考点跟踪突破1

考点跟踪突破38完形填空(一)(一)(2014，阜新)One day a woman got into her car and started driving home after work.Suddenly，she saw a yellow car behind __1__．The driver was a man.When she turned __2__，the yellow car turned left.When she turned right，the yellow car turned right，__3__．When she stopped at the traffic lights，the yellow car stopped __4__ her.The woman was __5__，so she drove quickly to the police station.She was very surprised when she found the car __6__ behind her.At that time，a young man was standing outside thepolice station.The woman was very happy to see him.She knew that he was a policeman __7__he was wearing a police uniform.She jumped out of her car and ran to thepoliceman.She asked him __8__ the man in the yellow car，so the policeman walked to theman.The man didn't try to run __9__ when he saw the policeman.He just smiled and said to the __10__，“I want to give this purse back to you，madam.I think you dropped it on thestreet.”(A)1.A.her B．she C．him D．he(B)2.A.right B．left C．back D．around(C)3.A.either B．neither C．too D．also(D)4.A.in B．on C．to D．behind(A)5.A.afraid B．happy C．sad D．relaxed(C)6.A.stops B．to stopC．stopped D．has stopped(D)7.A.before B．after C．when D．because(A)8.A.to catch B．catching C．caught D．catch(B)9.A.up B．away C．after D．down(D)10.A.policeman B．manC．young man D．woman(二)(2014，重庆)“Who would you like to change your life with if possible？”Last week，we asked many middle school students this question.The following are some of their __11__．Zhang Yike，12I want to change my life with my friend，Wang Xiaohui.She is studying in England now.She has __12__ to many countries，such as the US and France.They are the places I wish to visit.What's more，she __13__ much better English than me.If I change my life with her，I can visit many beautiful countries，eat delicious __14__ and meet different kinds of people there.Qiu Haoran，14I'd like to change my life with my Chinese teacher Miss Zhao.Miss Zhao is a very kindlady.She __15__ a lot，so she always has so many __16__ stories to tell us.We all like her classes.I also want to be such an excellent teacher and be __17__ with my students.Tan Bo，13I will change my life with my elder brother.My brother is a college student now.He doesn't have to go to class all the time.He can study __18__ he is interested in.And he even has apart-time job to make money.To __19__，all of these sound very interesting.I really want a life__20__ that.(A)11.A.answers B．problemsC．questions D．changes(C)12.A.gone B．come C．been D．moved(B)13.A.says B．speaks C．talks D．tells(C)14.A.drink B．air C．food D．water(B)15.A.teaches B．knows C．thinks D．asks(D)16.A.long B．shortC．terrible D．interesting(C)17.A.busy B．angry C．popular D．serious(D)18.A.that B．which C．who D．what(A)19.A.me B．him C．you D．them(D)20.A.at B．on C．for D．like(三)(2014，安徽)Once there lived a farmer called Henry.He had a brother，Mike，in town who was an excellentgardener. His skill and his beautiful trees were __21__ everywhere.One day，Henry went to town to visit Mike.“Look，my brother，”said Mike，“Here is thebest __22__ tree from my garden.Take it home and __23__ it so that you，and your children，andyour children's children can enjoy it.”Henry was __24__ with the apple tree and went back home.The next morning，he began to __25__ where he should plant it.“If I plant it on the hill，”said he to himself，“the wind might catch it and __26__ down the fruit; If I plant it close to the road，people who pass by will pick some of them; But if I plant it...”__27__ he planted the tree in the corner behind his house，where no one else could notice it.But the tree bore (结出) no fruit the first year，nor the second.Then Henry sent for his brother and said to him __28__，“You have cheated me.This is the third year and it bring me __29__ but leaves.”When Mike saw where the tree was planted，he laughed and said，“You have planted the tree in such a cold corner without __30__ or warmth.How，then，could you expect flowers andfruit？”(B)21.A.simple B．famous C．similar D．common(C)22.A.pear B．grape C．apple D．banana(D)23.A.sell B．wash C．hide D．plant(C)24.A.tired B．patient C．pleased D．popular(B)25.A.learn B．wonder C．realize D．understand(D)26.A.put B．cut C．push D．shake(A)27.A.Finally B．Firstly C．Luckily D．Certainly(B)28.A.happily B．angrily C．kindly D．carelessly(A)29.A.nothing B．somethingC．everything D．anything(D)30.A.air B．earth C．water D．sunlight(四)(2014，陕西)When I was about six years old，my brother David and I visited our aunt，Mary.We stayed in her house for a night.David was only 4 years old，and was still __31__ of the dark，so Mary left the hall light on when we slept.However，David __32__ the grey moths (蛾) flying around the hall light.He asked Mary to make the moths go away.When she asked __33__，he simply said，“Because they are uglyand scary.I don't like them.”Mary laughed and said，“Being ugly outside doesn't __34__ not being beautiful inside.In fact，moths are one of the most beautiful animals in the animalworld.”“Once，the angels (天使)were __35__．They were sad because it was raining heavily.The __36__ little moths hated to see others so sad.They decided to make a rainbow (彩虹) to cheer up the angels.They thought if the butterflies (蝴蝶)__37__，they could makea beautiful rainbow together.”“Then one of the moths went to ask the butterflies for help.But the butterflies didn't want to __38__ any of their colors，so the moths decided to make a rainbow themselves.Theybeat their wings very hard and the colors on them made a rainbow.They kept giving a little more and a little more __39__ the rainbow went across the sky.They had given away all theircolors except grey，which didn't match the beautiful rainbow.”“Then the once­colorful moths became __40__．The angels saw the rainbow and smiled...”My brother went to sleep with that story and hasn't feared moths since then.(A)31.A.afraid B．sure C．proud D．happy(B)32.A.liked B．hated C．let D．killed(D)33.A.how B．what C．when D．why(A)34.A.mean B．make C．know D．hope(C)ughing B．playing C．crying D．talking(A)36.A.kind B．angry C．ugly D．sad(C)37.A.refused B．advised C．helped D．left(A)38.A.give up B．pick up C．turn up D．look up(B)39.A.unless B．until C．after D．since(D)40.A.red B．yellow C．green D．grey(五)(2014，武汉)There is an old English saying，“Laughter is the best medicine.”One person whocertainly would have agreed with this is Norman Cousins.Norman Cousins was the editor of a magazine called Saturday Review for almost forty years.He also __41__ and spoke about world peace and anti-war issues (反战议题)，traveling to many different countries to share his __42__．In the 1960s，after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Europe，Mr.Cousins got __43__．He discovered he had a strange disease that caused great pain in his bones (骨头)．In less than a week after he got back，he could not __44__ it.Every move that he madewas painful.He was not able to __45__ at night.The doctors told Mr.Cousins that they didnot know how to cure(治疗) his problem and he might never __46__ the illness.Mr.Cousins，however，refused to give up hope.Mr.Cousins thought that the illness could be caused by __47__thoughts.He did not want to take __48__ to cure himself.Instead，he felt that happy thoughts or laughter mightcure his illness.He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching comedy shows on television.Mr.Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of __49__ laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.Deciding that the __50__ could not help him，Mr.Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __51__his experiments with laughter.For eight days，Mr.Cousins __52__ in the hotel room watching comedy shows on television，reading amusing books，and sleeping whenever he felt __53__．Within three weeks，he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __54__．After a few months，Mr.Cousins was __55__to carry on his work.He had laughedhimself back to health.(C)ughed B．taught C．wrote D．copied(D)42.A.magazines B．subjectsC．photos D．ideas(B)43.A.rich B．sick C．lonely D．famous(A)44.A.stand B．realize C．face D．improve(D)45.A.dream B．eat C．shout D．sleep(C)46.A.go through B．look afterC．get over D．find out(A)47.A.unhappy B．pleasant C．silly D．clever(C)48.A.food B．time C．medicine D．money(C)49.A.unusual B．false C．real D．wild(D)50.A.friends B．laughterC．experiment D．doctors(C)51.A.begin B．end C．continue D．report(A)52.A.rested B．worked C．studied D．played(B)53.A.well B．tired C．afraid D．worried(B)54.A.help B．exercise C．freedom D．fun(A)55.A.able B．safe C．lazyD.uncertain。

考点跟踪突破——梳理故事情节，归纳小说主旨(一）(2016·南京）阅读下面文章，回答问题。

车夫老马老舍正说到热闹中间，门忽然开了，进来一阵冷气。

车夫们几乎都怒目地往外看，看谁这么不得人心，把门推开。

门外的人进来了，也是个拉车的。

看样子已有五十多岁，穿着件短不够短、长不够长的棉袄.两个耳朵冻得通红，红得像要落下来的果子；眉上、短须上都挂着些冰珠。

一进来,摸住条板凳便坐下了，挣扎着说了句:“沏一壶。

”茶还没有沏来,老车夫的头慢慢地往下低，低着低着，全身都出溜下去。

大家马上都立了起来：“怎啦?怎啦？”说着，都想往前跑。

“别动！”茶馆掌柜的有经验，拦住了大家。

他独自过去，把老车夫的脖领解开，就地扶起来，用把椅子戗（qiànɡ,支撑）在背后，用手勒着双肩：“白糖水，快！”糖水刚放在老车夫的嘴边上,他哼哼了两声.“喝点水！”掌柜的对着他耳朵说。

“啊？”老车夫睁开了眼，看见自己是坐在地上，腿蜷了蜷，想立起来。

“先喝点水，不用忙。

"掌柜的说.大家几乎都跑了过来.“哎！哎！”老车夫向四围看了一眼,双手捧定了茶碗，一口口地吸糖水。

慢慢地把糖水喝完,他又看了大家一眼:“哎,劳诸位的驾！”说得非常的温柔亲切，绝不像是由那个胡子拉碴的口中说出来的。

说完，他又想往起立，过去三四个人忙着往起搀他.他脸上有了点笑意，又那么温和地说：“行，行，不碍！我是又冷又饿,一阵儿发晕！不要紧，不要紧!劳诸位哥儿们的驾!”这时候，老者的干草似的灰发，脸上的泥,炭条似的手,那个破帽头与棉袄,都像发着点纯洁的光，如同破庙里的神像似的，虽然破碎，依然尊严.大家看着他，仿佛唯恐他走了。

听到老车夫说肚子里空,祥子猛地跑出去,飞也似的又跑回来,手里用块白菜叶儿托着十个羊肉馅的包子，一直送到老者的眼前，说了声：“吃吧！"“哎!”老者像是乐,又像是哭，向大家点着头.“到底是哥儿们哪！拉座儿，给他卖多大的力气，临完多要一个子儿都怪难的！”说着,他立了起来，要往外走。

考点跟踪突破七年级语文下册字词闯关第一单元第一单元1．给下列加点字注音。

菜畦．(qí)桑椹．(shân)油蛉．(línɡ)缠络．．(chán luî) 斑蝥．(máo) 拥．肿(yōnɡ)脑髓．(suǐ) 珊瑚．．(shān hú) 竹筛．(shāi)秕．谷(bǐ) 书塾．(shú) 倜傥．．(tìtǎnɡ)衣襟．(jīn)掸．子(dǎn)扳．(pān)肿胀．(zhànɡ) 栅．栏(zhà) 隶．(lì)恐惧．(jù) 花圃．(pǔ) 邑．(yì)讪．笑(shàn)丑陋．(lòu)木屐．(jī)冰雹．(báo) 沮．丧(jǔ) 骊．歌(lí)飕．飕(sōu) 啄．食(zhuï) 忧郁．(yù)瞬．息(shùn) 萋．萋(qī) 嫉．妒(jí)抽屉．．(chōu ti) 徘徊．(huái) 称．前时之闻(chân)2．根据拼音写汉字。

宿rú儒人迹hǎn罕至dǐnɡ鼎沸蝉tuì蜕kuī盔甲锡bó箔确záo凿lánɡ廊檐玉zān簪花pú蒲公英叮zhǔ嘱bó博学jí嫉妒hài骇人听闻花pǔ圃zhǎo沼泽泥nìng泞bèng迸出mí弥漫zhù伫立环yè谒mǐn泯然来势xiōnɡ xiōnɡ汹汹3．找出错别字并改正。

长呤吟轻睫捷栅瑚珊进退惟谷维监赏鉴渊搏博晃惚恍大沏大悟彻排徊徘静菽寂杭奋亢语无轮次伦肿张胀郝然赫筒陋简嘎然而止戛。

2022年中考地理总复习考点跟踪突破：专题一地理图表与地理计算选择题组读下列四幅经纬网图，完成下面小题。

【小题1】对①②③④四地位置的判断正确的是A. ①地位于北半球、西半球B. ②地位于③地的东北方向C. ④地位于南半球、东半球D. ①地位于④地的正东方向【小题2】对①②③④四地的判读不正确的是A. ①地位于中纬度地区B. ②地有阳光直射现象C. ③地有极昼极夜现象D. ④地全年昼夜平分【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【解析】【小题1】读图可知，①②③④四地的经纬度分别是（35°N，121°E）、（17°N，124°W）、（75°S，124°W）、（35°S，130°E）；南北半球与南北纬度的分界线是赤道，以北为北半球（北纬），以南为南半球（南纬）；东西半球的分界线是20°W和160°E组成的经线圈，20°W以东、160°E以西为东半球，20°W以西、160°E以东为西半球。

根据马略卡岛所处的经纬度，可判断，其位于赤道以北为北半球，位于20°W以东、160°E以西为东半球，①地位于北半球、东半球；④地位于南半球、东半球。

根据在经纬网地图上，纬线指示东西方向，经线指示南北方向，把①②③④四地画在同一个坐标系内，可以判断，②地位于③地的正北方向；①地位于④地的西北方向。

【小题2】23.5°的纬线是热带和温带的分界线；热带有阳光直射现象；温带四季变化明显；66.5°的纬线是寒带和温带的分界线；寒带有极昼极夜现象；赤道上全年昼夜平分；30°的纬线是中纬度和低纬度的分界线；60°的纬线是中纬度和高纬度的分界线。

①②③④四地的纬度分别是35°N，、17°N、75°S、35°S，可以判断出①地位于中纬度地区，②地有阳光直射现象，③地有极昼极夜现象，都是正确的；④地纬度不是0°的纬线，全年昼夜平分，不正确，但是备选答案。

考点跟踪突破1七年级上册Units 1－5Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．The phonetic transcription of the word “paint” is __B__．(2014，杭州)A．/pent/ B．/peint/ C．/paint/ D．/pænt/2．I have __B__ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.(2014，重庆)A．a B．an C．the D．/3．—Oh，a nice photo！Is this your uncle's child?—Yes，it is my __A__．(2014，陕西)A．cousin B．sister C．brother D．daughter4．Meimei is a beautiful girl __D__ big eyes and dark hair.(2014，济宁)A．in B．on C．at D．with5．—Is that red bag yours？(2014，威海)—No，it isn't.__D__ is that black one.A．Your B．I C．My D．Mine6．Our teacher often asks us __B__ questions in groups.(2013，北京)A．discuss B．to discussC．discussing D．discussed7．My sister __C__ her cat yesterday，but she didn't ________ it.(2013，巴中)A．found；look for B．looked；foundC．looked for；find D．found；looked8．It is __B__ for me to follow the Australian guests because I am good at English.(2014，安徽)A．bad B．easy C．hard D．right9．Da Shan is __C__ at Chinese.He can speak Chinese very ________．(2014，铜仁)A．good；good B．well；wellC．good；well D．well；good10．—Let's go out for a picnic on Sunday.—__A__ (2014，泸州)A．Good idea. B．Here you are.C．Nice to meet you. D．Don't worry about it.Ⅱ.完形填空。

考点跟踪突破40阅读理解(一)训练一(一)(2014，沈阳)“On a spring night，we offer book lovers a desk and a light.You can stay here as long as youwant to.”This is the slogan (宣传语) of Sanlian Taofen Bookstore in Beijing.Earlier this month，Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in the city.It hopes to encourage more people to read books.Bookstores are the brain of a city.Although many people can now buy books online，many readers still like the feeling in bookstores.They can touch the books and smell the print.In China，most cities are home to at least one bookstore.Some have special themes (主题)．Popular Holdings (大众书局) in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore.There are film books and posters (海报) inside.Other bookstores have colourful activities.Eslite Bookstore (诚品书店) in Taiwan has activities like talks with famous writers as well as holding gallery shows (画展)．People come here not only for reading but also to communicate with others.1．The best title (标题) to explain the main idea of the text is “__B__”．A．Buying Books in BookstoresB．Warm Places for ReadingC．A New Bookstore in ChinaD．Great Bookstores Online2．What's special about Sanlian Taofen Bookstore in Beijing？__C__A．It allows readers to stay there only at night.B．It offers readers a desk and a light.C．It is the first 24-hour bookstore in the city.D．It hopes book lovers will read there.3．Which of the following can best describe people's feeling in bookstores？__B__A．Becoming the brain of the city.B．Touching the books and smelling the print.C．Staying inside as long as possible.D．Buying books online with enjoyment.4．Popular Holdings in Shanghai is one of the bookstores with __D__．A．a small gallery B．colourful activitiesC．a special slogan D．a special theme5．People come to Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan for __A__．A．reading and communicatingB．buying film books and postersC．encouraging themselves to readD．getting ready to be famous writers(二)(2014，丹东)Betty and I are best friends.Our birthdays are on the same day，so every year we have a birthday party together.But this year we had a costume party instead.While we were writing the invitations，my mom came in and asked，“Nancy，what about inviting John？”John had been in our class for only a few months，but he was already getting better grades in math than anyone else in our class.“Mom，he wears the same pants to school every day.How could he even afford a costume？” Mom said nothing.The next day，mom gave me an envelope (信封) with a shopping card in it.“I thought it would be nice for you to give this to John.”Mom said.But how？We didn't want to make John embarrassed.We discussed it for a long time.Finally，Betty and I had a good idea.On the day of our party，John arrived，in an old sheet (床单)，but still in the same brown pants as usual.Before eating the birthday cake，Betty said in a loud voice，“Now it'stime for the great prize game.”It was a math game.None of us were surprised when John gave the right answer first and walked off with the envelope.Everything went well as we planned.John wore a new pair of pants and a new shirt the next week.He felt happy.So did we.6．Nancy and Betty are __A__．A．best friends B．cousinsC．sisters D．brother and sister7．John did best in __C__ of all the class.A．English B．games C．math D．science8．__D__ had the idea of playing a math game.A．Nancy's mother B．NancyC．Betty D．Betty and Nancy9．John got __B__ as the prize for the math game.A．an envelope B．a shopping cardC．a birthday cake D．a new pair of pants10．Betty，Nancy and John all felt __A__ in the end.A．happy B．embarrassedC．surprised D．sad(三)(2014，云南)Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new house in Arizona.Hemoved there a few years ago，and I wanted very much to see his new place and meet hisfriends.In my earliest memories my father was a tall，handsome and successful man.He loved his work and family，but was uncomfortable with his children.As a child I loved him；as aschool girl and young adult I was afraid of him.He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight_A's in my study and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as“successful” as he was.Whenever I went out with him on weekends，I used to try hard tothink up things to say to protect myself.On the first day of my visit，we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch.We walked along that afternoon，did some shopping，ate on the street table，and laughed overmy son's funny talks.My father's critical (挑剔的) air and strict rules were gone.He seemed so friendly and interesting to be with us.The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me many stories about his own childhood.Although our times together became easier over the years，I never felt closer to him at that moment.After so many years，I'm at last seeing another side of my father.And in so doing，I'm happy with my_new_friend．My dad，in this new home in Arizona，is back to me from where he was.11．The father was unhappy with the writer because __B__．A．he didn't like herB．he expected too much of herC．she had a boyfriendD．she was uncomfortable12．The underlined words straight_A's in Paragraph 2 mean __A__ in Chinese.A．全优B．及格C．中等D．不合格13．When the writer went out with his father for a walk on weekends she felt __D__．A．tired B．happy C．satisfied D．nervous14．What does the writer think of her father after visiting him in Arizona__C__A．Strict and hard­working.B．More critical.C．Friendly and interesting.D．More successful.15．When the writer says “my new friend”in the last paragraph，she is talking about__B__．A．her son B．her fatherC．her boyfriend D．her father's friend(四)(2014，呼和浩特)I loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it when mother sat doing letters.Looking at the ink bottle，pens and white paper，I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later，during her final illness，mother kept different things for my sister and brother，“But the desk，”she said again，“is for Elizabeth.”I never saw her get angry，and never saw her cry.I knew she loved me，and she showed it in action.But as a young girl，I wanted heart­to­heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened and a gulf opened between us.I was “too emotional (易动感情的)”，but she lived “on the surface”．As years went by and I had my own family.I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way that she did forgive (原谅) me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.It didn't come.It seemed that nothing happened.I couldn't be sure that the letter had even got to her.I only knew that I had written it，and I could stop trying to make her into someone shewas not.Now the present of her desk told me that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work，though she had never been able to.I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside...a photo of my father and a one-paper letter.Folded (折叠) and refolded many times.Give me an answer，my letter asks，in any way you choose.Mother，you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.16．The writer began to love her mother's desk __B__．A．after mother diedB．when she was a childC．before she became a writerD．when mother gave it to her17．The passage shows that mother __B__．A．was too serious about everything her daughter had doneB．was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterC．cared much about her daughter in wordsD．wrote to her daughter in careful words18．The word “gulf”in the 4th paragraph means __D__．A．deep understanding between the old and the youngB．part of the sea going far in landC．free talks between mother and daughterD．different ideas between mother and daughter19．What did mother do with her daughter's letter asking for forgiveness__A__ A．She read the letter again and again till she died.B．For years，she often talked about the letter.C．She didn't forgive her daughter at all in her life.D．She had never received the letter.20．What's the best title of the passage__C__A．My Letter to MotherB．Mother and ChildrenC．My Mother's DeskD．Talks Between Mother and Me训练二(一)(2014，锦州)1.How many boys are there in the form？__B__A．One.B．Two.C．Three. D．None.2．How old is Chen Lanxuan？__C__A．12. B．13.C．14. D．We don't know.3．Which of the following traditional arts isn't mentioned？__C__ A．Peking Opera. B．Chinese paper-cutting.C．Chinese painting. D．Errenzhuan.4．Which traditional art does Pan Jiachen like best？__A__ A．Clay figurines. B．Beijing food.C．Peking Opera. D．Chinese paper­cutting.5．Where do you think Sun Lin's hometown is？__B__A．Chengdu. B．Changchun.C．Wuhan. D．Xi'an.(二)(2014，孝感)An unhappy horse went to see the God，“My God！Thanks for making me but I want tobe beautiful.”The God was very surprised.“You are already beautiful.”“No，I am not beautiful enough.”The horse lowered her head.“I don't know how to make you more beautiful.”The God wondered.“Tell me what you want to be like.”The horse raised her voice.“If you can make my neck a little longer，my upper body will be more beautiful.And if you can make my legs much thinner，then I will look more beautiful in my lower body.”Then the God made a camel appear in_place_of the horse.“Oh，God，I want to become more beautiful.Am I more beautiful now？”asked the horse anxiously.The God got angry，“This is what you asked for.Y ou have become a camel.”The horse cried，“Oh，no，I don't want to be a camel.”The God said，“Never try to get more than I have given you.If you want more and more，you'll have no idea what the result will be.”6．The unhappy horse went to see the God to __B__．A．thank the God B．ask for a nicer lookC．want to be thin D．want to be short7．The horse wanted to have __C__．A．a short body and long legsB．a strong body and a short neckC．a long neck and thin legsD．a long neck and strong feet8．The underlined phrase “in place of”here means “__A__”．A．instead of B．such asC．the same as D．as for9．The horse thought that __D__．A．she should be tallerB．it was a good idea to be a camelC．she became more beautifulD．a camel was less beautiful than a horse10．In the passage，the writer wants to tell us __B__．A．not to be beautifulB．not to want more and moreC．to be more beautifulD．not to ask someone for help(三)(2014，黔西南)Many of us don't pay attention to the importance of eye care.It's said that if you take care of your body，then you can be healthy.That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care.Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food，gene (基因) and aging (年龄增长)．Televisions，computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight.If you happen to work in front of the computer，it is best to take a rest every once in a while.Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable.It is badfor your eyes，too.If this happens，the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water.You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful thing.For example，sunglasses arenot just fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV_rays．Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight.Remember that vitamins (维生素) A、C and E are good for eyes.Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins.And you should do eyeexercises because exercise protects your eyesight，too.If a person exercises regularly (规律地) and eats the right kind of food，his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time.All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes.Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person's eyesight，too.In a word，eye care is very important，no matter how old a person is.11．__A__ is the most important way to protect our eyes.A．Natural eye careB．Taking medicineC．Seeing the doctorD．Being happy all the time12．All the following causes can lead to bad eyesight except __B__．A．age B．heightC．reading D．computer13．What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer__D__A．Eat healthy foods.B．Clean the eyes by using cold water.C．Wear a pair of sunglasses.D．Have a rest after working for a while.14．What do the underlined words “UV_rays” mean?_C_A．沙土B．闪电C．紫外线D．超声波15．Which is the best title of the passage？__A__A．Ways of Eye CareB．Ways of Eye ExercisesC．Way of Being HappyD．Way of Being Healthy(四)(2014，广州)In early November of 1503，during Christopher Columbus' fourth and final trip America，hisship was seriously damaged in a storm.Columbus and his men had to live on a small island for several months while they tried to repair their ship and return to Spain.At first，the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors，giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive.However，as the months passed，the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests，who were tricking and stealing from them.Finally the locals decided to stop helping.Without food or any way to leave the island，Columbus' group was soon in serious trouble.Luckily for Columbus，he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship.It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky.The book，written by a well­known German scientist，said there would be a total lunar eclipse (月食) on the evening of February 29，1504 andhow long it would last.Columbus worked out the difference in time between Germany and North America.He then had a meeting with the local leaders just before the eclipse would take place.In this meeting，Columbus told them his god was angry because the local people were no longer giving food.So his god would take away the moon to punish them.At the moment Columbus finished talking，just as he had planned，the moon began disappearing.The local leaders grew frightened and quickly agreed to provide Columbus with food and anything else he wanted.But first，Columbus' god had to return the moon.Columbus told them hewould have to discuss the idea with his god on his ship.Knowing the moon would stay completely hidden for about 48 minutes，Columbus returned just before the moon began to reappear.From that day on，until they finally left，Columbus and his men no longer had any trouble getting the food they needed.16．At first，the local people helped Columbus and his men by __A__．A．giving them foodB．building a house for themC．repairing their shipD．providing them with a book17．The local people became angry because the Europeans __C__．A．looked very differentB．had nothing to tradeC．were cheats and thievesD．wanted to take their land18．Where did Columbus learn about the lunar eclipse？__A__A．From a book. B．From the moon.C．From his group. D．From the locals.19．What did Columbus do after returning to his ship on the night of the meeting？__B__A．He discussed the problem with his god.B．He waited for the eclipse to finish.C．He read about the stars and planets.D．He told his men what happened.20．What can we learn about the Europeans from the passage？__D__A．They all believed in god. B．They never returned to Spain. C．They admired the local people. D．They caused their own problems.。

第六章圆第一节圆的基本性质基础过关1．(2019·柳州)如图，A，B，C，D是⊙O上的点，则图中与∠A相等的角是(D)A．∠B B．∠C C．∠DEB D．∠D第1题图第2题图2．(2019·黄冈)如图，一条公路的转弯处是一段圆弧AB，点O是这段弧所在圆的圆心，AB＝40 m，点C是AB的中点，且CD＝10 m，则这段弯路所在圆的半径为(A) A．25 m B．24 m C．30 m D．60 m3．(2019·滨州)如图，AB为⊙O的直径，C，D为⊙O上两点，若∠BCD＝40°，则∠ABD的大小为(B)A．60°B．50°C．40°D．20°第3题图第4题图4．(2019·镇江)如图，四边形ABCD是半圆的内接四边形，AB是直径，DC＝CB .若∠C＝110°，则∠ABC的度数等于(A)A．55°B．60°C．65°D．70°5．(2019·宜昌)如图，点A，B，C均在⊙O上，当∠OBC＝40°时，∠A的度数是(A)A ．50°B ．55°C ．60°D ．65°第5题图第6题图6．(2019·安顺)如图，半径为3的⊙A 经过原点O 和点C(0，2)，B 是y 轴左侧⊙A 优弧上一点，则tan ∠OBC 为(D)A ．13B ．2 2C ．223D ．247．如图，点A 、B 、C 、D 、E 在⊙O 上，且AB 为50°，则∠E ＋∠C ＝__155__°.第7题图第8题图8．如图，A ，B ，C ，D 是⊙O 上的四点，且点B 是AC 的中点，BD 交OC 于点E ，∠AOC ＝100°，∠OCD ＝35°，那么∠OED ＝__60°__．9．如图，⊙O 是△ABC 的外接圆，∠A ＝45°，则cos ∠OCB 的值是2__．第9题图第11题图10．(2019·陕西)若正六边形的边长为3，则其较长的一条对角线长为__6__．11．如图，⊙O的弦AB、CD相交于点E，若AE∶DE＝3∶5，则AC∶BD＝__3∶5__．12．(2018·烟台)如图，方格纸上每个小正方形的边长均为1个单位长度，点O，A，B，C在格点(两条网格线的交点叫格点)上，以点O为原点建立直角坐标系，则过A，B，C三点的圆的圆心坐标为__(－1，－2)__．13．(2018·玉林)小华为了求出一个圆盘的半径，他用所学的知识，将一宽度为2 cm的刻度尺的一边与圆盘相切，另一边与圆盘边缘两个交点处的读数分别是“4”和“16”(单位：cm)，请你帮小华算出圆盘的半径是__10__cm.14．(2018·呼和浩特)同一个圆的内接正方形和正三角形的边心距的比为．15．(2019·南京)如图，⊙O的弦AB、CD的延长线相交于点P，且AB＝CD.求证：PA＝PC.证明：连接AC，∵AB＝CD，∴AB＝CD，∴AB＋BD＝BD＋CD，即AD＝CB，∴∠C＝∠A，∴PA＝PC.满分冲刺16．(2019·梧州)如图，在半径为13 的⊙O 中，弦AB 与CD 交于点E ，∠DEB ＝75°，AB ＝6，AE ＝1，则CD 的长是(C)A ．2 6B ．210C ．211D ．4 3第16题图第17题图17．(2019·安徽)如图，△ABC 内接于⊙O ，∠CAB ＝30°，∠CBA ＝45°，CD ⊥AB于点D ，若⊙O 的半径为2，则CD 的长为．18．(2019·嘉兴)如图，在⊙O 中，弦AB ＝1，点C 在AB 上移动，连接OC ，过点C 作CD ⊥OC 交⊙O 于点D ，则CD 的最大值为__12__．19．(2019·苏州)如图，AB 为⊙O 的直径，D 是BC 的中点，BC 与AD ，OD 分别交于点E ，F.(1)求证：DO ∥AC ； (2)求证：DE·DA ＝DC 2；(3)若tan ∠CAD ＝12，求sin ∠CDA 的值．(1)证明：∵D 是BC 的中点，∴CD ＝DB ，∴∠CAD ＝∠BAD ，∴∠CAB ＝2∠BAD.在⊙O 中，∠DOB ＝2∠BAD.∴∠CAB ＝∠DOB.∴DO ∥AC.(2)证明：∵点D 是BC 的中点，∴CD ＝BD ，∴∠CAD ＝∠DCB ，∴△DCE ∽△DAC ，∴CD 2＝DE·DA ；(3)解：连接BD ，∵AB 为⊙O 的直径，C 为⊙O 上一点，∴∠ACB ＝90°，∵DO ∥AC ，∴∠OFB ＝∠ACB ＝90°，∴∠BFD ＝90°.∵∠CAD ＝∠CBD(同弧所对的圆周角相等).∴tan ∠CBD ＝tan ∠CAD ＝12 ，∴DF BF ＝12 .设DF ＝k(k ＞0)，则BF ＝2k ，设OB ＝OD＝r ，则OF ＝OD －DF ＝r －k.在Rt △BOF 中，有OF 2＋BF 2＝OB 2.即(r －k)2＋(2k)2＝r 2，化简得r ＝52 k.∴OF ＝OD －DF ＝r －k ＝32 k ，∴sin ∠CBA ＝OF OB ＝32k 52k ＝35.∵∠CDA ＝∠CBA(同弧所对的圆周角相等)，∴sin ∠CDA ＝sin ∠CBA ＝35.第二节与圆有关的位置关系基础过关1．(2019·广州)平面内，⊙O的半径为1，点P到⊙O的距离为2，过点P可作⊙O的切线条数为(C)A．0条B．1条C．2条D．无数条2．(金昌模拟)如图，点O是∠BAC的边AC上的一点，边AB切⊙O于点D，与线段AO相交于点E，若点P是⊙O上一点，且∠EPD＝34°，则∠BAC的度数为(B) A．20°B．22°C．34°D．68°第2题图第3题图3．(2019·杭州)如图，P为⊙O外一点，PA，PB分别切⊙O于A，B两点，若PA＝3，则PB＝(B)A．2 B．3 C．4 D．54．(2019·福建)如图，PA、PB是⊙O的切线，A、B为切点，点C在⊙O上，且∠ACB＝55°，则∠APB等于(B)A．55°B．70°C．110°D．125°第4题图第5题图5．(2019·嘉兴)如图，已知⊙O 上三点A ，B ，C ，半径OC ＝1，∠ABC ＝30°，切线PA 交OC 的延长线于点P ，则PA 的长为(B)A ．2B ． 3C ． 2D ．126．(2019·台州)如图，等边三角形ABC 的边长为8，以BC 上一点O 为圆心的圆分别与边AB ，AC 相切，则⊙O 的半径为(A)A ．2 3B ．3C ．4D ．4－ 3第6题图第7题图7．(2019·河池)如图，PA ，PB 是⊙O 的切线，A ，B 为切点，∠OAB ＝38°，则∠P ＝__76__°.8．(2019·宿迁)直角三角形的两条直角边分别是5和12，则它的内切圆半径为__2__．9．(2018·连云港)如图，AB 是⊙O 的弦，点C 在过点B 的切线上，且OC ⊥OA ，OC 交AB 于点P ，已知∠OAB ＝22°，则∠OCB ＝__44__°.10．(2019·眉山)如图，在Rt △AOB 中，OA ＝OB ＝4 2 .⊙O 的半径为2，点P 是AB边上的动点，过点P 作⊙O 的一条切线PQ(点Q 为切点)，则线段PQ 长的最小值为．第10题图第11题图11．(2018·山西)如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ACB ＝90°，AC ＝6，BC ＝8，点D 是AB 的中点，以CD 为直径作⊙O ，⊙O 分别与AC ，BC 交于点E ，F ，过点F 作⊙O 的切线FG ，交AB 于点G ，则FG 的长为__125__．12．如图，AB 是⊙O 的直径，点C 在⊙O 上，过点C 的直线与AB 延长线相交于点P.若∠COB ＝2∠PCB ，求证：PC 是⊙O 的切线．证明：连接AC ，∵OA ＝OC ，∴∠A ＝∠ACO ， ∴∠COB ＝2∠ACO ，又∵∠COB ＝2∠PCB ，∴∠ACO ＝∠PCB.∵AB 是⊙O 的直径，∴∠ACO ＋∠OCB ＝90°.∴∠PCB ＋∠OCB ＝90°，即OC ⊥CP.∵OC 是⊙O 的半径，∴PC 是⊙O 的切线．13．如图，在△ABC 中，∠ACB ＝90°，O 是AB 上一点，以OA 为半径的⊙O 与BC 相切于点D ，与AB 交于点E ，连接ED 并延长交AC 的延长线于点F.(1)求证：AE ＝AF ；(2)若DE ＝3，sin ∠BDE ＝13 ，求AC 的长．(1)证明：连接OD.∵OD ＝OE ，∴∠ODE ＝∠OED.∵直线BC 为⊙O 的切线，∴OD ⊥BC.∴∠ODB ＝90°.∵∠ACB ＝90°，∴OD ∥AC.∴∠ODE ＝∠F.∴∠OED ＝∠F.∴AE ＝AF ；(2)解：连接AD.∵AE 是⊙O 的直径，∴∠ADE ＝90°.∵AE ＝AF ，∴DF ＝DE ＝3.∵∠ACB ＝90°.∴∠DAF ＋∠F ＝90°，∠CDF ＋∠F ＝90°，∴∠DAF ＝∠CDF ＝∠BDE.在Rt △ADF 中，DF AF ＝sin ∠DAF ＝sin ∠BDE ＝13 ，∴AF ＝3DF ＝9.在Rt △CDF 中，CF DF ＝sin ∠CDF ＝sin ∠BDE ＝13 ，∴CF ＝13DF ＝1.∴AC ＝AF －CF ＝8.14．(2019·十堰改编)如图，△ABC 中，AB ＝AC ，以AC 为直径的⊙O 交BC 于点D ，点E 为AC 延长线上一点，且∠CDE ＝12∠BAC.(1)判断DE 与⊙O 的位置关系，并说明理由； (2)若AB ＝3BD ，CE ＝2，求⊙O 的半径．解：(1)DE 是⊙O 的切线．理由：如解图，连接OD ，AD ，∵AC 是直径，∴∠ADC ＝90°，∴AD ⊥BC ，∵AB ＝AC ，∴∠CAD ＝∠BAD ＝12 ∠BAC ，∵∠CDE＝12 ∠BAC ，∴∠CDE ＝∠CAD.∵OA ＝OD ，∴∠CAD ＝∠ADO ，∵∠ADO ＋∠ODC ＝90°，∴∠ODC ＋∠CDE ＝90°，∴∠ODE ＝90°，又∵OD 是⊙O 的半径，∴DE 是⊙O 的切线；(2)∵AB ＝AC ，AD ⊥BC ，∴BD ＝CD ，∵AB ＝3BD ，∴AC ＝3DC ，设DC ＝x ，则AC ＝3x ，∴AD ＝AC 2－DC 2 ＝2 2 x.∵∠CDE ＝∠CAD ，∠DEC ＝∠AED ，∴△CDE ∽△DAE ，∴CE DE ＝DC AD ＝DE AE ，即2DE ＝x 22x ＝DE 3x ＋2，∴DE ＝4 2 ，x ＝143 ，∴AC ＝3x ＝14，∴⊙O 的半径为7.满分冲刺15．(2019·菏泽)如图，直线y ＝－34 x －3交x 轴于点A ，交y 轴于点B ，点P 是x 轴上一动点，以点P 为圆心，以1个单位长度为半径作⊙P ，当⊙P 与直线AB 相切时，点P 的坐标是__(－73 ，0)或(－173，0)__．16．(2019·德州)如图，∠BPD ＝120°，点A 、C 分别在射线PB 、PD 上，∠PAC ＝30°，AC ＝2 3 .(1)用尺规在图中作一段劣弧，使得它在A 、C 两点分别与射线PB 和PD 相切；(要求：写出作法，并保留作图痕迹)(2)根据(1)的作法，结合已有条件，请写出已知和求证，并证明； (3)求所得的劣弧与线段PA 、PC 围成的封闭图形的面积．解：(1)如解图；(2)已知：∠BPD ＝120°，点A 、C 分别在射线PB 、PD 上，∠PAC ＝30°，AC ＝2 3 ，过A 、C 分别作PB 、PD 的垂线，它们相交于点O ，以OA 为半径作⊙O ，OA ⊥PB ，OC ⊥PD，求证：PB、PC为⊙O的切线．证明：∵∠BPD＝120°，∠PAC＝30°，∴∠PCA＝30°，∴PA＝PC，连接OP，∵OA⊥PA，PC⊥OC，∴∠PAO＝∠PCO＝90°，∵OP＝OP，∴Rt△PAO≌Rt△PCO(HL)，∴OA＝OC，∴PB、PC为⊙O的切线；(3)∵∠OAC＝∠OCA＝90°－30°＝60°，∴△OAC为等边三角形，∴OA＝AC＝2 3 ，∠AOC＝60°，∵PO平分∠APC，∴∠APO＝60°，∴AP＝33×2 3 ＝2，∴劣弧AC与线段PA、PC围成的封闭图形的面积＝S四边形APCO －S扇形AOC＝2×12×2 3 ×2－60π·（23）2360＝4 3 －2π.第三节与圆有关的计算基础过关1．(2019·长沙)一个扇形的半径为6，圆心角为120°，则该扇形的面积是(C)A．2πB．4πC．12πD．24π2．(2018·黄石)如图，AB是⊙O的直径，点D为⊙O上一点，且∠ABD＝30°，BO＝4，则BD的长为(D)A. 23πB.43πC. 2πD.83π第2题图第4题图3．(2019·湖州)已知圆锥的底面半径为5 cm，母线长为13 cm，则这个圆锥的侧面积是(B)A．60πcm2B．65πcm2C．120πcm2D．130πcm24．(2019·绍兴)如图，△ABC内接于⊙O，∠B＝65°，∠C＝70°.若BC＝2 2 ，则BC的长为(A)A．πB． 2 πC．2πD．2 2 π5．(2019·南充)如图，在半径为6的⊙O中，点A，B，C都在⊙O上，四边形OABC是平行四边形，则图中阴影部分的面积为(A)A．6πB．3 3 πC．2 3 πD．2π第5题图第6题图6．(2019·山西)如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ABC ＝90°，AB ＝2 3 ，BC ＝2，以AB 的中点O 为圆心，OA 的长为半径作半圆交AC 于点D ，则图中阴影部分的面积为(A)A ．534 －π2B ．534 ＋π2C ．2 3 －πD ．4 3 －π27．(2019·天门)75°的圆心角所对的弧长是2.5π cm ，则此弧所在圆的半径是__6__cm . 8．(2019·十堰)如图，AB 为半圆的直径，且AB ＝6，将半圆绕点A 顺时针旋转60°，点B 旋转到点C 的位置，则图中阴影部分的面积为__6π__．第8题图第9题图9．如图，AB 切⊙O 于点B ，OA ＝2 3 ，∠BAO ＝60°，弦BC ∥OA ，则BC 的长为__2π__．(结果保留π)10．(2019·哈尔滨)一个扇形的弧长是11π cm ，半径是18 cm ，则此扇形的圆心角是__110__度．11．(2019·贵阳)如图，用等分圆的方法，在半径为OA 的圆中，画出了如图所示的四叶幸运草，若OA ＝2，则四叶幸运草的周长是．第11题图第13题图12．(2019·无锡)已知圆锥的母线长为5 cm ，侧面积为15π cm 2，则这个圆锥的底面圆半径为__3__cm .13．如图，在矩形ABCD 中，AD ＝2，以点A 为圆心，AD 长为半径画弧，交BC 边于点E ，若E 恰为BC 的中点，则图中阴影部分的面积为2 －23π__．14．(2019·福建)如图，边长为2的正方形ABCD 的中心与半径为2的⊙O 的圆心重合，E ，F 分别是AD ，BA 的延长线与⊙O 的交点，则图中阴影部分的面积为__π－1__．(结果保留π)15．(2019·安顺)如图，沿一条母线将圆锥侧面剪开并展平，得到一个扇形，若圆锥的底面圆的半径r ＝2，扇形的圆心角θ＝120°，则该圆锥母线l 的长为__6__．第15题图第16题图16．(2019·重庆)如图，在菱形ABCD 中，对角线AC ，BD 交于点O ，∠ABC ＝60°，AB ＝2，分别以点A 、点C 为圆心，以AO 的长为半径画弧分别与菱形的边相交，则图中阴影部分的面积为3．(结果保留π)17．(2019·邵阳)如图，在等腰△ABC 中，∠BAC ＝120°，AD 是∠BAC 的角平分线，且AD ＝6，以点A 为圆心，AD 长为半径画弧EF ，交AB 于点E ，交AC 于点F.(1)求图中阴影部分的面积；(2)将阴影部分剪掉，余下扇形AEF ，将扇形AEF 围成一个圆锥的侧面，AE 与AF 正好重合，圆锥侧面无重叠，求这个圆锥的高h.解：(1)∵在等腰△ABC 中，∠BAC ＝120°，∴∠B ＝30°，∵AD 是∠BAC 的角平分线，∴AD ⊥BC ，BD ＝CD ，∴BD ＝ 3 AD ＝6 3 ，∴BC ＝2BD ＝12 3 ，∴S 阴影＝S △ABC －S 扇形EAF ＝12 ×6×123 －120π·62360＝36 3 －12π；(2)设圆锥的底面圆的半径为r ，根据题意得2πr ＝120π·6180 ，解得r ＝2，h ＝62－22＝4 2 .18．(2018·湖州)如图，已知AB 是⊙O 的直径，C ，D 是⊙O 上的点，OC ∥BD ，交AD 于点E ，连接BC.(1)求证：AE ＝ED ；(2)若AB ＝10，∠CBD ＝36°，求AC 的长．(1)证明：∵AB 是⊙O 的直径，∴∠ADB ＝90°，∵OC ∥BD ，∴∠AEO ＝∠ADB ＝90°，即OC ⊥AD ，∴AE ＝ED ；(2)解：∵OC ⊥AD ，∴AC ＝CD ，∴∠ABC ＝∠CBD ＝36°，∴∠AOC ＝2∠ABC ＝2×36°＝72°，∴AC 的长＝72π×5180＝2π.满分冲刺19．(2018·云南)如图，已知AB 是⊙O 的直径，C 是⊙O 上的点，点D 在AB 的延长线上，∠BCD ＝∠BAC.(1)求证：CD 是⊙O 的切线；(2)若∠D ＝30°，BD ＝2，求图中阴影部分的面积．(1)证明：如解图，连接OC，∵OA＝OC，∴∠BAC＝∠OCA，∵∠BCD＝∠BAC，∴∠BCD＝∠OCA，∵AB是直径，∴∠ACB＝90°，∴∠OCA＋∠OCB＝∠BCD＋∠OCB＝90°，∴∠OCD＝90°，∵OC是半径，∴CD是⊙O的切线；(2)解：设⊙O的半径为r，∴AB＝2r，∵∠D＝30°，∠OCD＝90°，∴OD＝2r，∠COB ＝60°，∴r＋2＝2r，∴r＝2，∠AOC＝120°，∴BC＝2，∴由勾股定理可知：AC＝2 3 ，易求S△AOC ＝12×2 3 ×1＝ 3 .S扇形OAC＝120π×4360＝4π3，∴阴影部分面积为43π－3 .。

第十四章考点跟踪突破一、选择题。

1．下列地形区属于第三级阶梯的是( )A．“鱼米之乡”B．“世界屋脊”C．“聚宝盆” D．“天府之国”2．关于秦岭—淮河一线的说法，错误的是( )A．秦岭—淮河一线是我国北方地区与南方地区的分界线B．秦岭—淮河一线是我国一月份0℃等温线C．秦岭—淮河一线是我国年降水量800毫米线D．秦岭—淮河一线是我国干旱区与湿润区的分界线根据各地的地理位置、自然和人文地理特点不同，可以将我国划分为四大地理区域，即北方地区、南方地区、西北地区和青藏地区，据此回答3～4题。

3．四大地理区域中，7月份平均气温最低的是( )A．西北地区 B．南方地区C．北方地区 D．青藏地区4．关于该区域7月份平均气温最低的原因叙述正确的是( )A．海拔高，气温低B．纬度高，气温低C．多阴雨天气，光照不足，气温低D．深居内陆，受海洋影响小，气温低5．北方地区和西北地区的分界线主导因素是( )A．季风因素 B．地形因素C．行政因素 D．经济因素6．我国四大区域中，平均海拔最高的是( )A．北方地区 B．西北地区C．南方地区 D．青藏地区读下图，回答7～9题。

7．①②③④区域与与其他地理特征的连线，错误的是( )A．①——四季有花常见雨B．②——高寒缺氧植被稀C．③——大漠黄沙驼铃响D．④——青稞美酒锅庄舞8．印刷在50元人民币上的景观位于( )A．①地区B．②地区C．③地区D．④地区9．下列界线与图中①②两区域分界线不吻合的是( )A．南方、北方的分界线B．湿润区与半湿润区的分界线C．水田、旱地的分界线D．暖温带与中温带的分界线二、综合题。

10．读“我国四地气温曲线和降水量柱状图”，回答问题。

(1)A地区的气候为夏季________、冬季寒冷干燥的________气候。

(2)B地区的气候特征为高温多雨，其原因主要是纬度________，濒临广阔的________。

(3)C地区与其他地区相比，在降水方面最突出的特征是________，因此，________是制约本地区经济发展的主导因素。

考点跟踪突破15 九年级Units 1－2一、单项选择。

1．—What's the most important morning news on CCTV today?—The Chinese government warned Japan __C__ do harm to China territorial sovereignty (领土主权) again and again.(2018，咸宁)A．to not B．didn't C．not to D．do not2．If you read the article for __C__ second time，you will have ________ better understanding of it.A．a；the B．/；the C．a；a D．/；a3．—How nice the fish tastes！Could you tell me who taught you to cook it?—To be honest，I learnt it __B__ watching TV.I learn to cook many dishes ________ TV.A．by；in B．by；on C．in；on D．in；in4．—Tommy，you can never let others know what I have told you today.—Don't worry.I'll keep the __A__．(2018，丽水)A．secret B．money C．address D．grade5．You have to be __A__ and wait until I finish my work.(2018，江西)A．patient B．strict C．honest D．active6．My grandparents always __A__ a lot of fruits and candies when we visited them.A．lay out B．cut out C．put out D．call out7．—Why not listen to BBC news to improve your listening skills?—It's __A__ difficult for me ________ follow.A．too；to B．so；thatC．such；that D．so；too8．I have some tickets for the basketball match.I wonder __C__．(2018，河北)A．where you buy the ticketsB．why you like to go thereC．if you'd like to come alongD．when you watch the match9．Many fast food restaurants paint their walls red，play loud music and have hard seats __B__ customers eat quickly and leave.(2018，杭州)A．make B．to makeC．made D．making10．—I will have a math test tomorrow.—__A__(2018，莱芜)A．Good luck! B．Thank you!C．Well done! D．The same to you!11．Tom，it's cold outside.__B__ your coat when you go out.(2018，黄石)A．Take off B．Put onC．Put away D．Take away12．—I haven't got a partner __D__．—Maybe you can ask John for help.A．work with B．to workC．working with D．to work with13．—I wonder if I can learn English well.—__C__．All things are difficult before they are easy.A．I am afraid so B．You're slowC．It takes time D．It's a piece of cake二、词汇运用：根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。

2019-2020年中考语文考点复习考点是艮踪突破：说明对象与特征（一）（2016 •包头）阅读下文，完成1—4题。

筷子春秋①我们的祖先何时开始使用筷子，已无可考。

但这两根小玩意，一旦能熟练操纵，使用起来灵巧无比，难怪西方有学者赞扬筷子是古老东方文明的代表。

②筷子在先秦时称为“校”，是木字旁，不是“挟”。

《礼记•曲礼上》提及“羹之有菜者用校”，郑玄的注释是“校，犹箸也”。

司马迁的《史记•宋微子世家》谓“纣始为象箸，箕子叹曰：'彼为象箸，必为玉梧‘。

”说明“箸”的称呼始自商代。

③“箸”变成今天的“筷”，有个说法是与江南沿海的船民有关，因“箸”与“住”同音，对船民而言有不吉利的意思，所以反其意称“箸”为“快儿”。

又因多数“快儿”是用竹子所做，于是在“快”字上加了竹字头，成为“筷子。

虽明代已经有人称“箸”为“快” 或“筷”，但清《康熙字典》仅收录了“箸”而并未收录“筷”。

④《礼记》有所谓“饭黍毋从箸”，先秦时人们吃饭用手抓食，箸只用于夹菜。

从饮食进化推想，原始社会以手抓食可谓自然不过，其后的食器发展为“匕”，曲柄浅斗，很像今天的羹匙•。

今天的“匙”相信是由“匕”发展而来，但总不及用箸夹菜更为方便。

⑤理论上，促成“箸”的诞生，契机应是熟食烫手。

先民发明钻木取火，将食物煮熟后，・・・随手用树枝捞取是合理推测，因为原始人类生活在森林和洞穴，最方便的材料是树枝。

从现在筷子的形体来看，它还带有原始竹木棍棒的特征。

⑥筷子虽是餐具，却又像微型健身器。

有学者指出，用筷子进食时，要牵动人体三十多个关节和五十多条肌肉，有助于刺激神经系统的活动。

⑦筷子不过是小小餐具，却魅力十足，成为文明进步的标志。

法国思想家罗兰•巴特谈到筷子时认为，筷子不像西方餐具刀、叉那样用于切、扎、截，因而“食物不再成为人们暴力之下的猎物，而是和谐传送的物质”。

（作者李阳波，选自2016年5月6日《光明日报》，有删改）1.本文从哪几个方面介绍了有关“筷子”的知识？①“筷子，，一词的由来和演变。

考点跟踪突破七年级语文上册字词闯关第四单元
第四单元
1．给下列加点字注音。

伶仃
．．(líng dīng)卑．微(bēi)挑．逗(tiǎo)
伫．立(zhù) 迸．溅(bèng) 教学相长．(zhǎng)
沉浸．(jìn) 闷．热(mēn) 诱．惑(yîu)
颤．动(chàn) 收敛．(liǎn) 瞬．间(shùn)
2．根据拼音写汉字。

宽shù(恕)lín(嶙)峋chuò(啜)泣
沉diàn(淀) 宗pú(璞) 忍jùn(俊)不禁
yū(迂)回训jiè(诫) lǚ(屡)次
嘉yáo(肴) xiào(学)学半táo(淘)洗
3．下列加点字注音有误的一项是( A )
A．眩．目(xuàn)绽．开(zhàn)
喧．腾(xuān)迸．溅(pèng)
B．瞬．间(shùn) 聒．聒(guō)
啜．泣(chuò) 酒酿．(niàng)
C．痴．想(chī) 训诫．(jiè)
收敛．(Iiǎn) 伫．立(zhù)
D．迂．回(yū) 隐秘．(mì)
响彻．(chè) 佳肴．(yáo)
4．下列词语中没有错别字的一项是( D )
A．闷热颤动头晕目眩峰围蝶阵B．把玩耸立仙露琼桨瘦骨嶙峋C．篷乱峭壁盘虬卧龙一丝不苟D．纳罕精致小心翼翼知知不休。

考点跟踪突破12 断句与翻译一、(2015·泰州)阅读下面的文言语段，回答问题。

自昔词人琢磨之苦，至有一字穷岁月，十年成一赋者。

白乐天诗词，疑皆冲口而成，及见今人所藏遗稿，涂窜甚多。

欧阳文忠公作文既毕，贴之墙壁，坐卧观之，改正尽善，方出以示人。

蘧①尝于文忠公诸孙望之处，得东坡先生数诗稿，其和欧叔弼诗云：“渊明为小邑。

”继圈去“为”字，改作“求”字，又连涂“小邑”二字，作“县令”字，凡三改乃成今句。

至“胡椒铢两多，安用八百斛”，初云“胡椒亦安用，乃贮八百斛”，若如初语，未免后人疵议。

又知虽大手笔，不以一时笔快为定，而惮于屡改也。

(选自《春渚纪闻》) 【注释】①即本文的作者何蘧。

1.解释下列句中加点词的意思。

(1)至有一字穷．岁月穷尽，用尽(2)及．见今人所藏遗稿到，等到(3)欧阳文忠公作文既．毕已经(4)得东坡先生数．诗稿数篇，几篇2．下列各句与例句中“于”的用法相同的一项是( C )例句：蘧尝于文忠公诸孙望之处A．积于今六十岁矣(《捕蛇者说》)B．如使人之所欲莫甚于生(《鱼我所欲也》)C．于厅事之东北角(《口技》)D．何有于我哉(《论语》)3．请根据要求，用“/”标出下面句子的朗读停顿。

(1)疑/皆冲口而成(标在动宾之间)(2)渊明/为小邑(标在主谓之间)4．翻译下列句子。

(1)改正尽善，方出以示人。

(欧阳修)改正得极好后，方才拿出来给人看。

(2)但少闲人如吾两人者耳。

(《记承天寺夜游》)只不过是缺少像我们两个这样的有闲情雅致的人罢了。

5．请你根据选文主要内容为其编写一个文言．．标题：作文不惮屡改。

【解析】本文以白居易、欧阳修、苏轼三大名家为例，说明“好文章是改出来的”，围绕这一中心来添加标题即可)(用原句或自己语言都可)。

二、(2015·邵阳)阅读下面甲、乙两段文字，回答问题。

【甲】董宣，字少平，陈留圉人也。

……后特征为洛阳令。

时湖阳公主苍头白日杀人，因匿主家，吏不能得。

及主出行，而以奴骖乘。

考点跟踪突破1七年级上册Modules 1～5一、词汇运用。

A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。

每词限用一次，每空限填一词。

build，lesson，hospital，health，gi v e1．I'm Jim Green.Jim is my gi v en name.2．My mother works in a hospital．She's a doctor.3．How many buildings are there at Park School?4．Vegetables are healthy food.They are good for our bodies.5．—How many lessons do you have every day?—I have four in the morning and three in the afternoon.B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示在空白处写出单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。

Hello，everyone！Here is a photo.Do you want to know this girl？Her (名字) isBetty.She is 7.from(来自) England.She is 8.English(英国人)．She is in Beijing 9.w ith(和……一起) her mother.She is 10.in(在) Class Six Grade Seven of No. 12 Middle School.She is11.t w el v e(十二) years old.Her mother works in a hospital.She is a good 12.doctor(医生)．Look，this girl is me.Who 13.is(是) the man next to me？He is Betty's 14.father(父亲)．He is an15.American(美国人)．He is very kind to us.二、语法填空。

初中语文试卷 马鸣风萧萧考点跟踪突破1 《论语》十二章(见学生用书第195页)一、(2014·陕西改编)阅读下面文言文，回答问题。

【甲】子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” (《论语·学而》)子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

”(《论语·为政》)子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。

择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

” (《论语·述而》)(节选自《〈论语〉十二章》)【乙】太史公曰：《诗》有之：“高山仰止，景行行止。

”虽不能至，然心乡往之。

余读孔氏书，想见其为人。

适鲁，观仲尼庙堂、车服、礼器，诸生以时习礼其家，余低回①留之，不能去．云。

天下君王至于贤人众矣，当时则荣，没则已焉。

孔子布衣，传十余世，学者宗之。

自天子王侯，中国言六艺②者，折中于夫子，可谓至圣矣！(《史记·孔子世家赞》)【注释】①低回：徘徊，流连。

②六艺：六经，即《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》。

1．解释下列句子中加点的词语。

(1)人不知而不愠．生气，发怒 (2)不能去．云 离开 2．下面各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法全都相同的一组是( D )A.⎩⎨⎧不亦说．乎及郡下，诣太守，说．如此B.⎩⎨⎧虽．不能至虽．不能察，必以情 C.⎩⎨⎧学而不思则．罔入则．无法家拂士 D.⎩⎨⎧想见其．为人 此之谓失其．本心 【解析】A 项中的“说”前者读“yu è”，通“悦”，意思为“愉快”；后者意思为“讲，谈论，叙述”。

B 项中两个“虽”前者是“虽然”的意思；后者是“即使”的意思。

C 项中两个“则”前者是连词，可译为“就”或不译；后者表示假设，是“如果”的意思。

D 项中两个“其”都是代词，代指“他的”。

因此本题选D 。

3．将下面的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

我要选择他们的长处来学习，(看到自己也有)他们那些短处就要改正。

实数及其运算一、选择题(每小题5分，共25分)1．(抚顺模拟)下列各数中，最小的数是( A )A ．－3B ．|－2|C ．(－3)2D ．2×1052．(2015·毕节)下列说法正确的是( D )A ．一个数的绝对值一定比0大B ．一个数的相反数一定比它本身小C ．绝对值等于它本身的数一定是正数D ．最小的正整数是13．(本溪模拟)现在网购越来越多地成为人们的一种消费方式，在2014年的“双11”网上促销活动中天猫和淘宝的支付交易额突破57000000000元，将数字57000000000用科学记数法表示为( B )A ．5.7×109B ．5.7×1010C ．5.7×1011D ．57×1094．(2015·天水)若a 与1互为相反数，则|a ＋1|等于( B )A ．－1B ．0C ．1D ．2 5．(2015·烟台)将一组数3，6，3，23，15，…，310，按下面的方式进行排列：3，6，3，23，15；32，21，26，33，30；…若23的位置记为(1，4)，26的位置记为(2，3)，则这组数中最大的有理数的位置记为( C )A ．(5，2)B ．(5，3)C ．(6，2)D ．(6，5)点拨：310＝90＝3×30，这组数中最大的有理数是81，81在第六行的第2个，即(6，2)，故选：C二、填空题(每小题5分，共25分)6．(2015·绥化)计算：|3－4|－(12)－2＝__－3__． 7．(2015·资阳)已知(a ＋6)2＋b 2－2b －3＝0，则2b 2－4b －a 的值为__12__．8．(2015·陕西)将实数5，π，0，－6由小到大用“＜”号连起来，可表示为__－6＜0＜5＜π__．)按照如图所示的操作步骤，若输入的值为3，则输出的值为__55__．10．(2015·安徽)按一定规律排列的一列数：21，22，23，25，28，213，…，若x ，y ，z表示这列数中的连续三个数，猜想x ，y ，z 满足的关系式是__xy ＝z__．点拨：∵21×22＝23，22×23＝25，23×25＝28，25×28＝213，…，∴x ，y ，z 满足的关系式是：xy ＝z三、解答题(共50分)11．(10分)计算： (1)(2015·沈阳)327＋|5－2|－(13)－2＋(tan 60°－1)0； 解：原式＝3＋5－2－9＋1＝5－7(2)(2015·东营)(－1)2015－9 ＋(3－π)0＋|3－3|＋(tan30°)－1.解：原式＝－1－3＋1＋3－3＋3＝012．(10分)用同样大小的黑色棋子按如图所示的规律摆放：(1)第5个图形有多少个黑色棋子？(2)第几个图形有2016个黑色棋子？请说明理由．解：(1)18个(2)设第n个图形中有2016颗黑色棋子，则有3＋3n＝2016，n＝671，答：第671个图形中有2016颗黑色棋子13．(10分)已知数14的小数部分是b，求b4＋12b3＋37b2＋6b－20的值．分析：因为无理数是无限不循环小数，所以不可能把一个无理数的小数部分一位一位确定下来，这种涉及无理数小数部分的计算题，往往是先估计它的整数部分(这是容易确定的)，然后再寻求其小数部分的表示方法解：因为9＜14＜16，即3＜14＜4，所以14的整数部分为3.设14＝3＋b，两边平方得14＝9＋6b＋b2，所以b2＋6b＝5.b4＋12b3＋37b2＋6b－20＝(b4＋2·6b3＋36b2)＋(b2＋6b)－20＝(b2＋6b)2＋(b2＋6b)－20＝25＋5－20＝1014．(10分)(大连模拟)观察下列关于自然数的等式：(1)32－4×12＝5 ①(2)52－4×22＝9 ②(3)72－4×32＝13 ③…根据上述规律解决下列问题：(1)完成第四个等式：92－4×( 4 )2＝( 17 )；(2)写出你猜想的第n 个等式(用含n 的式子表示)，并验证其正确性．解：(2)第n 个等式为(2n ＋1)2－4n 2＝4n ＋1.∵左边＝4n 2＋4n ＋1－4n 2＝4n ＋1＝右边，∴第n 个等式成立15．(10分)(2015·重庆)如果把一个自然数各数位上的数字从最高位到个位依次排出的一串数字，与从个位到最高位依次排出的一串数字完全相同，那么我们把这样的自然数叫做“和谐数”．例如：自然数64746从最高位到个位排出的一串数字是6，4，7，4，6，从个位到最高位排出的一串数字也是：6，4，7，4，6，所以64746是“和谐数”．再如：33，181，212，4664，…，都是“和谐数”．(1)请你直接写出3个四位“和谐数”，猜想任意一个四位“和谐数”能否被11整除，并说明理由；(2)已知一个能被11整除的三位“和谐数”，设个位上的数字为x(1≤x≤4，x 为自然数)，十位上的数字为y ，求y 与x 的函数关系式．解：(1)四位“和谐数”：1221，1331，1111，6666；任意一个四位“和谐数”都能被11整数，理由如下：设任意四位“和谐数”形式为：abba(a ，b 为自然数)，则a×103＋b ×102＋b×10＋a ＝1001a ＋110b ，∵1001a ＋110b 11＝91a ＋10b ，∴四位“和谐数”abba 能被11整除；∴任意四位“和谐数”都可以被11整除(2)设能被11整除的三位“和谐数”为：xyx ，则x ·102＋y ·10＋x ＝101x ＋10y ，101x ＋10y 11＝9x ＋y ＋2x －y 11，∵1≤x ≤4，101x ＋10y 能被11整除，∴2x －y ＝0，∴y ＝2x(1≤x ≤4)。

考点跟踪突破27动词的时态1．—Mingming，you__A__ TV for three hours.Y ou should have a rest.—OK.Mum.(2014，合肥模拟)A．have watched B．are watchingC．watches D．watched2．There__B__ a party next month.Would you like to go with me？(2014，齐齐哈尔) A．will have B．is going to beC．is going to have D．are going to be3．—Y our brother is an excellent basketball player.—So he is.He__C__ to play basketball three years ago.(2014，长沙)A．has started B．starts C．started4．Students in Class One__C__ the museum next Friday.(2014，安庆模拟) A．visited B．visit C．will visit D．visits5．—Where's your father?—He______ Beijing.He__A__ there last month.(2014，巴中)A．has gone to；went B．has been to；wentC．has gone to；has gone6．I______ my homework when my mother__C__ in.(2014，安庆模拟)A．is doing；came B．was doing；comeC．was doing；came D．am going；comes7．Hurry up！The sky is covered with black clouds.I'm afraid it__B__．(2014，衢州) A．rains B．is going to rainC．rained D．was raining8．Kate__A__ to dance since she was 5，so she dances very well.(2014，贺州)A．has learned B．learnsC．have learned D．learned9．How time flies！Three years__B__ since I became a middle school student.(2014，玉林)A．will pass B．have passedC．passed D．passes10．Y ou said that Zhijin Cave is very beautiful.______ you__B__ there？(2014，毕节) A．Have；gone B．Have；beenC．Have；gone to D．Have；been to11．Julie's father______ to America last month.He__C__ there many times.(2014，六盘水)A．went；have gone B．has gone；has beenC．went；has been D．has been；had gone12．Look！The police__C__ the food onto the bank of the river.(2014，宜宾)A．am carrying B．is carryingC．are carrying D．carried13．—What do you often do at weekends?—I often__A__ my grandparents.(2014，北京)A．visit B．visitedC．have visited D．will visit14．She__B__ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.(2014，平凉)A．married B．has been marriedC．got married D．has got married15．—Are you going anywhere?—I__D__ about visiting my sister，but I have changed my mind.(2014，河南)A．think B．have thoughtC．will think D．thought16．—We couldn't find you anywhere around 8：00 yesterday evening.—I'm sorry for it.My mother and I__C__ in the square.(2014，芜湖模拟)A．danced B．will danceC．were dancing D．are dancing17．I__B__ tennis with my cousin every day when I was in America.(2014，安顺)A．play B．playedC．had played D．has played18．—What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?—Pretty good.I think he__C__ a good job so far.(2014，广东)A．does B．didC．has done D．was done19．—The book store__C__ a big sale.The books there must be very cheap now.(2014，阜阳模拟)—Sounds great.Let's go into it and have a look.A．will have B．hadC．is having D．was having20．—Have you finished using my dictionary?—Y es，I put it back on your desk just now.Who__D__ it away？(2014，十堰)A．will take B．is takingC．took D．has taken21．Beijing and Zhangjiakou__B__ applying to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in 2013.(2014，连云港)A．begin B．beganC．have begun D．had begun22．Someone__C__ at the door.Can you open it？(2014，河北)A．knocks B．knockedC．is knocking D．was knocking23．—When will Diana arrive？(2014，黄山模拟)—Oh，she__D__．She is in the meeting room now.A．arrives B．is arrivingC．arrived D．has arrived24．—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?—No，because I__C__ the story.(2014，宁波)A．read B．will readC．have read D．was reading25．Everything______ in our school since 2009.Now，it__D__ very modern.(2014，黄石) A．is changed；is looked B．is changed；looksC．has changed；is looked D．has changed；looks26．—When will you hand in your book report?—Sorry，I'm not sure.I__D__ writing it yet.(2014，襄阳)A．didn't finish B．don't finishC．hadn't finished D．haven't finished27．—Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend？(2014，武汉) —Jack？Never！He__D__ driving so far.A．has hated B．will hateC．hated D．hates28．—A nice tie！A present?—Y es，it is.My aunt__D__ it to me for my last birthday.(2014，武汉) A．was sending B．had sentC．will send D．sent29．—Is Miss Green in the office?—No，she__C__ to the library.(2014，武汉)A．goes B．had goneC．has gone D．would go30．—Mike，you look so excited!—Y eah！There__B__ a tennis game played by Li Na this evening.A．will have B．is going to beC．is going to have D．are going to be31．—I was at the cinema at 8 o'clock last night.What about you?—I__D__ the Internet at home.(2014，孝感)A．am surfing B．surfedC．will surf D．was surfing32．—A new shop______ for a week nearby.Let's have a look there.(2014，鄂州) —Good idea.But it doesn't__D__ on Mondays.A．opened；opened B．has been opened；openC．has opened；opened D．has been open；open33．I will write to you when I__A__ in Shanghai.A．arrive B．arrivedC．have arrived D．will arrive34．—Have you finished your work?—Y es.Peter__A__ me with it.A．helped B．will helpC．was helping D．is helping35．It______ usually__B__ at this time of year，but now it's snowing heavily. A．is；snowing B．doesn't；snowC．has；snowed D．won't；snow36．—I hear your brother has gone to Hainan for vacation.—Y es，he__D__ in a week.A．returns B．returnedC．has returned D．will return37．—Jane，turn down the radio，please.I__C__ my homework.—Oh，sorry.A．do B．didC．am doing D．have done38．—What did Miss White say just now?—Sorry，I didn't know.I__C__ something else.A．think B．will thinkC．was thinking D．have thought39．Ben__C__ in China for five years.Now he can speak good Chinese.(2014，亳州模拟) A．lives B．was livingC．has lived D．is living40．—Have you known Bob for years?—Y es，since he__B__ to China.A．comes B．cameC．is coming D．has come41．—May I speak to Rose?—Sorry，she isn't in.She__D__ to Russia.A．goes B．was goingC．has been D．has gone42．The person we talked about just now__D__ us a speech next Monday.(2014，铜陵模拟)A．gives B．gaveC．has given D．will give43．She__D__ this book for nearly three weeks.A．has borrowed B．has lentC．has bought D．has kept44．The computer is broken.______ it__C__ today？(2014，滁州模拟)A．Will；repair B．Has；repairedC．Will；be repaired D．Has；been repaired45．—Do you know who cleaned the blackboard，Tina?—Y es，John__C__．(2014，宣城模拟)A．do B．does C．did D．was46．By the end of last month，I__D__ all the CDs of Justin Bieber.A．collect B．collectedC．has collected D．had collected47．—What did Mr.Smith do before he came to China?—He__B__ in a car factory.(2014，宿州模拟)A．works B．workedC．is working D．will work48．T om was so careless that he__B__ his right arm when he was riding to school. A．hurts B．hurtC．has hurt D．had hurt49．He promised to pick me up at the school gate.However，he__C__ yet. A．didn't arrive B．doesn't arriveC．hasn't arrived D．isn't arriving50．—How do you like your English teacher?—He is great.W e__C__ friends since three years ago.A．were B．have madeC．have been D．have become。