最新unit_1--新西方托福听力课件[最新]教学讲义ppt

新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。

新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。

2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。

只得先听，后读，再选。

考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。

⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。

⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。

每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。

（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。

对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。

对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。

形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。

新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。

因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢；特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor say this？”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查 文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5. 新托福考试题型概述6. 界面展示7. IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式●not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读●for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读●I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.●Not at all.●Rush hour.●This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do.●Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读●Some money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读●Be on time●An apple a day keeps the doctor away（4）H连读●I lent him a book.●Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?●The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.●I must have left my keys at my sister’s house.●She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读●【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your●【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you●【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year●【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because you●Example: won’t you, don’t you, didn’t you, haven’t you, hadn’t you, wouldn’t you,weren’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, Iuse your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象●Sit down, good night, friendly●-this calculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来●I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d●Doesn’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t●Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题●I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s●We’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll●Can’t, weren’t, won’t, are n’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t●Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：●stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the trainto Paris（2）代词弱化：●Phone us when you are free.●I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：●Please give me some cream and sugar.●Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r】音问题●Idea, really●They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A) They went to the dormitory.(B) They didn’t go to the dormitory.●-The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December.-What does the man mean?(A) it is typical December weather for this region.(B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o】【a:】●Glass, class, fast●Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况●Neither如何解决英美音问题●常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot●不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall●常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinary, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题●Method- methodically●校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography如何解决词性变音问题8. Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题●Sitcom●Chem lab●prof如何解决词性缩写问题●Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课Demo = demonstration 演示●Memo = memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息●Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学●Comm. = commerce 商业Tech = technology 技术●Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室●M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士● B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士●alga = algebra 代数学、代数anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖●archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑arith = arithmetic 算术、算术●astron = astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程●electr = electricity电学、电fin = finance财政学、财政●geol = geology地质学、地质geom = geometry几何学、几何●gram = grammar文法hist = history历史、史●ling = linguistics语言学、语言maths = mathematics数学、数学●mech = mechanics 机械学、机械med = medical医学、医●met = meteorology气象学、气象myth = mythology 神话●phil = philosophy哲学phon = phonetics 语言学、语言●photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理●physiol = physiology生理学、生理pol = politics政治学、政治●psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题●逗号原则●1,234,567,890:新托福听力记笔记NOTE TAKING记笔记的两种形式符号●＞: surpass, exceed●＜:less than●＝: equal to, the same as●≠: difference●↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve●↓: decrease, fall, worsen●＋: plus, add, besides, moreover●－: minus, deduct, except●→: result in, lead to●←: originate from, date back to●√: correct, good, positive, affirmative●×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative●☆: outstanding, elite●∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as●∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence●∑: total, amount●γ: government缩写●able?BL: PRBL，RSBL，DBL●ing?G: SHPG●tion?N: OPTN，NAN●ment?T: AGRMT●ize?Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ●tive?TV: EFCTV，●ful?FL: SCFL●less?LS: RGDLS●ent/ant?T: URGT●al/ial?L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bach elor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。

Conversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程•required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的•optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课•introduction, introductory, intro初级•mid, medium level, intermediate中级•advanced高级•preliminary预备级•seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼•3 图书馆•library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务•reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment section•check out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先•4 论文•Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿•bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊•display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源•published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏•5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记•Discourse Markers•Introducing•In my talk today•My topic today is•Today, we are going to discuss •Today, I’ll go over•The purpose of my talk today is•Today we are going to look at•Giving background Information•It is clear•It goes without saying•It is understood•As we know•As we have all read•Defining•X can be defined as•X is known as•X is a type of•X is actually•Just what is meant by•Listing•First•First and foremost•Next•Another•To begin with•Second•The next point I’d like to cover•finally•Showing a connection•Pertaining to in connection with•Classifying•There are X types/ categories/ varieties of •X can be divided into•Giving examples•For example•For instance•X is a case in point•Take X for instance•Take X, for example•The following are some common examples •Let me give you some specific examples •Emphasizing•The crucial point•I’d like to emphasize•We should bear in mind that •Fundamentally•I want to stress•Furthermore•What’s more•This goes to show that•In effect•Least we forget•It is worth mentioning that•It follows, then•Clarifying•In other words•That is to say•Basically•If we put it another way•i.e.•What I mean to say is•Let me put it anther way •Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics •Now•All right•OK•Let’s now look at it•Now, I’d like to turn to•The next point I’d like to focus on •Moving on•All that aside•In this respect•Giving further information•In addition•Furthermore•Another point•Moreover•Not only…but also•Also•On top of that•As well•Giving contrast information•Although•However•On the other hand•Whereas•Despite•nevertheless•Giving an opinion•As far as I’m concerned•In my opinion•If it were up to me•According to•If you ask me•In my mind•Setting parameters•In terms of in the scope of •Digressing•By the way•Before I forget•Incidentally•Concluding•We’ve seen that•In conclusion, I’d like to•In short•To sum up•Let me end by saying•Any question?•All in all•Commonly Used Expression• A point of contention•After all is said and done•All the more•And so on• A cross purpose•At the onset•Back and forth•Foot the bill•Get a grasp of•Get the ball rolling•Subject of disagreement•After all debate is finished•Even more•Etcetera•In contradiction to each other’s intent •At the beginning•Going and returning•Pay all•To understand•start•Give rise to•Hardly the case•In a fix•In a nutshell•Instead of•It’s all or nothing•It’s all very well and good •Miss the point•No matter•On the condition•Owing to•Part and parcel of•Cause•Not the situation at all•In a bad or difficult situation •Here is the basic point•Rather than•Completely or not at all•There is nothing wrong with •Not understand•It really isn’t important•If/ depending on•Due to• A necessary and important element •Poke holes in•Practically speaking•Slowly but surely•Stem from•Supposing that•That isn’t to say•The upshot of•Turning point•When it comes down to it•With the aim of•Without regard to•Wrap up•Under no circumstances•Find something wrong with •Talking common sense•Done carefully over time •Come from•What if•It doesn’t mean•The consequence or result•An important point of change in direction or meaning •The truth is•Having the goal of•Ignoring•Finishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s own feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论 CONVERSATION 文章思路LECTURE 文章思路第1页5. 新托福考试题型概述第2页第3页6. 界面展示第4页7. IBT 新托福资料说明——听力部分第5页托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式● not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读● for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读● I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride. ● Not at all. ● Rush hour.● This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do. ● Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读● So me money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读● Be on time（4） H 连读● I lent him a book.● Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?● The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.● I must have left my keys at my sister’s house. ● She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读● 【t 】+【j 】=【ch 】：meet you, hurt you, that your ● 【d 】+【j 】=【dg 】：would you, hand your, did you ● 【s 】+【j 】=【sh 】：miss you, this year ● 【z 】+【j 】=【g 】：as usual, because you● Example: won ’t you, don ’t you, didn ’t you, haven ’t you, hadn ’t you, wouldn ’t you,weren ’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I use your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p 】，【b 】，【t 】，【d 】，【k 】，【g 】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象● Sit down, good night, friendly ● -this ca lculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来● I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d ● Doesn ’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t● Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题● I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s● We ’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll ● Can ’t, weren’t, won’t, aren’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t ● Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：● stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：● Phone us when you are free. ● I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：● Please give me some cream and sugar. ● Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r 】音问题● Idea, really● They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A They went to the dormitory. (B They didn’t go to the dormitory.● -The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean?(A it is typical December weather for this region.(B such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o 】【a:】● Glass, class, fast ● Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况● Neither如何解决英美音问题● 常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot● 不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall● 常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinarity, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题● Method- methodically● 校园词汇的变音：meterology, economics, geography 如何解决词性变音问题● Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical, wild-wildness8. 缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题● Sitcom ● Chem lab ● prof如何解决词性缩写问题● Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示Memo =memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息 Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学 Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术 Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室 M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士 B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖 archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术 astron= astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程 electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance 财政学、财政 geol = geology 地质学、地质 geom = geometry 几何学、几何 gram = grammar 文法 hist = history历史、史 ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学 mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医 met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话 phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言 photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理 physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治 psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题● 逗号原则● 1,234,567,890:● ＝: equal to, the same as ● ≠: difference● ↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve ● ↓: decrease, fall, worsen● ＋: plus, add, besides, moreover ● －: minus, deduct, except ● →: result in, lead to● ←: originate from, date back to● √: correct, good, positive, affirmative ● ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative ● ☆: outstanding, elite● ∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as● ∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence ● ∑: total, amount ● γ: government 缩写● able BL: PRB L， RSBL ，DBL ● ing G: SHPG ● tion N: OPTN，NAN ● ment T: AGRMT ● ize Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ ● tive TV: EFCTV，● ful FL: SCFL ● less LS: RGDLS ● ent/ant T: URGT ● al/ial L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M 原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。