湖南师范大学2022年考博英语试题

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A cycle ride walk or swim at least three times a week will ______ your circulation and help maintain a healthy bloom.问题1选项A.boostB.heightenpelD.renew【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项boost“促进”；B选项heighten“提高”；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项renew“更换；重新开始”。

句意：每周至少骑三次自行车，散步或游泳，可以______你的血液循环，帮助保持健康的血液循环。

横线处和your circulation“你的血液循环”形成动宾关系，只有A选项boost“促进”符合题意。

因此A选项正确。

2.翻译题The educated man is presumed to know what is wrong in the world, and what should be done to rectify it. If his education has amounted to anything, it should have increased his ability to think clearly and scientifically, and thus to know how to get at the cause and effect of political, social, economic industrial evils. No man has right to consider education as merely a personal benefit enabling him to be more prosperous and happy in the world. He must look upon it as imposing upon him a responsibility to increase the welfare of others. Too many regard it as their own possession, and do not realize that it is something to be shared with others, and to be used for good of society at large. 【答案】受过教育的人被认定能辨别是非, 并能正确改正。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The teacher was in a rage with him, for his handwriting in the composition was （） .问题1选项A.illegibleB.incomprehensibleC.inaudibleD.decipherable【答案】A【解析】illegible难以辨认的, 字迹潦草的；incomprehensible费解的, 不可思议的；inaudible听不见的；decipherable可辨认的, 可解密的。

句意：老师对他很生气, 因为他的作文字迹潦草。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题______ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?问题1选项A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。

句意：你不是经常告诉我们个人的利益应该从属于集体的利益吗？sb. used to do“某人过去常常做某事”，其一般疑问句为did sb. use to do；sb. be used to (doing) sth.“习惯于（做）某事”，其一般疑问句为be动词提前；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。

结合语境，这里指的是过去常常告诉我们某事，C选项Did you use符合题意。

因此C选项正确。

3.单选题In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and（）by means of wooden paddles.问题1选项A.dockedB.propelledC.chokedD.perceived【答案】B【解析】dock使靠码头；propel推进, 驱使；choke阻塞, 抑制；perceive觉察, 感知。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Nylon is a (n)（）material; it can be used to make a great many things.问题1选项poundB.imitationC.versatileD.crystal【答案】C【解析】compound复合的；imitation人造的，仿制的；versatile多用的，万能的；crystal水晶的，透明的。

根据下句：尼龙可以用来做很多东西，说明尼龙用途广泛，选项C符合句意。

2.单选题We shall probably never be able to（） the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertrmC.ascertainD.notify 【答案】C【解析】assert断言，声称；inform通知；ascertain探明，确定；notify通知，公布。

句意：我们可能永远无法确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera through the videoconferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and physical （1） can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very （2） and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the（3） behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works. Good people communication is（4） in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your （5） will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note （6） expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meeting are made more（7）by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot （8） . （9）, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to （10） essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.问题1选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题2选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题3选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题4选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题5选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题6选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.conceptsM.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题7选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题8选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题9选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题10选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important【答案】第1题:C第2题:I第3题:L第4题:O第5题:G第6题:E第7题:B第8题:F第9题:N第10题:J【解析】（1）分析句子结构可知填空处应填入名词, 再由句意可知, 被拍摄且传输应该是images, 所以选项C正确。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We shall probably never be able to（） the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertrmC.ascertainD.notify【答案】C【解析】assert断言，声称；inform通知；ascertain探明，确定；notify通知，公布。

句意：我们可能永远无法确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题Among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some kind of ceremony that express group（）of the union.问题1选项A.opinionB.consistencyC.insistenceD.approval 【答案】D【解析】opinion观点, 主张；consistency一致性, 相容性；insistence坚持, 强调；approval批准, 认可, 赞同。

句意：在所有社会中, 合法的婚姻通常伴随着某种仪式, 表达群体对婚姻的认可。

选项D符合语境。

3.单选题Back in 1992, Thomas Edison predicted that “the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and .... in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks.” Well, we all make mistakes. But at least Edison did not squander vast quantities of public money on installing cinema screens in schools around the country.With computers, the story has been different. Many governments have packed them into schools, convinced that their presence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Large numbers of studies, some more academically respectable than others, have purported to show that computers help children to learn. Now, however, a study that compares class with computers against similar classes without them casts doubt on that view.In the current Economic Journal, Joshua Angrist of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Victor Lavy of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem look at a scheme which put computers into many of Israel’s primary and middle schools in the mid-1990s. Dr Angrist and Dr Lavy compare the test scores for math and Hebrew achieved by children in the fourth and eighth grades (ie, aged about nine and 13) in schools with and without computers. They also asked the classes’ teachers how they used various teaching materials, such as Xeroxed worksheets and, of course, computer programs. The researchers found that the Israeli scheme had much less effect on teaching methods in middle schools than in elementary schools. It also found no evidence that the use of computers improved children’s test scores. In fact, it found the reverse. In the case of the math scores of fourth-graders, there was a consistently negative relationship between computer use and test scores.The authors offer three possible explanations of why this might be. First, the introduction of computers into classrooms might have gobbled up cash that would otherwise have paid for other aspects of education. But that is unlikely in this case since the money for the programmer came from the national lottery, and the study found no significant change in teaching resources, methods or training in schools that acquired computers through the scheme.A second possibility is that the transition to using computers in instruction takes time to have an effect. Maybe, say the author, but the schools surveyed had been using the scheme’s computers for a full school year. That was enough for the new computers to have had a large (and apparently malign) influence on fourth-grade math scores. The third explanation is the simplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.The bottom line, says Dr Angrist, is that “the costs are clear-cut and the benefits aremurky”. The burden of proof now lies with the promoters of classroom computers. And the only reliable way to make their case is ,surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers who use computers and teachers who use other methods, including the cheapest of all: chalk and talk.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（）.2.Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy have done the following except（）.3.According to Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy, in the Israeli scheme, students didn’t make improvement in their test scores because（）.4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（）.5.The author’s attitude towards governments’ packing computers in schools seems to be（）.问题1选项A.motion picture has revolutionized education systemB.Edison’s prediction has been proved wrongC.Edison encouraged schools to install cinema screensD.Schools are cautious about Edison’s idea问题2选项paring the test scores of students in different age groups.B.interviewing teachers about their teaching methods.unching the computer program in many Israeli schools.D.explaining students’ school performance.问题3选项A.other aspects of education were affected due to cash shortageB.it was not long enough for the program to take effectC.there was a negative relationship between computer use and test scoresD.the use of computer was no better than other teaching methods问题4选项A.there hasn’t been a proper study on this issue yetB.school authorities should provide proof to support the computer programC.installing computers in schools costs too much, but has little or no effectD.chalk and talk work better than computer in teaching问题5选项A.biasedB.indifferentC.disapprovingD.puzzling【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Professor Hawking is（）as one of the world’s greatest living physicists.问题1选项A.dignifiedB.clarifiedC.acknowledgedD.illustrated【答案】C【解析】dignify使高贵，授予荣誉；clarify澄清，阐明；acknowledge承认，认可；illustrate阐明，举例。

句意：霍金教授被公认是当今世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。

选项C符合语境。

2.翻译题参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。

他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。

胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。

有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。

成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。

然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。

【答案】To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. Ever better—the ideal always luring a sportsman forward. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. Thousands of losers set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. This is the rule of sports. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.3.单选题He gave us an（）consent to take the apples, for he smiled when he saw us do it问题1选项A.exaggeratedB.implicitC.impartialD.extravagant【答案】B【解析】exaggerated夸张的；implicit含蓄的, 暗示的；impartial公正的；extravagant奢侈的, 浪费的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题After hydrogen, helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. But how do astronomers know that? It might seem that the philosopher Auguste Comte was on solid ground when he stated in 1844 that, because of the remoteness of the stars, we could never know their chemical composition. Yet only a few years later chemists discovered that under the proper circumstances every element emits a certain combination of colors of light that can identify it, just as your fingerprints can identify you. By analyzing the light coming from stars, astronomers have been able to identify the different chemical elements in the stars and in cosmic space, as well as their relative quantities. It is an interesting historical note that helium was actually found on the sun, in 1868, before it was found on earth, in the 1890s. (The name helium comes from the Greek world hellos, meaning “sun”)The central principle of chemistry is that all matter is composed of atoms. These atoms emit the colors of light that characterize each element. Each atom consists of a nucleus, or positively charged core, and around this nucleus are electrons, which are negatively charged particles. The characteristic light emitted by an atom gives us information about the arrangement of electrons about the atomic nucleus. This arrangement determines the chemical properties of the atom.The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of one of its atoms. The atomic number is a fundamental property, because it also equals the number of electrons around the nucleus in the normal (electrically neutral) atom, and these electrons determine the atom’s chemical properties. The periodic table of the elements (that is, their arrangement into the rows and columns based on their chemical and physical properties) is a result of the way the electrons are arranged in the atoms, and this arrangement or structure depends on the number of electrons and thus on the atomic structure.1.In this passage, fundamental means（）.2.The author’s purpose in this passage is to（）.3.Auguste Comte said that we could never know the composition of the stars because they are （）.4.According to the passage, a central principle of chemistry is that（）.5.The tone of this passage can best be described as（）.6.The organizational pattern of the first paragraph of this passage is（）.7.The author explains the characteristic pattern of color emitted by each element by comparing this pattern to（） .问题1选项A.firstB.heavyC.basicD.early问题2选项A.persuadermC.entertainD.tell a story问题3选项A.moving away from usB.very far awayC.very hotD.made of helium问题4选项A.different atoms emit different color of lightB.the sun contains heliumC.the atomic number is a fundamental propertyD.all matter is composed of atoms问题5选项A.objectiveB.poeticC.hostileD.opinionated问题6选项A.chronological orderB.spatial orderC.definitionD.example illustration问题7选项A.the scales of a fishB.the feathers of a birdC.a footprintD.a fingerprint.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D【解析】1.词汇题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In Briton the robin is a small bird, but its（）in America is much large.问题1选项A.speciesB.counterpartC.analogyD.category【答案】A【解析】句意：在英国知更鸟是一种小鸟, 但在美国它的物种要大得多。

species物种, 种类；counterpart 相似物；analogy 类比, 类似；category种类, 分类。

选项A形容生物种类, 所以选项A正确。

2.单选题Saving money regularly during one’s working years will help to（）one’s old age from want.问题1选项A.safeguardB.assureC.guardD.guarantee 【答案】A【解析】safeguard保护，保卫；assure保证，确保；guard防卫；guarantee保证，担保。

safeguard...from...为固定搭配，表示“保护...使免于...”，句意：工作的时候定期存钱，有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题Even sensible men do（） things sometimes.问题1选项A.abruptB.absurdC.acuteD.apt【答案】B【解析】abrupt生硬的，唐突的；absurd荒谬的，可笑的；acute严重的，激烈的；apt恰当的，灵敏的。

句意：即使明智的人有时也会做荒唐的事。

选项B符合语境。

4.单选题A magician’s talk creates a（）of attention so that people do not see how he does his tricks. 问题1选项A.vacuumB.concentrationC.divisionD.diversion【答案】D【解析】vacuum真空；concentration集中；division区分；diversion转移，分散注意力。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The research in areas of human ______ and exploration suggests that these characteristics arise from both intrinsic motivations or drives to gain information and extrinsic explorative behavior.问题1选项A.orderlinessB.curiosityC.innocenceD.shyness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项orderliness“整洁，整齐；秩序井然”；B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C选项innocence“清白，无罪；天真无邪”；D选项shyness“羞怯”。

句意：人类______和探索领域的研究表明，这些特征来自于获取信息的内在动机或驱动，以及外在的探索行为。

横线处与后面的“探索领域”是并列主语，与获取信息和探索对应度最高的是好奇心，B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合题意。

因此B选项正确。

2.单选题I think she hurt my feelings（）rather than by accident as she claimed.问题1选项A.virtuallyB.literallyC.appropriatelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】根据下半句“rather than by accident..”可推测, “我认为她是故意伤害我的感情而不是她声称的偶然伤害”。

所以选项D符合语境。

3.单选题One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he（）almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city.问题1选项A.asks afterB.runs forC.brings upD.takes after【答案】A【解析】ask after探问, 问候；run for竞选；bring up提出；take after与…相像。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t（）much interest in his studies with the result that he fails in exams time and again.问题1选项A.indicateB.exertC.manifestD.express【答案】D【解析】express an interest in... 为固定搭配，意为“对...表现出兴趣”。

所以选项D正确。

2.单选题______ the way, we set of on foot into the dark night.问题1选项A.The guide ledB.With the guide leadingC.With the guide to leadD.With the guide lead 【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。

句意：在向导的带领下，我们徒步走进了黑夜。

A选项The guide led放进来题目构成两个独立且完整的句子，语法错误。

逗号前是句子的状语部分，guide和lead是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，B选项With the guide leading正确。

C选项With the guide to lead不定式形式表目的，D选项With the guide lead过去分词形式表被动。

因此B选项正确。

3.单选题Though fined several times, he still （）no importance to his old habits.问题1选项A.adheresB.clingsC.sticksD.attaches【答案】D【解析】attach importance to为固定搭配, 意为“重视, 注意”。

句意：尽管被罚了几次款, 他仍然不重视他的旧习惯。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A magician’s talk creates a（）of attention so that people do not see how he does his tricks. 问题1选项A.vacuumB.concentrationC.divisionD.diversion【答案】D【解析】vacuum真空；concentration集中；division区分；diversion转移，分散注意力。

句意：魔术师的谈话转移了人们的注意力，使人们看不见他是如何表演魔术的。

选项D符合句意。

2.单选题Originally designed as work clothes for miners, jeans are now worm by all segments of society, their appeal ______ by their comfort and affordability.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.corrodedplicatedD.broadened 【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项overwhelmed“（感情或感觉）充溢，难以禁受；击败，征服”；B选项corroded“腐蚀，侵蚀”；C选项complicated“使复杂”；D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”。

句意：牛仔裤最初是为矿工设计的工作服，现在受到社会各阶层的追捧，它的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而______。

这里要填的是牛仔裤的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而怎么样，D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”符合题意，也对应前面牛仔裤受欢迎的特点。

因此D选项正确。

3.单选题The elegant decorations （）the gym into a starlit ballroom.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transferredC.transcendedD.transformed【答案】D【解析】transplant移植, 迁移；transfer转让, 移交；transcend胜过, 超越；transform改变, 转换。