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tangent n.正切，切线tagent ial adj.稍微沾边的，离题的，不相干的；正切的，切线的tagent ially adv.P115*indifferen ce n.漠不关心，冷淡indefferen t adj.漠不关心的，不感兴趣indifferen tly adv.满不在乎地be indifferent to sb./sth.-ence表名词,“性质,状态”P115correspond ingly adv.符合地，相应地，相关地correspond ence n.来往信件，往来书信；通信，联系；相关，相似correspod ent n.记者，通讯员correspond v.相一致，符correspond with sb./to sth.-ly,表副词P115welfare n.福利live on welfare 依靠保障金生活P115 *exceed v.超过，越出exceed ingly adv.极其，非常exceed expectations P115shift v.移动，改变shift er n.(汽车的)变速箱，齿轮箱shift less adj.没志气的，混日子的shift y adj.看着不可靠的shift your ground(改变立场)P115*substitu tion n.代用品substitute v.代替，取代P115associate v.使结合associat ed adj.相关的，有关联的associat ion n.协会，社团，联盟be associated with /associateprofessor 副教授-ate 表动词，“做，使”P115panel n.面板，仪表盘panelling n.（装饰天花板的）嵌板panelist n.(电视节目中的)讨论会成员P116rotate v.使旋转rotat ion n.旋转，转动rota ryadj.旋转的n.旋转式发动机-ate 表动词，“做，使”P116capture v.俘获，占领capt ive adj.被关起来的，被困住的，受控制的n.囚徒，战俘capt ivity n.监禁，关押capt orn.挟持者P116dictat e v.口述，听写，命令dictat ion n.口述，听写dictat or n.独裁者dictat orialadj.独裁的dictate to sb.向某人发号施令-ate 表动词，“做，使”P116*illustrate v.图解，举例说明illustrat ion n.图表，插图，例释illustrat ive adj,说明的，解释性的illustrat or n.插图画家illustrate sth./with sth.P116conversely adv.相反地conver sion n.(宗教，信仰的)改变，皈依conve rt v.使转变converter n.转换器，变流器convertible adj.可转变的-ly,表副词P116adj.开始的，最初的intia lize v.预置，格式化initia tive n.新方案，积极性initia tor n.发起人initia tionn.入会-ial 表形容词，“有…的”n.首字母n.总数，合计aggregat or n.信息汇集公司adj.总数的，合计的capac ity n.能力，才能capaci ous adj.宽敞的，容积大的capaci tance n.电容量-ity 表名词，“性质，特征，能力”P117intersection n.十字路口，交点；交叉，相交intersect v.交叉，相交intersect sth./with sth.贯穿，横断-ion=-ation 表名词P117constraint n.限制，限定，约束constraint on sth.P117perennial adj.长久的，持续的，反复出现的perennial ly adv.长久地-ial 表形容词，“有…的”P117*controversy v.争议，争论controvert v.辩驳，反驳controversial adj.引起争论的P117integrate v.合并，成为一体integrat ed adj.综合的，完整无缺的integrat ion n.综合，一体化integrated circuit集成电路-ate 表动词，“做，使”P117domestic adj.家庭的，家务的domestic ate v.驯化domestic ity n.家庭生活domestic ation n.驯养-ic,表形容词，表示“…的”P117equilibrium n.平衡，均衡，均势P118ambiguity n.含糊，不确定，模棱两可ambigu ous adj,含糊的，模糊不清的ambigu ously adv.-ity 表名词，“性质，特征，能力”P119vi.变得清晰，得到阐明clari fication n.阐明clari ty v.清楚，清晰vt.澄清，阐明export-biasedgrowth出口偏向型增长P121*biased adj.有偏见的；结果偏倚的，有偏的；有插图的bias n.偏见，偏心；偏爱，特殊能力；斜裁v.使偏心，使有偏见biased toward sb./sth.偏向某人/某物P121P119clarify P117 P116initial aggregaten.损失，代价，消费，开支expensive adj.花费大的，昂贵的expense account费用账户vt.向…收取费用at sb's expense 由某人付钱n.合成物synthe size v.合成synthe sis n.综合体，结合，合成synthe sizer n. 音响合成器adj.合成的，人造的self-defeatingadj.弄巧成拙的-ing 表形容词，“…的”P122*immiserizing growth 悲惨性成长P122perver se adj.堕落的，倔强的，违背常理的perver sion n.反常行为，变态perver t v.败坏，误导perver ted adj.反常的，变态的P122*rigorously adv.严厉地rigorous adj.细致的，谨慎的，严格的，严厉的-ly ,表副词P122immense adj.巨大的，广大的；无边无际的；[口]非常好的immense ly adv.极端地，非常immen s ity n.巨大，广大P123intell ectual adj.智力的；聪明的；理智的intell ect n.智力，才智超群的人intell gence n.智力，智慧P123adj.无拘无束的；被除去脚镣的fetter v.限制，束缚n.羁绊v.使自由（unfetter过去分词）；解开脚链；释vt.使出轨derailleur n.变速器vi.出轨*empiric al adj.经验主义的，完全根据经验的empiric ism n.经验主义，实证论empiric ally adv.实验地 -al 表形容词，“…的”P123industrial izingv使工业化industrial ize v.使工业化industrial adj.工业的，产业的industry n.工业，生产制造P123*approximate ly adv.大约，近似地；近于approximate adj.大约的，近视的，接近的v.接近approximat ion n.近似值，类似事物-ly ,表副词P123annual adj.年度的；每年的annual ized adj.按年度计算的annual ly adv.一年一次地annuity n.年金-al 表形容词，“…的”P123synthe ticP122P123P123unfetteredderail P121expensevt.乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘multiply v.乘以，迅速增加vi.乘；繁殖；增加adv.多样地；复合地adj.多层的；多样的vt.拖拉；缓慢而吃力地行进drag sth. out of sb.强迫某人说出vi.拖曳；缓慢而吃力地行进n.拖；拖累magnitude n.大小；量级；震级；重要；光度magnify v.放大，增强P123fluctuationn.起伏，波动fluctuate v.起伏不定-ion=-ation 表名词P123adj.持续的；持久的；持久不变的sustain able adj.合理利用的sustain v.使保持，维持；经受；支持v.维持（sustain的过去式和过去分词）；承受deterioration n.恶化；退化；堕落deteriorate v.变坏，恶化，退化-ion=-ation 表名词P123vt.欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别appreciat ion n.欣赏，感谢，感激，理解，同情appreciat ive adj.感激的，感谢的appreciat e v.欣赏，重视；升值vi.增值；涨价vi.恶化，变坏vt.恶化eliminatingvt.消除；排除eliminat e v.排除，消灭eliminat ion n.消除P123n.摇摆；摆动；秋千；音律；涨落vi.摇摆；转向；悬挂；大摇大摆地行走vt.使旋转；挥舞；悬挂adj.旋转的；悬挂的；强节奏爵士音乐的*volatile adj.挥发性的；不稳定的；爆炸性的；反覆无常的volatilit y n.P124P123*P124deteriorated swingP123P123sustain edappreciat edP123P123drag multipliedn.矿物；（英）矿泉水；[化]无机物；苏打水（常用复数表示）miner n.矿工mine ralogist n.矿物学家miner alogy n.矿物学-al 表形容词，“…的”adj.矿物的；矿质的olatilen.挥发物；有翅的动物P124adj.大量的；实质的；内容充实的substant ially adv.非常，大大地substan t ive adj.实质性的，重大的substant iate v.证实-ial 表形容词，“有…的”n.本质；重要材料n.属性；特质attribut ive adj.定语的attribut able adj.可能由于attribut e v.把···归因于n.属性vt.归属；把…归于Argentina 阿根廷P124Ecuador 厄瓜多尔（拉丁美洲）P124subsidy n.补贴；津贴；补助金subsidize v.资助，补助subsidization n.资助P124crucialadj.重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的-ia l 表形容词，“有…的”P124distinct ive adj.有特色的，与众不同的distinct adj.清楚的，明白的；有区别的distinct ly adv.清楚地distinct ion n.差别，区别distinct from sth.-ive 表形容词P124purchas ed adj.已经购买的purchase v.购买，采购；握紧，抓牢purchas ing n.购买，采购P124adj.激励的；刺激的incentive for/to sb./sth.-ive 表形容词n.动机；刺激incentive package一揽子福利v 楔入；挤进；楔住n.楔子；楔形物；导致分裂的东西correspond vi.符合/一致；相应；通信correspondence通信P125equivalen tlyadv.相等地；相当于equivalen t adj.相等的，相同的equivalen ce n.等同P125P125wedge P124**P124attributedincentive P124P124miner al substantialadj.外部的；表面的；[药]外用的；外国的；外面的extern n.非住院的医院员工exter n alize v.表达，使表露出来n.外部；外观；外面-al 表形容词，“…的”consumptionn.消费；消耗；肺痨consumptive n.肺结核患者P125vi.估计，估价estimation n.判断，评价，看法；估计a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计-ate 表动词，“做，使”n.估计，估价；判断，看法vt.估计，估量；判断，评价equilibrium n.均衡；平静；保持平衡的能力P126distortion n.变形；失真；扭曲；曲解distort v.使变形，扭曲；使失真，歪曲P126n.最佳效果，最适宜时间adj.最适宜的peculiar ityn.特性；特质；怪癖；奇特peculiar adj.怪异的，奇怪的，不寻常的；特有的，特殊的peculiar ly adv.特别；独特地peculiar to sb./sth.对某人/某物是特殊的 -ity 表名词，“性质，特征，能力”P127*alternat ively adv.非此即彼；二者择一地alternat e adj.交替的，轮流的alternat ive n.可供选择的事物adj.非传统的，另类的alternative energy 替代能源-ly ,表副词P127n.钢铁；钢制品；坚固steely adj.似钢的，冷冰冰的，强硬的vt.钢化；使冷酷adv.然而，不过；虽然如此conj.然而，不过n.维；尺寸；次元；容积dimmensional adj.多维的vt.标出尺寸adj.规格的transaction n.交易；事务；办理；会报，学报transact v.做业务，做交易transact sth. with sb.与某人做交易P127n.忽视；不尊重disregard for/of sb./sth.vt.忽视；不理；漠视；不顾P127P127P127*P127steel P126P126estimateobtimum P125external nevertheless dimension disregardn.推理；论证；评理reason able adj.公平的，合理的，有理由的；公道的reason ably adv.过得去，尚可；明智地，通情达理地reason ed adj.合乎逻辑地，缜密的adj.推理的-ing表形容词，“…的”v.推论；说服adj.使迷惑的；使莫明其妙的puzzl ed adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的puzzl ement n.困惑，迷惘puzzler 谜团，费解的事puzzlev.迷惑，使困惑a cross-word puzzle(纵横填字游戏)-ing表形容词，“…的”v.使迷惑*interpret ation n.解释；翻译；演出interpret v.说明，诠释；领会interpret ative adj.理解的，解释的；表演的，演绎的interpret er n.口译工作者P129vt.绕开；忽视；设旁路；迂回passers-by 路过的人n.旁路；支路real interest rate实际利率P129 upward-sloping向上倾斜的P129 n.代用品；代替者substitution n.代替substitute for sb./sth.vi.替代vt.代替n.平行线；对比parallelism n.相似，相似的特点in parallel with 与···同时vt.使…与…平行parallel bars 双杠adj.平行的；类似的，相同的P129*P129P129P128P128substituteparallelreason ingpuzzl ingbypass。
chapter翻译基本解释●chapter：章节，篇章●/ˈtʃæptər/●n. 章节，篇章变化形式●复数形式：chapters具体用法●名词:o意思: 章节，篇章o同义词: section, part, division, segment, portiono反义词: whole, entirety, total, aggregate, sumo例句：●The book is divided into ten chapters, each focusing on adifferent aspect of the subject. (这本书分为十个章节，每个章节都专注于该主题的不同方面。
)●In the first chapter, the author introduces the main charactersand sets the scene for the story. (在第一章中，作者介绍了主要人物并为故事设定了场景。
)●Each chapter of the report provides detailed analysis andinsights into the data collected. (报告的每一章都对收集的数据进行了详细分析和见解。
)●The final chapter of the novel brings all the storylinestogether in a dramatic conclusion. (小说的最后一章将所有故事情节汇聚在一起，形成戏剧性的结局。
)●The history book includes chapters on ancient civilizations,the Middle Ages, and modern history. (这本历史书包括关于古代文明、中世纪和现代历史的章节。
)●Students are required to read the first three chapters beforethe next class. (学生们需要在下节课前阅读前三章。
小沈的单词本Chapter 6. 人文科学包括：a. 艺术与文学; b. 文化与历史; c. 经济与贸易; d. 企业与管理; e. 法律与犯罪.N.B.The words with shading are not required in IELTS, but required in at least one another examination, including TOEFL, SAT, GRE, CET4/6, and NETM. Also, the italicized words are neither required in IELTS, nor in TOEFL, SAT, GRE, CET4/6, or NETM according to YouDao Dict.The BrE phonetic transcriptions, but the NAmE spellings are typed in this article.There are 10 chapters in this article, other chapters and a complete version can be found in my Baidu blog.注意带黄底的单词是非雅思要求的词汇，但是是托福、SAT、GRE、四六级、考研英语之中至少一种考试所要求的词汇. 而斜体的单词既不是雅思要求的词汇，也不是托福、SAT、GRE、四六级、考研英语要求的词汇.本材料中采用单词的英音音标、美式拼写.本材料共10章, 其他章节和一个完整版均可以在我的百度文库店铺中找到.Chapter 6. 人文科学a.艺术与文学classical music 古典乐jazz /dʒæz/ 爵士乐rock /rɒk/ 摇滚乐hip-hop/ˈhɪp hɒp/ 嘻哈pop /pɒp/ 流行歌曲lyric /ˈlɪrɪk/ 抒情的lyrics /'lɪrɪks/ 抒情诗；歌词melody /ˈmelədi/ 旋律rhythm /ˈrɪðəm/ 节奏；韵律tone /təʊn/ 音调；音色；语气tune /tjuːn/ 曲调tuner/ˈtjuːnə(r)/ 调音师；谐振器instrument 乐器piano 钢琴violin /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ 小提琴cello /ˈtʃeləʊ/ 大提琴guitar 吉他harmonic /hɑːˈmɒnɪk/ 和声(的) harmonica/hɑːˈmɒnɪkə/ 口琴organ /ˈɔːɡən/ 风琴；器官mouth organ 口琴trumpet /ˈtrʌmpɪt/ 喇叭drum 鼓flute /fluːt/ 长笛trombone /trɒmˈbəʊn/ 长号cornet/ˈkɔːnɪt/ 短号clarinet /ˌklærəˈnet/ 单簧管oboe/ˈəʊbəʊ/双簧管percussion /pəˈkʌʃn/ 敲打乐器；打击乐solo 独奏；独唱band 乐队concert 音乐会；演唱会conductor 指挥symphony /ˈsɪmfəni/ 交响乐；和声orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/管弦乐队improvise /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/ 即兴表演；即兴创作opera /ˈɒprə/ 歌剧；歌剧院；歌剧团drama /ˈdrɑːmə/ 戏剧；剧本melodrama /ˈmelədrɑːmə/ 闹剧；夸张的(情节剧) modern drama 话剧musical /ˈmjuːzɪkl/ 音乐剧ballet /ˈbæleɪ/ 芭蕾costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/ 戏服academic costume 学位服scene (舞台)场景；现场senery 舞台布景；风景lighting 舞台灯光spotlight 聚光灯auditorium /ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːriəm/ 礼堂；观众席target audience /ˈɔːdiəns/目标观众magic/ˈmædʒɪk/ 魔法；魔术；有魔力的circus /ˈsɜːkəs/ 马戏；马戏团rehearsal /rɪˈhɜːsl/ 排练rehearse /rɪˈhɜːs/ v.排练gallery /ˈɡæləri/ 画廊exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ 展览；展会photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ 照片；相片painting /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/ 绘画；油画sketch /sketʃ/ 素描；梗概portrait /ˈpɔːtreɪt/ 肖像；人像；半身雕塑像sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ v./n.雕塑；雕刻statue /ˈstætʃuː/ 雕像；塑像relief n.浮雕；救济；减轻mural /ˈmjʊərəl/ 壁画carve /kɑːv/ 雕刻stone/wood carving 石雕/木雕craft /krɑːft/手艺handicraft 手工艺；手工艺品artefact /ˈɑːtɪfækt/ 手工制品handwriting 笔迹；书法calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ 书法autograph /ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf/亲笔签名；手稿aesthetic /esˈθetɪk/ 审美；美学的movie/film(更英式) 电影cinema/theater /ˈsɪnəmə /电影院role 角色actor/actress 演员stand-in 替身演员hero/heroine /ˈherəʊɪn/ 男/女主角supporting actor/actress 男/女配角billing 演员表；广告；账款cast 演员阵容；投掷an all-star cast 全明星阵容members of the cast 剧组成员audition /ɔːˈdɪʃn/ (对演艺人员的)试演director 导演producer=PD制片人supervisor 监制photographer/cameraman摄影script 剧本scriptwriter编剧plot/scenario 情节frame 一帧(画面)original version /əˈrɪdʒənl/ 原版recompose/adapt /riːkəm'pəʊz//əˈdæpt/改编dub /dʌb/ v./n.配音lines 台词story line 故事梗概title 片名subtitile 字幕bullet screen 弹幕soundtrack配乐voiceover 旁白；画外音Oscar /ˈɑːskər/ 奥斯卡feature film 剧情片action film 动作片science fiction film 科幻片fantasy film 魔幻片comedy 喜剧tragedy film /ˈtrædʒədi/ 悲剧片X-rated 少儿不宜的porno film/ˈpɔːnəʊ/ 色情电影thriller /ˈθrɪlə(r)/ 惊悚片；恐怖小说horror film /ˈhɒrə(r)/ 恐怖片suspense film/səˈspens/悬疑片documentary /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/ 纪录片newsreel/ˈnjuːzriːl/ 新闻影片animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn/动画片cartoon /kɑːˈtuːn/卡通TV play 电视剧serial /ˈsɪəriəl/ 电视连续剧；小说连载；系列电影series /ˈsɪəriːz/ (广播或电视上的)系列节目superhero series 超级英雄系列电影Marvel/ˈmɑːvl/ 漫威a sequel to * /ˈsiːkwəl/ *的续集blockbuster /ˈblɒkbʌstə(r)/大片* was released/shown *上映a box-office hit 一部卖座的电影quiz program/kwɪz/ 知识竞赛节目game show游戏节目talent show 选秀节目reality talent show 真人秀talk show 脱口秀；访谈节目host 主持人emcee=MC/emˈsiː/主持人literate /ˈlɪtərət/ 有文化的；学者literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ 文学literal /ˈlɪtərəl/ 文字的；逐字的；不夸张的tale 故事；传说fairy tale 童话fiction 小说poetry /ˈpəʊətri/ 诗satire /ˈsætaɪə(r)/ 讽刺；讽刺文学magazine 杂志；弹药库coverage 新闻报道；覆盖(范围) biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ 传记；档案language 语言lingual /ˈlɪŋɡwəl/ 语言的；舌的linguistics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ 语言学monolingual/ˌmɒnəˈlɪŋɡwəl/ 只会一种语言的monotonous /məˈnɒtənəs/单调的mundane /mʌnˈdeɪn/ 单调的；平凡的bilingual /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ 双语的；会两种语言的multilingual /ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl/ 会多种语言的Mandarin /ˈmændərɪn/普通话Cantonese /ˌkæntəˈniːz/广东话Chinese character 汉字pictograph /'pɪktəgrɑːf/ 象形文字pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/ 发音intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/ 声调；语调inflection/ɪnˈflekʃn/ 声调变化；弯曲；变形accent /ˈæksənt/ 口音phonetics/fəˈnetɪks/ 语音学grammar /ˈɡræmə(r)/语法grammatical /ɡrəˈmætɪkl/ 文法的syntax /ˈsɪntæks/ 句法semantic /sɪˈmæntɪk/ 语义的；语义学的coherence /kəʊˈhɪərəns/连贯性fluency 流利；流利度syllable /ˈsɪləbl/ 音节vowel /ˈvaʊəl/ 元音(的) consonant /ˈkɒnsənənt/ 辅音(的)verbal /ˈvɜːbl/ 口头的；动词的oral /ˈɔːrəl/ 口头的；口述的utterance /ˈʌtərəns/ 表达；说话方式alphabet /ˈælfəbet/ 字母表vocabulary 词汇lexical /ˈleksɪkl/ 词汇的idiom /ˈɪdiəm/ 习语；土话；成语phrase /freɪz/ 短语proverb /ˈprɒvɜːb/ 谚语；格言adage /ˈædɪdʒ/ 格言；谚语；箴言slang/slæŋ/ 俚语root /ruːt/ 词源；根；生根prefix/ˈpriːfɪks/ (添加)前缀suffix/ˈsʌfɪks/ (添加)后缀abbreviation/əˌbriːviˈeɪʃn/ 缩写logogram/ˈlɒɡəɡræm/ 简写synonym /ˈsɪnənɪm/ 同义词antonym /ˈæntənɪm/ 反义词noun/naʊn/ 名词singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələ(r)/ 单数(的)；单一的plural /ˈplʊərəl/ 复数(的)a pluralist society /ˈplʊərəlɪst/ 多元的社会pronoun /ˈprəʊnaʊn/ 代词verb 动词adjective/ˈædʒɪktɪv/ 形容词adverb /ˈædvɜːb/ 副词preposition /ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/ 介词conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/ 连接词；结合clause /klɔːz/ 从句；条款tense /tens/ 时态；紧张的translation 翻译compile /kəmˈpaɪl/ v.编译；编制paraphrase /ˈpærəfreɪz/ 意译；解释literality/,lɪtə'rælətɪ/ 直译interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprət/ 口译；说明interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːprətə(r)/口译员narrate /nəˈreɪt/ 叙述；讲述illuminate /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/ 阐明decipher /dɪˈsaɪfə(r)/ 破译eloquence /ˈeləkwəns/ 口才；修辞；雄辩eloquent /ˈeləkwənt/ 有说服力的；意味深长的punchline /ˈpʌntʃlaɪn/(笑话最后的)关键句，妙语；画龙点睛之语gossip /ˈɡɒsɪp/ n./v.八卦；闲聊rumour /ˈruːmə(r)/ 谣言；v.传闻medium /ˈmiːdiəm/ 媒介；中间的media /ˈmiːdiə/ 媒体；(复数)媒介press 新闻界；出版社publish 出版；发行journalism /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪzəm/ 新闻业commentary /ˈkɒməntri/实况报道；现场解说b.文化与历史culture文化civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ 文明epic /ˈepɪk/ 史诗(般的)tradition 传统custom 风俗customs /ˈkʌstəmz/海关ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ 仪式；惯例；礼制etiquette/ˈetɪkət/ 礼节；礼仪derive from/dɪˈraɪv/ 源于originate from/əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ 源于native 本土的local 当地的nostalgia /nɒˈstældʒə/ 乡愁homesick 想家的exotic /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ 异国(风情)的alien /ˈeɪliən/ 外国(的)；外星人heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ 遗产；传统；继承(权) inherit /ɪnˈherɪt/v.继承antique /ænˈtiːk/ 古老的；古董archaeology /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ 考古学archaeologist/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/ 考古学家excavate /ˈekskəveɪt/ 挖掘；开凿excavation n.发掘；挖掘antique /ænˈtiːk/古董；古老的pottery /ˈpɒtəri/ 陶器engrave /ɪnˈɡreɪv/ 雕刻engraving 雕刻品inscription /ɪnˈskrɪpʃn/ 题词；铭文；碑文museum 博物馆religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ 宗教materialism /məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm/ 唯物主义idealism /aɪˈdiːəlɪzəm/ 唯心主义Christian /ˈkrɪstʃən/ 基督教的/徒Buddhism /ˈbʊdɪzəm/ 佛教Islam /ˈɪzlɑːm/伊斯兰教atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/ 无神论者clan /klæn/ 宗族；部落religious belief/faith /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/宗教信仰sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/ 神(圣)的hallowed /ˈhæləʊd/ 神圣的holy /ˈhəʊli/ 圣洁的pope /pəʊp/ 教皇bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/ (基督教)主教missionary /ˈmɪʃənri/ 传教的/士priest /priːst/ 神父；牧师Bible /ˈbaɪbl/ 圣经church 教堂cathedral /kəˈθiːdrəl/ 大教堂choir /ˈkwaɪə(r)/ 唱诗班monk /mʌŋk/ 僧侣temple /ˈtempl/ 庙宇pagoda/pəˈɡəʊdə/ (东方寺院的)宝塔oriental /ˌɔːriˈentl/ 东方的renaissance /rɪˈneɪsns/ 文艺复兴enlightenment /ɪnˈlaɪtnmənt/启蒙运动slavery /ˈsleɪvəri/ 奴隶制colony /ˈkɒləni/ 殖民地tribe /traɪb/ 部落tribal 部落的aboriginal /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl/ 土著(的)feudal /ˈfjuːdl/ 封建制度的empire /ˈempaɪə(r)/ 帝国imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/ 帝国的；皇帝的dynasty 王朝；朝代thrive /θraɪv/ v.繁荣；兴旺prosperity /prɒˈsperəti/繁荣；兴旺royal 皇家的nobility /nəʊˈbɪləti/ 贵族lord 主；上帝；(英)贵族emperor 皇帝king 国王majesty /ˈmædʒəsti/ 威严；王权status/ˈsteɪtəs/ 地位；状态queen 王后；女王prince 王子princess 公主；王妃knight 骑士anecdote /ˈænɪkdəʊt/ 奇闻；轶事c.经济与贸易economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ 经济economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ 经济上的economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ 经济的；划算的；节约的financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ 财政的revenue/ˈrevənjuː/ (政府)财政收入；税收收入expense /ɪkˈspens/ 开支；代价expenditure /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)/ 支出；花费currency 货币；通货monetary /ˈmʌnɪtri/ 货币的；财政的monetary policy 货币政策exchange rate 汇率The exchange rate of pound to RMB is about 9. shilling /ˈʃɪlɪŋ/ 先令(英国1971年以前货币单位，20先令合一英镑) pence /pens/ (复数)便士(100便士合一英镑) cash 现金cheque=check 支票dishonor拒付dishonored cheque 空头支票debit card /ˈdebɪt/ 借记卡credit card /ˈkredɪt/ 信用卡coin 硬币copper /ˈkɒpə(r)/ 铜币treasure /ˈtreʒə(r)/ 财富；珍宝tax 税levy /ˈlevi/ v./n.征收(税)；征集(兵) impose /ɪmˈpəʊz/征收duty 关税；责任tariff /ˈtærɪf/ v./n.(征收)关税export /ˈekspɔːt/ v./n.出口quota /ˈkwəʊtə/ 配额；指标export quota 出口限额achieve/have quota of * 完成*的指标import 进口value of import 进口额dump /dʌmp/ 倾倒；(向国外)倾销global trade 环球贸易domestic and overseas markets 海内外市场GDP=gross domestic product/dəˈmestɪk/per capita/'kæpɪtə/ 人均surplus /ˈsɜːpləs/盈余；顺差；过剩的deficit /ˈdefɪsɪt/ 赤字；逆差inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ 通货膨胀；膨胀deflation/ˌdiːˈfleɪʃn/ 通货紧缩；放气recession/rɪˈseʃn/ 衰退；不景气depression 不景气；沮丧sluggish/ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ 萧条的；迟缓的economic crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ 经济危机manufacturing industry 制造业service industry 服务业catering industry 餐饮业hospitality industry /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/ 酒店业；服务业tourism industry 旅游业commercial /kəˈmɜːʃl/ 商业的commerce /ˈkɒmɜːs/ 贸易；商务entity /ˈentəti/ 实体；存在；本质a business entity 企业实体a sovereign entity /ˈsɒvrɪn/主权(国)实体invest 投资capital inflow资本流入influx of capital /ˈɪnflʌks/资本流入capital withdrawal /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ 资产撤出bid v./n.出价；投标merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ 商人；批发商；商家retail /'riːteɪl/ v./n.零售；零售的wholesale /ˈhəʊlseɪl/ 批发(的) transaction 交易deal 交易；买卖；约定；对付consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ 消费；消耗consumer /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/ 消费者consumerism/kənˈsjuːmərɪzəm/消费主义dispense /dɪˈspens/发售；分配；免除goods 商品item (一件)商品；项目merchandise /ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪz/ 商品；货物commodity/kəˈmɒdəti/ 商品；日用品cargo /ˈkɑːɡəʊ/货物daily necessity /nəˈsesəti/ 生活必需品dispenser /dɪˈspensə(r)/自动售货机；药剂师customer 顾客client /ˈklaɪənt/顾客；客户sponser /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ 赞助者；主办方patron /ˈpeɪtrən/ 赞助人；主顾turnover /ˈtɜːnəʊvə(r)/ 翻覆；营业额cost 成本；代价profit 利润purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v./n.购买earn 赚钱afford 买得起；承担得起on sale (廉价)出售promotion 促销；提升；促进bargain /ˈbɑːɡən/ n.便宜货；v.讨价还价discount n./v.折扣a 10% discount 打九折membership 会员身份；会员资格voucher /ˈvaʊtʃə(r)/ 代金券；票券；凭证coupon /ˈkuːpɒn/ 优惠券lease /liːs/ 租约；v.出租receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ 收据invoice /ˈɪnvɔɪs/ 发票refund 退款；退税reimburse /ˌriːɪmˈbɜːs/ 偿还；赔偿reimbursement n.赔偿；报销apply for reimbursement 报销affluent /ˈæfluənt/ 富裕的；富人asset /ˈæset/ 资产estate /ɪˈsteɪt/ 房地产；财产real/immovable estate 不动产possession /pəˈzeʃn/ 拥有；财产property /ˈprɒpəti/ 财产；所有权；性质legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ 遗产ownership 所有权copyright 版权auction /ˈɔːkʃn/ v./n.拍卖donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ 捐赠endow /ɪnˈdaʊ/ (向学校等机构)捐钱；赋予wealth management 理财security 证券；安全(性) bond 债券；n./v.结合fund 基金；资金stock /stɒk/ 股票share 份额；股份dividend /ˈdɪvɪdend/ 红利；股息lottery /ˈlɒtəri/彩票account 账户deposit /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ n./v.存款；押金withdraw (从银行)取款；撤回interest /ˈɪntrəst/利益；利息insurance 保险loan /ləʊn/ 贷款；借款mortgage /ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ/ n./v.抵押贷款debt /det/ 债务；借款obligation 义务；职责；债务liability /ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ 责任；债务installment /ɪn'stɔ:lmənt/ 安装；分期付款penalty /ˈpenəlti/ 罚款d.企业与管理listed company 上市公司multinational company 跨国公司joint-stock company 合资公司firm 公司；商号state-owned enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz/ 国有企业foreign-invested enterprise 外资企业corporation /ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn/ 公司；法人(团体) legal person 法人consortium /kənˈsɔːtiəm/ 财团acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ 获得；收购negotiation 谈判；转让boss 老板director董事board 董事会chairman 董事长；会长；主席general manager 总经理supervisor 管理者superintendent /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtendənt/ 负责人；主管人executive /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/主管subordinate 部属；下级apprentice /əˈprentɪs/ 学徒deputy/ˈdepjuti/ 副手；副职vice- 副的clerk /klɑːk/ 职员internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ 实习生labor 劳动；劳动力workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ 劳动力white-collar worker 白领personnel /ˌpɜːsəˈnel/ 人事部门；全体人员human resource 人力资源regulate 调节；有系统地管理recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ v./n.招募；聘用；征兵post 岗位job vacancy/ˈveɪkənsi/ 职位空缺hunt for a job 找工作procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/程序；手续；步骤interview 面试；采访resume /rɪˈzjuːm/ 简历recommend 推荐recommendation /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/ 推荐信employ 雇用employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/雇员employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/ 雇主hire 租用；(临时)聘用preservice training 岗前培训undertaking (重大或艰巨的)任务；项目commute /kəˈmjuːt/通勤clock in 打卡上班flextime /ˈfleksitaɪm/弹性工作制attend/əˈtendəns/ 出席；上(大学等)；照料attendance /əˈtendəns/出席；考勤absent /ˈæbsənt/ 缺席的absenteeism /ˌæbsənˈtiːɪzəm/ 旷工；旷课ask for leave 请假overtime 加班时间；加班的overwork v./n.(工作)过度劳累salary 薪水income 收入wage /weɪdʒ/工资；报酬payment 付款；报酬payroll 工资单remuneration/rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃn/ 报酬；酬劳subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi/ 津贴；补贴allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ 津贴bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ 奖金；红利increment /ˈɪŋkrəmənt/定期的加薪deduct /dɪˈdʌkt/ 扣除(工资) suspension/səˈspenʃn/ 停职；暂停downsize /ˈdaʊnsaɪz/ v.裁员redundancy/rɪˈdʌndənsi/ n.冗余；裁员fire 解雇lay-off n.解雇dismiss 解雇dismissal /dɪsˈmɪsl/ n.解雇discharge v./n.释放；免职；出院sack /sæk/ v.解雇；掠夺resign v./n.辞职resignation /ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃn/ n.辞职；辞职信retire 退休retirement n.退休pension /ˈpenʃn/退休金；抚恤金e.法律与犯罪law 法律legal /ˈliːɡl/ 法律的；合法的illegal 非法的；违法的legitimate /lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ 合法的；正当的statutory /ˈstætʃətri/ 法定的；可依法惩处的illegitimate /ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmət/ 私生的；非法的valid/ˈvælɪd/ 有效的；合法的invalid 无效的；残疾的righteous /ˈraɪtʃəs/ 正义的；正直的rigorous/ˈrɪɡərəs/ 严格的；严密的rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ 严格的；死板的stern /stɜːn/ 严厉的；船尾rule 规则regulation 法规treaty /ˈtriːti/ 条约；协议charter/ˈtʃɑːtə(r)/ 宪章protocol /ˈprəʊtəkɒl/ 协议；草案draft n.草案；v.起草agreement 协议；共识；契约consensus /kənˈsensəs/共识attempt to reach a consensus 努力达成共识recognition /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ 承认；识别；赞誉item/ˈaɪtəm/ 条目an undertaking clause/klɔːz/ 承诺条款convention /kənˈvenʃn/ 惯例；协定abide /əˈbaɪd/ 忍受；持续abide by 遵守observe/obey 遵守comply with /kəmˈplaɪ/ 遵守；照做violate/break the laws 违反法律deter 威慑；阻止；使打消念头mandatory /ˈmændətəri/ 法定的；义务的obligation /ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃn/ 义务；职责；债务enact /ɪˈnækt/ 制定(法律)；颁布formulate /ˈfɔːmjuleɪt/规划；制定；确切表达legislate /ˈledʒɪsleɪt/ v.立法legislation /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ n.立法legislative /ˈledʒɪslətɪv/立法的legislative power 立法权legislative institution 立法机构judicial /dʒuˈdɪʃl/ 司法的executive power/ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/ 行政权constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ 宪法penal law/code /ˈpiːnl/ 刑法civil law/code 民法business/commercial law 商业法international law 国际法court 法院supreme court 最高法院judge 法官；裁判jury /ˈdʒʊəri/ 陪审团attorney /əˈtɜːni/[美]律师solicitor /səˈlɪsɪtə(r)/[英]诉状律师recess /ˈriːses/ n.休庭；休会trail /treɪl/ 审判；试验；痕迹awaiting trail 等候审判accuse /əˈkjuːz/ 控告accuse sb. of sth.petition/pəˈtɪʃn/ 请愿书；诉状prosecute /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/ 检举；起诉mediate /ˈmiːdieɪt/ 调解；调停reconcile /ˈrekənsaɪl/调解；调停plead /pliːd/ 辩护pleading n.辩护justify/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ 替…辩护；证明…合法justifiable /ˌdʒʌstɪˈfaɪəbl/ 可证明为正当的justifiable defense 正当防卫mute /mjuːt/缄默的silent 沉默的oversee 监督；审查witness /ˈwɪtnəs/目击；目击者；证人clue 线索arrest 逮捕detain /dɪˈteɪn/扣押；拘留convict /kən'vɪkt/ 宣告…有罪；罪犯condemn /kənˈdem/ 谴责；判处(某人某种刑罚) condemn to death for murder 因凶杀被判处死刑appeal /əˈpiːl/ 上诉；呼吁appeal against the sentence 提出上诉a light/heavy sentence 轻/重刑victim 受害人hostage /ˈhɒstɪdʒ/ 人质decedent/dɪ'siːd(ə)nt/ 死者confess /kənˈfes/供认；忏悔succumb /səˈkʌm/ 屈从penalty /ˈpenəlti/ 处罚；罚款fine 罚款confine /kənˈfaɪn/ v.监禁n.范围；限制jail /dʒeɪl/监狱prison /ˈprɪzn/监狱suspect /səˈspekt/ 嫌疑人commit/kəˈmɪt/ 犯罪crime /kraɪm/罪行criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/ 罪犯guilt 犯罪vice /vaɪs/ 恶习；副的；代替offend /əˈfend/ 冒犯；违法petty/minor offend 轻微的罪行severe penal cases 严重的刑事案件offender 罪犯treason/ˈtriːzn/ 叛国罪bribe /braɪb/贿赂rob v.抢劫robbery/ˈrɒbəri/n.抢劫robber 强盗；劫匪burglar /ˈbɜːɡlə(r)/ 窃贼pirate /ˈpaɪərət/海盗；盗版hijack /ˈhaɪdʒæk/ (尤在交通工具上)劫持steal n.偷窃theif 小偷；盗贼larceny /ˈlɑːsəni/ 偷盗罪smuggle /ˈsmʌɡl/v.走私murder n./v.谋杀kidnap /ˈkɪdnæp/ v.绑架；拐骗kidnapping 拐骗罪murderer /ˈmɜːdərə(r)/ 杀人犯；凶手bloodguilt 杀人罪suicide /ˈsjuːɪsaɪd/ 自杀homicide /ˈhɒmɪsaɪd/他杀；杀人犯deceive /dɪˈsiːv/ v.行骗；欺骗deception /dɪˈsepʃn/ n.欺骗；欺诈fraud /frɔːd/ 欺诈；骗子sexual harassment/həˈræsmənt/ 性骚扰terrorist /ˈterərɪst/ 恐怖分子terrorism /ˈterərɪzəm/ 恐怖主义/行动shooting incident枪击事件evil /ˈiːvl/ 邪恶的wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/ 邪恶的；下流的devil /ˈdevl/ 魔鬼hatred /ˈheɪtrɪd/ 憎恨；仇恨loath=loth /ləʊθ/不情愿的；勉强的loathing 嫌恶；反感averse /əˈvɜːs/不愿意的ethic /ˈeθɪk/ 伦理道德ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ 伦理的moral /ˈmɒrəl/ 道德的inhumane /ˌɪnhjuːˈmeɪn/ 残忍的inhumanity /ˌɪnhjuːˈmænəti/不人道；无人性ruthless /ˈruːθləs/ 无情的；残忍的ruthlessness /ˈruːθləsnəs/ 残忍unfeeling 无情的；无怜悯心的cold-blooded 冷血的；无情的brutal /ˈbruːtl/ 残忍的；野蛮的cruel /ˈkruːəl/ 残忍的；残酷的vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/ 恶毒的；恶意的spite 恶意；不顾spiteful 恶毒的；恶意的venomous /ˈvenəməs/ 有毒的；恶毒的lenient /ˈliːniənt/ 宽大的；仁慈的leniency /ˈliːniənsi/ 宽大；仁慈tolerant /ˈtɒlərənt/宽容的charitable /ˈtʃærətəbl/行善的；宽厚的；慷慨的。
9A chapter 61.be full of 装满；放满；充满The bottle is full of water.=The bottle is filled with water.2.keep sb. /sth. +adj 使保持某种状态Please keep the door closed.3.make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事He often makes his brother cry but this time he is made to cry by his brother.4.move 移动；搬动The desk is too heavy for the boy to move.迁移；搬家We will move into the new house next month.使感动I was moved to tears at the story.5.leave v.离开；剩下；留下；留置；听任；忘记The bus leaves the station in five minutes. May I leave my school bag here?The window was left open. I left my umbrella in the bus.n.许可；休假；告别Can I ask for a three days’ leave?6.have an effect on 对…有影响The book has a great effect on the children.affect v. 动词7.add to/into Please add the relish you like yourself.8.fool v.愚弄；欺骗foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的n. 傻子You can’t fool me! I don’t believe you. Why are these men so foolish? She was a completely a fool.9.enough pron.足够；充分I have had enough, thank you.adj.充分的；足够的They have enough rooms for everyone.adv.充分地；足够地The room is big enough to hold fifty people.10.kidnpa vt.绑架；诱惑 A rich man was kidnapped on his way home last night.11. go out 出去；出国Let’s go out for a walk.(灯；火)熄灭The fire went out gtadually.（衣着；式样等）不时兴，过时了My clothes go out of date.12.own adj 自己的I saw it with my own eyes.v. 有；拥有The old man used to own a lot of houses.owner n 所有人；物主She is the owner of the house.13.colour v.给…着色n.颜色He coloured the wall white. What colour is it?14.in this way 这样；用这种方法You can do it in this way.in a way 在某种程度上In a way,he was sorry about that.in the way阻碍；造成不便The traffic is busy. You shouldn’t be in the way.by the way 顺便说；顺便问By the way, who won the game?15.welcome v. 欢迎Welcome your friends to my home.adj.受欢迎的You’re a welcome guest.n.欢迎I think they’ll give us a warm welcome.感叹词Welcome to Shanghai. You’re welcome. 不客气16.at times 每次；一次The boat can take six people at a time.at that time “那时”常用于一般过去时或过去进行时They were on an island at that time.17.take off 脱下put on 穿上起飞The plane took off five minutes ago.18.escape 常与from或out of 连用Two of the prisoners have escaped from the prison.escape+n./v-ing There is no way to escape doing the work.19.free①自由的The old lady leads a free life and never troubles much about anything.②免费的We enjoy free treatment care.③空闲的I’m free on Saturday.④未被占用的Have they any rooms free?20.belong to 属于This car belongs to me. Who does this TV set belong to ?21. burst into 突然发生She burst into tears.=She burst out crying.burst out doing sth. 突然发生22.at the beginning of 在…之初Please read the text from beginning to end.He will go to England at the beginning of next month.23.on one’s own 独自地；主动地He did the work on his own.24.不可数名词数量时，常用“数词+单位名词+of +不可数名词”a piece of paper two pieces of paper a teaspoon of soup three teaspoons of soup25.take①拿；握住；抓住The mother took her child by the hand.②乘坐；搭（车，船）We took the bus to Beijing.③吃；喝；服用You must take the medicine three times a day.④花费（时间）需要；持续How long does the flight take?26.drop v. 落下；掉下The girl dropped the cup.drop by 请问；拜访He often drops by Tom’s .27.space 间隔；太空；空间He was the first man to walk in outer space.28.provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物Mr Smith provided food for us.=Mr Smith provided us with food.随堂测试1.—May I have another cake?—You’d better not. You shouldn’t go swimming on a________stomach.a.hotb.hungryc.fatd.full2.Look out! The cup is ______hot water.a.full ofb.fill withc.fulld.filled3.The earth is out home.We must______the land, air and water clean.a.getb.letc.keepd.take4.The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers_________halfway.a.stopb.to stopc.stoppingd.stopped5.Lin is going to________from Tai’an to Dalian after high school.a.startb.movec.setd.take6.After the earthquake, we heard of a lot of_________stories, and all of us were deeply _______.a.moving; movedb.moving;movingc.moved;movingd.moved;moved7.—Thanks for your wonderful dinner.I have to go now.—It’s raining hard. Don’t _______until it stops.a.arriveb.stayed.leave8.—Where is my handbag?—Maybe you have________it in the shoe shop.a.gotb.forgottenc.thrownd.left9.The boy read the article_______and found something important in it.a.careful enoughb.carefully enoughc.enough carefuld.enough carefully10.Look at the flowers! They are in different ________;red,yellow, pink….a.coloursb.sizesc.pricess11.—I want to go to different places,but I don’t know the _______.—A map is helpful,I think.a.priceb.wayc.timed.ticket12.—I’ve never had such a wonderful time.Thank you for asking me.—_________.a.Good jobb.That’s itc.That’s rightd.You’re welcome13.—__________has your uncle been to Canada?—Only twice.a.How many timesb.How oftenc.How longd.How soon14.The plane from Shanghai to Paris will ________in an hour.a.take upb.take awayc.take outd.take off15.Everyone knows that Taiwan belongs ________China.a.forb.toc.withd.about16.—I thought you had_________English.—No.It has been useful in my work.a.studiedb.droppedc.falledd.passed17.He_______us with the information that we needed.a.toldb.gavec.providedd.offered 答案:DACAA ADDBA BDADB BC。
