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TOEFL听⼒选项原则（适⽤于PART A）1．迅速看选项，找出其中相同、相似、相关的东西，确定场景，预测内容。
2．排除不符合TOEFL思路的选项，排除不合逻辑、常识的选项，排除读起来拗⼝的选项。
3．注意选项中的主谓及标志词。
Δ主语（题）做题法：4个选项主语不⼀致的时候，只要找对与对话中的主语⼀致的，即为正确答案。
Δ标志词：如shuold表⽰“建议”，agree表⽰“同意”等等。
4．注意意思相反的两个选项，正确选项必居其⼀。
5．注意相似的两个选项6．注意有同义词的选项。
7．注意有反义词的选项。
8．注意有同形异义词的选项。
如：A. go to the park B. park the car park在对话中的含义不⼀样。
9．注意数字及数字所修饰的名词n.10．在⼩对话题中听见什么不选什么。
TOEFL段落题题⽬特征：对话2个，passage3个，⼀般⼀段4个问题。
开头⼀条，结尾⼀条，终结两条。
开头：IC句题：开头句型，开头语⽓和原词，重复率⾼的词：原词的数/概念的重复。
场景：who what where why中段：细节题结尾题TOEFL段落题解题思路：1．确定段落的主题（找相同相似相关的东西）2．反推段落的问题如果两个选项相似，正确答案必居其⼀段落第⼀条是n./名词性短语，则是IC题段落中间是n/名词性短语，只要⽂中提到，就是正确答案。
即：听到什么选什么。
TOEFL对话段落题的题型：1．所听即所选（93、5、36）2．重复原则，重复多的就是答案（93、5、37）3．强调原则，强调多的就是答案（93、5、38）4．建议原则，有建议的就是考点。
5．对话题结构特点：开头：打招呼后，信息作为开头。
结尾：最后⼀句。
TOEFL错题原因：慢热（听时不看） Part A⾛神（延长时间）连错（学会放弃）读题（先紧后松）⽼题重要题型：中间带but转折题：1．语⽓转折： 90.1.33/96.12.A142．表单词多种含义 89.8.24/96.10.A2对⼀般疑问句的回答:1．听清第⼆句开头的短结构 89、8、322．间接回答⼀定表⽰反对 96、10、A123．听不懂没关系（第⼆句长⽽绕），选⼀个否定答案就可以 96、8、30 4．第⼀句语调特征：最后为升调5．第⼆句习语。
TOEFL——Listening目标27.5分83%的正确率=10题只可以错2题分类无加时加时时间60分钟80分钟篇数Conversations 2篇Lectures 4篇Conversations 3篇Lectures 6篇组成1个Conversation+2个Lectures=1个Section2个Sections 3个Sections题数Conversations 每个5题，共10题Lectures 每个6题，共24题共34题Conversations 每个5题，共15题Lectures 每个6题，共36题共51题听力用时每个讲座或对话长度为3—6分钟总分30分做题用时1个Section=10分钟答题每题30秒时间作答内容Conversations 校园生活场景Lectures 包罗万象科目，入门级别·答题策略：1、细听文章：每篇文章只听一次2、图片帮助理解：开头图片显示对话所处情景（如教室或学校办公室）和讲话的人其他图片（更换时会哔声提示）有助于理解段落内容3、边听边记笔记※笔记要点：1.洞悉要点出现规律2.简化笔记，减轻压力，着重理解（1）围绕一个中心话题发散的思路：使用速记符号因果∵∴举例eg：对比=、≈、≠、＞、＜、vs 分类①②③时间↑↓问答Q: A：建议sug：、→（2）其他内容：①常用熟悉的内容：可用中文写②关键而不熟悉的内容：写前两个音节③前文出现过的内容:箭头标示不重复④文中强调的内容：△、☆4、浏览问题，判断问题类型5、仔细考虑每个问题，选择问题最佳答案：只有一次回答机会，不可返回修改6、注意答题时间，所有题目都要答完Conversations:·对话发生的两个场景1、办公室：可能涉及学术内容或与课程要求有关。
2、学生服务：一般发生在大学校园中，常为非学术性内容·基本结构：P=problem C=cause S=suggestion/solution A=attitude·Basic Vocab:1、学习thesis学位论文、essay一般议论文、dissertation英式论文、paper论文、assignment作业、lab report实验报告、research report调查报告、grade成绩、presentation陈述、grading system评分体制、seminar研讨会、quiz测试、exam考试2、选课credit学分、major专业、minor辅修专业、required course必修课、intermediate course、elective/optional course选修课、prerequisite course预修课程、take选、drop弃选retake重选、introductory course基础入门课、advanced course高级课程3、论文term paper学期报告、topic、abstract摘要、introduction介绍、literature review文献综述、body正文、conclusion结语、bibliography/reference参考文献outline大纲、format格式、preliminary research前导性研究、research data、statistics、draft草稿、analyze/analysis、rewrite、revise修订、due到期的、submit/hand in提交4、图书馆publication出版簿、academic journal学术报刊、periodical期刊、back issue过期报刊、current issue近期杂志、book catalogue图书目录、title index索引、alphabetical index字母索引、call number编目号码、reserved books馆藏书、on reserve预留制度、borrowing privileges优先借书、reference room阅览室、facilities设施、circulation借书柜台、electronic sources电子设备资源、library database、reference参考书、check out借出、overdue过期的、overdue fine过期罚金、suspend禁用、renew续借5、学校tuition、register/registration、registrar注册主任、enroll、student’s union学生会、council、association学生会、board董事会、president校长、dean院长、faculty教职工、staff/personnel 人员、bulletin公告栏、fellowship（研究成果奖学金）、financial aid助学金、transfer转学Lectures:·对话发生的场景：老师课堂授课·话题类型：1、Arts艺术：Architecture建筑、Industrial design/art工业设计/艺术、City planning城市规划Crafts手工艺（weaving纺织，knitting编织，fabrics织物，furniture家具，carving雕刻、mosaics镶嵌工艺品，ceramics陶瓷工艺，folk and tribal art民间艺术和部落艺术）Cave/rock art岩洞/石壁艺术、Music and music history音乐和音乐史、Photography摄影、Literature and authors文学和作家Books书籍,newspapers报纸,magazines杂志,journals期刊2、Life Science生命科学Extinction of or conservation efforts for animals and plants动植物的灭绝或保护Fish and other aquatic organisms鱼类和其他水生生物Bacteria and other one-called organisms细菌和其他单细胞生物Viruses病毒、Medical techniques医疗技术、Public health公共卫生、Physiology of sensory organs感觉器官的生理机能、Biochemistry生物化学、Animal behavior动物行为(migration迁徙,food foraging觅食,defenses防御行为)Habitats and the adaptation of animals and plants to them动植物的栖息地以及动植物对栖息地的适应Nutrition and its impact on the body营养及其对机体的影响Animal communication动物交流3、Physical Science自然科学Weather and atmosphere天气和大气、Oceanography海洋学、Glaciers冰川,glacial landforms冰川地形,ice ages冰河纪、Deserts and other extreme environments沙漠和其他极端环境Pollution污染,alternative energy替代能源,environmental policy环境政策Other planets’ atmospheres其他星球的环境Astronomy and cosmology天文学和宇宙学、Properties of light,optics光的特性、光学、Properties of sound声的特性、Electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射、Particle physics粒子物理学、Technology of TV,radio,radar电视、广播和雷达技术Seismology(plate structure,earthquakes,tectonics,continental drift,structure of volcanoes) 地震学：板块结构、地震、构造地质学、大陆漂移、火山结构4、Social Science社会科学Anthropology of nonindustrialized civilizations非工业化文明社会的人类学Early writing systems早期文字系统、Historical linguistics历史语言学Business商业,management管理,marketing市场,accounting会计TV/radio as mass communication作为大众传媒的电视/电台Child development儿童发展、Education教育Social behavior of groups,community dynamics,communal behavior群体的社会行为、群落动态、集群行为Modern history (including the history of urbanization and industrialization and their economic and social effects)现代历史，包括城市化和工业化的历史及其带来的经济和社会影响·考查：与细节相关联的点，题目基于各个段落·要点：理清段落结构；划分段落；筛选关键信息·Basic structure：Term术语Definition定义/Characteristic特征Example例子Option见解在Lecture中1、注意材料中professor提到的新词或新概念，通常会写在黑板上2、注意整个讲座的组织结构以及讲座内容是如何衔接的·题型概要：1、基本理解：主旨、细节2、实际理解：目的、态度3、信息连结：组织结构、推断题型1——内容主旨题·考查：理解主旨大意，总体内容·题目类型：1、What problem does the man have?2、What are the speakers mainly discussing?3、What is the main topic of the lecture?·方法：1、要对听到的信息进行归纳总结2、排除只涉及局部听力材料的选项3、利用笔记：确定于笔记细节最为贴切的主题，选择与主题最接近选项题型2——目的主旨题·考查：对话或讲座的目的·题目类型：1、Why does the student visit the professor?2、Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?3、Why did the professor ask to see the student?4、Why does the professor explain X?·方法：1、此类问题较有可能出现在对话中，偶尔会出现在讲座中、2、情景：学生去办公室找教授；教授邀请学生来办公室讨论作业情况等3、利用笔记：在笔记中找寻信息以明确最初目的是什么4、对话的目的并不总是跟对话的主要内容相关5、学生服务对话情景：学生经常试图解决一个问题。
新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。
新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。
2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。
只得先听，后读，再选。
考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。
⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。
⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。
每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。
（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。
对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。
对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。
形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。
新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。
因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢；特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor say this？”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。
托福听力2大高频热点题型出题思路指点托福听力2大高频热点题型出题思路指点你会做细节题主旨题吗?托福听力细节题特点提问方式介绍托福听力中的细节是指具体的信息，例如说话人提及的事实、描述、定义和例子等。
细节题特点：细节题要求考生重现对话或讲座中的具体信息，不需要做过多的推测基于ETS考察内容是和主旨有关的重要细节。
我们在听的过程中需要把握的往往是和考点相联系的重要信号词，比如说表示因果的so, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果关系典型提问模式：What does the woman suggest the man do?What help did the young man receive? Click on two answers。
Select the diagram that represents ????According to the instructor, what characteristic should ?.... have?How did the professor introduce ??.. ?According to the speaker, what does ??? mean?According to the prof essor, why is A superior to B?托福听力主旨题细节题特点提问方式介绍IBT听力主旨题考查把握谈话或演讲的主要内容的能力。
对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能进一步去理解细节，做推断。
主旨题特点：通常是对一个谈话或演讲的主要内容的综合概括。
在一段长演讲中，通常会有两个或以上的主要表述内容，但这些内容往往是相互关联的，它们互相补充构成一个完整的主题。
典型提问形式：托福听力主旨题的问题常常以特殊疑问词开头，例如：What is the subject of the conversation?Why did the man go to see the professor?What are the man and the woman discussing?What is the woman’s problem?What is the lecture mainly about?What is the professor mainly discussing?What aspect of ?? does the instructor mainly discuss?托福备考之独立写作满分范文task：People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福备考之独立写作满分范文：Why People Attend College or University?There are many advantages to a college or university education. Students have ample opportunity to explore a variety of interests, increase both their general and specific knowledge, prepare for a chosen career and develop independence. All of these are valuable goals to achieve, but it is my belief that most students today pursue higher education insgroupsto prepare for their future careers.In the past, only the rich and privileged had the opportunity to attend a university and their goals were very different. Coming from wealthy families, few of them would have to compete for a job after graduation, and most wished only to be considered well-educated. Today’s students are more practical. They must be able to compete in a very competitive job market; therefore, a practical education is very important.Furthermore, higher education is a big investment and so most students want to get all they can out of it. For these students, it is better to have clearly defined career and education goals rather than to try and find themselves in college. Of course, all students want to increase their knowledge, but I believe that most students today want that knowledge to be relevant to their future careers.The world has changed a great deal since universities were established. They are still wonderful places for acquiring broad knowledge and for personal development. However, in today’s competitive world these pursuits must be balanced with the pursuit of more specific goals. That is why I think most students view higher education as a valuable tool in career preparation.托福备考之独立写作满分范文task：It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.托福备考之独立写作满分范文：Both the countryside and an urban environment have many things to offer. Many important museums and cultural venues can be found in the city. There is also often good access toeducational resources and a wide variety of job opportunities. However, the countryside offers a more relaxed and peaceful way of life. Communities are often close-knit and secure. Although both environments offer good opportunities for development, it is my opinion that life in the countryside is more beneficial for children.One important advantage of raising children in the countryside is that the environment is cleaner and healthier. With fresh air to breathe, less crowded living conditions, and more chances to take part in physical exercise, children in the country are usually healthier than those in the city. Another advantage of country living is safety. There is not only less crime in the countryside, but also fewer traffic accidents. Parents do not need to worry so much when their children are playing outside. A third advantage is the stronger sense of community in the country. Children know their neighbors and learn to care about others at an early age. Finally, a country upbringing allows children to experience a more natural environment without all the distractions of entertainment places in the city. Thus, they can concentrate on their schoolwork and their families.Due to the great number of advantages in raising children inthe country, I believe it is better for children to grow up there rather than in a city. Without all the dangers and distractions of city life, they will grow up healthier and better grounded in the moral values of their culture.托福备考之独立写作满分范文task：People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福备考之独立写作满分范文：People attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons. I believe that the three most common reasons are to prepare for a career, to have new experiences, and to increase their knowledge of themselves and the world around them.Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary reason to go to college, They know that the job market is competitive. At college, they can learn new skill for careers with a lot of opportunities. This means careers, such as information technology, that are expected to need a large workforce in the coming years.Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences. This often means having the opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns. For most students, going to college is the first time they've been away from home by themselves. In additions, this is the first time they've had to make decisions on their own. Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves.Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their knowledge in subjects they find interesting. For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about something that doesn't relate to their career.I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career. They should go to college to have new experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in.。
赵东坡五步精听法：解决你托福听力差的问题
一、听力有多难？
1、中国学生的托福分数，听力单项历来垫底，基本上难上20分
2、英语口语、写作综合题里边的听力比听力单项还难
3、文章一看就懂，一听就不明白
二、为啥听力这么难？
1、是否自己好好练过听力？做题不等于练习，对照自己，看一下您是否可以精确的知道自己的练习时间和练习内容。
2、了解听力到底练什么？练习的声音声音所代表的意思你对声音的反应
三. 了解问题
1.听力词汇：听力词汇指的是听的过程中能够反映出来的词汇，不是单纯英语词汇。
2.辨音：听力首先就是辨音，能不能听清楚，对不同口音的适应能力，对连读缩读弱读的熟悉等。
3.扩大意义单元：你是以单词为单位反映意思，还是句子甚至意群？
4.声音代表意思：你听到的英语发音，在脑海里等同于意思吗？听写出来的句子，就算写对了，能即刻知道意思是什么吗？
四、赵东坡五步精听练习法，搞定英语听力
1、预听
2、通读原文（查生词、找难点、做标记）
3、学会翻译，建立意义单元（逐句逐句翻译，5-8分钟做完）
4、跟读（逐句模仿发音，形成对音的记忆--整段跟读--脱稿练习）
5、精听练习，每天20篇以上。
