考博英语翻译

我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。

她对我说，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。

我朋友说，她可能会学着直面坏结果。

但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。

孟克(Edvard Munch)的名画《呐喊》哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特(Daniel Gilbert)不久前在《纽约时报》(New York Times)的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的感觉更糟。

我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、抽烟发泄，并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌1000点，而是因为我们不知道道指会不会下跌──不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折磨人。

【英文】A close friend of mine recently underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing part of the ordeal, she said, was the week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome she could learn to cope with, my friend said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty, that was so difficult.'People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur,' wrote Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don't know whether it will fall or not ─ and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they're uncertain about.'一艘货轮卸货后在浩瀚的大海上返航时，突然遭遇了可怕的风暴。

百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！分类词汇homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous(＜＞ heterogeneous)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainstream 主流主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视 racial/***ual discrimination? discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 (? insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 (＜＞traitor)à patriotic, patriotismnotoriety 恶名 (? notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate 下级下级的＜＞ superiortactics 战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningcompatriot 同胞同胞的 com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的(à punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had ***ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (＜＞ partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制1百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！vogue 时尚 ^ chicbizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 (＜＞ qualitative)contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ~ ethics, ＜＞ unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理 assistant president综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation 台独"independence 台湾当局 Taiwan 台湾同胞 Taiwan stateof Taiwan" authorities compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

医学考博英语翻译训练题：艾滋之谜揭晓An AIDS Mystery Solved（1）About 15 years ago，a well－meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV－1，the virus that causes AIDS．Much later，public－health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions？containing his blood had become infected with the same virus；presumably they were almost sure to die．But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment．Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS．More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy．In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all．What could explain such unexpected good fortune？（2）A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery．The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science．contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous？．“Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，” marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re－search，“but the prediction is that they never will．” Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant？that protects its carriers against more virulent strains？of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th－century milkmaids．（3）If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late－20th century’s most terrible epidemic．For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far－reaching implications．“What these results suggest，” says Dr．Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it．”（4）The strain of HIV that popped up？in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication．In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene — known as nef，for negative factor — that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function．And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells — white blood cells that are critical to theimmune system’s ability to ward off infection — it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence．Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells．People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher．（5）At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers．If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full－blown AIDS．The need for better AIDS－fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U．S．Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease？inhibitors？．Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold．（6）What scientists really want is a vaccine that can prevent infection altogether．And that’s what makes the Sydney virus so promising — and so controversial．Could HIV itself，stripped of nef and adjacent sections of genetic material，provide the basis for such a vaccine，as Deacon and his colleagues cautiously suggest？Ongoing work on SIV，the simian？immunodeficiency virus that causes an AIDS－like illness in monkeys，indicates that this might be less far－fetched than it sounds．Ronald Desrosiers at the New England Regional Primate Re－search Center has demonstrated that when the nef gene is removed from SIV，the virus no longer has the power to make monkeys sick．Moreover，monkeys inoculated？with the nef free SIV developed marked resistance to the more virulent strain．（7）But few scientists are enthusiastic about testing the proposition by injecting HIV — however weakened — into millions of people who have never been infected．After all，they note，HIV is a retrovirus？，a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate their own genes into the DNA of the cells they infect．Thus once it takes effect，a retrovirus infection —unlike those of viruses that cause measles，smallpox and any number of others diseases — is permanent．While some retroviruses are benign，others can strike without warning．Some remain hidden for years，only to trigger disease late in life when the immune system starts to decrease．（8）This makes vaccine development extremely risky．A weakened strain of SIV that protected adult monkeys，for example，looked safe untilresearchers at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston showed that newborn monkeys with immature immune systems did not respond as healthy adults do．All the young primates，in fact，developed the very disease the weakened virus was supposed to prevent．For this and a host of other reasons，most AIDS researchers argue that the only prudent strategy is to concoct？a hybrid？vaccine，putting the key features of a disabled AIDS virus into something more benign than a retrovirus．Among the leading candidates：the vaccinia virus that successfully wiped out smallpox．（9）A handful of researchers，however，argue that the more dangerous retroviral vaccine should not be written off prematurely．Desrosiers，for one，believes the situation in parts of the developing world （where the chance of HIV infection may reach 40% among sexually active adults）has become so desperate that a retroviral vaccine may be worth the ______．A live vaccine made from HIV，he maintains，can be made safer by removing not just the nef gene but several others as well．Desrosiers has found that he can cripple HIV by chemically deleting four of its nine known genes and still get a virus that replicates，at least in chimpanzees．（10）At present，concerns about safety are so overwhelming that efforts to develop a live retroviral vaccine are unlikely to win much support．But that could change as studies of long－term survivors — that small，charmed circle of people who have been infected with the AIDS virus but have remained disease-free — provide new insights into the weaknesses of the viral enemy and the untapped strengths of its human targets．“These individuals，” observes Dr．Warner Greene，director of the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology in San Francisco，“are natural experiments，and they hold a great secret that we are still trying to decipher？．” Indeed，it is entirely possible that the eight Australians who have caused such a stir will be cited by medical texts as the first people on the planet to be successfully，if accidentally，vaccinated against the AIDS virus — a virus that until now has seemed all but invincible．【译文】艾滋之谜揭晓（1）大约在15年前，澳大利亚悉尼有一位人士好心向红十字会捐血，不知道自己已感染HIV－1型——这是造成艾滋病的病毒。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously（） relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。

根据句子关键词disagreement over trade restrictions（关于贸易限制的分歧）和relations（关系）可猜测，空格部分表示“贸易分歧恶化了关系”，因此四个选项中只有jeopardize符合。

句意：贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国关系。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题The belief that it’s healthy to let off steam no longer（）for we are working under heavy pressure.问题1选项A.holdsB.carriesC.takesD.stands【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项hold“拥有，持有”，B项carry“拿，携带”，C项take“行得通，花费”，D项stand“站立，位于”。

根据句子可知，空格部分是和名词belief（信念）构成主谓，把四个选项分别代入，只有take符合。

句意：因为我们在巨大的压力下工作，所以不再相信释放压力是有益健康的。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题John has such（）power that his friends always behave in the way that he wants them to. 问题1选项A.convincingB.feasibleC.operationalD.manipulative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。

江西财经大学考博英语翻译真题及其解析1.1997年英译汉试题及参考译文：Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights，to be sure，it necessarily follows that animals have none.72）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore，animals cannot have rights.The idea of Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reason，so is the idea that tigers have ringhts.However，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested one.It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people―for instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who saysI dont like this contract?The point is this without agreement on the rights of people，arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.This is a falsechoice.Better to start with another，more fundamental question:is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake―a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view，which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood，may seem bravelylogical.In fact it is simply shallow:the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl―is to weigh others interests against one s own.This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without which there is no capacity for moral thought.To see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens，it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1997年英译汉试题参考译文:动物有权力吗?问题通常就是这样提出的。

北理工05翻译A. Translate the following two short paragraphs into Chinese.(10 points)1. We do not make mistakes on the basis of race or color. We don not make them because we are male or female, young or old. We do no make mistakes of choice or judgments because we want to make mistakes. We make them because we are human. Mistakes, bad judgments, the stupid things we do are all a part of being human. We cannot hide from who we are. We should not hide from what we do. When we acknowledge our mistakes or errors and face up to our human shortcomings, no one can use them against us.2. We are first and foremost responsible to and for ourselves. We can help other people. We can assist other people. What we cannot do is make what we do for others or others do for us more important than what we do for ourselves. When we find something or someone creating in our lives something we don not want, we must muster the courage and strength to tell them to stop it. When we do, we preserve our sense of self.B. Translate the following two paragraphs into English.(20 points)几年前我认识一个非常聪明但任性的中国青年，他急切地想去美国读大学，但又没有被他申请的长春藤合会名牌大学录取。

考博英语summary作文及翻译部分博士研究生招生院校考博英语题型中作文部分要求学生写200字左右英文摘要即summary，对于很多没有接触过的考试感到无从下笔，下面新东方在线考博频道将为大家详细介绍2017考博英语作文摘要的写作步骤。

摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。

另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。

这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。

因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。

考博英语作文摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。

第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。

如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。

阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B.给摘要起一个标题。

用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。

也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。

主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。

一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。

对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。

摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

2004 答案1.英译汉第一次世界大战和经济大萧条迫使人们不得不重新冷静地评价来势迅猛的技术大爆炸。

一种思想派别——技术确定主义认为，现代社会再也不是19世纪及20世纪初期的工业年头了。

他们说，后工业时代社会已经成为一种现实。

先进电子技术所带来的困难的社会技术网络已经使国家的政府机构，资本主义性质的公司和人口拥挤的城市失去原有的作用。

2.汉译英Moon gazing is an ancient art. To prehistoric hunters their understanding of the moon overhead was a unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was the reborn. They knew that the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset while the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise.2003 答案1.英译汉：如今，城市化比以前任何时候都更有影响。

它是世界性的，到处都可以感受到它的影响。

结合国的统计数字说明，在约30年的时间里，全世界过半的人口将住在城市里。

这是个具有深远意义的转变，或许是人类史的一个重要里程碑并将以如今无法想象的方式去影响着人类和大自然。

整个人类的定居史都与地形学和资源有着亲密的联络。

直到几个世纪之前，人类定居形式还是主要由农业、渔业、采矿业、水利和国防而定。

城镇和村落相继开展成了商业和市场中心，效劳于落后地区。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Translate the following text into English.在今天的中国，平均每天有24万人成为互联网的新用户，平均每400个中国人就拥有一个网站。

按照目前的发展速度，再过两年，中国的互联网使用者将超过5亿，互联网的普及率将从目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。

对于一个发展中国家而言，互联网能够如此快速普及是一大奇迹。

中国人民从互联网受益匪浅。

在中国，互联网正广泛应用于电子政务、电子商务、公共教育、新闻传播等各个领域。

电子商务在中国快速发展，中国电子商务交易总额在过去5年保持45%以上的年均增长速度，2008年超过4600亿美元。

【答案】In China today, on average, 240,000 people per day become new users of the Internet and every 400 Chinese possess one website. At the current rate of development, China will have more than 500 million Internet users and the Internet penetration rate will rise from the current 25.5% to 38.5% in two years. For a developing country, the rapid popularization of the Internet is a miracle. Chinese people have benefited a lot from the Internet. In China, the Internet is being widely used in various fields such as e-government, e-business, public education, journalism and communication and so on. In China, E-commerce is developing rapidly .The total value of e-commerce transactions in China has maintained an average annual growth rate of more than 45% over the past five years, exceeding $460 billion in 2008.2.单选题The performance of this reasonably priced record player is（）in quality to that of some more expensive hi-fi sets.问题1选项parableparedC.parallelD.alike 【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。

中科院博士研究生英语写作分析及范文1999.32000.32001.32002.32002.102003.32003.102004.32005.3题目解析：“如何减少交通事故?”这道作文题目简洁明了，比较容易把握。

正确地理解本题最重要的是抓住题眼，也就是“如何”这个词。

本题十分明确地要求考生专门讨论解决某一现象或问题的具体措施，而有的考生没能紧紧围绕解决办法多着笔墨，而去分析交通事故这个问题背后的根源，显然无法取得理想的成绩。

范文：With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people. In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects.Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person. Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.Secondly, the Ministry of Communications should make every effort to better the poor traffic environment. We need traffic police to be responsible for their job. If our policemen can be committed to what they are doing, the traffic condition will surely be improved.Thirdly, every member of the society should realize the seriousness of traffic accidents, which not only bring mischief to the drivers themselves, but also lead their families into bitterness. As drivers, they should not drink alcohol before driving. As walkers, they should not cross the street when red light is still on.In a word, it is the task of the whole society to solve the traffic accidents. I believe the traffic accidents will be reduced through the endeavor of everyone, and our society will have a nice traffic order and environment. (220 words)2006.3题目解析：本题首先列出了一个现实生活中的现象：中国虽然拥有世界上最多的人口和大量的研究工作者，却至今没能培养出一名诺贝尔奖获得者。