福建省晋江市安溪一中养正中学惠安一中泉州实验中学四校2017_2018学年高一生物下学期期末联考试题

2017-2018学年福建省泉州市晋江市安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学四校联考高二（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AOne of the most difficulties in learning a language is learning the idiomatic phrases，slang（俚语）and common usage of native speakers．These four books focus on giving students a hand when learning North American idiomatic language．Ya Gotta Know It by Hania HassanIt provides an excellent mixture of materials for classroom lessons and American slang reference．Its unique feature is that students are provided with ongoing context（上下文）reminding learners of idioms learned while improving their understanding by using the same characters and a developing story line．Exercises provide a chance for students to practice in proper situations．Common American Phrases by Richard A．SpearsIt has a wide variety of resources on American English．It contains more than 2，000 phrases and idioms．Excellent for classroom use as this reference guide focuses on standard phrases that can be found in everyday standard usage．American Idioms and Some Phrases Just for Fun by Edward SwickThe book's strength is its translation of more formal English of a number of idioms．These phrases are then repeated in a number of different contexts giving students a good idea of common usage．There are also a number of exercises designed to help students put their newfound idiomatic understanding into use．American Slang by Robert L．ChapmanIt provides a guide for advanced level English students．This reference guide to slang is best used by those interested in the very latest and up-to-date slang and slang you might hear in the latest films from Hollywood．1.What do the books have in common？______A. They all contain lots of exercises．B. They are suitable for students of all language levels．C. They teach students knowledge of idiomatic language．D. They are good for students to learn about informal English．2.In what way is Ya Gotta Know It different from the other books？______A. It offers readers ongoing context．B. It is mainly about American slang．C. It has the largest number of idioms．D. It is made up of some short stories．3.Which book helps you understand the latest Hollywood films？______A. Ya Gotta Know It．B. Common American Phrases．C. American Idioms and Some Phrases Just for Fun．D. American Slang．【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】A 【小题3】D【解析】1．C．推理题：阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了几本帮助学生学习英语俚语的书籍．故选C．2．A．细节题：从第二段的句子：Its unique feature is that students are provided with ongoing （持续不断的）context reminding learners of idioms learned while improving their understanding by using the same characters and a developing story line．可知，它的独特之处在于为学生提供持续的语境，提醒学习者学习习语，同时通过使用相同的角色和发展中的故事线来提高他们的理解．故选A．3．D．细节题：从最后一段的句子：This references guide to slang is best used by those interested in the very latest and up-to-date slang and slang you might hear in the laterst films from Hollywood．可知要想学习好莱坞的最新电影的俚语，就看American Slang，故选D．文章介绍了几本帮助学生学习英语俚语的书籍，包括书的作者，价格，刊号，还重点介绍了书的内容．题目涉及到细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要联系上下文根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据，主旨大意题需要我们通读全文了解作者写作意图后，再进行选择．BWas the London Olympics a success？Many people hold different opinions．However，one thing is certain．London could win a gold medal for hosting the "greenest" Games ever，BBC News reported．Previous Olympic hosts have been criticized for the environmental damage they have caused through construction，waste and transport．But things had to be different in London because it bid（申办）for the Olympics through the concept of "a One Planet Olympics"．What is most impressive is that London uses the construction of the Olympic Park as an opportunity to clean up polluted areas - 2 million tons of polluted soils were removed and 200 old factory buildings were torn down．But that's not all - 99% of the debris（废瓦砾）were reused to build the Olympic Park．For example，the Olympic Stadium's roof is made from 2，500 tons of steel tubes recycled from old gas pipelines．In addition，all venues（场馆）were built with green building techniques．The Olympic Stadium is the lightest one ever built，which minimized the amount of steel and concrete needed．The effort that London made to deal with waste also deserves praise．Water used for drinking and watering plants was from collected rainwater or recycled wastewater．In this way，about 30-40 percent less water was used in total．Waste food package were either recycled or processed and turned into renewable energy．As one of the best connected places in Europe，London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of public transport．For example，it had trains deliver half of the building materials，instead of cars，which greatly reduced carbon emissions（排放）．The clean anti-doping result also added to the greenness of the Games．The International Olympics Committee （IOC）said that the devices used this time were the most accurate and advanced．Only one athlete tested positive for a banned drug on the day of competing，which is why the IOC President，Jacques Rogge，has praised anti-doping efforts at the London Games．4.What did London do to make the Olympic Park green？______A. It recycled 2 million tons of polluted soil．B. It removed 99% of the debris from the city．C. It built the Olympic Stadium mostly with recycled materials．D. It applied green building techniques to the construction．5.What does the underlined word "minimized" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？______A. Increased greatly．B. Reduced as much as possible．C. Made full use of．D. Took little notice of．6.What can we learn from the passage？______A. The London Olympics cost less than the other Olympics．B. London has possessed the most advanced techniques to deal with waste．C. Public transport is made good use of during the London Olympics．D. London's anti-doping result turned out to be far from satisfactory．7.What can be concluded from the passage？______A. The green effort of London isn't worthy of praise．B. The London Olympics was a success environmentally．C. London encouraged the use of private cars for free．D. The IOC was unsatisfied with London's anti-doping efforts．【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】B【解析】1．D．细节题．根据文章第三段内容， the Olympic Stadium's roof is made from 2，500 tons of steel tubes recycled from old gas pipelines． In addition， all venues（场馆）were built with green building techniques．奥林匹克体育场的屋顶由2500吨旧煤气管道回收的钢管制成，所有场馆（馆）均采用绿色建筑技术．故在场馆建设过程中，大都使用了绿色无污染技术，结合选项，故选D．2．B．词义猜测题．根据文章第四段内容，The Olympic Stadium is the lightest one ever built， whichminimized the amount of steel and concrete needed．奥林匹克体育场是有史以来建造的最轻的体育场，它最大限度地减少了钢和混凝土的需求量．结合选项，故选B．3．C．推理题．根据文章倒数第二段内容， London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of public transport． For exa mple， it had trains deliver half of the building materials， instead of cars， which greatly re duced carbon emissions（排放）．伦敦试图通过鼓励使用公共交通来解决交通堵塞问题，例如，它让火车运送一半的建筑材料，而不是汽车，这大大减少了碳排放（排放）．故伦敦奥运会时公共交通起到了很大的作用，结合选项，故选C．4．B．推理题．根据文章第三段内容，the Olympic Stadium's roof is made from 2，500 tons of steel tubes recycled from old gas pipelines． In addition， all venues（场馆）were built with green building techniques．奥林匹克体育场的屋顶由2500吨旧煤气管道回收的钢管制成，所有场馆（馆）均采用绿色建筑技术．由此可知，伦敦奥运会是没有对环境造成太多的负担的，是非常环保的．结合选项，故选B．本文章主要讲述了伦敦奥运会时伦敦做作出的各种努力和为奥运会的顺利开展而进行的各种场馆修建工作．阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．CA photo exhibition marking the 10th anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake that killed more than 87，000people was held on Thursday in the European Parliament building in Brussels．The exhibition is mainly to thank the European Union （EU），its member states and people for their generous and timely help delivered to the disaster-hit areas ten years ago．The vice-governor of Sichuan province，Yang Xingping，led a delegation（代表团）toBrussels to thank for their assistance，including 85 million euros （﹩105 million），after thedisaster，the 20th most damaging earthquake in recorded history．"Forever，we will remember that the rescuer and medical staff from Europe had saved lives in ruins racing against time in those days，" said Yang at the opening ceremony of the exhibition．The photos showed the Dutch relief team racing against time，French and Italian doctors saving lives and also a new-born baby，with the help of Chinese and German Red Cross staff．"Presenting Wenchuan's achievements is the best way to say thank you to those who have helped her，including the EU，" said Chinese Ambassador to the EU Zhang Ming．Having stood the test of the disaster，Zhang said China-EU friendship has become even stronger and is the most valuable thing to China．Zhang also said that despite the huge scale of the disaster，Chinese people stayed strong，united and determined，and the relief efforts finally succeeded with the kind support of the international community．"Ten years have passed，but we still remember those who extended helping hands to the Chinese people when we had a hard time，" said Zhang．"We will never forget those European relief and medical staff who worked day and night on the ground，side by side with their Chinese colleagues．"8.What is the main purpose of the exhibition？______A. To show the damage caused to Wenchuan．B. To appreciate the timely help of the EU．C. To attract financial aid from the EU．D. To present Wenchuan's achievements．9.What do we know from the passage？______A. The exhibition was held on the anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake．B. There had been 19severe earthquakes before the Wenchuan earthquake．C. The EU sent rescue teams to Wenchuan as well as donating money．D. Some EU rescuers held a race competition in the ruins of Wenchuan．10.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about？______A. The determination of the Chinese people．B. The sense of value of the Chinese people．C. The great relief efforts of the EU．D. The valuable China-EU friendship．11.What is the best title for the passage？______A. Exhibition marks 10th anniversary of Wenchuan earthquakeB. A killer earthquake struck Wenchuan，Sichuan provinceC. Wenchuan made great achievements 10 years after the quakeD. People in Wenchuan have experienced a hard time since the earthquake【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】A【解析】1．B．细节题．根据文章第二段内容，The exhibition is mainly to thank the European Union （EU）， its member states and peopl e for their generous and timely help delivered to the disaster-hit areas ten years ago．这次展览主要是为了感谢欧盟及其成员国和人民在十年前为灾区提供的慷慨和及时的帮助．结合选项，故选B．2．C．推理题．根据文章第三段内容，Yang Xingping， led a delegation（代表团）to Brussels to thank for their assistance， including 85 million euros （﹩105 million）杨兴平率领代表团前往布鲁塞尔感谢他们的帮助，包括8500万欧元（1.05亿欧元）．． we will remember that the rescuer and medical staff from Europe had saved lives i n ruins racing against time in those days我们将记住，在那些日子里，来自欧洲的救援人员和医务人员在与时间赛跑的废墟中拯救了生命．由此可知，欧盟不仅提供了医疗援助也提供了经济支持，结合选项，故选C．3．D．细节题．根据文章倒数第二段内容， Zhang said China-EU friendship has become even stronger and is the most valuable thin g to China． Zhang also said that despite the huge scale of the disaster， Chinese people stay ed strong， united and determined， and the relief efforts finally succeeded with the kind sup port of the international community．张说，中欧友谊更加牢固，是中国最宝贵的东西．张还说，尽管灾难规模巨大，但中国人民依然坚强、团结、坚定，在国际社会的大力支持下，救援工作终于取得了成功．由此可知，最后二段主要讲述了中欧关系的重要，结合选项，故选D．4．A．主旨题．根据文章内容，本文章主要讲述了为纪念汶川地震10周年而举行的纪念展，对该展览的情况进行了介绍．结合选项，故选A．本文章主要讲述了为纪念汶川地震10周年而举行的纪念展，对该展览的情况进行了介绍．阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．DIt's been nearly half a century since humans left footprints on the moon and during that time，human space exploration has largely centered on manned low-Earth orbit missions and unmanned scientific exploration．But now，falling launch costs，improvements in technology and high levels of private funding are making space exploration another industry worth investing（投资）．In the last fifteen years，the business of space exploration has changed a great deal，with private companies joining governments in creating and launching rockets and satellites．The coming of reusable rockets is significantly cutting the cost of sending satellites into space，and the potential for mass production of satellites could greatly reduce those costs further．In fact，as data demand sharply increases - a trend driven particularly by autonomous vehicles - It's expected that the per-megabyte（每兆字节）cost of wireless data will be less than 1% of today's levels．While reusable rockets will help drive those costs down，so too will the mass-production of satellites and the maturation of satellite technology．Currently，the cost to launch a satellitehas declined to about ﹩60 million from ﹩200 million via the use of reusable rockets，with thepotential to fall to as low as ﹩5 million．And satellite mass production could decrease that cost from ﹩5 million per satellite to ﹩500，000．The investment may result in plentiful and significant possibilities of a more accessible，less expensive reach into outer space，with potential opportunities in fields such as satellite broadband Internet，high-speed product delivery and perhaps even human space travel．12.What has human space exploration focused on since the moon landing？______A. Leaving footprints on other planets．B. Manned flight to deep space．C. Unmanned scientific exploration．D. Investing in building rockets．13.What is the topic of Paragraphs 2-4？______A. The role of private companies．B. The applications of space technology．C. The benefit of reusable rockets．D. The decreasing cost of space industry．14.How much does it cost to send up a satellite at present？______A. ﹩200 million．B. ﹩60 million．C. ﹩5 million．D. ﹩500，000．15.What can we infer from the passage？______A. The participation of private companies greatly promotes the space industry．B. The great data demand rapidly brings up the cost of wireless data．C. Reusable rockets make it possible for satellites to be mass produced．D. Human space travel will be realized with the private investment．【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】A【解析】1．C．细节理解题．根据第一段It's been nearly half a century since humans left footprints on the moon and during that time， human space exploration has largely centered on manned low-Earth orbit missions and un manned scientific exploration．自从人类在月球上留下足迹以来已有将近半个世纪，在此期间，人类太空探索主要集中在载人低地轨道任务和无人科学探索．可知，自登月以来人类太空探索的重点是无人科学探索．2．D．段落大意题．根据第二段到第四段内容，尤其是第二段The coming of reusable rockets is significantly cutting the cost of sending satellites into space ， and the potential for mass production of satellites could greatly reduce those costs further ．可重复使用的火箭的出现大大降低了将卫星送入太空的成本，并且大规模生产卫星的潜力可以进一步大大降低这些成本．可知，第2-4段的主要介绍了航天工业成本下降．故选D．3．B．细节理解题．根据第四段Currently， the cost to launch a satellite has declined to about ﹩60 million from ﹩200million via the use of reusable rockets，可知，目前发送卫星需要6000万美元．故选B．4．A．推理判断题．根据最后一段The investment may result in plentiful and significant possibilities of a more accessible， lessexpensive reach into outer space， with potential opportunities in fields such as satellite broa dband Internet， high-speed product delivery and perhaps even human space travel．这项投资可能会带来丰富而重要的可能性，使其更容易进入外层空间，在卫星宽带互联网，高速产品交付甚至人类太空旅行等领域都有潜在的机会．可知，私营公司的参与大大促进了航天工业的发展．故选A．本文是一篇科教类阅读，主要讲述了自从人类在月球上留下足迹以来已有将近半个世纪，在此期间，人类太空探索主要集中在载人低地轨道任务和无人科学探索．但现在，降低发射成本，技术改进和高水平的私人资金正在使太空探索成为另一个值得投资的行业．在做这类短文阅读时，应先立足于通读短文，了解短文大意，然后带着问题再读短文，阅读时应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的"重心"，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）How does the brain save new information？Think of the last time you looked up a number in the telephone book and dialed it．Could you remember that number five minutes later？Probably not! (1) ．When you study，you transfer new information into long-term memory．Every time we learn something new，the structure of the brain actually changes，as we build new connections to information that we already know．(2) ，it's easier to find it again．Brain researchers have discovered four key points for effective study．• Make an effort．The brain remembers better when we are interested in the subject，already know a little about it，and knows we will need the information in the future．• (3) ．Your brain can process only a limited amount of information at a time，so don't try to remember every detail．When studying a textbook，look for titles，headings，and illustrations to show you the main ideas．• Make the new brain connections stronger．(4) ．This is the most powerful way to transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory．Another method is drawing a picture of the information，to activate the visual part of the brain．• Give the new material time to be remembered and understood．Your brain has to build new physical connections．(5) ．And cramming（临时死记硬背）the night before a big test doesn't help．By understanding how the brain works，and following these four tips，you can make this your most successful academic year ever．A．Read your textbook carefullyB．That's because it's in your short-term memoryC．Because the brain has a very complicated structureD．Find the most important information and organize itE．When there are more connections to the new informationF．One technique is to recite the ideas out loud in your own wordsG．For this reason，it's better to study for several short sessions than one long one16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】E 【小题3】D 【小题4】F 【小题5】G 【解析】36-40 BEDFG1．B．联系下文题．根据下文Probably not! That's because it's in your short-term memory．可知大概不会吧！那是因为它在你的短期记忆中，这与D项：Could you remember that number five minutes later？五分钟后你能记得那个号码吗？意思相符，故答案为D．2．E．理解判断题．根据前文Every time we learn something new， the structure of the brain actually changes， as we bui ld new connections to information that we already know．每次我们学习新的东西，大脑的结构实际上都会改变，因为我们建立了与我们已经知道的信息的新联系．E项：When there are more connections to the new information，（ it's easier to find it again．）当与新信息有更多连接时，很容易再找到它．符合文意，故答案为E．3．D．段落理解题．根据后文Your brain can process only a limited amount of information at a time，so don't try to remember every detail．可知你的大脑一次只能处理有限数量的信息，所以不要试图记住每一个细节．D项：Find the most important information and organize it．找出最重要的信息并组织起来．符合文意，故答案为D．4．F．文章衔接题．根据后文Another method is drawing a picture of the information，to activate the visual part of the brain．可知另一种方法是绘制信息图片，激活大脑的视觉部分．F项：One technique is to recite the ideas out loud in your own words．一种技巧是用你自己的话大声地背诵思想．符合文意，故答案为F．5．G．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Your brain has to build new physical connections．可知你的大脑必须建立新的物理联系．G项：For this reason， it's better to study for several short sessions than one long one．因此，最好是多个短时间的学习，而不是一个长时间的学习．符合文意，故答案为G．本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要讲述的是如何更好地学习，更好地记住课堂上所学到的内容，并归纳了三种方法：1、努力一点；2、找出最重要的信息并组织起来；3、加强新的大脑连接．此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）T1．he young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin（海豚）was swimming．Despite her fear，she felt strong wearing her new leg．In her second grade，Maja(21)her cousin，Jasmina．After Jasmina's death，Maja swore she would honor the little girl by(22)with a dolphin，an animal that both girls(23)．"Jasmina never got the chance to do it，"says Maja，now 32，"so I(24)that someday I'd do it for her．"In high school，Maja was(25)about sports．She even planned to become an athlete．(26)，in 1993，during the civil war in her home country，a bomb(27)her left leg．After two years'(28)in the U．S．，Maja received her first artificial （人造的）leg，but(29)it didn't fit well，walking for Maja was very painful．(30)，she managed to graduate from a local high school．Then after receiving a(31)from Saint Francis University，she got a job at aninsurance firm and(32)started her own company．To relax，Maja(33)often watch the dolphins play at an aquarium （水族馆）near her home．A young dolphin，Winter，who had lost its tail，caught her(34)．One day，Maja happened to see trainers(35)Winter with a hightech tail．When they were done，Winter swam freely in the water．Maja was(36)．She managed to find the inventors of Winter's tail．Within ten days，she had a new leg which freed her of the(37)that had troubled her for almost 16years．Now，Maja was ready to keep her(38)．She went to the aquarium，lowered herself into the pool and held out a hand to Winter，who approached(39)，then swam away．After a few minutes，the dolphin let Maja(40)its back．Finally，the two began to swim around the pool together．21. A. lost B. visited C. rescued D. left22. A. talking B. living C. swimming D. surfing23. A. loved B. adopted C. possessed D. purchased24. A. pretended B. decided C. preferred D. agreed25. A. positive B. enthusiastic C. particular D. curious26. A. Undoubtedly B. Surprisingly C. Strangely D. Unfortunately27. A. took away B. took over C. cut down D. cut out28. A. study B. operation C. treatment D. experiment29. A. until B. because C. although D. if30. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Besides D. However31. A. scholarship B. degree C. prize D. notice32. A. gradually B. actually C. eventually D. naturally33. A. might B. should C. could D. would34. A. eye B. leg C. nose D. hand35. A. decorating B. guiding C. marking D. fitting36. A. inspired B. puzzled C. shocked D. amused37. A. worry B. sadness C. pain D. fear38. A. appointment B. promise C. record D. habit39. A. blindly B. angrily C. gratefully D. cautiously40. A. strike B. cover C. touch D. wipe【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】A 【小题4】B 【小题5】B 【小题6】D 【小题7】A 【小题8】C 【小题9】B 【小题10】D 【小题11】B 【小题12】C 【小题13】D 【小题14】A 【小题15】D 【小题16】A 【小题17】C 【小题18】B 【小题19】D 【小题20】C 【解析】ACABB DACBD BCDAD ACBDC1．A．考查动词词义辨析．根据下文"Jasmina去世以后"可以判断出本空选A表示"失去"：Maja读二年级的时候她的堂妹Jasmina就去世了．2．C．考查动词词义辨析．根据文章的最后一句可知，这里Maja发誓她要和海豚一起游泳来纪念自己的堂妹Jasmina．3．A．考查动词词义辨析．海豚是这两个女孩都喜欢的动物．adore表示"非常喜欢；崇拜，爱慕"．B"收养，采纳"，C．"拥有"，D．"购买"都不符合句意．4．B．考查动词词义辨析．今天的Maja已经32岁，此时她说，"于是我决定，将来有一天，我要替她做这件事．"decide表示"决定，认定"．5．B．考查形容词词义辨析．下文说她甚至想当运动员，可见这里选B，表示她读中学的时候钟爱体育运动，甚至计划做一名运动员．四个形容词选项与语境的介词搭配的含义：A 对…持肯定态度的；B 对…很热情；C 对…很挑剔 D 对…好奇．从语境的连贯判断选B．6．D．考查副词词义辨析．语境表示转折含义，因此选D表示"不幸的是"．Maja钟爱体育运动，可是很不幸，在1993年，在她祖国的内战中，她遭遇不幸．7．A．考查动词短语辨析．一颗炸弹使她失去了左腿．take sth．away表示"带走，剥夺"．B"接管"，C"削减；砍到"，D"切除，删去"．8．C．考查名词词义辨析．从故事的连贯判断选C，既然炸弹使她受伤并失去了左腿，那么后面就应该是负伤的她在美国接受治疗．9．B．考查连词词义辨析．这里用because引导原因状语从句；由于安装的假腿不合适，她走路的时候非常痛苦．A"直到…时候"，C"尽管"，D"假如"．10．D．考查逻辑关系词辨析．从故事的叙述看，这里用however表示转折关系：假腿给她带来很多痛苦，但是尽管如此，她还是从当地的中学顺利毕业了．11．B．考查名词词义辨析．然后她拿到大学学位，在一家保险公司上班．从语境的连贯判断选B，表示"学位"．12．C．考查副词词义辨析．这里用eventually表示"最终，最后"：她中学毕业，然后大学毕业，找到工作，最后，开办了自己的公司．A 逐渐地，慢慢地；B 实际上，确实；D自然而然地．13．D．考查情态动词词义辨析．这里用情态动词would表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作：为了放松，Maja经常会到家附近的一家水族馆观看海豚表演．14．A．考查名词词义辨析．一头叫Winter的海豚失去了尾巴，它吸引了Maja的注意力．这里用catch one's eye 表示"吸引某人的注意力"．15．D．考查动词词义辨析．语境说Winter失去了尾巴，这里提到"高科技的尾巴"，从语境的连贯判断选D，她看见水族馆的训练员在给Winter装假尾巴．用fit表示"安装"．16．A．考查动词词义辨析．从语境的连贯看，看见海豚Winter装上假尾巴之后就能自如地在水中畅游，她联想到自己伤残的左腿，受到启发和鼓舞．inspire"鼓舞，给…以灵感"符合语境．B使…困惑，C 使…震惊，D 使…觉得愉悦，都不符合语境．17．C．考查名词词义辨析．她受到启发，找到Winter的假尾巴的发明人．然后，她有了一条新假腿，这只假腿解除了困扰她16年的痛苦．18．B．考查名词词义辨析．如今，Maja装上的假腿使她能正常行走了，她该兑现当初对好朋友的诺言了．19．D．考查副词词义辨析．起初，这只海豚小心谨慎地接近Maja，然后游走了．A 盲目地，B 生气地，C 感激地，D 小心地．从语境的连贯和生活常识判断选D．20．C．考查动词词义辨析．过了几分钟，这只海豚终于允许她摸一摸它的背，最后海豚Winter在水池中与她一起畅游．这里用touch表示"触摸"．本文是一篇记述文，文章讲述了Maja在内战中失去了左腿，但她以顽强的毅力，在治疗的同时完成了中学和大学的学习，并在安装了假腿之后，在水族馆里与海豚一起畅游，终于完成了她少女时对自己逝去的伙伴的承诺：和海豚一起游泳戏水．做完形填空时，要了解完形填空题的设空原则，用正确的思维解题，不抠字词用法，不断章取义．先浏览全文，概括大意，然后再根据对上下文文意的理解和行文逻辑的把握来答题．四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）(1) first glance might seemlike contradicting systems of thoughts．TCM deals with the body as a whole - the idea is that an individual's body conditions affect the whole system (2) that plant and animal parts can balance the body to help a person keep (3) （health）．Western medicine，however，(4) （rely）on carefully gathered data，and medicines usually target the part of the bodythat is ill directly．Nowadays，more and more doctors and researchers are trying to combine bothmedicines．Researchers at major universities in China (5) （involve），as are some atLeiden University in the Netherlands，Yale University and other institutions．So far，teams have found that gastritis（胃炎）patients who would be identified as (6) （have）either hot or cold (7) （symptom）by a TCM doctor do indeed have different bacteria on their tongues．Depending on (8) they are a hot or cold case，patients might benefit from (9) （slight）different therapies - an approach which borrows from the individualized treatment method of TCM．Many researchers are optimistic that both medicines can benefit from each other．As one expert said，in such a big-data time，a new way can be eventually found (10) （connect）Eastern and Western medicine．【答案】【小题1】at【小题2】and【小题3】healthy【小题4】relies【小题5】are involved【小题6】having【小题7】symptoms【小题8】whether【小题9】slightly【小题10】to connect【解析】1． at．考查介词，at first glance：第一眼，故填at．2． and．考查连词，这里表示并列，故填连词and．3． healthy．考查形容词，根据前面的系动词keep，可知后面填写形容词，故填healthy．4． relies．考查动词，主语是Western medicine，而且是一般现在时，故填relies．5． are involved．考查语态，主语是 Researchers，被涉及，故填are involved．6． having．考查现在分词，as是介词，后面跟名词或者名词短语，故填动名词having．7． symptoms．考查名词，热或冷的症状，不止一种症状，故填名词复数symptoms．8． whether．考查连词，whether…or ：是否，故填whether．9． slightly．考查副词，副词修饰形容词different，故填slightly．10． to connect．考查不定式，be found to do sth：被发现做某事，故填to connect．文章讲述了传统的中医，现在很多医生将中西医结合．在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词．要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充．考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．I once volunteered to teach English in Thailand． On arrival， I was surprisingto learn that I had to go to school by train． The next day I met the kids． They looked。

8
23．（ 本 小 题 10 分 ） 在 平 面 直 角 坐 标 系 xoy 中 ， 曲 线 C1 的 参 数 方 程 为
xt 曲线 C2 的 (t为参数，m R) 以原点为极点， x 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系， y m t
极坐标方程为
2
3 ( 0, [0, ]) . 1 2 sin 2
5 ， 9
解得 ： p A 选项.
1 1 2 4 ，则 ： D X np 1 p 2 , D Y 32 D X 4 。本题选择 3 3 3 9
8.高考结束后 6 名同学游览我市包括日月湖在内的 6 个景区，每名同学任选一个景区游览， 则有且只有两名同学选择日月湖景区的方案有（ A. 答案 D 9.已知双曲线 种 B. 种 C. 种 ） D. 种
x2 y2 1(a 0, b 0) 的 一 条 渐 近 线 恰 好 是 曲 线 a2 b2
2 6 ， 3
C2 : x 2 y 2 2 x 2 2 y 0 在原点处的切线，且双曲线的顶点到渐近线的距离为
则曲线的方程为（ ）
A.
x2 y2 1 12 8
B.
x2 y2 1 16 8
）
1．C 详解：∵i（2﹣z）=3+i，∴z=2﹣=1+3i，∴|z|=．故选：C． 2.“ x 3 且 y 3 ”是“ x y 6 ”成立的（ A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 ） C. 充要条件 D. 即不充分也不必要条件
2．A 解析若“ x 3 且 y 3 ”成立，则“ x y 6 ”一定成立．反之，若“ x y 6 ”成 立时，但“ x 3 且 y 3 ”不一定成立．故“ x 3 且 y 3 ”是“ x y 6 ”成立的充分 不必要条件．选 A． 3．将两颗骰子各掷一次，设事件 A 为“两次点数之和为 6 点” ，事件 B 为“两次点数相同” ， 则概率的值为（ A. B. C. ） D.

2017-2018学年福建省泉州市安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学联考高三（上）期中数学试卷（文科）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．（5分）已知=1+i（i为虚数单位），则复数z=（）A．1+i B．1﹣i C．﹣1+i D．﹣1﹣i2．（5分）命题“∃x0∈（0，+∞），lnx0=x0﹣1”的否定是（）A．∃x0∈（0，+∞），lnx0≠x0﹣1 B．∃x0∉（0，+∞），lnx0=x0﹣1C．∀x∈（0，+∞），lnx≠x﹣1 D．∀x∉（0，+∞），lnx=x﹣13．（5分）实数a=0.2，b=log0.2，c=的大小关系正确的是（）A．a＜c＜b B．a＜b＜c C．b＜a＜c D．b＜c＜a4．（5分）如图是某几何体的三视图，其中正视图是腰长为2的等腰三角形，俯视图是半径为1的半圆，则该几何体的体积是（）A．B．C．D．5．（5分）已知{a n}是公差为1的等差数列，S n为{a n}的前n项和，若S8=4S4，则a10=（）A．B．C．10 D．126．（5分）定义在R上的函数f（x）满足f（﹣x）=﹣f（x），f（x）=f（x+4），且x∈（﹣1，0）时，f（x）=2x+，则f（log220）=（）A．1 B．C．﹣1 D．﹣7．（5分）已知点A的坐标为（4，1），将OA绕坐标原点O逆时针旋转至OB，则点B的纵坐标为（）A．B．C．D．8．（5分）已知函数y=f（x）的图象在点（1，f（1））处的切线方程是x﹣2y+1=0，若g（x）=．则g′（1）=（）A．B．﹣ C．﹣ D．29．（5分）如图，平行四边形ABCD中，AB=2，AD=1，∠A=60°，点M在AB边上，且AM=AB，则等于（）A．﹣1 B．1 C．﹣D．10．（5分）等比数列{a n}中，a1=2，a8=4，函数f（x）=x（x﹣a1）（x﹣a2）…（x ﹣a8），则f′（0）=（）A．26B．29C．212D．21511．（5分）已知O为坐标原点，A（1，2），点P（x，y）满足约束条件，则Z=•的最大值为（）A．﹣2 B．﹣1 C．1 D．212．（5分）已知球O的半径为R，A，B，C三点在球O的球面上，球心O到平面ABC的距离为R．AB=AC=2，∠BAC=120°，则球O的表面积为（）A．πB．πC．πD．π二、填空题（本题共4道小题，每小题5分，共20分）13．（5分）函数y=的定义域为．14．（5分）我国古代数学名著《张邱建算经》有“分钱问题”：今有与人钱，初一人与三钱，次一人与四钱，次一人与五钱，以次与之，转多一钱，与讫，还敛聚与均分之，人得一百钱，问人几何？意思是：将钱分给若干人，第一人给3钱，第二人给4钱，第三人给5钱，以此类推，每人比前一人多给1钱，分完后，再把钱收回平均分给各人，结果每人分得100钱，问有多少人？则题中的人数是．15．（5分）当时，函数的最小值为．16．（5分）已知f（x）是定义在R上的偶函数，其导函数f′（x），若f′（x）＜f （x），且f（x+1）=f（2﹣x），f（2016）=3，则不等式f（x）＜3e x的解集为．三、解答题（共70分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤）17．（10分）已知函数f（x）=x3﹣ax2+bx+5，在x=﹣2和处取得极值．（1）求函数f（x）的解析式；（2）求函数f（x）在[﹣4，1]上的最值．18．（12分）已知等差数列{a n}的各项均为正数，．在a1=1，且a3，a4+成等比数列，（1）求a n的通项公式（2）设b n=，求{b n}的前n项．19．（12分）在△ABC中，内角A，B，C所对的边分别为a，b，c，b≠c，且sin2C ﹣sin2B=sinBcosB﹣sinCcosC．（1）求角A的大小；（2）若a=，sinC=，求△ABC的面积．20．（12分）如图，在多面体ABCDM中，△BCD是等边三角形，△CMD是等腰直角三角形，∠CMD=90°，平面CMD⊥平面BCD，AB⊥平面BCD，点O为CD的中点，连接OM．（Ⅰ）求证：OM∥平面ABD；（Ⅱ）若AB=BC=2，求三棱锥A﹣BDM的体积．21．（12分）某校内有一块以O为圆心，R（R为常数，单位为米）为半径的半圆形（如图）荒地，该校总务处计划对其开发利用，其中弓形BCDB区域（阴影部分）用于种植学校观赏植物，△OBD区域用于种植花卉出售，其余区域用于种植草皮出售．已知种植学校观赏植物的成本是每平方米20元，种植花卉的利润是每平方米80元，种植草皮的利润是每平方米30元．=f（θ）；（1）设∠BOD=θ（单位：弧度），用θ表示弓形BCDB的面积S弓（2）如果该校总务处邀请你规划这块土地，如何设计∠BOD的大小才能使总利润最大？并求出该最大值．（参考公式：扇形面积公式S=R2θ=Rl，l表示扇形的弧长）22．（12分）已知函数f（x）=﹣alnx．（1）若函数f（x）有两个不同的零点，求实数a的取值范围；（2）求当x＞1时，f（x）＞0恒成立的a的取值范围，并证明ln2+ln3+ln4+…+lnn ＜（n≥2，n∈N*）．2017-2018学年福建省泉州市安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学联考高三（上）期中数学试卷（文科）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．（5分）已知=1+i（i为虚数单位），则复数z=（）A．1+i B．1﹣i C．﹣1+i D．﹣1﹣i【解答】解：∵已知=1+i（i为虚数单位），∴z===﹣1﹣i，故选：D．2．（5分）命题“∃x0∈（0，+∞），lnx0=x0﹣1”的否定是（）A．∃x0∈（0，+∞），lnx0≠x0﹣1 B．∃x0∉（0，+∞），lnx0=x0﹣1C．∀x∈（0，+∞），lnx≠x﹣1 D．∀x∉（0，+∞），lnx=x﹣1【解答】解：命题的否定是：∀x∈（0，+∞），lnx≠x﹣1，故选：C．3．（5分）实数a=0.2，b=log0.2，c=的大小关系正确的是（）A．a＜c＜b B．a＜b＜c C．b＜a＜c D．b＜c＜a【解答】解：根据指数函数和对数函数的性质，知log0.2＜0，0＜0.2＜1，，即0＜a＜1，b＜0，c＞1，∴b＜a＜c．故选：C．4．（5分）如图是某几何体的三视图，其中正视图是腰长为2的等腰三角形，俯视图是半径为1的半圆，则该几何体的体积是（）A．B．C．D．【解答】解：由三视图知几何体的直观图是半个圆锥，又∵正视图是腰长为2的等腰三角形∴r=1，h=∴故选：D．5．（5分）已知{a n}是公差为1的等差数列，S n为{a n}的前n项和，若S8=4S4，则a10=（）A．B．C．10 D．12【解答】解：∵{a n}是公差为1的等差数列，S8=4S4，∴8a1+×1=4×（4a1+），解得a1=．则a10=+9×1=．故选：B．6．（5分）定义在R上的函数f（x）满足f（﹣x）=﹣f（x），f（x）=f（x+4），且x∈（﹣1，0）时，f（x）=2x+，则f（log220）=（）A．1 B．C．﹣1 D．﹣【解答】解：∵log220∈（4，5），∴log220﹣4∈（0，1），∴4﹣log220∈（﹣1，0），又∵定义在R上的函数f（x）满足f（﹣x）=﹣f（x），f（x）=f（x+4），∴f（log220）=f（log220﹣4）=﹣f（4﹣log220），∵x∈（﹣1，0）时，f（x）=2x+，∴f（4﹣log220）=+=+=16÷20+=1，故f（log220）=﹣1，故选：C．7．（5分）已知点A的坐标为（4，1），将OA绕坐标原点O逆时针旋转至OB，则点B的纵坐标为（）A．B．C．D．【解答】解：∵点A的坐标为（4，1），∴设∠xOA=θ，则sinθ==，cosθ==，将OA绕坐标原点O逆时针旋转至OB，则OB的倾斜角为θ+，则|OB|=|OA|=，则点B的纵坐标为y=|OB|sin（θ+）=7（sinθcos+cosθsin）=7（×+）=+6=，故选：D．8．（5分）已知函数y=f（x）的图象在点（1，f（1））处的切线方程是x﹣2y+1=0，若g（x）=．则g′（1）=（）A．B．﹣ C．﹣ D．2【解答】解：∵函数y=f（x）的图象在点（1，f（1））处的切线方程是x﹣2y+1=0，∴f（1）=1，f′（1）=，∵g（x）=，∴g′（x）=，则g′（1）===，故选：A．9．（5分）如图，平行四边形ABCD中，AB=2，AD=1，∠A=60°，点M在AB边上，且AM=AB，则等于（）A．﹣1 B．1 C．﹣D．【解答】解：∵AM=AB，AB=2，AD=1，∠A=60°，∴∴=（）•（）===1+×4=1故选：B．10．（5分）等比数列{a n}中，a1=2，a8=4，函数f（x）=x（x﹣a1）（x﹣a2）…（x ﹣a8），则f′（0）=（）A．26B．29C．212D．215【解答】解：考虑到求导中f′（0），含有x项均取0，得：f′（0）=a1a2a3…a8=（a1a8）4=212．故选：C．11．（5分）已知O为坐标原点，A（1，2），点P（x，y）满足约束条件，则Z=•的最大值为（）A．﹣2 B．﹣1 C．1 D．2【解答】解：由于点P（x，y）满足约束条件，画出可行域．设P（x，y）．则Z=•=x+2y，化为y=﹣x+，当此直线经过点M（0，1）时，Z取得最大值=0+1×2=2．∴Z=•的最大值为2．故选：D．12．（5分）已知球O的半径为R，A，B，C三点在球O的球面上，球心O到平面ABC的距离为R．AB=AC=2，∠BAC=120°，则球O的表面积为（）A．πB．πC．πD．π【解答】解：在△ABC中，∵AB=AC=2，∠BAC=120°，∴BC==2，由正弦定理可得平面ABC截球所得圆的半径（即△ABC的外接圆半径），r==2，又∵球心到平面ABC的距离d=R，∴球O的半径R=，∴R2=故球O的表面积S=4πR2=π，故选：D．二、填空题（本题共4道小题，每小题5分，共20分）13．（5分）函数y=的定义域为（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，3）．【解答】解：要使函数有意义，则，得，即1＜x＜3或x＜﹣1，即函数的定义域为（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，3），故答案为：（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，3）14．（5分）我国古代数学名著《张邱建算经》有“分钱问题”：今有与人钱，初一人与三钱，次一人与四钱，次一人与五钱，以次与之，转多一钱，与讫，还敛聚与均分之，人得一百钱，问人几何？意思是：将钱分给若干人，第一人给3钱，第二人给4钱，第三人给5钱，以此类推，每人比前一人多给1钱，分完后，再把钱收回平均分给各人，结果每人分得100钱，问有多少人？则题中的人数是195．【解答】解：设共有n人，根据题意得；3n+=100n，解得n=195；∴一共有195人．故答案为：195．15．（5分）当时，函数的最小值为4．【解答】解：==+≥4当且仅当4sin2x=cos2x时等号成立．故答案为；416．（5分）已知f（x）是定义在R上的偶函数，其导函数f′（x），若f′（x）＜f （x），且f（x+1）=f（2﹣x），f（2016）=3，则不等式f（x）＜3e x的解集为（0，+∞）．【解答】解：根据题意，设g（x）=，其导数g′（x）==，又由f′（x）＜f（x），则有g′（x）＜0，函数g（x）在R上为减函数，又由f（x）是定义在R上的偶函数，且f（x+1）=f（2﹣x），则有f（x+1）=f（2﹣x）=f（x﹣2），则函数f（x）的周期为3；若f（2016）=3，则有f（0+3×672）=3，即g（0）==3，f（x）＜3e x⇒＜3⇒g（x）＜g（0），又由函数g（x）为减函数，则有x＞0，即不等式f（x）＜3e x的解集为（0，+∞）；故答案为：（0，+∞）．三、解答题（共70分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤）17．（10分）已知函数f（x）=x3﹣ax2+bx+5，在x=﹣2和处取得极值．（1）求函数f（x）的解析式；（2）求函数f（x）在[﹣4，1]上的最值．【解答】解：（1）∵f（x）=x3﹣ax2+bx+5，∴f'（x）=3x2﹣2ax+b，﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（2分）∵在x=﹣2和处取得极值，∴，即，﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（4分）．解得a=﹣2，b=﹣4．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（6分）∴f（x）=x3+2x2﹣4x+5．（2）∵f'（x）=3x2+4x﹣4，∴由f'（x）=0，解得x=﹣2或，当x在[﹣4，1]上变化时，f'（x）和f（x）的变化如下：∴由表格可知当x=﹣4时，函数f（x）取得最小值f（﹣4）=﹣11，在x=﹣2时，函数取得极大值同时也是最大值f（﹣2）=13，故函数f（x）在[﹣4，1]上的最大值为13和最小值为﹣11．18．（12分）已知等差数列{a n}的各项均为正数，．在a1=1，且a3，a4+成等比数列，（1）求a n的通项公式（2）设b n=，求{b n}的前n项．【解答】解：（1）设等差数列公差为d，由题意知，d＞0，因为成等比数列，所以﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（2分）所以﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（3分）即44d2﹣36d﹣45=0．所以﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（5分）∴﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（6分）（2）∵，∴﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（8分）所以{b n}的前n项和：﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（12分）19．（12分）在△ABC中，内角A，B，C所对的边分别为a，b，c，b≠c，且sin2C ﹣sin2B=sinBcosB﹣sinCcosC．（1）求角A的大小；（2）若a=，sinC=，求△ABC的面积．【解答】解：（1）由题意得，；整理得，；∴；由b≠c得，B≠C，又B+C∈（0，π）；∴；∴；∴；（2）在△ABC中，；∴由正弦定理得，；∴；由c＜a得，C＜A，∴；∴sinB=sin（A+C）=sinAcosC+cosAsinC==；∴=．20．（12分）如图，在多面体ABCDM中，△BCD是等边三角形，△CMD是等腰直角三角形，∠CMD=90°，平面CMD⊥平面BCD，AB⊥平面BCD，点O为CD的中点，连接OM．（Ⅰ）求证：OM∥平面ABD；（Ⅱ）若AB=BC=2，求三棱锥A﹣BDM的体积．【解答】（Ⅰ）证明：∵△CMD是等腰直角三角形，∠CMD=90°，点O为CD的中点，∴OM⊥CD．∵平面CMD⊥平面BCD，平面CMD∩平面BCD=CD，OM⊂平面CMD，∴OM⊥平面BCD．∵AB⊥平面BCD，∴OM∥AB．又∵AB⊂平面ABD，OM⊄平面ABD，∴OM∥平面ABD．（Ⅱ）解：由（Ⅰ）知OM∥平面ABD，∴点M到平面ABD的距离等于点O到平面ABD的距离过O作OH⊥BD，垂足为点H，∵AB⊥平面BCD，OH⊂平面BCD，∴OH⊥AB．∵AB⊂平面ABD，BD⊂平面ABD，AB∩BD=B，∴OH⊥平面ABD．∵AB=BC=2，△BCD是等边三角形，∴BD=2，OD=1，．=V M﹣ABD=V O﹣ABD==．∴V A﹣BDM∴三棱锥A﹣BDM的体积为．21．（12分）某校内有一块以O为圆心，R（R为常数，单位为米）为半径的半圆形（如图）荒地，该校总务处计划对其开发利用，其中弓形BCDB区域（阴影部分）用于种植学校观赏植物，△OBD区域用于种植花卉出售，其余区域用于种植草皮出售．已知种植学校观赏植物的成本是每平方米20元，种植花卉的利润是每平方米80元，种植草皮的利润是每平方米30元．=f（θ）；（1）设∠BOD=θ（单位：弧度），用θ表示弓形BCDB的面积S弓（2）如果该校总务处邀请你规划这块土地，如何设计∠BOD的大小才能使总利润最大？并求出该最大值．（参考公式：扇形面积公式S=R2θ=Rl，l表示扇形的弧长）【解答】解：（1）S=R2θ，S△OBD=R2sinθ，扇S弓=f（θ）=．（2）设总利润为y元，种植草皮利润为y1元，种植花卉利润为y2，种植学校观赏植物成本为y3，y1=30（πR2﹣R2θ），y2=R2sinθ•80，y3=R2（θ﹣sinθ）•20，∴y=y1+y2﹣y3=30（πR2﹣R2θ）+R2sinθ•80﹣R2（θ﹣sinθ）•20=5R2[3π﹣（5θ﹣10sinθ）]，设g（θ）=5θ﹣10sinθ θ∈（0，π）．∴g′（θ）=5﹣10cosθ∴g′（θ）＜0，cosθ＞，g（θ）在θ∈（0，）上为减函数；g′（θ）＞0，cosθ＜，g（θ）在θ∈（，π）上为增函数；当θ=时，g（θ）取到最小值，此时总利润最大：y=5R2[3π﹣（5θ﹣10sinθ）]=5R2（+5）．答：所以当园林公司把扇形的圆心角设计成时，总利润取最大值5R2（+5）．22．（12分）已知函数f（x）=﹣alnx．（1）若函数f（x）有两个不同的零点，求实数a的取值范围；（2）求当x＞1时，f（x）＞0恒成立的a的取值范围，并证明ln2+ln3+ln4+…+lnn ＜（n≥2，n∈N*）．【解答】解：（1）f （x ）有两个零点，x 2﹣alnx=0在（0，+∞）上有两实根，显然a ≠0=，令g （x ）=，g′（x ）=，令g′（x ）=0，x=，∴g （x ）在（0，）单调递增，在（，+∞）单调递减，又g （）=，x ＞1时g （x ）＞0．且x→+∞g （x ）→0∴=有两根须0＜＜，∴a ＞e ；（2）x 2﹣alnx ＞0恒成立，即x 2＞2alnx 对x ＞1恒成立，当a ≤时，显然满足； 当a ＞0时，＞，由（1）知，（g （x ））max =，＞，∴0＜a ＜e ，综上x 2﹣alnx ＞0对x ＞1恒成立的a 的范围为a ＜e 令a=2，则x 2﹣2lnx ＞0对x ＞1恒成立，即lnx ＜x 2，令x=，k=2，3，4，…，nlnk ＜k ，ln2＜，ln3＜，ln4＜，…，lnn ＜n ， ∴ln2+ln3+ln4+…+lnn ＜=．赠送—高中数学知识点【2.1.1】指数与指数幂的运算 （1）根式的概念①如果,,,1nx a a R x R n =∈∈>，且n N +∈，那么x 叫做a 的n 次方根．当n 是奇数时，a 的n n a n 是偶数时，正数a 的正的n n a 表示，负的n 次方根用符号n a -0的n 次方根是0；负数a 没有n 次方根．n a n 叫做根指数，a 叫做被开方数．当n 为奇数时，a 为任意实数；当n 为偶数时，0a ≥．③根式的性质：()n n a a =；当n 为奇数时，nn a a =；当n 为偶数时，(0)|| (0)a a a a a ≥⎧==⎨-<⎩． （2）分数指数幂的概念①正数的正分数指数幂的意义是：0,,,m na a m n N +=>∈且1)n >．0的正分数指数幂等于0．②正数的负分数指数幂的意义是： 11()()(0,,,m m m nn n aa m n N a a-+==>∈且1)n >．0的负分数指数幂没有意义． 注意口诀：底数取倒数，指数取相反数．（3）分数指数幂的运算性质①(0,,)r s r s a a a a r s R +⋅=>∈ ②()(0,,)r s rs a a a r s R =>∈ ③()(0,0,)r r r ab a b a b r R =>>∈【2.1.2】指数函数及其性质 （4）指数函数〖2.2〗对数函数【2.2.1】对数与对数运算（1）对数的定义①若(0,1)xa N a a =>≠且，则x 叫做以a 为底N 的对数，记作log a x N =，其中a 叫做底数，N 叫做真数．②负数和零没有对数．③对数式与指数式的互化：log (0,1,0)x a x N a N a a N =⇔=>≠>． （2）几个重要的对数恒等式log 10a =，log 1a a =，log b a a b =．（3）常用对数与自然对数常用对数：lg N ，即10log N ；自然对数：ln N ，即log e N （其中 2.71828e =…）． （4）对数的运算性质 如果0,1,0,0a a M N >≠>>，那么①加法：log log log ()a a a M N MN += ②减法：log log log a a a MM N N-= ③数乘：log log ()n a a n M M n R =∈ ④log a Na N =⑤log log (0,)b n a a nM M b n R b=≠∈ ⑥换底公式：log log (0,1)log b a b NN b b a=>≠且【2.2.2】对数函数及其性质。

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2017-2018学年高二生物下学期期末联考试题一、选择题(40题，共60分；每题只有一个正确答案，1－20每题1分、21－40每题2分) 1。

下列关于原核细胞和真核细胞的叙述，正确的是A。

原核细胞与真核细胞的主要区别是细胞壁的成分不同B。

原核细胞的遗传物质为RNA，真核细胞的遗传物质为DNAC.原核细胞没有染色体,但有环状DNA分子D.原核细胞进行无丝分裂，真核细胞进行有丝分裂2.下列化合物中，含化学元素种类最少的一组是①胰岛素②乳糖③核苷酸④磷脂⑤脂肪⑥RNA ⑦抗体⑧纤维素A．①②⑦ B．④⑤⑧ C．②⑤⑧ D．③⑥⑧3。

经测定某化合物含C、H、O、N、S等元素，下列哪项不可能是该化合物的功能A．与抗原物质发生特异性结合 B．携带氨基酸进入核糖体C．用于基因工程获得黏性末端 D．可连接上抗癌药物制成“生物导弹”4。

某生物体内的嘌呤碱基占总数的50％，具这种特点的可能性较小的生物是①烟草花叶病毒②T2噬菌体③大肠杆菌④酵母菌和人A。

①③④ B。

①②④ C.②③④ D。

①②③5。

下列对细胞中元素和化合物的叙述正确的是A．ATP、染色体中含有的五碳糖都是脱氧核糖 B．磷脂、质粒都含有的元素是C、H、O、N、PC．酶都是由氨基酸组成的 D．细胞内的水是良好的溶剂和生物体内物质运输的主要介质6.以下几种酶中与图中所指的化学键形成或断裂有关的有几种①DNA限制性核酸内切酶②DNA连接酶③DNA聚合酶④RNA聚合酶⑤解旋酶⑥DNA水解酶A。