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BFT阅读（综合）-试卷36(总分：56.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Part 3(总题数：4，分数：56.00)Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultation and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0. 25%- 0. 5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.（分数：14.00）(1).The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______.（分数：2.00）A.global inflationB.reduction in supply √C.fast growth in economyD.Iraq's suspension of exports解析：解析：本题是细节题。
Lesson 11. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。
2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.”佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。
”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。
”3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings.美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。
★第1篇-Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles 福特放弃电动汽车第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。
通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。
福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。
3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。
但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。
“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。
”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需6小时。
通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。
昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。
日本丰田产的RA V4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。
丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。
“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。
福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。
”Roger Higman，英国Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。
日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。
混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。
福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。
不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。
六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。
翻译考试英语阅读美国应叫停生物燃料生产The worst drought for 50 years is inflicting huge damage on the US maize crop, with serious consequences for the overall international food supply.美国玉米作物正受到50年来最严重旱情的宏大破坏，使国际粮食总体供给情况受到了重大影响。
()The situation reminds us that even the most advanced agricultural systems are subject to the vagaries of the weather, leading to volatility in supplies and prices not just on domestic markets but also internationally. Climate change and extreme weather events will further plicate the picture.当前形势提醒我们，即使是最兴旺的农业体系也无法摆脱天气无常的影响，这不仅会导致国内市场供给和价格波动，还会涉及国际市场。
气候变化和极端天气现象更使情况雪上加霜。
US maize production had been expected to increase to record levels this year. That view will prove optimistic. Much of the reduced crop will be claimed by biofuel production in line with US federal mandates, leaving even less for food and feed markets. The August US Department of Agriculture estimates, announced today, will give a more precise idea for just how much the maize crop is reduced. Few people are expecting good news.人们原本预料，今年美国玉米产量将打破历史最高纪录。
第一部分英语知识运用部分历年试题解析1．（2011年）笑有助于改善情绪2．（2010年）“霍桑效应”遭到质疑3．（2009年）从动物智商研究中得到的启示4．（2008年）高智商与遗传疾病5．（2007年）西班牙和葡萄牙前殖民地独立后面临的问题6．（2006年）美国无家可归者增多的现象7．（2005年）人类的嗅觉第二部分阅读理解A部分历年试题解析I 社会生活、伦理类1．（2011年Text 3）新媒体给营销传播带来的机遇和风险2．（2011年Text 4）提倡理性的育儿幸福观3．（2010年Text 3）社会流行潮的传播4．（2009年Text 1）通过培养新习惯促进创新思维5．（2008年Text 1）压力对女性健康造成负面影响6．（2006年Text 1）美国社会同化现象II 科普类1．（2009年Text 2）DNA检测及其存在的问题2．（2008年Text 3）美国人的身高停止增长3．（2007年Text 2）智商测试不能准确反映人的能力4．（2006年Text 3）海洋物种濒临灭绝的现状5．（2005年Text 1）动物的公平意识6．（2005年Text 2）全球气候变暖问题急待解决7．（2005年Text 3）梦可以被控制III 商业经济类1．（2011年Text 2）美国高端职场的裸辞现象2．（2010年Text 2）商业方法专利受到潜在威胁3．（2010年Text 4）会计准则发生改变4．（2009年Text 3）正规教育的缺乏不会限制生产率的提高5．（2008年Text 2）学术期刊出版的变化6．（2007年Text 3）美国中产阶级家庭经济风险增加7．（2007年Text 4）企业数据保护的重要性8．（2006年Text 2）莎士比亚故居的经济现象IV 文化历史教育类1．（2011年Text 1）古典音乐产业面临的挑战2．（2010年Text 1）报刊艺术评论的衰落3．（2009年Text 4）新英格兰的文化生活4．（2008年Text 4）美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度5．（2007年Text 1）人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传6．（2006年Text 4）艺术的功能7．（2005年Text 4）一本关于正式英语退化的书第三部分阅读理解B部分历年试题解析1．（2011年）知识和人才的专业化给人文学科带来的困境2．（2010年）欧洲食品杂货批发转型3．（2009年）19至20世纪的文化人类学理论4．（2008年）如何写作初稿5．（2007年）父母帮助孩子顺利进入成年期6．（2006年）美国博彩业的兴旺7．（2005年）加拿大建立国家药品管理机构第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1．（2011年）意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境2．（2010年）基于经济利已主义的环保制度不可取3．（2009年）广义的教育4．（2008年）达尔文论智力5．（2007年）法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义6．（2006年）对“知识分子”的定义7．（2005年）欧洲的电视媒体第五部分写作A部分历年试题解析1．（2011年）推荐信2．（2010年）扫墓启事3．（2009年）建议信4．（2008年）道歉信5．（2007年）建议信6．（2006年）申请信7．（2005年）辞职信第六部分写作B部分历年试题解析1．（2011年）旅程之“余”2．（2010年）文化“火锅”，既美味又营养3．（2009年）网络的“近”与“远”4．（2008年）合作的重要性5．（2007年）乐观心态是成功的关健6．（2006年）偶像崇拜7．（2005年）年轻人应该赡养父母。
2016考研英语阅读每日精选：OverfishingOver fishingWhen prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct.当史前的人到达世界的一个新的地方时，那里的大部分动物就会发生奇怪的事情，它们突然灭绝了。
Smaller species survived.小部分动物种族存活了下来。
The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.但大部分的，成长缓慢的动物则成了狩猎的目标，并且很快被狩猎到灭绝。
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.现在相类似的事情发生在大海中.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.这些年在海中的捕捞活动太过频繁。
What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing.就像Ransom Myers 和Boris Worm 这些年所研究的，事物在迅速地变化着。
They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.他们研究了半个世纪以来世界上所有的鱼场。
Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biologicalmatter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,他们的方法不是为了试图估算特定区域的海洋中实际动物总数(活着生物的总数)，but rather changes in that biomass over time.而是研究单位面积中海洋生物数量的变化。
外刊阅读之选词填空Passage sevenProgrammeIn 2009, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 22 April as International Mother Earth Day. In so doing, Member States acknowledged that the Earth and its ecosystems are our common home, and expressed their (31) ______ that it is necessary to promote Harmony with Nature in order to achieve a just balance among the economic, social and environmental needs of present and future generations. The same year, the General Assembly adopted its first (32) ______ on Harmony with Nature.The General Assembly has widely acknowledged that the world's depletion of natural resources and rapid environmental degradation are the result of unsustainable consumption and production patterns which have led to adverse consequences for both the Earth and the health and overall well-being of humanity. The scientific community has well (33) ______ evidence that our present way of life, in particular our consumption and production patterns, has (34) ______ affected the Earth's carrying capacity.Loss of biodiversity, desertification, climate change and the disruption of a number of natural (35) ______ are among the costs of our disregard for Nature and the integrity of its ecosystems and life-supporting processes. As recent scientific work suggests, a number of planetary boundaries are being transgressed and others are at risk being so in a business-as-usual world. Since the industrial (36) ______, Nature has been treated as a commodity that exists largely for the benefit of people, and environmental problems have been considered as solvable through the use of technology. In order to meet the basic needs of a growing population within the limits of the Earth's finite resources, there is a need to devise a more (37) ______ model for production, consumption and the economy as a whole.Devising a new world will require a new relationship with the Earth and with humankind's own existence. Since 2009, the aim of the General Assembly, in adopting its nine resolutions on Harmony with Nature, has been to define this newly found relationship based on a non-anthropocentric relationship with Nature. The resolutions contain different (38) ______ regarding the construction of a new,non-anthropocentric paradigm in which the (39) ______ basis for right and wrong action concerning the environment is grounded not solely in human concerns. A step in this direction was further reaffirmed in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (2012), entitled "The future we want":"We recognize that planet Earth and its ecosystems are our home and that "Mother Earth" is a common expression in a number of countries and regions, and we note that some countries recognize the rights of nature in the context of the (40) ______ of sustainable development."（430）【参考答案】BAHCD IEJFK【原文翻译】Programme 计划In 2009, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 22 April as International Mother Earth Day. In so doing, Member States acknowledged that the Earth and its ecosystems are our common home, and expressed their conviction that it is necessary to promote Harmony with Nature in order to achieve a just balance among the economic, social and environmental needs of present and future generations. The same year, the General Assembly adopted its first resolution on Harmony with Nature. 2009年，联合国大会宣布4月22日为国际地球母亲节。
2016考研英语二答案详解：阅读理解Text 121 答案B remodel the way of thinking.解析：此题是文中人物观点题。
根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。
Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。
第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。
22 答案D interest解析：此题是细节题。
根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案。
23 答案A help students learn other computer languages解析：文中人物观点题。
题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn…appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。
对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换。
24 答案C become better prepared for the digitalized world解析：细节题。
题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么。
据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现。
定位句“These kids are…be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think…….the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。
补全短文第一篇Mobile Phones第一篇移动电话根据科学家罗伯特·贝尔的观点，如果移动电话被证实是一种辐射危害的来源的话，那在上面应该贴一个标签。
而且直到移动电话发射塔的电磁辐射对人体健康的长期影响有一个合乎科学的评价之前，不能建造更多的发射塔。
“没有人会在一个晚上就倒地死去，伹我们还是应该寻找更多的科学论据去指出它的危害。
”罗伯特?贝尔在一次关于少量辐射对人体健康影响的会议上说。
“如果移动电话被证明有危害，就应该在它上面贴一个警告标签，直到设计出合适的隔离屏为止。
”他说。
在公众中一个广泛的流行说法是，现在的科学家们还不能完全地保证，电磁辐射对人类没有负面影响。
正如罗伯特?贝尔所指出，仅在澳大利亚就有330万部移动电话，而且正以每天2 000部的速度增加。
估计到公元2000年之前澳大利亚将拥有800万部移动电话，接近每两人一部手机。
同时，在澳大利亚境内分布着2 000座发射塔，其中有许多还坐落在人口密集的居民区。
例如，Telstra, Optus和Vodaphone所建造的发射塔从地理位置上来说是合适的，但都忽视了公众的需求。
从这些发射塔发出的电磁辖射可能已经对附近的居民产生了一些有害影响。
罗伯特?贝尔建议，在更多的研究工作未完成之前，政府应该禁止在学校操场、儿童日托中心、医院、运动场所以及儿童占比例较高的居住场所方圆500米范围内建造发射塔。
他说显现的证据表明，儿童以成年人三倍多的比例吸收微量辐射。
同时他补充说还有一个证据证明如果癌症患者受到电磁波的辐射，就会导致疾病的加速恶化。
那么谁资助这项研究呢?罗伯特?贝尔认为由较大的电话公司提供资金是合情合理的，他还极力主张政府进行一系列广泛的关于辐射可能对身体健康有所影响的调查与研究。
第二篇P208 Baby Talk第二篇婴儿语婴儿通常在1 ~15个月的时候开始说话。
Ryan Jones刚刚8个月，但他已经开始和父母“说话”了。
他饿的时候，就会把手一张一合，这个动作表示牛奶。
2016考研英语阅读每日精选：美国奴隶制The Sorry Legacy of the FoundersIn 1784, five years before he became president ofthe United States, George Washington, 52, wasnearly toothless.1784，在52 岁的乔治·华盛顿在成为美国总统 5 年前，牙齿就几乎已经掉光了。
So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth intohis jaw - having extracted them from the mouths ofhis slaves.所以要请牙医给他移植九颗牙齿—而这些牙齿是从他的奴隶口中拔来的。
That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember fromtheir history books.这跟很多人在历史书上读到过的那个砍樱桃树的华盛顿有点大相径庭。
But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of thefounding generation.但是最近开始，历史学家开始越来越关注奴隶制在美国开国一代人的生活中所扮演的角色。
They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almostcertainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.他们多半是受了1998 年DNA 事件的影响。
2016考研英语阅读每日精选：美国人基
本上停止生长了
In The U.S., Height Hits Its Head On The Genetic Celing
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of onlythree players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) listed at over seven feet.
在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain 是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。
If he had played last season, however, he would havebeen one of 42.
可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了1/42了。
The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,
这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，
and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growingnumbers of bigger, longer frames.
而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans havegenerally stopped growing.
虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。
Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people - especiallythose born to families who have lived in the U. S. for many generations - apparently reachedtheir limit in the early 1960s.
虽然现在人们比140 年前高了2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。
And they aren't likely to get any taller.
他们已经不可能再长得更高了。
“In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much goneas far as we can go, ”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright StateUniversity.
Wright 州大学的人类学家William Cameron Chumlea 说：“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了。
”
In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasinglycommon practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
拿NBA 球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients - notably,protein - to feed expanding tissues.
身高的增长一般在20 岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。
At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.
在20世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。
But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in
heightby about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.
但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均每20年都增长了大概1.5英寸，这就是长高的趋势。
Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height - 5'9″for men, 5'4″for women - hasn't really changed since 1960.
根据疾病防治中心，从1960 年开始，人们平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就没有什么变化了。
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.
总的说来，避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。
During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.
在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and backcontinue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strainimposed by oversize limbs.
而且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压力，这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。
“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individualorganism, ”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
西北大学的人类学家William Leonard 说：“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构导致的。
”
Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon.
基因的最大化可以改变，但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。
Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. ,ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.
Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。
She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed forsome time.
她说，不像那些篮球制服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。
And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident. ”
如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的设备，Gordon 说基本上，“你都可以使用现在的数据，并且非常地自信。
”。
