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We may not need to have eight glasses of water a day, says study研究表明，我们可能不需要每天喝八杯水A famous health tip says you'd better drink eight glasses of water (about two liters) a day. However, the results of a new study suggest that less is needed.网上经常流传着一种说法，每天喝8杯水（大约两升）有益于身体健康。
然而，一项新的研究结果表明，每天8杯水的建议可能超过了我们的实际所需。
An international group led by scientists at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) in China found that the average daily water intake of a man in his twenties should be 1.5 to 1.8 liters, while it should be 1.3 to 1.4 liters for a female in the same age group.中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院的科学家领导的一个国际科研团队发现，20多岁的男性平均每日饮水量应该在1.5至1.8升之间，而20多岁的女性则应在1.3至1.4升之间。
The researchers investigated 5,604 participants from the ages of 8 days to 96 years and from more than 20 countries, using isotope-tracking methods.研究人员使用同位素追踪方法调查了来自20多个国家的5604名参与者，参与者的年龄从8天大到96岁不等。
Ask people to name someone they find charming and the answers are often predictable. There’s James Bond, the fictional spy with a penchant for shaken martinis. Maybe they’ll mention Oprah Winfrey, Bill Clinton or a historical figure, like the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. or Mahatma Gandhi. Now ask the same people to describe, in just a few seconds, what makes these charmers so likable.要是你让人说出一个他心目中有魅力的人的名字，答案通常都可以预测。
有人会说詹姆斯·邦德，那个偏爱摇酒法调制的马提尼的虚构的间谍。
也许会有人提到欧普拉·温弗里，比尔·克林顿，或是某个历史人物，比如小马丁·路德·金牧师，或是圣雄·甘地。
那么现在再让同一个人来用区区几秒钟描述，到底是什么特质让这些魅力十足的人物如此受人爱戴呢？It’s here, in defining what exactly charisma is, that most hit a wall. Instinctually, we know that we’re drawn to certain people more than others. Quantifying why we like them is an entirely different exercise.到此为止，在魅力到底是什么的确切定义过程中，通常就是到这里走进了死胡同。
That’s Not Fair: Why Relationships Must Be Equal这不公平：为什么关系必须平等The golden rule: We should treat others the way we want to be treated. We all want to be treated fairly, and this comes up frequently in intimate relationships. It isn’t cool if one does all the dishes while the other plays on the X-Box and no one wants to be the only one putting the kids to bed or apologizing after a fight. Abusive relationships are fundamentally unfair, where one person expects a servant or a target instead of an equal partner.黄金法则：我们希望别人怎样对待我们，我们就应该怎样对待别人。
我们都希望被公平对待，这在亲密关系中经常出现。
如果一个人洗所有的碗，而另一个人玩X-Box，那就太不好了，而且没人想成为唯一一个哄孩子睡觉或在吵架后道歉的人。
虐待关系从根本上来说是不公平的，一个人期望一个仆人或一个目标，而不是一个平等的伴侣。
We recognize injustice, almost from birth. In one study, Paul Bloom showed babies a series of animated shapes and figures. Some shapes were “helping” others up a hill, and other shapes were being obstructive and getting in the way. When the shapes were presented to the babies as blocks, the babies nearly always reached for the helpful ones and rejected the hindering shapes. This moral sense continues as babies become toddlers who complain that things aren’t fair, and then become adults who don’t like injustice much either. One study found that employees who felt they were being paid fairly compared to their colleagues were more motivated, happier, healthier, and more satisfied with their personal lives.我们几乎从出生起就认识到不公平。
The Guardian view on unaffordable homes: building injustice into the economy《卫报》关于难以负担的住房的观点：在经济中制造不公The average wage of the top 1% in Britain rose to £13,770 a month in December. Jeevun Sandher, an economist at King’s College London, points out the very richest saw their incomes rise the fastest during the pandemic. This group were also likely to have been able to save the most while Covid raged. Where do the very wealthiest spend their cash? One place is housing, for which there is a low level of stock being released on to the market. The result is rising house prices. Over the past 12 months, asking prices have gone up by 9.5%.12月，英国最富有的1%人群的平均工资上升至每月13770英镑。
伦敦国王学院的经济学家桑德尔指出，在疫情期间，最富有的人的收入增长最快。
在新冠病毒肆虐期间，这一群体也可能是能够存最多钱的人。
最富有的人把钱花在哪里？其中一个地方就是住房，因为住房市场上的存量很低。
结果就是房价上涨。
在过去12个月里，住房要价上涨了9.5%。
This has a knock-on effect for renters. UK rents rose by 8.3% in the last three months of 2021. For would-be first-time buyers, the situation is as bad if not worse, with the current average price of £277,000 nearly £25,000 higher than just a year ago. Those looking to have a roof to live under will find little solace in official figures. These record an 11% drop in the number of total homes added in 2021 compared with the year before. The number of new affordable houses that began being built dropped 16% year-on-year. Shortages of labour and materials, as well as planning delays, will make it harder for the 11th Tory housing minister since 2010 to meet government targets for new homes.这对租客产生了连锁反应。
The strange death of the salutation邮件问候语最好不要省Last week a friend asked me a question I should have been able to answer straight away.上周，有位朋友问了我一个问题，我本该能够立刻回答他的。
Because it was close to the end of the UK tax year on April 5, he had to write a grovelling letter to Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs.英国纳税年度于4月5日终止，由于终止日临近，他不得不向英国税务海关总署(HMRC)写了一封低声下气的信。
He had no way of knowing which tax official would see the letter, but he was sure the document should be faultlessly polite, which is why he asked: “Should I start it with ‘To Whom It May Concern’? Or does no one write that any more?”他无从得知哪位税务官员会看到这封信，但他确信这封信应该十分礼貌、让人挑不出一点错，所以他才会问：“我该用‘敬启者’(To Whom It May Concern)开头吗？还是已经没人这样写了？”At first I thought of telling him: goest ahead with thy ye olde salutation. Using it might suggest he was of a certain age, and hopelessly past it, modern life-wise - but for tax office purposes this could be a good thing.起初我想告诉他：就用你那个古早的问候语吧。
We must pay the cost of carbon if we are to cut it让每一个人都有减排的动力Shouldn’t we be doing more to respond to the climate emergency? It’s a natural question to ask. But, perhaps, we should turn the question around, and ask: why haven’t we solved the climate change problem already?为了应对气候紧急状态，我们难道不应该多做一点事情？这是个很自然的问题。
然而，也许我们应该反过来问：为什么我们还没有解决气候变化问题？Economics suggests a ready answer: externalities. Unfortunately, the concept of externalities is a century old, and it shows. So why do economists persist in using this dusty old term, and is it still useful?经济学给出了一个现成的答案：外部性。
可是，外部性的概念存在了一个世纪之久，而且得到了印证。
那么，经济学家们为什么还要使用这个陈旧的术语呢？它是否仍然有用？An externality is a cost — or sometimes, a benefit — that is not borne by either the buyer or the seller of a product. And, if neither has to bear the cost, neither has much reason to care.外部性是一种成本（有时是一种好处），是产品的买方和卖方都无需承担的成本。
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
Malaysia’s elephants stay more outside protected areas than in马来西亚大象呆在保护区外的时间比呆在保护区内的时间更久The grub is better there因为那里有更好的食物Way back in 1999, Iain Douglas-Hamilton, adoyen of research into African elephants, made an intriguing discovery. Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) to track them—a first—he found that they knew exactly where the boundaries of protected areas were.早在1999年，研究非洲象的老前辈伊恩·道格拉斯-汉密尔顿就有了一个有趣的发现。
他最早利用全球定位系统（GPS）追踪非洲象，发现它们非常清楚保护区的边界在哪里。
They ranged freely within these areas, but when crossing between them, through apparently similar but unprotected habitat, they did so at night and at what was (for an elephant) a gallop.它们会在保护区内自由活动，而一旦想穿过看似没什么区别但未受保护的栖息地时，它们会选择在夜间且疾驰而过（对于大象而言）。
At first sight, it looks as though Asian elephants did not get the memo. They seem to travel outside protected areaswith gay abandon. But a study by Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, in Yunnan province, China, and Benoit Goossens of Danau Girang Field Centre, in Sabah, Malaysia, suggests that this abandon is not quite as gay as it seems.乍一看，亚洲象似乎不懂这些。
One afternoon in April 2020, I took an old bamboo rod out of my shed and cut it to a length of 115cm. Stood on the ground, it came about halfway up my chest. I laid it on a scrubby patch of our garden on the island of Aegina, in Greece: one end next to a tough-looking dandelion, the other pointed northwards. Then I dug up the dandelion with a trowel and replanted it at the other end of the stick. A small step for humans, but quite the leap for the dandelion.2020年4月的一个下午，我从棚子里拿出一根旧竹竿，把它切成了115厘米的长度。
立在地上，它的长度大概是到我胸部高度的一半。
我把它搁在花园中的一小片灌木丛生的土地上，花园位于希腊的埃吉纳岛（Aegina）上。
竹竿的一端挨着一株看上去很强韧的蒲公英，另一端朝着北方。
随后我用泥铲把蒲公英挖了出来，再把它重新种进竹竿另一端的土里。
对人类来说，这是一小步的距离，但对蒲公英而言却是一次不小的跃进。
This 115cm corresponds to a particular measurement. It is the present average velocity of climate change — how fast the effects of global heating are moving across the surface of the planet — and thus represents the speed we need to move in order for the conditions around us to stay the same. It also implies a direction: the bubble habitats where different forms of life can survive and thrive are moving uphill, and towards the poles.这115厘米所对应的是一个特定的尺寸。
Keep science out of Europe’s post-Brexit arguments让科学置身于欧洲关于英国脱欧后的争论之外A year ago, researchers from across Europe breathed sighs of relief when the United Kingdom and the European Union agreed the terms of their relationship after Brexit.一年前，当英国和欧盟就英国脱欧后的关系条款达成一致时，欧洲各地的研究人员松了一口气。
Although a majority of UK researchers did not support their country’s exit from the EU, there was relief that they would still be permitted to participate in the EU’s €95.5-billion (US$107-billion) collaborative research programme, Horizon Europe, through a category of membership called association.尽管大多数英国研究人员都不支持他们的国家退出欧盟，但令人欣慰的是，他们仍然可以通过一个名为协会的成员类别，参与欧盟价值955亿欧元（1070亿美元）的合作研究项目“欧洲地平线”（Horizon Europe）。
The UK government would pay the EU a total of around £15 billion (US$20.4 billion) over 7 years. In exchange, UK researchers would be able to apply for prestigious grants from the European Research Council (ERC), and participate in Horizon Europe collaborations, including taking leadership roles. The United Kingdom would no longer have the right to contribute to governance decisions, but UK representatives could sit on committees as observers.英国政府将在7年内向欧盟支付总计约150亿英镑（204亿美元）。
My phone was controlling me, so I went on a digital diet我的“数字节食”经历I was having a much-coveted weekday lie-in when my four-year-old bounded in to inform me it was time to get dressed. Shocked to find I had wasted nearly two hours scrolling mindlessly through my phone instead of resting, I got out of bed feeling more mentally exhausted than on mornings when I get up at the crack of dawn.工作日的早上，我正躺在床上，享受自己渴望已久的赖床时光，突然我四岁的孩子蹦蹦跳跳地进来，告诉我该起床穿衣了。
我这才震惊地发现，我已经浪费了近两个小时漫无目的地刷手机，却没好好休息。
下床后，我觉得自己比平时黎明时分起床还要精神疲惫。
My husband has been complaining about my screen addiction for months. I brushed it off. But somehow those two precious lost hours jolted me into recognition: my phone was controlling me.数月来，我的丈夫一直在抱怨我对手机上瘾，我都不予理睬。
但不知何故，这宝贵的两个小时让我幡然醒悟：我的手机在控制我。
Pondering what sort of digital diet to put myself on, I came across Mind Over Tech, founded by former sculptor and web developer Jonathan Garner. About five years ago, Garner was having a personal crisis. He noticed, as I had, that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone. “I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different.I was scrolling through Twitter before I even knew my phone was unlocked.”在思考该试试哪一种“数字节食”时，我偶然发现了Mind Over Tech，这家公司的创立者乔纳森•加纳(Jonathan Garner)曾是雕塑家和网络开发人员。
大约五年前，加纳经历了个人危机。
和我一样，他也意识到，他的精神焦虑源于使用手机时对自身注意力的控制有限。
“我原本要着手完成一项任务，但却被带偏了，开始做完全不一样的事情。
我甚至连什么时候解锁的手机都没注意，就开始刷Twitter了。
”The product that grew out of Garner’s wake-up call is a physical deck of 50 cards, each bearing bite-sized experiments to help users approach technology more mindfully. Over a 24-hour period I tried a few out, including: “Avoid early morning tech use”, which asked me to try to delay the first moment when I engage with my phone each morning, and “Post-It note on your phone screen”, to help me notice when and why I pick it up. Later I added “Charge your phone away from your bed”. The goal, says Garner, is not to force yourself to change, but to try to build a new healthy habit, like daily yoga or less caffeine.加纳警醒了以后，推出一副由50张卡片组成的实体牌，每一张上都写有一些可以尝试进行的、简单易行的做法，帮助使用者更加清醒、谨慎地使用科技。
我花了一天时间尝试了其中几个方法，包括:“避免清晨使用科技”，要求我尽量推迟每天早晨第一次接触手机的时间；以及“往手机屏幕上贴便利贴”，这可以让我注意我是在何时以及为何拿起手机。
后来我还尝试了“不在床边给手机充电”。
加纳表示，这些做法的目的并不是强迫自己改变，而是努力养成一个新的健康习惯，比如每日瑜伽练习或减少咖啡因摄入。
I decided I would only keep doing something if it stuck naturally, and kept an analogue diary of my progress. The first two cards — plus “Avoid your inbox until afternoon” — worked well for me. Over two weeks, I practised them each day and found myself feeling more positive about my relationship with technology, more able to exercise self-control when it came to my phone and, dare I say it, more productive overall. I think these are habits I will return to regularly, as I am sure I’ll keep relapsing into old ways.我决定只坚持做我能自然而然确立下来的做法，并且用纸笔记录下我的每日进展。
“不到下午不点开收件箱”以及上面提到的两张卡对我来说很有效。
过去两周，我每天都照着这几张卡片上写的做，我发现我能够更加积极地面对自己与科技的关系，并且在使用手机时更能发挥自控力，而且我敢说，我的效率总体而言更高了。
我觉得我需要经常重温这些习惯，因为我确信我会不断故态复萌。
Other prompts never quite stuck. The “Delay the urge to search” card was a spectacular fail, as I spent almost an entire day off searching hotel reviews for an upcoming trip to the US.至于卡片给出的其他提示，我一直很难坚持下来。
“推迟搜索冲动”卡简直太失败了，因为我花了将近一整天的时间在网上搜索酒店评论，为即将到来的美国之旅做准备。
Is there an explanation for what sticks and why? Garner says each individual is gathering data, reflecting and then making changes for themselves — a form of scientific experimentation. “But what really matters day to day for you is how you feel that extra hour in your morning is best spent. Is it helping you recharge?”哪些可以确立下来成为习惯，又为什么能确立下来，对此有什么解释吗？加纳表示，每个人都在收集数据、反思、然后为自己做出改变，这是科学实验的一种形式。
“然而，在你的日常生活中，对你而言真正重要的是完美度过早晨那额外一小时给你的感受。
它能让你重新精神焕发吗？”Mark Essex, a senior executive at KPMG, puts his digital habits in the same category as comfort eating — something he has struggled with for 25 years. For him, the experiments are like exercise or meditation, a regular practice rather than a one-time fix. He told me his 10-year-old daughter has also begun using the cards, leaving her phone downstairs before going to bed.毕马威(KPMG)高级主管马克•埃塞克斯(Mark Essex)把自己的数字习惯和情绪性进食归为同一类事情——他已经与后者斗争了25年。
对他而言，这些尝试就像锻炼或冥想，是一种日常实践，而非一劳永逸。
他告诉我，他10岁的女儿也开始使用这些卡片，上楼睡觉前会把手机放在楼下。
For some, reappraising their relationship with technology has been more seismic. When former YouTube executive Georgie Powell found herself idly scrolling throughpictures of her newborn daughter, while her baby lay right next to her, it led her to quit her job. “I was ignoring my daughter, not even looking her in the eye,” she told me. “Meanwhile, my core objective at YouTube was to get people to watch more YouTube and I started getting increasingly uncomfortable with that.”对某些人而言，重新评估他们与科技的关系带来了更重大的改变。
