永别了,武器

《永别了，武器》学案【学习目标】理清文章的脉络。

把握作者的思想感情。

学习本文通过对人物言行的描写抒发作者思想感情的写法。

【作者简介】海明威（1889 —1961 ）美国小说家。

早期以“迷惘的一代”的代表著称。

他风格独特，文体简洁，在欧美很有影响。

1926 年，他发表了一部长篇小说《太阳照样升起》，表现了第一次世界大战后青年一代的幻灭感。

海明威把“你们都是迷惘的一代”这句话当作小说的题词，《太阳照样升起》成了“迷惘的一代” 的代表作。

1927 年，海明威发表第二部短篇小说集《没有女人的男人》，在这些小说里创造了临危不惧、视死如归的“硬汉性格”。

这类人物形象的代表作是中篇小说《老人与海》。

1929 年，发表长篇小说《永别了，武器》（旧译《战地春梦》），主题是反对帝国主义战争。

1936 年，发表有名的短篇小说《乞力马扎罗的雪》，以现实与幻想交织的意识流手法描写一个作家临死之前的反省。

1938 年发表剧本《第五纵队》。

西班牙内战结束后，他回到古巴，在哈瓦那郊区创作长篇小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》（旧译《战地钟声》），于1940 年发表。

1954 年获诺贝尔文学奖。

【词语积累】窥望：偷偷地观望。

踅：中途折回。

虚张声势：假装出强大的气势。

坍落：坍塌下落。

嫡亲：血统最近的（亲属）。

潺潺：象声词，形容溪水、泉水等流动的声音。

【主题语段积累】“照我想，我们总得把这仗打完吧，”我说，“倘若只有单方面停止战争，战争还是要继续下去的。

倘若我们停手不打，一定会更糟糕“不会更糟糕的，” 帕西尼用恭敬的口气说，“没有比战争更糟糕的事情了。

”“战败会更糟糕。

”“我不相信，”帕西尼还是用恭敬的口气说，“战败算是什么？你回家就是了。

”“敌人会来追捕你的。

占领你的家，奸污你的姐妹。

” “我才不相信呢，”帕西尼说，“ 他们可不能对人人都这么做。

让各人守住各人的家好啦，把各人的姐妹关在屋子里。

”“世界上再没有像战争这么坏的事了。

我们呆在救护车队里，甚至连体会到战争的坏处都不可能。

海明威《永别了，武器》阅读练习及答案永别了，武器①（节选）［美］海明威军队这么庞大，路又这么少，撤退必然混乱。

根本没人下令指挥。

“博内罗呢？”我问。

皮安尼望着我。

“他走了，中尉。

”他说，“他情愿当俘虏去。

”我一声不响。

“他怕我们都会被打死。

”我一句话也不说。

“你看，我们对这场战争根本就没有信心，中尉。

”“他上哪儿去了？”“我不知道，中尉。

他溜走了。

”我们绕着城的北面走过乌迪内，过了一会儿便走进大撤退的基本行列，整夜往塔利亚门托河赶去。

我真想不到撤退的规模这么宏大。

不但是军队，整个国家都在撤退。

我们整夜赶着路，走得比车辆还要快。

博内罗情愿去当俘虏，真傻了。

其实一点危险都没有。

路上车辆和军队很拥挤，我们在路的旁边走着。

“我走得发腻了。

”“嗯，我们现在只要走就行了。

用不着再操心。

“博内罗是个傻瓜。

”“他真是傻瓜。

“他的事你怎么处理呢，中尉？”“我还不知道。

“你看，要是战争继续下去，上面会给他家属找大麻烦的。

“战争不会继续下去的。

”一个士兵说。

“我们正在回家。

战争结束了。

“要是战争真结束了，那就没有关系了，”皮安尼说，“但是我不相信战争已经结束。

真这样就太好啦。

”“我们不久就会知道的。

”我说。

“我不相信战争结束。

他们都这样想，我可不相信。

天亮前，我们赶到了塔利亚门托河的河岸边，便沿着涨满水的河走，走近一条所有的人马要过的桥。

我们沿着河岸走，然后挤进了过桥的人群。

我紧紧地央在人群中慢慢地过桥，上面是雨，下边隔着几尺便是河水，我从桥边探头望望河水。

没人说话。

大家只希望快点过桥，心里就是这么个念头。

我们快过去了。

木桥的那一头，两边站有一些军官和宪兵，打着手电简。

我们走近他们时，我看见有个军官用手指指队伍中的一个人。

一名宪兵走进行列，抓住那人的胳膊，拖了出去。

宪兵强迫他离开大路。

他们正仔细察看着行列中的每一个人。

我们刚要走到正对面时，他们又抓去了一个人。

我看见那人是个中校。

他头发灰白，长得又矮又胖。

宪兵把他拖到那一排检查行人的军官后面。

永别了，武器(A Farewell To Arms) Ernest Hemingway英文文字版A FAREWELL TO ARMS by Ernest HemingwayFlyleaf:The greatest American novel to emerge from World War I, _A Farewell toArms_ cemented Ernest Hemingway's reputation as one of the most importantnovelists of the twentieth century. Drawn largely from Hemingway's ownexperiences, it is the story of a volunteer ambulance driver wounded on theItalian front, the beautiful British nurse with whom he falls in love, and theirjourney to find some small sanctuary in a world gone mad with war. By turnsbeautiful and tragic, tender and harshly realistic, _A Farewell to Arms_ is oneof the supreme literary achievements of our timeCopyright 1929 by Charles Scribner's SonsCopyright renewed 1957 by Ernest HemingwaySCRIBNER1230 Avenue of the AmericasNew York, NY 10020This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters,and incidents either are products of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons,living or dead, is entirely coincidentalAll rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in anyformISBN 0-684-83788-9A FAREWELL TO ARMSBOOK ONE1 In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that lookedacross the river and the plain to the mountains. In the bed of the river therewere pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clearand swiftly moving and blue in the channels. Troops went by the house anddown the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees. Thetrunks of the trees too were dusty and the leaves fell early that year and wesaw the troops marching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirredby the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward theand white except for the leaves The plain was rich with crops; there were many orchards of fruit trees andbeyond the plain the mountains were brown and bare. There was fighting inthe mountains and at night we could see the flashes from the artillery. In thedark it was like summer lightning, but the nights were cool and there was notthe feeling of a storm coming Sometimes in the dark we heard the troops marching under the windowand guns going past pulled by motor-tractors. There was much traffic at nightand many mules on the roads with boxes of ammunition on each side of theirpack-saddles and gray motor trucks that carried men, and other trucks withloads covered with canvas that moved slower in the traffic. There were bigguns too that passed in the day drawn by tractors, the long barrels of the gunscovered with green branches and green leafy branches and vines laid over thetractors. To the north we could look across a valley and see a forest of chestnuttrees and behind it another mountain on this side of the river. There wasfighting for that mountain too, but it was not successful, and in the fall when therains came the leaves all fell from the chestnut trees and the branches werebare and the trunks black with rain. The vineyards were thin and bare-branched too and all the country wet and brown and dead with the autumn. There were mists over the river and clouds on the mountain and thetrucks splashed mud on the road and the troops were muddy and wet in theircapes; their rifles were wet and under their capes the two leather cartridge-boxes on the front of the belts, gray leather boxes heavy with thepacks of clips of thin, long 6.5 mm. cartridges, bulged forward under the capesso that the men, passing on the road, marched as though they were six months gone with child There were small gray motor cars that passed going very fast; usuallythere was an officer on the seat with the driver and more officers in the backseat. They splashed more mud than the camions even and if one of the officers in the back was very small and sitting between two generals, hehimself so small that you could not see his face but only the top of his cap andhis narrow back, and if the car went especially fast it was probably the King. Helived in Udine and came out in this way nearly every day to see how thingswere going, and things went very badly At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain camethe cholera. But it was checked and in the end only seven thousand died of it inthe army2 The next year there were many victories. The mountain that was beyondthe valley and the hillside where the chestnut forest grew was captured andthere were victories beyond the plain on the plateau to the south and wecrossed the river in August and lived in a house in Gorizia that had a fountainand many thick shady trees in a walled garden and a wistaria vine purple onthe side of the house. Now the fighting was in the next mountains beyond andwas not a mile away. The town was very nice and our house was very fine. Theriver ran behind us and the town had been captured very handsomelymountains beyond it could not be taken and I was very glad the Austriansseemed to want to come back to the town some time, if the war should end,because they did not bombard it to destroy it but only a little in a military wayPeople lived on in it and there were hospitals and caf ? and artillery up sidestreets and two bawdy houses, one for troops and one for officers, and with theend of the summer, the cool nights, the fighting in the mountains beyond thetown, the shell-marked iron of the railway bridge, the smashed tunnel by theriver where the fighting had been, the trees around the square and the longavenue of trees that led to the square; these with there being girls in the town,the King passing in his motor car, sometimes now seeing his face and littlelong necked body and gray beard like a goat's chin tuft; all these with thesudden interiors of houses that had lost a wall through shelling, with plasterand rubble in their gardens and sometimes in the street, and the wholegoing well on the Carso made the fall very different from the last fall when wehad been in the country. The war was changed too The forest of oak trees on the mountain beyond the town was gone. Theforest had been green in the summer when we had come into the town but nowthere were the stumps and the broken trunks and the ground torn up, and oneday at the end of the fall when I was out where the oak forest had been I saw acloud coming over the mountain. It came very fast and the sun went a dullyellow and then everything was gray and the sky was covered and the cloudcame on down the mountain and suddenly we were in it and it was snow. Thesnow slanted across the wind, the bare ground was covered, the stumps oftrees projected, there was snow on the guns and there were paths in the snowgoing back to the latrines behind trenches Later, below in the town, I watched the snow falling, looking out of thewindow of the bawdy house, the house for officers, where I sat with a friendand two glasses drinking a bottle of Asti, and, looking out at the snow fallingslowly and heavily, we knew it was all over for that year. Up the river themountains had not been taken; none of the mountains beyond the river hadbeen taken. That was all left for next year. My friend saw the priest from ourmess going by in the street, walking carefully in the slush, and pounded on thewindow to attract his attention. The priest looked up. He saw us and smiledMy friend motioned for him to come in. The priest shook his head and went onThat night in the mess after the spaghetti course, which every one ate veryquickly and seriously, lifting the spaghetti on the fork until the loose strandshung clear then lowering it into the mouth, or else using a continuous lift andsucking into the mouth, helping ourselves to wine from the grass-coveredgallon flask; it swung in a metal cradle and you pulled the neck of the flaskdown with the forefinger and the wine, clear red, tannic and lovely, poured outinto the glass held with the same hand; after this course, the captaincommenced picking on the priest The priest was young and blushed easily and wore a uniform like the restof us but with a cross in dark red velvet above the left breast pocket of his graytunic. The captain spoke pidgin Italian for my doubtful benefit, in order that Imight understand perfectly, that nothing should be lost "Priest to-day with girls," the captain said looking at the priest and at meThe priest smiled and blushed and shook his head. This captain baited him often "Not true?" asked the captain. "To-day I see priest with girls.""No," said the priest. The other officers were amused at the baiting "Priest not with girls," went on the captain. "Priest never with girls," heexplained to me. He took my glass and filled it, looking at my eyes all the time,but not losing sight of the priest "Priest every night five against one." Every one at the table laughed. "Youunderstand? Priest every night five against one." He made a gesture andlaughed loudly. The priest accepted it as a joke "The Pope wants the Austrians to win the war," the major said. "He lovesFranz Joseph. That's where the money comes from. I am an atheist.""Did you ever read the 'Black Pig'?" asked the lieutenant. "I will get you a copy. It was that which shook my faith.""It is a filthy and vile book," said the priest. "You do not really like it.""It is very valuable," saidthe lieutenant. "It tells you about those priestsYou will like it," he said to me. I smiled at the priest and he smiled back across the candle-light. "Don't you read it," he said "I will get it for you," said the lieutenant "All thinking men are atheists," the major said. "I do not believe in the FreeMasons however.""I believe in the Free Masons," the lieutenant said. "It is a nobleorganization." Some one came in and as the door opened I could see the snowfalling "There will be no more offensive now that the snow has come,"I said "Certainly not," said the major. "You should go on leave. You should go toRome, Naples, Sicily--""He should visit Amalfi," said the lieutenant. "I will write you cards to myfamily in Amalfi. They will love you like a son.""He should go to Palermo.""He ought to go to Capri.""I would like you to see Abruzzi and visit my family at Capracotta," said thepriest "Listen to him talk about the Abruzzi. There's more snow there than hereHe doesn't want to see peasants. Let him go to centres of culture andcivilization.""He should have fine girls. I will give you the addresses of places in NaplesBeautiful young girls--accompanied by their mothers. Ha! Ha! Ha!" The captainspread his hand open, the thumb up and fingers outspread as when you makeshadow pictures. There was a shadow from his hand on the wall. He spoke again in pidgin Italian. "You go away like this," he pointed to the thumb, "andcome back like this," he touched the little finger. Every one laughed "Look," said the captain. He spread the hand again. Again the candle-light made its shadows on the wall. He started with the upright thumb and named intheir order the thumb and four fingers, "soto-tenente the thumb, tenente firstfinger, capitano next finger, maggiore next to the little finger, and tenentecolonello the little finger. You go away soto-tenente! You come backsoto-colonello!" They all laughed. The captain was having a great success withfinger games. He looked at the priest and shouted, "Every night priest fiveagainst one!" They all laughed again "You must go on leave at once," the major said "I would like to go with you and show you things," the lieutenant said "When you come back bring a phonograph.""Bring good opera disks.""Bring Caruso.""Don't bring Caruso. He bellows.""Don't you wish you could bellow like him?""He bellows. I say he bellows!""I would like you to go to Abruzzi," the priest said. The others wereshouting. "There is good hunting. You would like the people and though it iscold it is clear and dry. You could stay with my family. My fatheris a famoushunter.""Come on," said the captain. "We go whorehouse before it shuts.""Good-night," I said to the priest "Good-night," he said3 When I came back to the front we still lived in that town. There were manymore guns in the country around and the spring had come. The fields weregreen and there were small green shoots on the vines, the trees along the roadhad small leaves and a breeze came from the sea. I saw the town with the hilland the old castle above it in a cup in the hills with the mountains beyond,brown mountains with a little green on their slopes. In the town there weremore guns, there were some new hospitals, you met British men and sometimes women, on the street, and a few more houses had been hit by shellfire. Jt was warm and like the spring and I walked down the alleyway of trees,warmed from the sun on the wall, and found we still lived in the same houseand that it all looked the same as when I had left it. The door was open, therewas a soldier sitting on a bench outside in the sun, an ambulance wasby the side door and inside the door, as I went in, there was the smell of marblefloors and hospital. It was all as I had left it except that now it was spring. Ilooked in the door of the big room and saw the major sitting at his desk, thewindow open and the sunlight coming into the room. He did not see me and Idid not know whether to go in and report or go upstairs first and clean up. Idecided to go on upstairs The room I shared with the lieutenant Rinaldi looked out on the courtyardThe window was open, my bed was made up with blankets and my thingshung on the wall, the gas mask in an oblong tin can, the steel helmet on thesame peg. At the foot of the bed was my flat trunk, and my winter boots, theleather shiny with oil, were on the trunk. My Austrian sniper's rifle with its bluedoctagon barrel and the lovely dark walnut, cheek-fitted, schutzen stock, hungover the two beds. The telescope that fitted it was, I remembered, locked in thetrunk. The lieutenant, Rinaldi, lay asleep on the other bed. He wokeheard me in the room and sat up "Ciaou!" he said. "What kind of time did you have?""Magnificent."We shook hands and he put his arm around my neck and kissed me "Oughf," I said "You're dirty," he said. "You ought to wash. Where did you go and what didyou do? Tell me everything at once.""I went everywhere. Milan, Florence, Rome, Naples, Villa San Giovanni,Messina, Taormina--""You talk like a time-table. Did you have any beautiful adventures?""Yes.""Where?""Milano, Firenze, Roma, Napoli--""That's enough. Tell me really what was the best.""In Milano.""That was because it was first. Where did you meet her? In the CovaWhere did you go? How did you feel? Tell me everything at once. Did you stayall night?""Yes.""That's nothing. Here now we have beautiful girls. New girls never been tothe front before.""Wonderful.""You don't believe me? We will go now this afternoon and see. And in thetown we have beautiful English girls. I am now in love with Miss Barkley. I willtake you to call. I will probably marry Miss Barkley.""I have to get washed and report. Doesn't anybody work now?""Since you are gone we have nothing but frostbites, chilblains, jaundice,gonorrhea, self-inflicted wounds, pneumonia and hard and soft chancresEvery week some one gets wounded by rock fragments. There are a few realwounded. Next week the war starts again. Perhaps it start again. They say soDo you think I would do right to marry Miss Barkley--after the war of course?""Absolutely," I said and poured the basin full of water "To-night you will tell me everything," said Rinaldi. "Now I must go back tosleep to be fresh and beautiful for Miss Barkley."I took off my tunic and shirt and washed in the cold water in the basinWhile I rubbed myself with a towel I looked around the room and out the。

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