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纽卡斯尔大学再生医学和干细胞（研究）授课型研究生申请要求纽卡斯尔大学简介学校名称纽卡斯尔大学学校英文名称Newcastle University学校位置英国 | 英格兰 | 纽卡斯尔2020 QS 世界排名146纽卡斯尔大学概述纽卡斯尔大学（NewcastleUniversity），简称纽大，是位于英国英格兰东北部的世界一流大学，英国著名公立大学，英国老牌名校。
长久以来被认为是英国最好的20所大学之一，纽大是英国常春藤联盟罗素大学集团成员，N 8大学联盟成员，欧洲大学工会（EUA）以及英联邦大学（ACU）成员。
2014年12月18日，纽卡斯尔大学在每7年发布一次的REF 2014英国大学官方排名科研实力排名中，居全英第16位 ；名列2018年软科世界大学学术排名201-300位 ，2020年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名201–250位 ；2020年QS世界大学排名第146位，2020年USNews世界大学排名第180位 。
再生医学和干细胞（研究）专业简介该课程的讲授内容包括干细胞和再生医学领域的特定主题内容。
通过选择其他补充模块，您可以灵活地开发自己的定制课程。
您还将参加有关一般研究原则以及其他专业和关键技能的培训。
基于主题的模块专注于跨学科研究，该研究旨在将干细胞研究和技术转化为具有成本效益的，符合伦理道德的21世纪健康解决方案，以改善退化性疾病，衰老和严重伤害的影响。
这条线是与达勒姆大学联合提供的，两所大学都有项目机会。
再生医学和干细胞（研究）专业相关信息专业名称再生医学和干细胞（研究）专业英文名称Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells MRes隶属学院医学科学学院学制12个月语言要求雅思6.5(小分6.5)，托福90（听力21，阅读22，口语23，写作22）GMAT/GRE 要求不需要2020 Fall 申请时间8月学费(当地货币)22,800再生医学和干细胞（研究）课程内容序号课程中文名称课程英文名称1项目Project2生物科学的研究技能和原理Research Skills and Principles for the Biosciences3再生医学与干细胞Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells4衰老与健康Ageing and Health5行为生物学研究The Biological Study of Behaviour6人类疾病的应用免疫生物学Applied Immunobiology of Human Disease7生物信息学理论与实践Bioinformatics Theory and Practice8生物材料与组织工程Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering9生物医学增材制造与生物制造Biomedical Additive Manufacture and Biofabrication10衰老生物学Biology of Ageing 11癌症研究Cancer Studies12心血管疾病与健康科学Cardiovascular Science in Health and Disease13健康与疾病中的细胞周期控制和细胞信号传导Cell Cycle Control and Cell Signalling in Health and Disease14临床流行病学Clinical Epidemiology15精神疾病的生物学基础及其治疗The Biological Basis of Psychiatric Illness and its Treatment16比较认知：人类和其他动物的信息处理Comparative Cognition: Information Processing in Humans and Other Animals17发展遗传学Developmental Genetics 18糖尿病Diabetes19药物输送和纳米医学Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine20药物发现与开发Drug Discovery and Development21实验医学与治疗学Experimental Medicine and Therapeutics22基因医学Genetic Medicine23常见疾病的遗传学Genetics of Common Disease 24全球健康Global Health25生物科学研究开发与企业Bioscience Research Development and Enterprise26线粒体生物学与医学Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine27分子微生物学Molecular Microbiology28罕见疾病的治疗开发：神经肌肉范例Therapy Development for Rare Diseases: the neuromuscular paradigm29蛋白质科学中的研究方法Research Methods in ProteinScience30感觉系统和神经影像Sensory Systems and Neuroimaging31神经疾病的科学依据Scientific Basis of Neurological Disease32手术解剖学Surgical Anatomy33应用动物行为与福利Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare 34毒理学Toxicology35移植科学Transplantation Science 36在健康与疾病中运动Exercise in Health and Disease* 纽卡斯尔大学再生医学和干细胞（研究）研究生申请要求由 M astermate 收集并整理，如果发现疏漏，请以学校官网为准。
Immunology syllabusMajor: (credits: 3; hours: lectures 36 h; laboratory practices 18 h)Course attribute: compulsory courseDelivered by: School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityPrep courses: Biology, Anatomical physiology, Biochemistry, MicrobiologyI. Description:This course mainly introduces the basic principles and knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity from the beginning of the introduction of cells and organs of the immune system. The contents include as follows: antigen, antibody, immunoglobulin, complement, MHC, development of T and B cells, processing and presenting of antigens, immunological tolerance, immunoregulation, cellular immune response, humoral immune response, cytokines and their receptors, transplantation immunology, hypersensitivity and tumor immunology. Multimedia teaching methods is combined with the illustration by word, which could give the students the living comprehension of the theoretical knowledge and make them grasp the basic theory, knowledge and principle of immunology systematically and build a sound base for their further study. A series of laboratory practices will be involved to allow students to further develop concepts covered in the lectures, and familiar with use of materials and equipment commonly used in immunology laboratories.II. Contents and requirements (including the teaching purpose of each chapter, the basic teaching contents and the teaching requirements):In order to enable students to prepare and review according to the requirements of the syllabus, the contents of the teaching are divided into three levels: ①Grasp content is represented by an underscore “”.It is required a deep understanding, memory, and integration and the ability to infer other things from one fact. ②Familiar content with underlined " ", requires to be understood and remembered. ③ Understand content as "do not make a mark" express, request to be understood.Lectures:Chapter 1 Introduction to ImmunologyObjectives: to understand the modern concept and function of immunity, to clarify the essenceof immunity and the composition of immune system.Content：1. The basic concept of immunity, the basic function of immunity, and the characteristics ofimmune response2. A brief History of the Development of Immunology.3. The role of immunology in the development of medicine and pharmacy.Chapter 2 Immune tissues and organs including innate immune system and responseObjective: to master the organs and cells included in the immune system and their functions.Content：1. The composition of the immune system2. Central immune organs: structure and function of Bone Marrow and thymus3. Peripheral immune organs: structure and function of lymph nodes, spleen and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues⒋ Lymphocytes homing and recycling5. Primary cells of innate immunityChapter 3 AntigenObjective: to grasp the concept of antigen and emphasize the internal relations.Contents：1. The concept of antigen, two basic characteristics of antigen, complete antigen and hapten.2. Factors affecting immunogenicity of antigens: foreign body, physical and chemical status, molecular structure and accessibility.3. Antigen specificity and cross-reaction: the concept and types of antigen determinant cluster (conformational determinant cluster and sequence determinant cluster T cell determinant family and B cell determinant cluster), epitope-carrier interaction, common antigen and cross reaction).4. Antigen classification: complete and incomplete antigens, natural and artificial antigens, thymus dependent antigens (TD-Ag) and non-thymodependent antigens (TI-Ag), other classifications.5. Important antigens in medicine: pathogenic microorganism, bacterial exotoxin and toxoid, animal immune serum (antitoxin), heterophil antigen, allogeneic antigen (ABO blood group antigen, Rh antigen and HLA antigen), autoantigen, tumor antigen.6. The concept and category of superantigen.7. The concept and category of immune adjuvants.Chapter 4 AntibodyObjectives: Master the molecular structure of antibodies, hydrolysis fragments, functional regions and the function of each functional region, master the main characteristics of the five kinds of antibodies, grasp the law of antibody production and the biological role of antibodies; Master the concept of polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody. Clarify the relationship between molecular structure and function of antibody.Contents：1. Basic concept: antibody, immunoglobulin.2. The basic structure of Ig, the basic structure of Ig, the functional regions of Ig and the hydrolytic fragments of Ig.3. Serotype of Ig: classification and typing of Ig of isoltype, allotype and idiotype.4. Biological activities of Ig: specific structure with corresponding antigen, activation ofcomplement, binding of cells (cytotrophil), transplacental, antigenicity.5. The characteristics and functions of IgG. The characteristics and functions of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE.6. The gene structure and antibody diversity of Ig gene. The rearrangement of VDJ gene and class switch of the genes coding the consistent region of Ig heavy chain, the gene structure of Ig light chain and VJ rearrangement.7. Preparation of antibody: polyclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody, genetic engineering antibody.Chapter 5 Complement systemObjectives: to grasp the concept of complement system, activation pathwaies and biological functions of the complement systemContents：1. The concept of complement2. Composition and physicochemical properties of the complement system.3. Activation of the complement system, classical pathway (recognition, activation, membrane attack), alternative pathway, and Mannose-binding lectin pathway pathway. Effect mechanism of MAC. Comparison of three activation pathways.4. Regulation of complement activation: self decay, actions of inactivated substances or inhibitors in the liquid phase, action of membrane-binding regulatory molecules.5. Biological functions of complement: Involved in anti-infective immunity (roles of lysis of cells, bacteria and viruses, opsonization, inflammatory mediator); maintenance of environmental stability in the body (clearance of immune complexes, removal of apoptotic cells); participation of adaptive immunity (induction of immune response, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, the effect stage of immune response and memory of immunity). Involved in the interaction between complement and other enzyme systems.Chapter 6 CytokineObjectives: Master the concept, common characteristics and classification of cytokinesContents:1. The concept of cytokines, the common characteristics of cytokines (physicochemical, secretory, production and reaction).2. Classification of cytokines: interleukin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, colony stimulating factor, chemokine, growth factor, etc.3. The role of cytokine receptors.4. Biological function of cytokines: immunoregulation, anti-infection and anti-tumor effects, stimulating hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, participating in inflammatory reaction.5. Clinical significance of cytokines.Chapter 7 Leukocyte differentiation antigen and adhesion moleculesObjectives: Grasp the concept and classification, structure and function of common CD antigens and adhesion moleculesContents:1. The concept of leukocyte differentiation antigen and CD antigen.2. Concept of adhesion molecules3. Classification of adhesion molecules4. The functions of the adhesion molecule: involved in ⑴ development and differentiation of immune cells, ⑵immune response and regulation, ⑶inflammatory response, ⑷homing and recirculation of lymphocytes and ⑸regulation of apoptosis of lymphocytes.5. Clinical Application of CD molecules and Adhesion molecules and their monoclonal antibodiesChapter 8 Major histocompatibility complexesObjectives：To master the concepts of MHC and HLA, to master the distribution, molecular structure, function and significance of HLA in medicine, and to make clear that the intercellular interaction depends on the participation of surface molecules and is controlled by heredity Contents：1. Basic concept: the main histocompatibility antigen, the main histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC), HLA and HLA complex2. Human MHC(HLA complex): localization, structure (classic MHC class I gene and class II gene, immune-related gene, immune unrelated gene)3. Genetic characteristics of HLA complex: Haplotypes inheritance, codominant inheritance, high polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium4. The structure and distribution of HLA molecules; the structure and distribution of HLA-I molecules; the structure and distribution of HLA-II molecules5. The biological functions of HLA: involved in ⑴ the processing and presentation of antigen,⑵constrain the interaction of immune cells (MHC-restriction), ⑶ activation of T lymphocytes, ⑷differentiation of T lymphocytes, ⑸genetic control of immune response and ⑹the roles in transplantation rejection6.The significance of HLA in medicine: the relationship between HLA expression abnormality and disease, organ transplantation, transfusion reaction and the application of HLA in forensic medicine.7. HLA typing: serological typing and cytological typingChapter 9 B lymphocytesObjectives：To be familiar with the origin and differentiation of B lymphocytes, to master the formation and characteristics of BCR and BCR complexes, and to be familiar with the subsets and functions of B cells.Contents：1. Master the basic concept and characteristics of embryonic gene and gene rearrangement.2. Grasp the concept and significance of allelic exclusion3. Master the molecular composition, structure and function of BCR (Igαand Igβ).4. Master B cell subsets, function and differentiation and maturation process.5. Master the process of BCR gene rearrangement and its significance6. Familiar with the mechanism of BCR diversity7. Familiar with the coreceptor, costimulatory molecules and their functions on the surface ofB cells.8. Understand the relationship between CDR3 and BCR diversity9. Understand the difference between membrane Ig and secretory Ig (gene level, molecular level).10. understand the other surface molecules of B cells and their functionsChapter 10 T lymphocytesObjectives：Familiar with the process of differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes, focusing on surface markers, especially the molecular structure and function of TCR, and familiar with subgroups T cells and their main features and functions.Contents：1. The molecular composition, structure and functions of TCR-CD3.2. The functions and the process of differentiation and maturation of T cell subsets.3. The process of the positive selection and negative selection of T cells and their biological significances.4. The coreceptors, costimulatory molecules and their functions on the surface of T cells.5. Understand other surface molecules of T cells and their functions.Chapter 11 Antigen presenting cells and processing and presenting of antigenObjectives：Master the process and characteristics of processing and presenting of exogenous and endogenous antigens.Contents：1. The concept of antigen presenting cells (APCs), antigen processing, antigen presenting and the types of antigen presenting cell.2. Dendritic cells: source, distribution and classification; common characteristics; biological functions.3. Antigen presenting: exogenous antigen processing and presenting (MHC class Ⅱ pathway), endogenous antigen processing and presenting (MHC class Ⅰ pathway).4. Main characteristics of various APC presenting antigensChapter 12 T-lymphocyte mediated cellular immune responseObjectives：To master the process, characteristics and biological functions of cellular immune response, to master the molecular structure of T lymphocyte receptor and the process and mechanism of T cell activation.Contents：1. The concept and the types of immune response; the site and the process of immune response.2. Recognition of antigens by T cells: interaction between APC and T cells3. Activation of T cells: the first and the second signals of T cell activation, transduction pathway of the T cell activation signal.4. The mechanism of cellular immunity. Th cell-mediated immune effects and Tc cell-mediated immune effects.5. Biological function of cellular immunity.Chapter 13 B-lymphocyte mediated humoral immune responseObjectives：Master the process of immune response; master the process, characteristics and biological functions of humoral immunity; master the production of important lymphoid factors and their rolesContents：1. The response of B cells to TD antigens: activation of Th cells (first signal, second signal); activation of B cells (first signal, second signal); pathways of signal transduction for B cell activation; the roles played by Th cells in B cell response; and the differentiation and maturation ofB cells in germinal center.2. B cell response to TI antigens: response to TI-1 antigen; response to TI-2 antigen;characteristics and significance of B cell response to TI antigen3. the law of antibody production: the law of primary response and secondary response; the law of sequential responses; understand the significance of the law of antibody production.4. Biological effects of humoral immunity: neutralization (neutralization of foreign toxins, neutralization of viruses); opsonization; antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); activation of complement mediated bacteriolysis and cytolysis; involved in hypersensitivity. Chapter 14 Immunological toleranceObjectives：Master the definition and characteristics of immune tolerance and immunosuppression respectively, be familiar with the mechanism of immune tolerance.Contents：1. Concept of immune tolerance; innate immune tolerance; induced immune tolerance.2. Conditions affecting the formation of immune tolerance: antigen factors (properties, doses, immunization approach); organism factors (species, immune system status).3. Mechanism of immune tolerance: central tolerance; peripheral tolerance.4. The significance of study immune tolerance: establishment of tolerance (prevention of allograft rejection, autoimmune disease and hypersensitivity prevention and treatment); Breaking tolerance (prevention and treatment of tumor and infectious diseases)Chapter 15 ImmunoregulationObjectives：To master the concept of immune regulation, to master the immune regulation of immune cells, cytokines and immune networks, to master the contents of the theory of idiotypic network, to form a complete concept of immune response and its regulation.Contents：1. Immunoregulation at molecular level: activate signal transduction involving PTK and negative feedback regulation involving PTP; inhibitory receptors of immune cells2. Immunoregulation at cell level: regulatory roles played by T cells with; regulatory roles played by idiotypic network; the negative feedback regulation of apoptosis on the immune response.3. Immunoregulation at the system level: the immunoregulation of the neuroendocrine system. Chapter 16 Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseasesObjective：To understand the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and the principle of prevention and treatment.Contents：1. The concept of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease; the basic characteristics ofautoimmune disease; the classification of autoimmune disease.2. Factors related to autoimmune diseases: concealed antigen release, autoantigen changes, cross-antigen, polyclonal activator, Self-reactive lymphocyte cloning appeared.3. The mechanism of tissue damage in autoimmune disease: tissue damage caused by autoantibody and by autoallergenic lymphocytes.4. Examples of primary autoimmune diseases including SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.5. Principles of autoimmune disease treatment: anti-inflammatory drug therapy, immunosuppressant, immunomodulator, plasma exchange.Chapter 17 HypersensitivityObjectives：Based on the theory of immunology, to understand the nature and mechanism of hypersensitivity, grasp the concept of hypersensitivity, the mechanism and characteristics of various hypersensitivity, and the principles of control the common diseases with hypersensitivity.Contents：1. The concept of hypersensitive reaction; conditions of occurrence; essential process; classification2. Type I hypersensitivity: mechanism (allergen, IgE antibody, mast cells and related cells, bioactive mediators), common clinical diseases (anaphylactic shock, respiratory hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal, skin hypersensitivity), the characteristics and principles of prevention and treatment for type I hypersensitivity (search for allergen, skin test, specific desensitization therapy, drug)3. Type II hypersensitivity: mechanism of occurrence (causes of antigen, tissue and cell damage), common clinical diseases (transfusion reaction, neonatal hemolysis, immunological hemopenia, cross-reactive antigen-induced diseases, anti-receptor type II hypersensitivity reaction), and the characteristics of type II hypersensitivity reaction4. Type III hypersensitivity: mechanism of occurrence (IC deposition, tissue damage and pathogenicity caused by IC), common clinical diseases (local immune complex diseases, systemic immune complex diseases), characteristics of type III hypersensitivity5. Type IV hypersensitivity: mechanism of occurrence (relationship between type Ⅳhypersensitivity and cellular immunity); common clinical diseases (infectious hypersensitivity, contact dermatitis, others), characteristics of type IV hypersensitivityChapter 18 Immunodeficiency diseasesObjective：To understand the general characteristics and pathogenesis of immune deficiency diseases.Contents：1. The concept, classification and general features of immune deficiency.2. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: antibody (B cells) immunodeficiency (X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Selective IgA deficiency),T cell immunodeficiency (congenital thymic dysplasia, T cell activation and function deficiency.)3. Combined immunodeficiency diseases: X-linked SCID, MHC Class ⅡMolecular expression deficiency, Combined immunodeficiency with enzyme dysplasia.4. Phagocytosis and complement system deficiency.5. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome6. Detection and treatment of immunodeficiency diseases.Chapter 19 Transplantation immunityObjective：Understanding the mechanism of graft rejection and the principle of prevention and treatmentContents：1. basic concepts: transplantation immunity and related concepts.2. types of graft rejection: host versus graft reaction (HVGR), hyperacute rejection, acute rejection, chronic rejection, graft versus host reaction (GVHR).3. the mechanism of graft rejection: the genetic basis and the immunological basis of graft rejection.4. the prevention of graft rejection (prolonging graft survival rate): tissue matching, immunosuppression, and induction of transplant tolerance.Chapter 20 Tumor ImmunologyObjectives：Familiar with the basic concept of tumor immunity, to understand the immune response to tumor antigen and tumor immunological examination.Contents：1. The concept of tumor immunity: tumor antigens: according to the classification with specificity of tumor antigens (TSA, TAA), according to the classification of tumor antigen genes (the tumor antigens encoded by normal cell genes, the tumor antigens encoded by mutated genes, and the tumor antigens encoded by virus genes).2. The mechanism of anti-tumor immunity: humoral immune response, cellular immune response (T cells, NK cells, macrophages).Immunological examination and treatment of3. Diagnosis and therapy: immunological examination tumor (tumor antigen, antibody detection, radioimmunoimaging diagnosis), tumor immunology therapy (non-specific immune therapy, active immunotherapy, passive immunotherapy, immunotargeting therapy, immunotherapy, cytokine therapy, gene therapy).Chapter 21 The principles of immunological detectionObjective：Mastering the basic principles and skills of immunology detection in combination with laboratory workContents：1.Characteristics of antigen-antibody reaction and main influencing factors.2. Basic methods for the detection of antigen/antibody (types of serological reaction): agglutination (direct, indirect, indirect agglutination inhibition, co-agglutination, anti-human globulin test), precipitation reaction (one-way agarose, rocket electrophoresis, two-way agglutination, Convection immunoelectrophoresi), complement binding test, neutralization reaction (virus neutralization test, toxin neutralization test).3. Concepts and common methods of immunolabelling technique (Immunoenzyme labeling technique-ELISA, immunofluorescence technique, radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescent substance labeling technique, immunoblotting test, immunoprecipitation technique).4. Methods of detecting immune cells: isolation and identification of immune cells, determination of immune cell function, determination the function of T cell (proliferation test, cytotoxicity test and cytokine detection, and skin test), Detection of B cell function (plaque forming cell test, quantitative hemolytic spectrophotometry, ELISA) and (NK cell activity and phagocytic function).5. Application of immunological detectionChapter 22 Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyObjectives：In combination with lab work, to be familiar with the types of vaccines, master the inoculation objects, doses, methods and precautions of commonly used vaccines, and understand the types and indications of immunotherapy.Contents：1. Immunoprophylaxis: the concept and characteristics of active immunization, biological agents inducing active immunization (inactivated vaccine, live vaccine, toxoid, subunit vaccine, synthetic vaccine, genetic engineering vaccine), attention matters for artificial active immunization (recipient, dose, route, post-inoculation reaction, contraindication), concept and characteristics ofartificial passive immunity, biological agents of artificial passive immunization (antitoxin, normal human r-Globulin and fetuin, human specific Ig), attention matters for artificial passive immunization (prevention of hypersensitivity, ensure to be enough at the early stage, no abuse of r-Globulin).2. Immunotherapy: biological response modulator: ①Recombinant cytokines (IFN,ILs, CSFs, TNF), ② Chemically synthesized agents（AS-1014，MDP，ISO）, ③Microbial preparation (OK-432, BCG), ④McAb and agents crosslinking with it, ⑤Adoptive immune cells (LAK, TIL, immune cells engineered with cytokine gene). Immunosuppressant: ①Microbial preparation (CsA, FK-506), ②Chemically synthesized agents (adrenocortical steroid), ③Biological agents (ALG, Lipofectin). Immune reconstitution: ①bone marrow transplantation (allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Autologous bone marrow transplantation); and fetal liver transplantation.III. The emphases and aporia of the courseEmphases：Mastering the basic theory and skills of ImmunologyAporia：1. Understanding of the beneficial and negative effects of immune action on the body requires an overall balance between the material basis and function at the levels of organs, cells, especially molecules.2. Training the basic skills of laboratory performance.V、Practice (experiment) relevant with teaching (including experiments and laboratory performances)：VI. References：1、Kuby Immunology 7th Edition2、曹雪涛主编医用免疫学第6版3. Janeway's Immunobiology 8th Edition4. 高晓明主编《医学免疫学基础》（面向21世纪课程教材，北京医科大学出版社）。
