采矿工程专业英语翻译
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accountant: 会计accounting assistant:会计助理accounting clerk:记帐员accounting manager:会计部经理accounting stall:会计部职员accounting supervisor:会计主管administrative assistant:行政助理administration manager:行政经理administration staff :行政人员administration clerk:行政办事员advertising staff:广告工作人员actor: 男演员actress: 女演员airlines staff:航空公司职员airline representative: 地勤人员airlines sales representative:航空公司订座员application engineer:应用工程师anchor: 新闻主播announcer: 广播员architect: 建筑师archaeologist 考古学家artist: 艺术家associate professor: 副教授astropologist 人类学家astronaut: 宇航员.attendant: 服务员auditor: 审计员general auditor:审计长auto mechanic : 汽车技工baker: 烘培师ballerina 芭蕾舞星barber: 理发师(男)baseball player: 棒球选手beautician 美容师bell boy: 门童bellhop: 旅馆的行李员binman: 清洁工,垃圾工blacksmith: 铁匠bond analyst:证券分析师bond trader:证券交易员bootblack 擦鞋童botanist 植物学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家boxer: 拳击手broker (agent) : 经纪人budgeteer: 预算编制者bus driver: 公车(巴士)司机business controller:业务主管butcher: 屠夫,肉商buyer: 采购员carpenter:木匠car mechanic 汽车修理师cartoonist: 漫画家cashier: 出纳员chef: 厨师chemist : 化学师civil engineer:土木工程师civil planner 城市设计师clerk : 店员clerk typist & secretary:文书打字兼秘书clown :小丑cobbler: 制(补)鞋匠composer 作曲家computer data input operator:计算机资料输入员computer processing operator:计算机处理操作员computer system manager:电脑系统部经理computer programmer : 程序员computer engineer:计算机工程师construction worker : 建筑工人conductor 车掌cook: 厨师copywriter:广告文字撰稿人cowboy :牛仔customs officer :海关官员dancer : 舞者dentist: 牙科医生delivery boy 送报员designer: 设计师desk clerk: 接待员detective 侦探doctor: 医生door-to-door salesman: 推销员driver: 司机dressmaker 女装裁剪师dustman: 清洁工economic research assistant:经济研究助理economist 经济学家editor : 编辑electrician :电工electrical engineer:电气工程师engineer:工程师engineering technician:工程技术员export sales manager:外销部经理export sales staff:外销部职员expert on folklore 民俗学家English instructor/teacher:英语老师farmer: 农夫fashion designer: 时装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师financial controller:财务主任financial reporter:财务报告人fireman (firefighter): 消防员fisherman: 渔夫fish-monger 鱼贩florist: 花商flyer: 飞行员forman 工头Foreign minister : 外交部长F.X.(foreign exchange)clerk:外汇部职员F.X. settlement clerk:外汇部核算员Fund manager:财务经理gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant/ oil supplier : 加油工General manager/President:总经理General manager assistant:总经理助理Deputy general manager:副总经理Assistant manager:副经理Manager :经理General manager’s secretary:总经理秘书geologist : 地质学家guard :警卫guide: 导游graphic designer 美术设计员greengrocer 菜贩hair dresser: 理发师,美容师(女)hardware engineer:计算机硬件工程师housekeeper : 管家housewife : 家庭主妇Import liaison staff:进口联络员Import manager:进口部经理Insurance actuary:保险公司理赔员International sales staff:国际销售员interpreter :口译员illustrator 汇稿员janitor : 清洁工journalist: 记者judge 法官key puncher 电脑操作员lawyer :律师Legal advisor:法律顾问librarian: 图书管理员.life guard :救生员Line supervisor:生产线主管linguist 语言学家magician :魔术师Maintenance engineer:维修工程师Management consultant:管理顾问Manager for public relations:公关部经理Manufacturing worker:生产员工Manufacturing manager:制造工程师Market analyst:市场分析师Market development manager:市场开发部经理Marketing manager:市场销售部经理Marketing assistant:销售助理Marketing staff:市场销售员Marketing representative:市场代表Marketing representative manager:市场调研部经理Marketing executive:市场主管masseur : 男按摩师masseuse : 女按摩师mathematician : 数学家mechanic: 机械师,机修工Mechanical engineer:机械工程师merchant 商人miner: 矿工Mining engineer:采矿工程师milkman 送奶人model: 模特儿monk : 和尚,教士movie director: 导演movie star : 电影明星musician : 音乐家Naval architect:造船工程师public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员newscaster 新闻评论人novelist 小说家nun : 尼姑nurse: 护士Notary public:公证员office clerk : 职员office staff 上班族office girl 女记事员operator: 接线员Operational manager:业务经理parachutist: 跳伞人.publisher 出版人员pharmacist药剂师photographer:摄影师philosopher 哲学家physicist 物理学家playwright 剧作家pilot: 飞行员planner: 计划员policeman: 警察politician 政治学家postal clerk: 邮政人员poet 诗人porter 行李夫postman :邮差President: 总统priest: 牧师professor: 教授real estate agent: 房地产经纪人receptionist :接待员repairman :修理工人reporter : 记者sailor: 船员,水手salesman/ salespeople/ salesperson:售货员scientist: 科学家scholar 学者sculptor 雕刻家seamstress 女装裁缝师simultaneous 同时译员secretary: 秘书senator: 参议员singer: 歌手soldiery: 士兵,军人stenographer 速记员shorthand typist 速记打字员stewardess 空中小姐statistician : 统计员station agent 站长surveyor: 测量技师tailor: 裁缝师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师taxi driver计程车司机teacher: 教师talent 星探technician : 技术人员tour guide: 导游tracer 绘图员translator 翻译家traffic warden: 交通管理员.translator: 翻译(笔译)TV producer: 电视制作人typist: 打字员vet: 兽医veterinarian兽医waiter: 侍者(服务生)waitress: 女侍者(服务生) welder : 焊接工writer: 作家。
哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学( 含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学( 含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) 军事法学Science of Military Law 政治学Political Science 政治学理论Political Theory 中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中共党史( 含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics 国际关系学International Relations 外交学Diplomacy 社会学Sociology 社会学Sociology 人口学Demography 人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology 民族学Ethnology 马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics 中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History 中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science 教育学原理Educational Principle 课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology 教育史History of Education 比较教育学Comparative Education 学前教育学Pre-school Education 高等教育学Higher Education 成人教育学Adult Education 职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education 特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology 基础心理学Basic Psychology 发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology 应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports 体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science 体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training 民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports 文学Literature 中国语言文学Chinese Literature 文艺学Theory of Literature and Art 语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 汉语言文字学Chinese Philology 中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text 中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature 中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature 比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures 英语语言文学English Language and Literature 俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature 法语语言文学French Language and Literature 德语语言文学German Language and Literature 日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature 印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature 西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature 阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature 欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature 亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature 外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages 新闻传播学Journalism and Communication 新闻学Journalism 传播学Communication 艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory 音乐学Music 美术学Fine Arts 设计艺术学Artistic Design 戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera 电影学Film 广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art 舞蹈学Dance 历史学History 历史学History 史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science 考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology 历史地理学Historical Geography 历史文献学( 含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang) 专门史History of Particular Subjects 中国古代史Ancient Chinese History 中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History 世界史World History 理学Natural Science 数学Mathematics 基础数学Fundamental Mathematics 计算数学Computational Mathematics 概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学Applied mathematics 运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics 物理学Physics 理论物理Theoretical Physics 粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics 原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics 等离子体物理Plasma Physics 凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics 声学Acoustics 光学Optics 无线电物理Radio Physics 化学Chemistry 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry 分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry 物理化学(含化学物理) Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers 天文学Astronomy 天体物理Astrophysics 天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics 地理学Geography 自然地理学Physical Geography 人文地理学Human Geography 地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System 大气科学Atmospheric Sciences 气象学Meteorology 大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences 物理海洋学Physical Oceanography 海洋化学Marine Chemistry 海洋生理学Marine Biology 海洋地质学Marine Geology 地球物理学Geophysics 固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics 空间物理学Space Physics 地质学Geology 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学Geochemistry 古生物学与地层学(含古人类学) Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology) 构造地质学Structural Geology 第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology 生物学Biology 植物学Botany 动物学Zoology 生理学Physiology 水生生物学Hydrobiology 微生物学Microbiology 神经生物学Neurobiology 遗传学Genetics 发育生物学Developmental Biology 细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物物理学Biophysics 生态学Ecology 系统科学Systems Science 系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration 科学技术史History of Science and Technology 工学Engineering 力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics 固体力学Solid Mechanics 流体力学Fluid Mechanics 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation 机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering 机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory 车辆工程Vehicle Engineering 光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology 精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery 测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering 材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry 材料学Materialogy 材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering 冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering 冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy 钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy 有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy 动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics 热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering 流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering 制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering 化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment 电气工程Electrical Engineering电力电子与电力电工理论与新电磁场与微波信息与通信工程 通信与信息系统 信号与信息处理 模式识别与智能导航、制导与控制 计算机科学与技术 计算机软件与理论 电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation 高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation TechnologyPower Electronics and Power DrivesTheory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics 电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State ElectronicsElectromagnetic Field and Microwave TechnologyInformation and Communication Engineering Communication and Information Systems Signal and Information Processing Control Science and Engineering 控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering 检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems EngineeringPattern Recognition and Intelligent SystemsNavigation, Guidance and ControlComputer Science and TechnologyComputer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization 计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory 建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory 城市规划与设计(含风景园林规划与设计) Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design) 建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science 土木工程 Civil Engineering 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering 结构工程 Structural Engineering 市政工程 Municipal Engineering 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering 防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering 桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering 水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics 水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering 水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering 港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping 大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering 摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology 化学工程 Chemical Engineering 化学工艺 Chemical Technology 生物化工 Biochemical Engineering 应用化学 Applied Chemistry 工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering 矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology 地质工程 Geological Engineering 矿业工程 Mineral Engineering 采矿工程 Mining Engineering 矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering 安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering 石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering 油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering 油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering 油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering 纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering 纺织工程Textile Engineering 纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design 纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering 轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering 制糖工程Sugar Engineering 发酵工程Fermentation Engineering 皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering 交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering 道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control 交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management 载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering 船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure 轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering 水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering 航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design 航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering 航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle 人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering 兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology 武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology 火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering 军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics 核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology 核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering 核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials 核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications 辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection 农业工程Agricultural Engineering 农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering 农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering 农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering 农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation 林业工程Forestry Engineering 森林工程Forest Engineering 木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology 林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products 环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering 环境科学Environmental Science 环境工程Environmental Engineering 生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering 食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering 食品科学Food Science 粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products 水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products 农学Agriculture 作物学Crop Science 作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System 作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding 园艺学Horticulture 果树学Pomology 蔬菜学Olericulture 茶学Tea Science 农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学Soil Science 植物营养学Plant Nutrition 植物保护学Plant Protection 植物病理学Plant Pathology 农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学Pesticide Science 畜牧学Animal Science 动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science 动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science 草业科学Practaculture Science 特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等) The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.) 兽医学Veterinary Medicine 基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine 预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine 临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine 林学Forestry 林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding 森林培育学Silviculture 森林保护学Forest Protection 森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture 水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学Fisheries Science 水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science 渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources 医学Medicine 基础医学Basic Medicine 人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学Immunology 病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms 病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology 法医学Forensic Medicine 放射医学Radiation Medicine 航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine 临床医学Clinical Medicine 内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学) Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases) 儿科学Pediatrics 老年医学Geriatrics 神经病学Neurology 精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health 皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology 影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine 临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 护理学Nursing 外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学) Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology 眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty 耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology 肿瘤学Oncology 康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学Sports Medicine 麻醉学Anesthesiology 急诊医学Emergency Medicine 口腔医学Stomatology 口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology 口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology 公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics 劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology 军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine 中医学Chinese Medicine 中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine 中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine 中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine 方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine 中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine 中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine 中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine 中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine 中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine 中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine 中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine 针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine 民族医学Ethnomedicine 中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative 中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 药学Pharmaceutical Science 药物化学Medicinal Chemistry 药剂学Pharmaceutics 生药学Pharmacognosy 药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis 微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy 药理学Pharmacology 中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology 军事学Military Science 军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学Military Thought 军事历史学Military History 战略学Science of Strategy 军事战略学Military Strategy 战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations 联合战役学Joint Operation 军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学) Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force) 战术学Science of Tactics 合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics 兵种战术学Branch Tactics 军队指挥学Science of Command 作战指挥学Combat Command 军事运筹学Military Operation Research 军事通信学Military Communication 军事情报学Military Intelligence 密码学Cryptography 军事教育训练学(含军事体育学) Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training) 军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System 军队管理学Military Management 军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work 军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment 军事后勤学Military Logistics 后方专业勤务Rear Special Service 军事装备学Military Equipment 管理学Management Science 管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering 工商管理学Science of Business Administration 会计学Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学) Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management 技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management 农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management 农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management 林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management 公共管理学Science of Public Management 行政管理学Administration Management 社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management 教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management 图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival 图书馆学Library Science 情报学Information Science 档案学Archival Science。
LESSON 1 煤炭开采史人类首次使用煤炭的时期可能追溯到原始社会,确定这种黑色石头能够燃烧肯定是偶然的,这个现象可能是在几千年间世界上(不同地方的人们)独立发现的。
这些独立的发现极可能是这样产生的:原始人碰巧在暴露出黑色石头的矿上营火。
这是他们惊讶的发现那儿生出了火。
基督徒时代,我们在圣经上得知所罗门王(即现在的亚兰人王)时,用煤是相当熟悉的,而在此之前1100 年,中国就有使用煤炭的记录,在wales,有证据显示,在青铜时代的人们把火葬用柴堆,而且众所周知,使用了这种能源。
这儿还有其他的古代参考资料。
所以煤炭能够燃烧(甚至一些相关的应用)的知识,流传了几千年。
然而,实际上人们公认首先利用煤炭的是中世纪的英国。
在美国,有证据表明印第安人最先碰巧使用了煤炭。
然而,美国第一次有记载的利用煤炭的是人是法国探险家,他在1679 年报道了一个在伊利诺斯河边的暴露的露头。
仿效这样,其他的探险家取得了一个又一个发现,但是,第一个有记载的实际使用时在1702 年的维吉尼亚州。
早期有记载的煤炭大规模开采是1750 年。
煤田从詹姆斯河延伸到里士满伊利诺斯附近,现在那儿被遗弃了。
除了当地的消费,煤炭还被运往philadelphia,New York 和Boston. 起始,所有煤炭都是用销和钎从固体矿床上砍下来的,然后它们被工人用铲掘到篮子、箱子和推车上,运到外面或井底车场。
随后,车子有了改进,但仍需工人拽木板。
随着时间推移,铁皮,铁轨被用到矿车上,骡子矮马和普通马被用于拉运。
逐渐地,黑火药被用于爆破煤炭,但底部掏槽,侧面掏槽和钻孔仍需要人工进行,在17 世纪和18 世纪,采矿业取得一系列重大发展,1775 年,第一台蒸汽机在英国被瓦特发明,它被用于抽出开采过程中的地下水,非常重要的,它使矿井有可能开采更深的部分,第一条轨道修成了,第一台用煤的蒸汽机车在1814 年的英国被乔治。
斯蒂芬逊改进了,第一辆电动机车在1883 年的德国用于地下交通。
accountant: 会计accounting assistant:会计助理accounting clerk:记帐员accounting manager:会计部经理accounting stall:会计部职员accounting supervisor:会计主管administrative assistant:行政助理administration manager:行政经理administration staff :行政人员administration clerk:行政办事员advertising staff:广告工作人员actor: 男演员actress: 女演员airlines staff:航空公司职员airline representative: 地勤人员airlines sales representative:航空公司订座员application engineer:应用工程师anchor: 新闻主播announcer: 广播员architect: 建筑师archaeologist 考古学家artist: 艺术家associate professor: 副教授astropologist 人类学家astronaut: 宇航员.attendant: 服务员auditor: 审计员general auditor:审计长auto mechanic : 汽车技工baker: 烘培师ballerina 芭蕾舞星barber: 理发师(男)baseball player: 棒球选手beautician 美容师bell boy: 门童bellhop: 旅馆的行李员binman: 清洁工,垃圾工blacksmith: 铁匠bond analyst:证券分析师bond trader:证券交易员bootblack 擦鞋童botanist 植物学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家boxer: 拳击手broker (agent) : 经纪人budgeteer: 预算编制者bus driver: 公车(巴士)司机business controller:业务主管butcher: 屠夫,肉商buyer: 采购员carpenter:木匠car mechanic 汽车修理师cartoonist: 漫画家cashier: 出纳员chef: 厨师chemist : 化学师civil engineer:土木工程师civil planner 城市设计师clerk : 店员clerk typist & secretary:文书打字兼秘书clown :小丑cobbler: 制(补)鞋匠composer 作曲家computer data input operator:计算机资料输入员computer processing operator:计算机处理操作员computer system manager:电脑系统部经理computer programmer : 程序员computer engineer:计算机工程师construction worker : 建筑工人conductor 车掌cook: 厨师copywriter:广告文字撰稿人cowboy :牛仔customs officer :海关官员dancer : 舞者dentist: 牙科医生delivery boy 送报员designer: 设计师desk clerk: 接待员detective 侦探doctor: 医生door-to-door salesman: 推销员driver: 司机dressmaker 女装裁剪师dustman: 清洁工economic research assistant:经济研究助理economist 经济学家editor : 编辑electrician :电工electrical engineer:电气工程师engineer:工程师engineering technician:工程技术员export sales manager:外销部经理export sales staff:外销部职员expert on folklore 民俗学家English instructor/teacher:英语老师farmer: 农夫fashion designer: 时装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师financial controller:财务主任financial reporter:财务报告人fireman (firefighter): 消防员fisherman: 渔夫fish-monger 鱼贩florist: 花商flyer: 飞行员forman 工头Foreign minister : 外交部长F.X.(foreign exchange)clerk:外汇部职员F.X. settlement clerk:外汇部核算员Fund manager:财务经理gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant/ oil supplier : 加油工General manager/President:总经理General manager assistant:总经理助理Deputy general manager:副总经理Assistant manager:副经理Manager :经理General manager’s secretary:总经理秘书geologist : 地质学家guard :警卫guide: 导游graphic designer 美术设计员greengrocer 菜贩hair dresser: 理发师,美容师(女)hardware engineer:计算机硬件工程师housekeeper : 管家housewife : 家庭主妇Import liaison staff:进口联络员Import manager:进口部经理Insurance actuary:保险公司理赔员International sales staff:国际销售员interpreter :口译员illustrator 汇稿员janitor : 清洁工journalist: 记者judge 法官key puncher 电脑操作员lawyer :律师Legal advisor:法律顾问librarian: 图书管理员.life guard :救生员Line supervisor:生产线主管linguist 语言学家magician :魔术师Maintenance engineer:维修工程师Management consultant:管理顾问Manager for public relations:公关部经理Manufacturing worker:生产员工Manufacturing manager:制造工程师Market analyst:市场分析师Market development manager:市场开发部经理Marketing manager:市场销售部经理Marketing assistant:销售助理Marketing staff:市场销售员Marketing representative:市场代表Marketing representative manager:市场调研部经理Marketing executive:市场主管masseur : 男按摩师masseuse : 女按摩师mathematician : 数学家mechanic: 机械师,机修工Mechanical engineer:机械工程师merchant 商人miner: 矿工Mining engineer:采矿工程师milkman 送奶人model: 模特儿monk : 和尚,教士movie director: 导演movie star : 电影明星musician : 音乐家Naval architect:造船工程师public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员newscaster 新闻评论人novelist 小说家nun : 尼姑nurse: 护士Notary public:公证员office clerk : 职员office staff 上班族office girl 女记事员operator: 接线员Operational manager:业务经理parachutist: 跳伞人.publisher 出版人员pharmacist药剂师photographer:摄影师philosopher 哲学家physicist 物理学家playwright 剧作家pilot: 飞行员planner: 计划员policeman: 警察politician 政治学家postal clerk: 邮政人员poet 诗人porter 行李夫postman :邮差President: 总统priest: 牧师professor: 教授real estate agent: 房地产经纪人receptionist :接待员repairman :修理工人reporter : 记者sailor: 船员,水手salesman/ salespeople/ salesperson:售货员scientist: 科学家scholar 学者sculptor 雕刻家seamstress 女装裁缝师simultaneous 同时译员secretary: 秘书senator: 参议员singer: 歌手soldiery: 士兵,军人stenographer 速记员shorthand typist 速记打字员stewardess 空中小姐statistician : 统计员station agent 站长surveyor: 测量技师tailor: 裁缝师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师taxi driver计程车司机teacher: 教师talent 星探technician : 技术人员tour guide: 导游tracer 绘图员translator 翻译家traffic warden: 交通管理员.translator: 翻译(笔译)TV producer: 电视制作人typist: 打字员vet: 兽医veterinarian兽医waiter: 侍者(服务生)waitress: 女侍者(服务生)welder : 焊接工writer: 作家初夏早上六点,清亮透明的月儿还躲藏在云朵里,不忍离去,校园内行人稀少,我骑着单车,晃晃悠悠的耷拉着星松的睡眼。
精心整理accountant: 会计accounting assistant:会计助理accounting clerk:记帐员accounting manager:会计部经理accounting stall:会计部职员accounting supervisor:会计主管administrative assistant:行政助理baker: 烘培师ballerina 芭蕾舞星barber: 理发师(男)baseball player: 棒球选手beautician 美容师bell boy: 门童bellhop: 旅馆的行李员binman: 清洁工,垃圾工blacksmith: 铁匠bond analyst:证券分析师bond trader:证券交易员bootblack 擦鞋童botanist 植物学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家computer system manager:电脑系统部经理computer programmer : 程序员computer engineer:计算机工程师construction worker : 建筑工人conductor 车掌cook: 厨师copywriter:广告文字撰稿人cowboy :牛仔customs officer :海关官员dancer : 舞者dentist: 牙科医生delivery boy 送报员designer: 设计师desk clerk: 接待员detective 侦探doctor: 医生door-to-door salesman: 推销员florist: 花商flyer: 飞行员forman 工头Foreign minister : 外交部长F.X.(foreign exchange)clerk:外汇部职员F.X. settlement clerk:外汇部核算员Fund manager:财务经理gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant/ oil supplier : 加油工General manager/President:总经理General manager assistant:总经理助理Deputy general manager:副总经理Assistant manager:副经理Manager :经理General manager’s secretary:总经理秘书geologist : 地质学家guard :警卫linguist 语言学家magician :魔术师Maintenance engineer:维修工程师Management consultant:管理顾问Manager for public relations:公关部经理Manufacturing worker:生产员工Manufacturing manager:制造工程师Market analyst:市场分析师Market development manager:市场开发部经理Marketing manager:市场销售部经理Marketing assistant:销售助理Marketing staff:市场销售员Marketing representative:市场代表Marketing representative manager:市场调研部经理Marketing executive:市场主管masseur : 男按摩师masseuse : 女按摩师office clerk : 职员office staff 上班族office girl 女记事员operator: 接线员Operational manager:业务经理parachutist: 跳伞人.publisher 出版人员pharmacist药剂师photographer:摄影师philosopher 哲学家physicist 物理学家playwright 剧作家pilot: 飞行员planner: 计划员policeman: 警察politician 政治学家postal clerk: 邮政人员shorthand typist 速记打字员stewardess 空中小姐statistician : 统计员station agent 站长surveyor: 测量技师tailor: 裁缝师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师taxi driver计程车司机teacher: 教师talent 星探technician : 技术人员tour guide: 导游tracer 绘图员translator 翻译家traffic warden: 交通管理员. translator: 翻译(笔译)。
职业的英语单词有哪些Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理Copywriter广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager副总经理Economic Research Assistant经济助究助理Electrical Engineer电气工程师Engineering Technician工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher英语教师Export Sales Manager外销部经理Export Sales Staff外销部职员Financial Controller财务主任Financial Reporter财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员Fund Manager财务经理General Auditor审计长General Manager/ President总经理General Manager Assistant总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer (计算机)硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager经理Manager for Public Relations公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff (项目)策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购(进货)员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research&.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer (计算机)软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive 电讯(电信)员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator文字处理操作员。
公共管理学专业英语词汇目标mission/ objective 内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织 organizing人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique经理 manager 总经理 general manager 行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor 企业 enterprise 商业 business产业 industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家 entrepreneur 权利 power职权 authority 职责 responsibility 科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive法律 law 法规 regulation 经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory经验法 the empirical approach 人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach 集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach 系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach 管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach 人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology 态度 attitude 压力 pressure 冲突 conflict招聘 recruit 鉴定 appraisal 选拔 select 培训 train报酬 compensation 授权 delegation of authority 协调 coordinate 业绩 performance 考绩制度 merit system 表现 behavior 下级 subordinate 偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record 误工记录 record of labor-hours lost 销售量 sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑 fear 忿恨 resentment 士气 morale 解雇 layoff批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure 规则 rule规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买 acquisition 增长目标 growth goal 专利产品 proprietary product 竞争对手 rival 晋升 promotion 管理决策 managerial decision 商业道德 business ethics 有竞争力的价格 competitive price 供货商 supplier 小贩 vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策 derivative policy 开支帐户 expense account 批准程序 approval procedure病假sick leave 休假vacation 工时labor-hour 机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay 现金流量 cash flow 工资率 wage rate 税收率 tax rate 股息 dividend 现金状况 cash position 资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget 资产负债表 balance sheet 可行性 feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者 practitioner 最终结果 end result 业绩 performance个人利益 personal interest 福利 welfare 市场占有率 market share 创新 innovation 生产率 productivity 利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility 董事会 board of director 组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化 organizational culture 目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool 激励方法 motivational techniques 控制手段 control device 个人价值personal worth 优势strength 弱点weakness 机会opportunity 威胁threat个人责任 personal responsibility 顾问 counselor 定量目标 quantitative objective 定性目标 qualitative objective 可考核目标 verifiable objective 优先 priority 工资表payroll 策略strategy 政策policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification 评估 assessment 一致性 consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负aspiration 偏见 prejudice 审查 review 批准 approval 主要决定 major decision 分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix 明星 star 问号 question mark 现金牛 cash cow 赖狗 dog 采购 procurement 人口因素 demographic factor 地理因素 geographic factor 公司形象 company image产品系列 product line 合资企业 joint venture 破产政策 liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics 追随 followership个性individuality 性格personality 安全safety 自主权latitude 悲观的pessimistic 静止的 static 乐观的 optimistic 动态的 dynamic 灵活的 flexible 抵制resistance 敌对antagonism 折中eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要 security needs 生理的需要 physiological needs 维持maintenance 保健hygiene 激励因素motivator 概率probability 强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈 feedback 奖金 bonus 股票期权 stock option 劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励reward 特许经营franchise 热诚 zeal 信心 confidence 鼓舞 inspire 要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty 奉献 devotion 作风 style 品质 trait适应性 adaptability 进取性 aggressiveness 热情 enthusiasm毅力 persistence 人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence 专制式领导 autocratic leader 民主式领导 democratic leader 自由放任式领导 free-rein leader 管理方格图 the managerial grid 工作效率 work efficiency 服从 obedience 领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership 参与型领导 participative leadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction HCI人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research,development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人. Foreign ExchangeClerk 外汇部职员. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research&.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯电信员Telephonist / Operator 接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturingcad/cam计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话 consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者 chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权 cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理 comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准 confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现 corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应 critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产 collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体 collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性 centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权 democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化 differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法 division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动 dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络 domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉 divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略 decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processingedp 电子数据处理 employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权 encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统 entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产 equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值 ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论 expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心 external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者 extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官 external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段 entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团 financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构 flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论 formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估 franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段 functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论 general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者 general manager 总经理globalization 全球化 gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网 global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境 generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合 global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应 heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度 hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型 hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触 high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理 income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换 infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程 intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计 internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习 intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬 inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合 interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突 interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点 intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者 incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述 job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化 job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换 job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区 key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数 laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产 lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格 least preferred co-workerlpc最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力 liability 负债liaison 联络者 line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性 liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术 losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理 Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管 management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planningMRP 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观 multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司 moral rules 道德准则management by walking aroundMBWA 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构 multinational enterpriseMNE 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义 mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理 meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnave relativism 朴素相对主义 need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化 norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策 nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术 niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训 on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算 order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统 organizational developmentOD 组织发展orientation 定位 outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务 organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾 paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾 paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾 paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率 participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型 peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committeesPACs 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者 portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资 positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性 profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策 psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式 personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存 professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别 problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量 quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场 quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job previewRJP 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术 retention 保留rational approach 理性方法 rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本 sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练 sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化 single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法 situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论 sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产 sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度 staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划 step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则 stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段 strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系 strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施 strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变 satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统 subunits 子单位synergy 协同 system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度 sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队 specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构 task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性 task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格 total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理 training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序 transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导 treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论 two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻 unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子 variety 变量valence 效价 variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通 vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训 volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接 venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境 win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力 work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成 work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifferencearea of acceptance 无差异区域可接受区域。
acco untant: 会计acco un ting assista nt : 会计助理acco unting clerk: 记帐员acco un ti ng man ager :会计部经理acco un ti ng stall: 会计部职员acco un ti ng supervisor :会计主管admi ni strative assista nt: 行政助理admi nistrati on man ager: 行政经理admi ni strati on staff :行政人员admi ni strati on clerk :行政办事员advertis ing staff: 广告工作人员actor: 男演员actress: 女演员airli nes staff: 航空公司职员airli ne represe ntative: 地勤人员airli nes sales represe ntative: 航空公司订座员applicati on engin eer: 应用工程师an chor: 新闻主播announ cer: 广播员architect: 建筑师archaeologist 考古学家artist: 艺术家associate professor: 畐寸教授astropologist 人类学家astronaut: 宇航员.atte ndant: 服务员auditor: 审计员gen eral auditor: 审计长auto mecha nic : 汽车技工baker: 烘培师balleri na 芭蕾舞星barber: 理发师(男)baseball player: 棒球选手beauticia n 美容师bell boy:门童bellhop: 旅馆的行李员binman: 清洁工,垃圾工blacksmith: 铁匠bond an alyst: 证券分析师bond trader: 证券交易员bootblack 擦鞋童bota nist 植物学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家 boxer: 拳击手 broker (age nt ): 经纪人 budgeteer: 预算编制者 bus driver: 公车(巴士)司机bus in ess con troller: 业务主管 butcher: 屠夫,肉商 buyer: 采购员 carpe nter: car mecha nic carto oni st: cashier: 木匠 汽车修理师 漫画家 出纳员 chef: 厨师 chemist : civil engin eer: 土木工程师 civil pla nner化学师 城市设计师 clerk : 店员 clerk typist &secretary: clown : 小丑 cobbler: 制(补)鞋匠 composer 作曲家 computer data in put operator:computer process ing operator: computer system man ager: computer programmer : 文书打字兼秘书 计算机资料输入员 计算机处理操作员 电脑系统部经理 程序员 computer engin eer: 计算机工程师 con struct ion worker : con ductor 车掌 cook: 厨师 copywriter: 广告文字撰稿人 cowboy :牛仔 customs officer : 海关官员 dancer: den tist: delivery boy desig ner: desk clerk: detective doctor: door-to-door salesma n: driver: 司机 dressmaker 女装裁剪师 dustma n: 清洁工econo mic research assista nt: econo mist 经济学家 editor : 编辑 建筑工人 I 1 舞者 牙科医生 送报员 设计师 接待员 侦探 医生 推销员 经济研究助理electricia n : 电工electrical engin eer: 电气工程师engin eer: 工程师engin eeri ng tech nician: 工程技术员export sales man ager: 夕卜销部经理export sales staff: 外销部职员expert on folklore 民俗学家En glish in structor/teacher: 英语老师farmer: 农夫fashi on desig ner: 时装设计师fashi on coord in ator 时装调配师finan cial con troller: 财务主任finan cial reporter: 财务报告人firema n (firefighter): 消防员fisherma n: 渔夫fish-m on ger 鱼贩florist:花商flyer: 飞行员forma n 工头Foreig n mini ster : 夕卜交部长F.X.(foreign excha nge)clerk: 外汇部职员F.X. settleme nt clerk: 外汇部核算员Fund man ager: 财务经理garde ner 花匠(园丁)gas stati on atte ndant/ oil supplier : Gen加油工eral man ager/Preside nt: 总经理Gen eral man ager assista nt: 总经理助理Deputy gen eral man ager: 副总经理Assista nt man ager: 副经理Man ager :经理Gen eral man ager ' secretary:总经理秘书geologist : 地质学家guard : 警卫guide: 导游graphic desig ner 美术设计员gree ngrocer 菜贩hair dresser: 理发师,美容师(女)hardware engin eer: 计算机硬件工程师housekeeper : 管家housewife : 家庭主妇Import liais on staff: 进口联络员Import man ager: 进口部经理In sura nee actuary: 保险公司理赔员Intern atio nal sales staff: 国际销售员in terpreter : 口译员illustrator 汇稿员jani tor : 清洁工journalist: 记者judge 法官key pun cher 电脑操作员lawyer :律师Legal advisor: 法律顾问librarian: 图书管理员.life guard :救生员Line supervisor: 生产线主管lin guist 语言学家magicia n : 魔术师Maintenance engin eer: 维修工程师Man ageme nt con sulta nt: 管理顾问Man ager for public relati ons: 公关部经理Manu facturi ng worker: 生产员工Manu facturi ng man ager: 制造工程师Market an alyst: 市场分析师Market developme nt man ager: 市场开发部经理Marketi ng man ager: 市场销售部经理Market ing assista nt: 销售助理Marketi ng staff: 市场销售员Marketi ng represe ntative: 市场代表Marketi ng represe ntative man ager: 市场调研部经理Marketi ng executive: 市场主管masseur : 男按摩师masseuse : 女按摩师mathematicia n : 数学家mechanic: 机械师,机修工Mecha ni cal engin eer: 机械工程师mercha nt 商人mi ner: 矿工Mining engin eer: 采矿工程师milkma n 送奶人model: 模特儿mo nk : 和尚,教士movie director: 导演movie star : 电影明星musicia n : 音乐家Naval architect: 造船工程师public serva nts 公务员n atio nal public serva nt 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员n atio n railroad man 国营铁路职员n ewscaster 新闻评论人novelist 小说家nun : 尼女古nu rse: 护士Notary public: 公证员office clerk : 职员office staff 上班族office girl 女记事员operator: 接线员Operatio nal man ager: 业务经理parachutist: 跳伞人.publisher 出版人员pharmacist 药剂师photographer: 摄影师philosopher 哲学家physicist 物理学家playwright 剧作家pilot:飞行员pla nner: 计戈U员policema n: 警察politicia n 政治学家postal clerk: 邮政人员poet 诗人porter 行李夫postma n :由E差Preside nt:总统priest:牧师professor: 教授real estate age nt: 房地产经纪人recepti onist : 接待员repairma n : 修理工人reporter : 记者sailor:船员,水手salesma n/ salespeople/ salespers on:scie ntist: 科学家售货员scholar 学者sculptor 雕刻家seamstress 女装裁缝师simulta neous 同时译员secretary: 秘书sen ator: 参议员sin ger: 歌手soldiery: 士兵,军人ste no grapher 速记员shortha nd typist 速记打字员stewardess 空中小姐statisticia n : 统计员stati on age nt 站长surveyor: 测量技师tailor: 裁缝师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师taxi driver 计程车司机teacher: 教师tale nt 星探tech ni cia n : 技术人员tour guide: 导游tracer 绘图员tran slator 翻译家traffic warden: 交通管理员.tran slator: 翻译(笔译)TV producer: 电视制作人typist: 打字员vet: 兽医veteri naria n 兽医waiter: 侍者(服务生)waitress: 女侍者(服务生)welder : 焊接工writer: 作家。
accountant: 会计accounting assistant:会计助理accounting clerk:记帐员accounting manager:会计部经理accounting stall:会计部职员accounting supervisor:会计主管administrative assistant:行政助理administration manager:行政经理administration staff :行政人员administration clerk:行政办事员advertising staff:广告工作人员actor: 男演员actress: 女演员airlines staff:航空公司职员airline representative: 地勤人员airlines sales representative:航空公司订座员application engineer:应用工程师anchor: 新闻主播announcer: 广播员architect: 建筑师archaeologist 考古学家artist: 艺术家associate professor: 副教授astropologist 人类学家astronaut: 宇航员.attendant: 服务员auditor: 审计员general auditor:审计长auto mechanic : 汽车技工baker: 烘培师ballerina 芭蕾舞星barber: 理发师(男)baseball player: 棒球选手beautician 美容师bell boy: 门童bellhop: 旅馆的行李员binman: 清洁工,垃圾工blacksmith: 铁匠bond analyst:证券分析师bond trader:证券交易员bootblack 擦鞋童botanist 植物学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家boxer: 拳击手broker (agent) : 经纪人budgeteer: 预算编制者bus driver: 公车(巴士)司机business controller:业务主管butcher: 屠夫,肉商buyer: 采购员carpenter:木匠car mechanic 汽车修理师cartoonist: 漫画家cashier: 出纳员chef: 厨师chemist : 化学师civil engineer:土木工程师civil planner 城市设计师clerk : 店员clerk typist & secretary:文书打字兼秘书clown :小丑cobbler: 制(补)鞋匠composer 作曲家computer data input operator:计算机资料输入员computer processing operator:计算机处理操作员computer system manager:电脑系统部经理computer programmer : 程序员computer engineer:计算机工程师construction worker : 建筑工人conductor 车掌cook: 厨师copywriter:广告文字撰稿人cowboy :牛仔customs officer :海关官员dancer : 舞者dentist: 牙科医生delivery boy 送报员designer: 设计师desk clerk: 接待员detective 侦探doctor: 医生door-to-door salesman: 推销员driver: 司机dressmaker 女装裁剪师dustman: 清洁工economic research assistant:经济研究助理economist 经济学家editor : 编辑electrician :电工electrical engineer:电气工程师engineer:工程师engineering technician:工程技术员export sales manager:外销部经理export sales staff:外销部职员expert on folklore 民俗学家English instructor/teacher:英语老师farmer: 农夫fashion designer: 时装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师financial controller:财务主任financial reporter:财务报告人fireman (firefighter): 消防员fisherman: 渔夫fish-monger 鱼贩florist: 花商flyer: 飞行员forman 工头Foreign minister : 外交部长F.X.(foreign exchange)clerk:外汇部职员F.X. settlement clerk:外汇部核算员Fund manager:财务经理gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant/ oil supplier : 加油工General manager/President:总经理General manager assistant:总经理助理Deputy general manager:副总经理Assistant manager:副经理Manager :经理General manager’s secretary:总经理秘书geologist : 地质学家guard :警卫guide: 导游graphic designer 美术设计员greengrocer 菜贩hair dresser: 理发师,美容师(女)hardware engineer:计算机硬件工程师housekeeper : 管家housewife : 家庭主妇Import liaison staff:进口联络员Import manager:进口部经理Insurance actuary:保险公司理赔员International sales staff:国际销售员interpreter :口译员illustrator 汇稿员janitor : 清洁工journalist: 记者judge 法官key puncher 电脑操作员lawyer :律师Legal advisor:法律顾问librarian: 图书管理员.life guard :救生员Line supervisor:生产线主管linguist 语言学家magician :魔术师Maintenance engineer:维修工程师Management consultant:管理顾问Manager for public relations:公关部经理Manufacturing worker:生产员工Manufacturing manager:制造工程师Market analyst:市场分析师Market development manager:市场开发部经理Marketing manager:市场销售部经理Marketing assistant:销售助理Marketing staff:市场销售员Marketing representative:市场代表Marketing representative manager:市场调研部经理Marketing executive:市场主管masseur : 男按摩师masseuse : 女按摩师mathematician : 数学家mechanic: 机械师,机修工Mechanical engineer:机械工程师merchant 商人miner: 矿工Mining engineer:采矿工程师milkman 送奶人model: 模特儿monk : 和尚,教士movie director: 导演movie star : 电影明星musician : 音乐家Naval architect:造船工程师public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员newscaster 新闻评论人novelist 小说家nun : 尼姑nurse: 护士Notary public:公证员office clerk : 职员office staff 上班族office girl 女记事员operator: 接线员Operational manager:业务经理parachutist: 跳伞人.publisher 出版人员pharmacist药剂师photographer:摄影师philosopher 哲学家physicist 物理学家playwright 剧作家pilot: 飞行员planner: 计划员policeman: 警察politician 政治学家postal clerk: 邮政人员poet 诗人porter 行李夫postman :邮差President: 总统priest: 牧师professor: 教授real estate agent: 房地产经纪人receptionist :接待员repairman :修理工人reporter : 记者sailor: 船员,水手salesman/ salespeople/ salesperson:售货员scientist: 科学家scholar 学者sculptor 雕刻家seamstress 女装裁缝师simultaneous 同时译员secretary: 秘书senator: 参议员singer: 歌手soldiery: 士兵,军人stenographer 速记员shorthand typist 速记打字员stewardess 空中小姐statistician : 统计员station agent 站长surveyor: 测量技师tailor: 裁缝师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师taxi driver计程车司机teacher: 教师talent 星探technician : 技术人员tour guide: 导游tracer 绘图员translator 翻译家traffic warden: 交通管理员. translator: 翻译(笔译)TV producer: 电视制作人typist: 打字员vet: 兽医veterinarian兽医waiter: 侍者(服务生) waitress: 女侍者(服务生) welder : 焊接工writer: 作家。
采矿工程专业英语专业:矿业工程姓名:常晓贇学号:1370845Page1:Evidence of early copper mining exists in many parts of the world . For example , a recent archeometallurgical expedition has uncovered a prehistoric mining complex at PhuLon(“Bald Mountain”)on the Mekong River in Thailand , that ma y be dated as early as 2000BC.Workers at this complex used massive river cobble mauls to break the friable skarn matrix that held squatz veins rich in malachite (Pigott, 1988). The world's oldest known copper smelting furnace,dating to 3500BC, has been found near the modern Timna copper mine in Israel (Raymond , 1986).在世界上许多地方都有早期铜开采存在的证据。
例如,最近一个冶金考古探险队发现了一个史前采矿综合体在在泰国湄公河的PhuLon(“秃山”)上,这可能要追溯到公元前2000年。
工人们用大量鹅卵石撞击易碎的富含孔雀石的矽卡岩脉石(Pigott,1988)。
世界上已知的最古老的铜矿石冶炼炉可以追溯到公元前3500年,它被发现是在以色列的现在亭纳铜矿(Raymond,1986)。
The link between native copper and malachite might well have been suggested to Neolithic man by the common association of these two forms of the metal in outcrops.But the process by which he then learned how to extract copper from the malachite remains an historic mystery . One suggested answer is that both metal smelting and pottery making appeared to have evolved about the same time . The potter , the first technician in the management of heat , had under his control all the materials and conditions necessary for smelting copper(Raymond, 1986).自然铜矿和孔雀石之间的联系更可能被新石器时代的人建议为这两种金属露头形式之间常见的关联。
但是他们如何学会从孔雀石中提取铜的过程仍然是一个历史之谜。
一个可能的答案是金属冶炼和陶器制作都是在同一时期出现的。
陶器制作,第一个在高温下来操作的技术,它对于控制所有材料和条件成为冶炼铜的必要条件(Raymond,1986)。
Room-and-Pillar Mining:In the method known as room-and-pillar mining ,the ore body is excavated as completely as possible , leaving parts of the ore as pillars to support the hanging wall .The dimensions of the stopes and pillars depend upon factors such as the stability of the hanging wall, the stability of the ore ,the thickness of the deposit, and the rock pressure . Generally , the objective is to extract the ore as completely as possible without jeopardizing working conditions or personnel safety . Typically , the pillars are arranged in a regular pattern, and they can be circular , square , or shaped as longitudinal walls that separate the stopes .房柱采矿法:作为房柱采矿法,矿体要尽可能地被完全挖掘,留下一部分矿石作为支柱来支撑顶板。
采场和支柱的尺寸取决于顶板的稳定性、矿石的稳定性、矿体的厚度和岩石压力等因素。
一般来说,目标是在没有危害的的工作条件和人员安全的条件下尽可能完全地开采矿石。
通常情况下,支柱以规则形状排列,它们可以是圆形,方形,或者与采场分离的纵向壁排列形状。
Although some of the ore left in the pillars can be extracted by “robbing”as a final operation in the mine , the ore in the pillars usually is regarded as nonrecoverable .虽然留在支柱中的一些矿石可以在最后的开采中被作为“揩油”开采出来,但是支柱中的矿石通常被视为不可回收的。
The slope of the pit wall is one of the major elements affecting the size and shape of the pit .The pit slope help determine the amount of waste that must be moved to mine the ore . The pit slope is usually expressed in degrees from the horizontal plane .露天矿边坡的坡度是影响露天矿大小和形状的主要因素之一。
露天矿边坡帮助确定开采矿石中必须移除走的废石量。
露天矿边坡角通常是表示为边坡和水平面的夹角。
A pit wall needs to remain stable as long as mining activity is in that area. The stability of the pit walls should be analyzed as carefully as possible . Rock strength ,faults , joints , presence of water ,and other geologic information are key factors in the evaluation of the proper slope angle . The slope may be stated as a simple , overall average for the pit (e.g,45°),but a more detailed study may show that the physical characteristics of the deposit cause the pit slope to change with rock type , sector location, elevation , or orientation within rock the pit.Fig.2 illustrates how the pit slopes may vary in the deposit .只要在采矿活动区内露天矿边坡必须保持稳定。
露天矿边坡稳定性必须要尽可能仔细地分析。
岩石强度,断层,节理,含水状态和其他地质信息是评价合适边坡角的关键因素。
露天边坡角可以是一个简单的,整体平均值(比如,45°),但是一个更加详细的研究表明矿石的物理特性引起露天矿边坡角随着岩石的种类、扇形位置,海拔或岩石倾向改变。
图2演示了露天边坡角如何随着矿体改变。
A proper slope evaluation will give the slopes that allow the pit walls to remain stable .The pit walls should be set as steep as possible to minimize the strip ratio . The pit slope analysis determines the angle to be used between the roads in the pit . The overall pit slope used for design must be flatter to allow for the road system in the ultimate pit.一个合适的边坡角评估将使露天矿边坡保持稳定。
露天矿边坡应该设计地尽可能陡以减小剥采比。
露天矿边坡分析决定露天矿道路的角度。
整体露天矿边坡角的设计必须符合允许最终境界的道路系统。
In practice neither the grades nor the economic variable are known . Two broad approaches have been proposed for using geostitistical simulations to take account of the uncertainty on the resources . Dowd(1994),Rossi and van Brunt (1997) and Thwaite(1998)generated several conditional simulations of the orebody and optimized the pit for each one . When it became possible to generate far more simulations , Dimitrakopoulos, Farelly and Godoy (2002)proposed generating the pit contour using the kriged orebody model, then running the economic analysis for each simulation . See also Kent , Peattie and Chamberlain (2007) . The next step was to include the uncertainty on the economic variables by stochastic simulations of prices and costs(Nicolas et al , 2007; Armstrong, Galli and Ndiaye,2009; Abdel Sabour and Dimitrakopoulos,2009).在实际中品位和经济变量都不是已知的。