非结核分枝肺病的CT诊断与
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非结核分枝杆菌肺病的CT表现分析目的:探讨非结核分枝杆菌肺病CT表现特点及其与肺结核病的鉴别要点。
方法:回顾性分析经临床确诊的18例非结核分枝杆菌肺病的CT表现特点。
结果:CT上最常见为结节影,本组18例均可见;其次为斑片状影16例、支气管扩张13例、空洞及纤维索条各11例。
以上病变均以多种形态混杂共存,多数为两侧多叶散在分布,双肺累及12例,2个肺叶及以上受累16例;上叶比下叶多,上叶受累17例。
结论:非结核分枝杆菌肺病的CT主要表现结节影、斑片状影、支气管扩张、空洞及纤维条索,影像表现具备一定特点,但单从影像上和继发型肺结核鉴别困难,多种性质病变同时累及多个肺叶是该病的特点,当出现上述表现或临床规则抗结核治疗疗效欠佳时,应考虑到非结核分支杆菌肺病的可能。
[Abstract] Objective:To investigate the NTM pulmonary disease CT performance characteristics and in differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Method:To retrospective analysis of the CT features of 18 cases of NTM pulmonary disease patients.Result:Nodule was the most common CT appearance,all were found in 18 cases,secondly were patchy shadow in 16 cases of total,bronchiectasis in 13 cases,empty and fiber cord each in 11 cases.These lesions were in a variety of morphology of the hybrid coexist,the majority of many on both sides of the leaf scattered,12 cases of lung involvement,16 patients had two or more than two lobes of lung involvement,17 cases of patients with upper lobe involvement,upper lobe than the lower lobe involvement.Conclusion:Nodules,patchy shadow,bronchiectasis,empty,fibers of the cable core are the most common non mycobacterium pulmonary disease manifestations of CT,but only from the image and secondary pulmonary,tuberculosis identification is difficult,many properties of lesions and involved multiple lobe is characteristic of the disease,when the above performance or the clinical rule of poor efficacy of anti tuberculosis treatment,consideration should be given to the non tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis may.[Key words] NTM pulmonary disease;CT结核分枝杆菌复合群和麻风分支杆菌以外的非结核分枝杆菌(non tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的疾病称为非结核分枝杆菌病,主要引起肺部病变,亦可侵犯淋巴结、皮肤、软组织和骨骼系统。
非结核分枝杆菌病诊断与处理详细讲解非结核分枝杆菌病(Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterium,简称NTM),是由非结核分枝杆菌引起的一类感染性疾病。
与结核病不同,NTM病往往在免疫功能低下的个体中发生。
NTM病病程相对较长,症状多样,通常不会自愈。
如果不及时进行诊断和治疗,将对患者的健康产生严重影响。
本文将详细讲解NTM病的诊断与处理。
一、诊断NTM病的诊断主要依靠以下几个方面:病史调查、临床表现分析、实验室检查以及影像学检查等。
1. 病史调查:患者的个人病史对于NTM病的诊断非常重要。
医生需要了解患者的基本信息、既往病史以及可能的风险因素,例如是否有免疫功能低下等。
2. 临床表现分析:NTM病的临床表现多样,常见的症状包括咳嗽、咳痰、乏力、发热等。
这些症状不容忽视,特别是对于长期咳嗽伴有咳痰的患者。
医生需要结合患者的具体表现来判断是否需要进行NTM病的进一步检查。
3. 实验室检查:实验室检查是确定NTM病诊断的重要手段之一。
目前常见的实验室检查方法有痰液培养、DNA检测、中和试验等。
其中痰液培养是最常用的检查方法,可以通过培养痰液样本中的分枝杆菌来确定是否感染NTM。
此外,DNA检测和中和试验也可以用来确认NTM病的诊断。
4. 影像学检查:影像学检查在NTM病的诊断中起到重要的辅助作用。
常见的影像学检查方法有X线胸片、胸部CT等。
NTM病在影像学上通常表现为肺部或其他器官的结节、空洞、磨玻璃样阴影等。
医生可以通过影像学检查来确定病变的范围和程度,为进一步治疗提供依据。
二、处理NTM病的处理主要包括药物治疗、免疫调节治疗以及手术治疗等。
具体处理方案应根据患者的具体情况来制定。
1. 药物治疗:药物治疗是NTM病的主要治疗方法。
常用的抗生素有环丙沙星、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酮等。
治疗方案应根据病原菌的类型、感染部位、药敏试验结果以及患者的肝肾功能等因素来确定。
药物治疗一般需要长期进行,通常持续数月甚至数年。
非结核分支杆菌肺病10例的影像学特点及分析目的提高临床医师对非结核分枝杆菌肺病的CT影像学表现的认识,减少漏诊和误诊。
方法回顾性研究2009年9月~2013年9月经确诊的10例非结核分枝杆菌肺病的CT影像学表现,分析病变形态和累及范围。
结果10例非结核分枝杆菌肺病的病灶累及右肺的5例(50%),累及左肺的3例(30%),双肺累及的2例(20%),其中病灶分布于右上肺尖的5例(50%);肺内出现空洞8例(80%),其中5例为发生于2个肺叶以上的多发空洞,空洞周围浸润的3例;肺内出现支气管扩张7例(70%);支气管播散少见1例(10%)。
结论临床上当患者接受正规抗结核治疗无效而反复排菌,影像学表现为结节影、小斑片影、空洞、实变和支气管扩张等多种病变形态同时存在,特别是出现近胸膜下薄壁空洞时,需考虑NTM肺病,积极进行痰培养及菌种鉴定,减少漏诊和误诊。
[Abstract] Objective To improve the acknowledge of clinicians on CT imaging findings of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease,and reduce the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods The CT imaging findings of 10 cases with nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease confirmed from September 2009 to September 2013 were retrospectively studied,and the lesions form and involved area were analyzed. Results In 10 cases with nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease,there were 5 cases(50%)with lesions involving the right lung,3 cases (30%)with lesions involving the left lung,and 2 cases(20%)with lesions involving the both lungs,of which 5 cases(50%)with lesions locating in the apex of right upper lung;8 cases(80%)occurred pulmonary cavity,of which 5 cases occurred multiple cavities that located in the more than 2 pulmonary lobes,3 cases occurred pericavity infiltration;7 cases(70%)occurred pulmonary bronchiectasis;1 case(10%)occurred scarce bronchogenic spread. Conclusion When the patients have invalid effect after receiving formal anti-TB therapy and occur repeated discharge of bacteria in clinical,the imaging findings show that many lesions form exist during the same period,including nodule shadows,small patchy shadows,cavities,consolidation and bronchiectasis,especially when it appears nearly subpleural thin-walled cavity,the nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease should be considered,and sputum culture and strain identification should be positively done for reducing the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.[Key words] Nontuberculous mycobacteria;Nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease;CT study非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)是分枝杆菌属内除结核分支杆菌复合群(结核分支杆菌、牛分支杆菌、非洲分支杆菌)和麻风分枝杆菌以外的其他分枝杆菌[1]。