of course, he had to, poor old chap, with no money of his own...Hope they'd do one well in drinks. Never knew with these fellows who'd made their money and weren't born to it. Pity that story about Gabrielle Turl having bought Indian Island wasn't true. He'd like to have been in with that film star crowd.Oh, well, he supposed there'd be a few girls there...Coming out of the Hotel, he stretched himself, yawned, looked up at the blue sky and climbed into the Dalmain.Several young women looked at him admiringly - his six feet of well-proportioned body, his crisp hair, tanned face, and intensely blue eyes.He let in the clutch with a roar and leapt up the narrow street. Old menand errand boys jumped for safety. The latter looked after the car admiringly.Anthony Marston proceeded on his triumphal progress.VIIIMr. Blore was in the slow train from Plymouth. There was only one other person in his carriage, an elderly seafaring gentleman with a bleary eye. At the present moment he had dropped off to sleep.Mr. Blore was writing carefully in a little notebook."That's the lot," he muttered to himself. "Emily Brent, Vera Claythorne, Dr. Armstrong, Anthony Marston, old Justice Wargrave, Philip Lombard, General Macarthur, C.M.G., D.S.O. Manservant and wife: Mr. and Mrs. Rogers."He closed the notebook and put it back in his pocket. He glanced over at the corner and the slumbering man."Had one over the eight." diagnosed Mr. Blore accurately. He went over things carefully and conscientiously in his mind."Job ought to be easy enough," he ruminated. "Don't see how I can slip up on it. Hope I look all right."He stood up and scrutinized himself anxiously in the glass. The face reflected there was of a slightly military cast with a moustache. There was very little expression in it. The eyes were grey and set rather close together."Might be a Major," said Mr. Blore. "No, I forgot. There's that old military gent. He'd spot me at once."South Africa," said Mr. Blore, "that's my line! None of these people have anything to do with South Africa, and I've just been reading that travel folder so I can talk about it all right."Fortunately there were all sorts and types of colonials. As a man of means from South Africa, Mr. Blore felt that he could enter into any society unchallenged.Indian Island. He remembered Indian Island as a boy... Smelly sort of rock covered with gulls - stood about a mile from the coast. It had got its name from its resemblance to a man's head - an American Indian profile. Funny idea to go and build a house on it! Awful in bad weather! Butmillionaires were full of whims!The old man in the corner woke up and said:"You can't never tell at sea - never!"Mr. Blore said soothingly, "That's right. You can't."The old man hiccuped twice and said plaintively:"There's a squall coming."Mr. Blore said:"No, no, mate, it's a lovely day."The old man said angrily:"There's a squall ahead. I can smell it.""Maybe you're right," said Mr. Blore pacifically.The train stopped at a station and the old fellow rose unsteadily. "Thish where I get out." He fumbled with the window. Mr. Blore helped him.The old man stood in the doorway. He raised a solemn hand and blinked his bleary eyes."Watch and pray," he said. "Watch and pray. The day of judgement is at hand."He collapsed through the doorway onto the platform. From a recumbent position he looked up at Mr. Blore and said with immense dignity:"I'm talking to you, young man. The day of judgement is very close at hand."Subsiding onto his seat Mr. Blore thought to himself:"He's nearer the day of judgement than I am!"But there, as it happens, he was wrong...。

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释，歌谣，民谣）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释,英雄偶句诗)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays”esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。