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TOEFL学习资料听力05TOEFL学习资料听力051. (A) Discuss the situation with the person in charge of the dormitory.(B) Ask her roommate not to make so much noise.(C) Go to bed after midnight.(D) Send a letter to the residents.2. (A) Now he understands the system.(B) He has no use for technology.(C) He has to do some calculations.(D) He doesn't know how to operate the computer.3. (A) He's growing very quickly.(B) He's the tallest of three boys.(C) He can jump high.(D) He has to leave today at three.4. (A) Nothing can help Debra pass the exam.(B) Debra doesn't need to study at all.(C) Being well rested will help Debra on the exam.(D) Debra should get some fresh air in the morning.5. (A) The woman's roommate went to get it.(B) It was sent to the woman's roommate by mistake.(C) The woman picked it up at the post office.(D) The postal service delivered it to the woman's house.6. (A) He has to wash a thousand dishes.(B) He has more dishes than his brother.(C) His brother takes too much time washing the dishes.(D) He has asked his brother to wash the dishes many times.7. (A) He'd like to reschedule the party.(B) He and Jill aren't free next week.(C) He's not sure if Jill is available on Friday.(D) He doesn't know what to bring to the party.8. (A) The bicycle is being repaired.(B) The bicycle is new.(C) She lent the bicycle to a friend.(D) The bicycle is parked outside.9. (A) She wanted to visit Joe's home.(B) She doesn't understand why Joe left without her.(C) Joe should take a taxi to her house.(D) Joe didn't want to take the taxi to his house.10. (A) He has always admired her.(B) He wishes he could spend more time with her.(C) She's taller than he is.(D) She looks very different from him.11. (A) Train service will return to normal in a few days.(B) It's better to tak。
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查 文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5. 新托福考试题型概述6. 界面展示7. IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式●not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读●for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读●I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.●Not at all.●Rush hour.●This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do.●Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读●Some money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读●Be on time●An apple a day keeps the doctor away（4）H连读●I lent him a book.●Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?●The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.●I must have left my keys at my sister’s house.●She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读●【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your●【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you●【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year●【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because you●Example: won’t you, don’t you, didn’t you, haven’t you, hadn’t you, wouldn’t you,weren’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, Iuse your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象●Sit down, good night, friendly●-this calculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来●I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d●Doesn’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t●Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题●I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s●We’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll●Can’t, weren’t, won’t, are n’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t●Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：●stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：●Phone us when you are free.●I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：●Please give me some cream and sugar.●Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r】音问题●Idea, really●They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A) They went to the dormitory.(B) They didn’t go to the dormitory.●-The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December.-What does the man mean?(A) it is typical December weather for this region.(B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o】【a:】●Glass, class, fast●Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况●Neither如何解决英美音问题●常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot●不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall●常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinary, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题●Method- methodically●校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography如何解决词性变音问题8. Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题●Sitcom●Chem lab●prof如何解决词性缩写问题●Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课Demo = demonstration 演示●Memo = memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息●Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学●Comm. = commerce 商业Tech = technology 技术●Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室●M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士● B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士●alga = algebra 代数学、代数anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖●archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑arith = arithmetic 算术、算术●astron = astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程●electr = electricity电学、电fin = finance财政学、财政●geol = geology地质学、地质geom = geometry几何学、几何●gram = grammar文法hist = history历史、史●ling = linguistics语言学、语言maths = mathematics数学、数学●mech = mechanics 机械学、机械med = medical医学、医●met = meteorology气象学、气象myth = mythology 神话●phil = philosophy哲学phon = phonetics 语言学、语言●photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理●physiol = physiology生理学、生理pol = politics政治学、政治●psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题●逗号原则1,234,567,890:新托福听力记笔记NOTE TAKING记笔记的两种形式符号●＞: surpass, exceed●＜:less than●＝: equal to, the same as●≠: difference●↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve●↓: decrease, fall, worsen●＋: plus, add, besides, moreover●－: minus, deduct, except●→: result in, lead to●←: originate from, date back to●√: correct, good, positive, affirmative●×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative●☆: outstanding, elite●∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as●∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence●∑: total, amount●γ: government缩写●able?BL: PRBL，RSBL，DBL●ing?G: SHPG●tion?N: OPTN，NAN●ment?T: AGRMT●ize?Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ●tive?TV: EFCTV，●ful?FL: SCFL●less?LS: RGDLS●ent/ant?T: URGT●al/ial?L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bach elor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
Task 5 Stude nt-related Problems & Soluti ons ______________Outli ne一、Testing Purpose of Task 5:测试考生听懂、记录、归纳、转述对话中与学生有关的困难和解决方案，并发表、支持考生自己见解的能力。
、Introduction of Task 5:1听对话：1、对话长度：1-1.5分钟2、内容：1 problem+2 soluti ons3、两个解决方案的三种来源：（1）、对方给两个（最多）（2）、自己给自己两个（3）、双方各一个2、典型问法The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman 's problem. E’riefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.3、说：答题任务：1. 客观任务：转述1困难和2解决方案2. 主观任务：说出考生自己推荐的方案（从上述两个方案中选1个）和2个理由、Strategies for Task 5:听力技巧1、带着六个问题听对话：问题1.听对话双方身份：要判断人物身份，因为对话双方不一定都是学生*可能的人物身份组合:组合1: a male student ---------------- a female student （最多）组合2: a student ---------------------- a professor组合3: a student ------------------------- a n university staff or worker组合4: a male professor --------------- a female professor 问题2.谁有困难？问题3•什么困难？（困难的类型）*五大常考困难：1. time or schedule conflict ----------------- 25.00%2. paper problem ------------------------------ 14.47%3. Course Registrati on Problem ----------------------------------------- 13.16%4. Dorm Problem ------------------------------ 9.21%5. Car Problem -------------------------------- 9.21%问题4.困难的原因？问题5.哪两方案？问题6.优点缺点？听力技巧2、记笔记的技巧：笔记格式：男左女右------- 十字架法听力技巧3、Task5常考场景的场景规律和语汇:学生困难解决题场景思路三字经4、选课困难Course Registration Problem :(5sb. can do Asb. can do BOne (thing the woman can do) is to do A_Another (thing the woman can do) is to do EB_1) . The professor is very strict with sb. (be strict with sb.) 2) . The professor will be very an gry.情况2.要得着：1. deduct his score 区另U ： deduct 扣除 deduce 演绎四、a Sample Question :The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman' s problem. Briefly summarizethe problem. The n state which soluti on you recomme nd and explain why.五、 Prepari ng your resp onse▲转述人物1遇到的困难的内容及原因： 具体题目，具体分析，恰当开篇，不能任选:① .（广泛适用，主动出击、想实现一个临时目标、遇困难、障碍） The woman wants / needs to do _____ ，but / however sec )has / faces a problem 时间冲突专用：has/faces a timecon flict/schedulecon flict② .（适用范围窄，被动挨打、没有目标、只有困难）The woman ' s problem is that ___________ , because ____________ （ 10 sec ）▲转述人物1面临的两个方案:To solve / han dle / cope with / deal with this / her problem, the woma n has / faces two possible solutio ns. sec )▲ 表述考生本人给人物 1的方案和这么做的好处:(so she _____________ .) ( 10First, to do A (方案 1) Second, to do B (方案 2)(10 sec )Pers on ally, I recomme nd / believe / thi nk that the woma n (should) 序号版for/due to /because of two ben efits: (7 sec)First, _________ . _________ . (10 sec) Second, __________ . _________ . (10 sec) in this way, the woma n can by doing this, the woma n cansolution. (8 sec)So, these are the reasons why I believe that the woman should take the策略一、设计考生自己给的好处”何来？自圆其说即可!一、搬（抄，给建议者说的好处T直接引用）二、转（改，遇困难者说的顾虑T开导解围）三、编（创，无中生有，只要自圆其说即可）策略二、权衡两个可能的方案的利弊：只要凑够2个好处即可!①.趋己方2利（时间冲突：两全齐美一一两好事同时进行）②.避对方2害③.先趋己方1利后避对方1害④.先避对方1害后趋己方1利1Listening Script for TPO Test 1 Speaking Task 5 NarratorNow liste n to a con versati on betwee n two stude nts.The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the man ' s problem. Describe the problemand the two soluti ons. Then expla in what you think the man should do and why.Stude nt AHey, Mary! How's your volunteer work going? You still involved in that after-schoolprogram with the eleme ntary school kids?Stude nt BYeah! But「ve got a problem. I ' mupposed to be driving a bunch of them to the zoo tomorrow.Student AYeah?Student BAnd I was supposed to rent a van for the trip. But I waited too long to call the rental agencyto reserve one.And now it turns out they don't have any vans available for tomorrow. I don't know what todo! These kids will be really disappointed if their trip gets cancelled.Student AUnr • welt, does n't one of your friends here on campus have a car? I mean, could n' t you borrow it for the day?Student BYeah, probably, but I'd need to borrow two cars or there wouldn't be enough space for all the kids.Student AUh-huh.Student BThat's why I was going to rent the van. And then I need to find somebody else to drive too.I can ' t idvre two cars by myself.Student A[Chuckles] Yeah, that's true! Well, I ' m sure you can probably find a volunteer, or if youwanted to save yourself the trouble of hunting down the second driver, well r what about public transportation? Check the bus schedule. I...I think there's a bus line that goes rightpast the zoo!Student BYeah! That's a possibility. But r I don't know. It might be a real 'challenge', supervising thekids on the bus.Student A [Chuckles]Student BSometimes they are a handful when they get excited. It's an option, though.2 Listening Script for TPO Test 12 Speaking Task 5NarratorListen to a conversation between two students.Male studentHey Madison! What's wrong?Female studentOh! I'm just struggling about what to do. I won an award from the Pacific JournalismIn stitute for an article I submitted, and …Male student… doesn't sound like anything's wrong.Female studentWell, it's a huge honor to win and there is an award ceremony they ed'mveetoinvait t end, which I 'm super excited about. But, and here is what 's frustrating, I've got a philosophyexam that's scheduled to end right when the ceremony begins.Male studentOh …you are say ing you'll just be finishing up tak ing the exam right whe n t he ceremonystarts?Female studentExactly.Male studentBut those ceremonies never start on time. They give long introductions, you know, have ageneral speech or something before they ever get to handing out awards. I ' m sure they won' t be ready to hand o ut your award right at the right at the beginning. Just go when you are done with the test. You won't miss anything important.Female studentMaybe, but that 's bait risky. I don't want to miss being there when they announce my name. Male studentWell, have you talked to your professor about this?Female studentDoctor Forester? No.Male studentMaybe she'll let you take the exam some other time.Female studentTrue! She lets people reschedule exams sometimes. But she always makes them, take ita couple o f days early. That would mean less studying time for me, which I ' m not thrilled about.Male studentLess time to study … oh …Female studentLike I said, I ' m still struggling about what to do.3Listening Script for TPO Test 11 Speaking Task 5NarratorNow listen to a conversation between two students.Student ABy the way, Frank, I heard you got a summer research position with Professor DavisStudent BUh, huh.., but, I've got a problem.Student AOh?Student BYeah, well, since I didn't hear from her for so long I assumed I didn't get the position. So I didn't apply for a dorm room for the summer. I'm afraid it's too late for that now.Student AYeah, the deadline for campus housing applications has already passed. So what are you gonna do now?Student BWell, I can stay with my parents. They live two hours from here. So I thought I could drive and commute to campus every day. I know my mom and dad would be happy to have me over for a few weeks, and most of my old friends will be home for the summer. So in a way it ' d be fun.Student AYeah, I understand. But you ' d spend quite a bit of time on the road going back and forth.Won't you get tired?Student BYeah, that thought did cross my mind. The other thing I could do is rent an apartment off campus. Besides Being much closer to work, I ' d also save tons of money on gas.Student AUh huh, but then you'd have to pay rent.Student BI know …there ' s always somethi ng, is n't there?Task 5-1In the listening material, the woman meets with a problem she ----------The man gives her two possible solutions.The first one is that she should -----------------------------------------------------The second possible solution for her is that shethatFor me, I think the --------------------------- one is better for her.Because takingcar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------If using the public transportation, it will be troublesome and ------------------------- to manage children, since the children are too --------- to be disciplined. (121 words) may the theTask5-2In the listening material, the woman meets with a problemshe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The man gives her two possible solutions.The first one is that she ------------------------------------------------------------------The second possible solution for her is that shethatmay For me, I think the one is better for her.Because firstly, ------------------------------------Secondly ------------------------------------------Task5-3In the listening material, the man meets with a problemshe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The woman gives him two possible solutions.The first one is that she --------------------------------------------------------------------The second possible solution for him is that shethatmay For me, I think the --- one is better for her.Because firstly,Secondly ------(121 words)Assignments：1、复习Task 5题型介绍、解题技巧。
新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。
新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。
2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。
只得先听，后读，再选。
考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。
⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。
⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。
每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。
（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。
对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。
对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。
形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。
新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。
因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢；特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor say this？”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。
托福听力练习方法之五步精听法你真的掌握了吗？声明：本文整理自赵东坡老师的听力方法课程。
在托福听力考试中，同学们普遍遇到的问题只有两类：听不清，或者听清了但反应不过来。
通过使用五步精听方法来进行英语听力练习，可以修正正确发音，并且达到将声音与意群直接联系起来的目的，从而解决这两类问题。
具体的五步方法流程，可以参考下图：但是仍有许多同学表示，用五步精听法练习过了许多篇听力文章，却仍然收效甚微。
这是因为在练习过程中，在某一步或者几步并未使用正确姿势进行练习。
为此，小编特意将五步精听法的具体步骤和需要注意的地方进行了整理，请同学们核对自检：练习准备听力材料：老托福听力段子老托福段子长度在100词左右，时间长度为1分钟，比TPO的听力内容短、容易。
比较适合上手训练。
辅助工具工具书（纸质或电子辞典）、书写用纸（或使用电脑输入工具如word等）。
练习步骤1.预听练习姿势：将音频听一遍。
完成标准：完整地听过一遍即可。
注意事项：预听不需要纠结于是否听懂、听懂了多少、记住了多少，主要是进行热身，对于音频段落有初步的了解。
2.通读听力原文练习姿势：通读听力原文，查生词、找难点、做标注。
完成标准：确保整篇原文100%读懂，没有不理解或者理解模糊的地方。
注意事项：这一步请专注于理解文章，明白文章大意，尤其是攻克生词和难点，这一步可以与第三步翻译结合起来。
3.翻译练习姿势：将听力原文逐词逐句翻译成汉语。
可以手写在纸上或者打字输入到word中。
完成标准：没有漏译、模糊翻译，务必逐词逐句完整翻译全篇。
注意事项：这一步的目的是为了进一步全面理解文章意思，切勿在脑海中默译或大概翻译，请落实到纸面或文档上。
若通篇翻译完成的时间在5到8分钟内，这一步可以略过。
4.跟读练习姿势：首先以原文辅助，逐句模仿音频的发音，熟练后整段模仿，直到脱稿。
完成标准：能够脱稿并流畅地跟读完整篇文章。
注意事项：跟读时与音频发音的时间间隔约为几个单词，时间上间隔约半秒到一两秒。
¡¾Íи£ÌýÁ¦±¸¿¼¡¿TPO5ÌýÁ¦Îı¾¡ª¡ªLecture 3Lecture 3 ChemistryNarrator£ºListen to part of a lecture in a chemistry class.Professor£ºOkay. I know you all have a lot of questions about this labassignment that¡¯s coming out so ... I¡¯m gonna take a li ttle time this morning to discuss it. So, you know the assignment has to do with Spectroscopy, right? And your reading should help you get a good idea of what that¡¯s all about. But,let¡¯s talk about Spectroscopy a little now just to cover the basic s.What is Spectroscopy? Well, the simplest definition I can give you is that Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light. Now,visible light consists of different colors or wavelengths, which together makeup what¡¯s calle d spectrum, a band of colors, like you see in a rainbow. And all substances, all forms of matter, can be distinguished according to what wavelength of light they absorb and which ones they reflect. It¡¯s like, um,well, every element has, what we call, its own spectral signature. If we canread that signature, we can identify the element. And that¡¯s exactly what spectroscopy does.Now, Laser Spectroscopy, which is the focus of your assignment, works by measuring very precisely what parts of the spectrum are absorbed by different substances. And it has applications in a lot of different disciplines. And your assignment will be to choose a discipline that interests you, and devise anexperiment.For example, I¡¯m gonna talk about art. I¡¯m interested in the art and to meit¡¯s interesting how spectroscopy is used to analyze art. Let¡¯s say a museum curator comes to you with a problem. She¡¯s come across this painting that appears to be an original - let¡¯s say, a Rembrandt. And she wa nts to acquire it for her museum. But she¡¯s got a problem: she¡¯s not absolutely certain it¡¯s an original. So, what do you do? How do you determine whether the painting¡¯s authentic?Okay. Think about the scientific process. You¡¯ve got the questi on: Is the painting a Rembrandt? So first, you¡¯ll need to make a list of characteristicsthe painting would have to have to be a Rembrandt. Then you have to discover whether the painting in question has those characteristics.So first of all, you¡¯ll need to know the techniques Rembrandt used when he applied paint to canvas - his brushstrokes, how thickly he applied his paint. So you¡¯d need to work with an art historian who has expert knowledge of Rembrandt¡¯s style. You¡¯d have to know when he created his paintings, um... what pigments he used, in other words, what ingredients he used to make different colors of paint, ¡®cause the ingredients used in paints and binding agents plus burnishes, finishes, what have you, have changed over time.Since you¡¯re trying to verify if it¡¯s a Rembrandt, the ingredients in the pigment would need to have been used during Rembrandt¡¯s lifetime - in the 17thcentury. And that¡¯s where chemistry comes in. You¡¯ve got to find out what¡¯s in those pigments, learn their composition, and that requires lab work - detective work really - in a word, Spectroscopy. So, how do we use Spectroscopy?Well, we put an infrared microscope - a spectroscope - on tiny tiny bits of paint. And using ultraviolet light we can see the spectral signature of each component part of the pigment. Then we compare these signatures with those of particular elements like zinc or lead, to determine what the pigment was made of. So, you can see why this type of analysis requires a knowledge of thehistory of pigments, right? How and when they were made? Say we determined a pigment was made with zinc, for example. We know the spectral signature of zinc. And it matches that of the paint sample. We also know that zinc wa sn¡¯t discovered until the 18th century. And since Rembrandt lived during the 17th century, we know he couldn¡¯t have painted it.Now, Spectroscopy has a very distinct advantage over previous methods of analyzing our works, because it¡¯s not invasive. You don¡¯t have to remove big chips of paint to do your analysis, which is what other methods require. All you do is train the microscope on tiny flecks of paint and analyze them.Now a word or two about restoration. Sometimes original art works appear questionable or inauthentic because they¡¯ve had so many restorers add touch-up layers to cover up damage, damage from the paint having deteriorated over time. Well, spectroscopy can reveal the composition of those touch-up layers too. Sowe can find out when they were applied. Then if we want to undo some bad restoration attempts, we can determine what kind of process we can use to remove them to dissolve the paint and uncover the original.。
手把手教你托福听力TPO刷题五步法众所周知，TPO是英文TOEFL Practice Online 的缩写，即托福在线考试练习，是为参加下一代托福考试TOEFL iBT(Internet-based test)，即网考托福考试的人，以及想要提高专业英语水平的学员提供的一个全真模拟托福网考考试平台。
TPO都是ETS之前考过的真题，对于考生考前模拟和复习具有很大的价值。
对于TPO的练习我认为要遵循一个原则：按学科横听。
首先，要明确目标，列出计划，以第一次考试为时间节点，每天练习几篇做到心中有数，并非拿起真题一味蛮做，要保证学科的全面涉及，以lecture为例，每次考试ETS都非常公平，四大话题每个都有所涉及。
其次，要遵循科学提升的办法，今天跟大家具体展开到底如何科学刷题，刷出高分。
用五个字简单概括一下五步法：听，找，背，译，读。
1.听。
听什么?听整篇文章，并且只听一遍，即便听不懂也要听一遍做题，因为这是积累阶段。
不要在乎错几个，关键是积累实力，笑傲考场。
2.找。
找什么?找出题点，也就是找答案句。
此步骤就是持反命题的心态，怎么从出题者角度把握考点。
读万卷书，不如行万里路，行万里路不如阅出题点无数。
鉴于托福听力先文后题的特点，要着重训练自己在听的同时就把握好出题点，笔记记下重要细节，真正达到一种效果：所记即所考，所考即所记。
每道题，即便做对的，也要再听一遍找到答案句并在纸质原文中划出，培养对于出题点的敏感性。
3.背。
背什么?背生词。
买个小本，专门归纳积累文章中的生词，尤其是学术词汇。
单词是基础关，想过语言关，先过词汇关。
听力词汇学术性特点较为明显，需要大家耐心积累。
不背单词只有一种结果：听!不!懂!4.译。
译什么?译原文。
听一句翻译一句，可以借助托福听听这个软件，听不懂马上看原文，反复再听，直到听懂为止。
这个环节主要训练如何听懂文章。
无论如何都要清楚，听懂是最靠谱的技巧。
5.读。
读什么?读原文。
听一句读一句，尽量模仿speaker的语音语调，关注重音，把握句子结构。
赵东坡五步精听法：解决你托福听力差的问题
一、听力有多难？
1、中国学生的托福分数，听力单项历来垫底，基本上难上20分
2、英语口语、写作综合题里边的听力比听力单项还难
3、文章一看就懂，一听就不明白
二、为啥听力这么难？
1、是否自己好好练过听力？做题不等于练习，对照自己，看一下您是否可以精确的知道自己的练习时间和练习内容。
2、了解听力到底练什么？练习的声音声音所代表的意思你对声音的反应
三. 了解问题
1.听力词汇：听力词汇指的是听的过程中能够反映出来的词汇，不是单纯英语词汇。
2.辨音：听力首先就是辨音，能不能听清楚，对不同口音的适应能力，对连读缩读弱读的熟悉等。
3.扩大意义单元：你是以单词为单位反映意思，还是句子甚至意群？
4.声音代表意思：你听到的英语发音，在脑海里等同于意思吗？听写出来的句子，就算写对了，能即刻知道意思是什么吗？
四、赵东坡五步精听练习法，搞定英语听力
1、预听
2、通读原文（查生词、找难点、做标记）
3、学会翻译，建立意义单元（逐句逐句翻译，5-8分钟做完）
4、跟读（逐句模仿发音，形成对音的记忆--整段跟读--脱稿练习）
5、精听练习，每天20篇以上。
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1.新托福和旧托福的对比考试形式预读题目笔记题型PBT旧托福Paper Yes No1/4 multiple choiceIBT新托福Internet No Yes New types2.题量，时间，分数文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION2-3 5 / conversation2-3 min / conversation LECTURE4-6 6 / lecture4-6 min / lectureTOTAL6-9（加试）3460-90 min SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准3.题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4.文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5.新托福考试题型概述题号问题题型1Why does the student go to see the professor?Gist question2According to the professor, what information should thestudent include in her statement of purpose?Detail Question3What does the professor consider unusual about thestudent’s background?Detail Question4Why does the professor tell a story about his friend whowent ot medical school?Detail Question5What does the professor imply about the people who admitstudents to graduate school?Inference question6What are the students mainly discussing?Gist questionGist question: 6Detail question: 16Purpose question: 6Attitude question: 1Organization question: 2Inference question: 3 6.界面展示7.IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分题目数量不多难度较简单题型全面，和考试相同，质量高精听精做题目分类研究文章精读研究不建议模考一共14套，其中新东方引进4套，还有2套是OG题目，其他全部为全真试题难度和考试相当，已经有较全的版本出现题型全面，场景全面精听精做建议最后冲刺模考题目数量大，后面有四套模拟试题前面的训练题目文章较短，不是托福模拟听力材料要比考试稍难些，速度也稍快些题型和考试相差很多，不建议细钻精听精做建议考前强化训练对语速跟读模仿题目数量大，有六套模拟试题具体特点同蓝皮delta 建议考前模拟对语速跟读模仿题目数量大，后面有7套模拟试题难度偏小，在基础班使用建议平时精听训练有四套模拟试题听力部分略难，语速略快配合模拟光盘，有临考感觉考前模考只有两套题，但质量很好，文章难度适中，题目难度和Barron相近，感觉上略难一些，和考试非常相似。
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论 CONVERSATION 文章思路LECTURE 文章思路第1页5. 新托福考试题型概述第2页第3页6. 界面展示第4页7. IBT 新托福资料说明——听力部分第5页托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式● not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读● for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读● I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride. ● Not at all. ● Rush hour.● This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do. ● Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读● So me money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读● Be on time（4） H 连读● I lent him a book.● Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?● The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.● I must have left my keys at my sister’s house. ● She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读● 【t 】+【j 】=【ch 】：meet you, hurt you, that your ● 【d 】+【j 】=【dg 】：would you, hand your, did you ● 【s 】+【j 】=【sh 】：miss you, this year ● 【z 】+【j 】=【g 】：as usual, because you● Example: won ’t you, don ’t you, didn ’t you, haven ’t you, hadn ’t you, wouldn ’t you,weren ’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I use your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p 】，【b 】，【t 】，【d 】，【k 】，【g 】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象● Sit down, good night, friendly ● -this ca lculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来● I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d ● Doesn ’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t● Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题● I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s● We ’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll ● Can ’t, weren’t, won’t, aren’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t ● Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：● stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：● Phone us when you are free. ● I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：● Please give me some cream and sugar. ● Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r 】音问题● Idea, really● They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A They went to the dormitory. (B They didn’t go to the dormitory.● -The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean?(A it is typical December weather for this region.(B such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o 】【a:】● Glass, class, fast ● Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况● Neither如何解决英美音问题● 常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot● 不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall● 常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinarity, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题● Method- methodically● 校园词汇的变音：meterology, economics, geography 如何解决词性变音问题● Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical, wild-wildness8. 缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题● Sitcom ● Chem lab ● prof如何解决词性缩写问题● Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示Memo =memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息 Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学 Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术 Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室 M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士 B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖 archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术 astron= astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程 electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance 财政学、财政 geol = geology 地质学、地质 geom = geometry 几何学、几何 gram = grammar 文法 hist = history历史、史 ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学 mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医 met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话 phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言 photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理 physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治 psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题● 逗号原则● 1,234,567,890:● ＝: equal to, the same as ● ≠: difference● ↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve ● ↓: decrease, fall, worsen● ＋: plus, add, besides, moreover ● －: minus, deduct, except ● →: result in, lead to● ←: originate from, date back to● √: correct, good, positive, affirmative ● ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative ● ☆: outstanding, elite● ∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as● ∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence ● ∑: total, amount ● γ: government 缩写● able BL: PRB L， RSBL ，DBL ● ing G: SHPG ● tion N: OPTN，NAN ● ment T: AGRMT ● ize Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ ● tive TV: EFCTV，● ful FL: SCFL ● less LS: RGDLS ● ent/ant T: URGT ● al/ial L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M 原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
