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Unit 21.The manufacturer, therefore, has to find the balance between designing a separate car foreach market – which would be exorbitantly costly – and designing one car for all markets.因此，制造商就必须在为每个市场设计一辆不同的车（这当然需要高昂的费用）和为所有市场设计同一款车之间寻求平衡。
2.Such opportunities are not normally available to a company that operates only in onecountry or is only just entering a new country.只在一个国家经营或只进入一个新的国家的公司通常得不到这样的机会。
3.The advent of the Internet and Intranets has the potential to accelerate the process ofmining all markets for relevant information and for features that can be included in new products.互联网和局域网的来临有可能加快发掘所有的市场找到相关信息和能被用到新产品中的特征的过程。
4.The laboratories co-ordinates their efforts by looking at the possibilities of melding productideas arising from different countries.这些实验室通力协作寻求把产生于不同国家的关于产品的想法加以整合的可能性。
5.The product itself may have been developed with reference to observations of present andpotential customers rather than conventional market research.产品本身的开发也许参考了对现有或潜在客户的观察，而不是常规的市场研究。
冀教版英语八班级下册课文原文及翻译中英对比版Lesson 27 Lesson 27 Business English第27课商务英语English is the language of international business.英语是国际商务的常用语。
Do you know that business English can be different from everyday English?你知道商务英语与日常英语是不同的吗？In business, people sometimes speak English in interesting ways.在商务活动中，人们有时候通过好玩的方式讲英语。
You might not always know what they mean.你可能经常不知道它们是什么意思。
Can you guess the meanings of the sentences below?你能猜出下面句子的意思吗？Look at this one:Buy low,sell high.看这句话：低买高卖。
It’s a short and simple sentence.这是一句简短简洁的句子。
Buy something at a low price,and then sell it at a high price.以低价买东西，然后以高价卖出。
It makes sense, right?它很有意思，对吗？What does we're in the red this month mean?“我们这个月是赤字〞是什么意思？Does it mean everyone is wearing red clothes?是说每个人穿着红色的衣服吗？No! It means the business is losing money.不！它的意思是生意在亏钱。
Business people usually write red numbers below zero and black numbers above zero.生意人通常用红色的数字表示复数，黑色的数字表示正数Pretty simple, right?很简洁，对吗？I am moving up the ladder may be difficult to understand.“我在上台阶〞可能较难理解。
商务英语段落翻译人们之间的商务沟通随着经济全球化的进程更加频繁。
商务英语是全球商务沟通的工作语言,它在业内已经引起了人们的重视。
下面是店铺带来的商务英语段落翻译，欢迎阅读!商务英语段落翻译1我国企业应该如何规避汇率风险(一)Forward contract远期合同：即具有外汇债权或债务的公司与外汇银行签订购，买或出售外汇的远期合同，以在未来的某个时间以现已确定的汇率买卖两种货币。
远期合同时间通常为半年并且没有变通选择。
例如，某进口企业预计6 个月后将向国外进口商支付一笔美元货款，为锁定财务成本，该企业可以与银行提前签订远期售汇合同。
这样，6 个月后无论汇率如何变化，该企业都可以按照事先约定汇率，用人民币从银行购买美元贷款。
更灵活的是可选择的远期合同，这种合同允许在合同规定期限内的任何时间进行交易，以当时汇率为准。
这样出口商就得到较好的保护，避免合同期限内对自己不利的那一时间汇率，并选择相对有利的交易时间和汇率。
(二)平衡责任：即在同一时期，创造一个与存在风险的货币相同币种、相同金额及相同期限的反方向资金流动。
例如，某出口企业收到国外进口商支付的出口货款500 万美元，该企业须将货款结汇成人民币用于国内支出，但同时该企业需进口原材料并将于3 个月后支付500 万美元的货款。
此时，该企业可以与银行办理一笔即期对3 个月远期的人民币与外币掉期业务：即期卖出500万美元，取得相应人民币，3 个月远期以人民币买入 500 万美元Avoiding of the Exchange Rate Risk of Chinese Trade Enterprise1.Forward contract: The designated foreign exchange bank signs a forward contract with a domestic business entity, fixing two kinds of currency, amount, exchange rate and date for thefuture sale or purchase of foreign exchange with no other choice within 6 months.For example,these is an importing enterprise expecting a USD payment for goods to an overseas exporter 6 months later. In order to lock in the financial cost, the enterprise can sign a forward contract in advance with a bank for purchase of foreign exchange. In this way, whatever the exchange rate of RMB against USD will be in 6 months, the enterprise can purchase the USD from the bank according to prearranged exchange rate so as to reduce the exchange rate risk.2.Balanced responsibility: At the same time,there are two transactions in opposite directions featuring domestic currency against foreign currency between a domestic entity and a bank.For example, an exporting exterprise receives USD 5 million from an overseas importer and needs to sell the foreign exchange for domestic RMB payment. Meanwhile, the enterprise expects to import raw materials and make payment for USD 5 million in 3 months. At this time, the enterprise can carry out the following 3-month RMB swap against foreign currency with a bank: sell the USD 5 million right now and obtain corresponding RMB, Via the above-mentioned transactions, the enterprise can square the positions of different currencies in order to avoid exchange rate risks.商务英语段落翻译2The problem was that what looked like a single entity was in fact a loose alliance of local co-ops,each with its own management. Fleet-footed rivals were better able to reap scale economiesfrom centralised buying and marketing. They could raise capital quickly to build bigger stores.And a new breed of grocer, exemplified by Tesco’s Jack Cohen, understood thatretailing is partshowbiz. He hired well-known comedians to open his stores. The Co-op movement was slow-witted and dowdy by comparison. “It didn’t co-operate and it rarely moved,” recalls Mr Marks.联营模式的问题是它看上去是一个统一的实体的企业，实际上只是一些本地合作社之间松散的联盟——各自进行自己的管理。
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use新编剑桥商务英语（中级）课文翻译BEC课文翻译1、We wanna hold your hand我们愿与你携手创业带着浓厚的经营意识，加上一些进取精神，再来瞧瞧，哈!你拥有了一家连锁店!如果想自己开店、大展身手却又苦于缺乏经验，同时又不想在这个充满风险的昙花一现的独立法人世界中立足，那么开家连锁店不失为一个明智之举。
然而你必须明白自己将从事何种性质的经营，这是至关重要的。
特许经营就是由一方(授予特许经营者)授权允许另一方(加盟特许经营者)使用其商标或商号，并使用其一揽子经营理念。
那么特许经营背后所隐藏的主要理念是否结合了自己独立开店和为公司打工这两种理念?英国特许经营协会会长丹·阿齐尔回答说：“绝非如此，这是一种可笑的过于简单的看法。
其实这还是由你来经营自己的公司，但是避免了一些风险，同时增加了别人的支持。
”他指出，相比大多数遭受失败的独立经营者，只有0.9％的特许经营店以失败告终。
尽管如此，成为特许经销商不可能使那些极具冒险精神的人感到满足。
它不适合那些不想循规蹈矩的人。
达美乐比萨特许经销店的销售经理威廉姆·尤班克这样说道：“如果你充满开创冒险的精神，这种形式不适合于你。
它是一种原则规约，一个必须遵守规则的俱乐部。
虽说有一定的独立性——我们的特许经销商可以自己制定价格表，但我们对菜单的内容要求非常严格。
这是在帮助下经营公司。
”阿丝特丽德·帕狄尔刚刚成为达美乐比萨店的特许经营者，她告别了律师生涯，和她的丈夫合开一家特许经营店。
“与其把所有的时间和精力倾注到为别人卖命的工作中，不如投入于自己的公司中。
”帕狄尔三十一岁时放弃了薪水可观、受人尊敬的律师职业，转而经营这家比萨店，并获得回报。
公司收益颇丰，业务出现了增长。
当然如果你下定决心，白手起家地单干，你随时可以从总店分离出去，另立门户，发展特许经营店。
BUSINESS ENGLISH CHAPTER 1LESSON 11.A few thousand years ago, man’s life was rough and simple，their wants would have been confined to the basic necessities of life----food、clothing and shelter.2.Over ten nomadic tribes of North Africa moved to the river at the foot of the mountain in search of the source of water and new pastures.3.More than 30 years ago ,the villagers often bartered eggs for needles、threads and stationary needed by children.merce embraces all kinds of economic activities such as: trade、transportation、communication、storage、banking、insurance and advertising etc.5.Buying fast-food eases day-to- day cooking of house wives.L 21.T rade is the exchange of goods and services between buyers and sellers。
It is an essential part of commerce and also a basis of it.2.W ithout paying premium to the insurance company，y ou can’t claim compensation in the event of economic losses.3.I n the event of a surplus of goods，they can be sold at lower price.4.B ecause of higher price of raw material，the manufacturers are unwilling to venture to produce the goods.5.“The lower the price is，the more the selling is” is not always right.L 31.E ach person，each country should use to the best advantage the peculiar skills and resources，and specialize in producing and selling those goods that they can produce at relatively lower cost.2.M any Middle-east countries produce and export oil rather than produce food and finished goods.3.T he workshop in which Kent works produces but assembling parts of computer.4.I n a monetary economy，money is a lubricant that facilitates trade。
Unit 1 A New Job新工作Listening and speaking 1听对话，了解公司选择招聘人员的规则，为面试做充分的准备。
Maggie is in a job interview, talking about her work experiences with Howard Marx, the HR Director of ABC Dataweb.(麦琪在进行面试，与ABC数据网公司人力资源总监霍华德•马克思谈论她的工作经历。
)Howard：Morning, Maggie. My name is Howard Marx and I am responsible for your recruitment and training here at ABC Dataweb. Could you talk briefly about your career development?霍华德：早上好，麦琪, 我是霍华德•马克思，负责ABC数据网公司的招聘和培训。
能简单的谈谈你的职业发展经历吗？Maggie：Sure, Mr. Marx. Thanks for giving me this opportunity. Well, my first job was in Flat Earth Mechanics. I started with it in 2010 and I worked in the office at the beginning, but soon moved to the sales department. I knew then that I was born to be a saleswoman! So I was promoted to the position of sales manager in about two years.麦琪：好的，马克思先生。
非常感谢您能给我这个机会。
Unit 1商业是与物质事物有关的人类活动。
文明是必要的。
它存在于所有社会，甚至最简单的社会。
业务可以包括货物的生产：制造飞机、建筑和纸盒是生产的例子。
它还可以为这些活动提供资金。
借贷资金、买卖股票和债券以及出售保险政策涉及到为商业活动筹集资金。
其他形式的业务包括商品销售，即销售产品，提供各种服务，如会计、分销和维修。
那么，商业就是生产和分销商品和服务的活动。
在我们的企业研究中，必须了解生产的四个基本要素。
这四个因素是土地、劳动力、资本和企业家精神。
这四个术语是什么意思？为了生产东西，必须使用土地。
这里，土地的使用方式最一般。
它不仅指我们可以建造工厂的一块房地产，还指生产所用的所有原材料。
有些原材料在地球表面发现，例如树木，木材成材。
其他原材料在地球表面的矿产和石油威尔斯发现，还有其他原料可以从空气中提取。
所有生产的原材料都来自土地、空气和海洋。
劳动是指脑力劳动或体力劳动用于生产物品。
大多数劳动力将原材料转变成成品，然后将其分配给买方。
在工业化国家，劳动通常比体力劳动更有精神。
例如，无论是制造业还是农业，机器完成了非熟练工人过去所做的非常累人的体力劳动。
5在其他国家，由计算机编程的机器人和其他形式的数据处理设备完成了许多需要大量脑力劳动的工作。
因此，在一定程度上，下一个因素，资本，可以用来取代劳动力或减少体力和脑力劳动，人类不得不使用，以进行业务。
在日常用语中，资本意味着几件事。
最普遍的含义是财富或金钱。
但它也指货币购买的设备。
资本作为生产的基本要素之一，是劳动者在生产和分配中使用的所有东西。
它包括工具、机器和建筑物，例如工厂和仓库，生产和储存货物。
因此，资本指任何有助于生产和分销货物的东西。
把土地、劳动力和资本结合起来创造有价值的东西，叫做企业家精神。
企业家是负责控制和指导其他三个因素的人。
企业家不是自己动手，除非他也是工人。
一个企业的工人听命的企业家。
他是领导，员工也跟着他的方向走。
创业包括一些其他重要的活动。
Unit1 Made in Europe 欧洲制造Almost every fashion label outside the top super-luxury brands is either already manufacturing in Asia or 5 thinking of it. Coach, the US leather goods maker, is a classic example. Over the past five years, it has lifted all its gross margins by manufacturing solely in low-cost markets. In March 2002 it closed its factory in Lares, Puerto Rico, its last company-owned plant, and outsources all its products. 除了顶级奢侈品牌外几乎所有的时尚品牌都已经在亚洲生产，或者正在考虑这么做。
美国的皮革商品制造商蔻驰（Coach）就是一个经典的例子。
在过去的五年中，它通过仅在低成本市场生产来提升毛利率。
在2002 年的3 月，它关闭了在波多黎各拉雷斯的最后一间公司所属工厂，将所有产品全部外包。
Burberry has many Asian licensing arrangements. In 2000 it decided to renew Sanyo's Japanese licence for ten years. This means that almost half of Burberry's sales at retail value will continue to be produced under license in Asia. At the same time however, Japanese consumers prefer the group's European-made products. 巴宝莉（Burberry）在亚洲持有许多许可授权安排。
商务英语段落翻译第一篇：商务英语段落翻译1.There is no alternative but to blend together different kinds of information.First, take whatever evidence econometrics can yield about the way the forces driving FDI——size of host-country market, expected growth, input costs, geography and natural resources, and the policy framework——have worked in the past.别无他法，我们只能将各种不同种类的信息联系起来进行分析。
首先，采取任何经济计量学中产生的可以驱动FDI的要素，包括东道国市场规模、预期增长、投入成本、地理优势和自然资源、政策构架已经在过去起作用了2.Look at Beyond Petroleum.It says it is an energy problem solver.Yet not much green has come out of its entrails.Each country has abiding cultural icons, its sacred cows that make global corporate communications quite challenge.What is culturally and politically correct in one country may not be so in another.看BP公司。
它宣称自己是能源问题解决者。
尽管其并没有太多绿色环保的产品从其中流露出来。
每个国家都有其长久的文化图腾，它们的文化图腾物使得全球化的企业的交流遇到了挑战。
Unit 2１.As well as organizing and supervising the work of their subordinates, they have to work with people in other areas and functions.除了组织和监督他们下属的工作之外，他们还必须与其他领域和职能部门中的人们一起工作。
２.It is generally the job of a company’s top managers to consider the needs of the future, and to take responsibility for innovation, without any organization can only expect a limited life.一般来说，公司的最高层经理的工作是考虑未来的需要和对创新负责，没有这些工作，任何机构存在的时间都不会很长。
３.Top managers also have to manage a business’s relations with customers, suppliers, distrib utors, bankers, investors, neighboring communities, public authorities, and so on, as well as deal with any major crises which arise.高层的经理也必须处理公司与客户、供给商、经销商、银行家、投资者、相邻社区和地方当局的关系，同时还要处理可能出现的任何重大的危机。
４.Drucker, for example wrote nearly 30 years ago that ‘Altogether this entire book is based on the proposition that the days of the “intuitive” manger are numbered,’ meaning that they were coming to an end.例如，德鲁克在差不多30年前写道，“总体来说，这本书是根据‘凭直觉的’经理存在的时间不长了的命题来写的，意思是这种日子即将结束了”。
Unit 9１.Thus services, activities, people (politicians, athletes, film stars), places (holiday resorts), organizations (hospitals, colleges, political parties) , and ideas , as well as physical objects offered for sale by retailers, can be considered as products.这样，服务、活动、人（政治家、运动员、电影明星）、地方（度假胜地）、组织（医院、学院、政党）和想法，还有由零售商降价销售的实在的物品，都可以认为是产品。
２.The major producers of soap powders, for example, are famous for their multi-brand strategy, which allows them to compete in various market segments , and to fill shelf space in shops, thereby leaving less room for competitors.例如，肥皂粉的主要生产商以他们的多品牌策略而出名，这一策略允许他们在各种各样的细分市场中进行竞争，把他们的产品填满商店的货架，因而给竞争者留下更少的空间。
３.Since different products are always at different stages of their life cycles, with growing, stables of declining sales and profitability, and because markets, opportunities and resources are in constant evolution, companies are always looking to the future, and re-evaluating their product mix.由于不同的产品总是处于它们生命周期的不同阶段，销售和收益总是从增长、稳定到下降；也因为市场、机会和资源经常的处在发展变化中，公司总是着眼未来并不断地重新评价它们的产品组合。
４.Yet most product lines have a tendency to lengthen over time, as companies produce variations on existing items, or add additional items to cover further market segments.然而，由于公司生产现有品种的变体，或者增加附加品种进一步覆盖细分市场，大多数产品系列的寿命有随着时间延长的趋势。
５.Line-stretching means lengthening a product line by moving either up-market or down-market, i.e.making items of higher or lower quality.产品系列延伸指的是通过向市场高端和低端发展，即生产更高或更低质量的产品来延长一种产品系列。
６.Yet such moves many cause image problems: moving to the lower end of a market dilutes a company’s image for quality, while a compa ny at the bottom of a range may not convince dealers and customers that it can produce quality products for the high end.然而这种变动可能引起形象上的问题：往市场低端发展削弱了公司重视质量的形象，而一个排位在最后的公司不大可能说服经销商和消费者相信它能够生产高端的高质量产品。
７.Line-filling---adding further items in that part of a product range which a line already covers---mightbe done in order to compete in competitors’ niches, or simply to utilize excess production capacity.产品系列填补---在已经覆盖市场的系列产品中增加新的产品项目---可能为了在竞争对手的缝隙市场进行竞争，或者只是为了利用多余的生产能力。
Unit 10１.The ‘selling concept’ assumes that resisting consumers have to be persuaded by vigorous hard- selling techniques to buy non-essential goods or services.‘销售概念’假定不主动购买的消费者必须通过硬行推销技术的说服才会购买非基本的货物或者服务。
２.The ‘marketing concept’, on the contrary, assumes that the producer’s task is to find w ants and fill them.另一方面，‘营销概念’假定生产商的任务是找出需求并且满足它们。
３.Marketers are consequently always looking for market opportunities – profitable possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs or creating new ones in areas in which the company is likely to enjoy a differential advantage, due to its distinctive competencies ( the things it does particularly well).因而，营销人员总是在寻找市场机会—填补还没得到满足的需要，或者是在因为公司的突出能力（即它特别擅长的事情）而有可能具有领先优势的领域中创建新需要的那些获利可能性。
４.The company must also take account of the existence of competitors, who always have to be identified, monitored and defeated in the search for loyal customers.公司也必须考虑到在发展忠实的客户过程中存在着一些总是不得不被识别、监控和击败的竞争者。
５.They collect and analyze information about the size of a potential market, about consumers’ reactions to particular product or service features, and so on.他们收集并且分析关于潜在市场的规模，关于消费者对某一产品或服务特点的反应等信息。
６.Once the basic offer, e.g./ a product concept, has been established, the company has to think about the marketing mix, i.e., all the various elements of a marketing program, their integration , and the amount of effort that a company can expend on them in order to influence the target market.一旦确定了基本的想法，，即产品概念以后，公司就必须考虑总营销策略，即，一个营销计划的各构成部分，它们之间的结合，以及一个公司为了影响目标市场所能作出的努力。
