2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】

2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】导读：本文2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

【第一篇：健康的乐观主义】大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。

但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。

哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。

”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有的结果。

Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。

比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。

他会提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔获，总会有一些演讲比其它演讲效果差。

接着是重塑，他分析了这个效果不好的演讲，并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。

最后，需要有这样一种观点，那就是承认，在广阔的生命当中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。

参考译文Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of thingsthat happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.【第二篇：希望工程】Project Hope is a public good project launched in1989, the goal of which is to help young dropouts inpoverty-stricken areas. The two major tasks ofProject Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schoolsand fund the poor students. China is still adeveloping country, thus shortage of education fundin poverty-stricken areas is still a severe problem. Because of poverty, more than 30 millionchildren between the ages of 6-14 are unable to attend school or are forced to drop out. Theimplement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dropouts and improves theschool faculties in poverty-stricken areas. The development of basic education is thus greatlyenhanced and the fine tradition of taking pleasure in helping others isalso promoted. 参考翻译: 希望工程(Project Hope)是于1989年发起的一项公益事业，以救助贫困地区失学儿童(young dropouts)为目的。

1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other localdistricts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troopsare withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. ClozeDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor MitchAltman of San Fran cisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensiveDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsor ed by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals. McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at P urdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.。

【导语】努⼒的苦读，把你的实⼒全部发挥，所有关爱着你的⼈，都会为你祝福、祈祷，努⼒备考，相信你会考出满意的成绩，考⼊理想院校！以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习【五篇】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇：儒家看婚姻】To the Confucians, marriage is of great importance toboth family and the society. As for family, marriagecan bring families of different surnames together,and continue the family life of the concerned clans.Socially, a married couple is the basic unit of thepopulation;sometimes marriages can even affect the country's political stability andinternational relations. From the perspective of Confucianism, one purpose of marriage is tocultivate virtue.The Chinese have seen that marriage should be founded on love since theconcept of monogamy is deeply rooted in their mindset. Due to the concept of filial piety andpropriety, marriage has become a costly affair and been seen as second only to funeralceremonies. The employ of a matchmaker can ensure that the husband and wife arecompatible with each other,but primarily work in the families'best interests. 参考翻译： 儒家学派(Confucianism)认为婚姻对家庭和社会都有重⼤意义。

2018 年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一 (Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once, after you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● D Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. On campus B. At he dentist’sC.At the pharmacyD. In the laboratory2. A. Pain B. Weakness C. Fatigue D. Headache3. A. Their weird behavior at school.B. Their superior cleverness over others’.C. Their tendency to have learning difficulty.D. Their reluctance to switch to right handedness.4. A. John will be angry. B. John will be disappointed.C. John will be attracted.D. John will be frightened.5. A. Th ey’re quite normal. B. They’re not available.C. They came unexpected.D. They need further explanation.6. A. He knows so little about Lady GagaB. He has met Lady Gaga before.C. He should have known Lady GagaD. He is a big fan of Lady Gaga.C. In the emergency room.D. On their way to the hospital8. A. Health care B. Health reformC. Health educationD. Health maintenance9. A. Learning to act intuitively.B. Learning to argue academically.C. Learning to be critical of oneself.D. Learning to think critically and reason10. A. She is a pharmacist. B. She is a medical doctor.C. She is a scientist in robotics.D. She is a pharmacologist.11. A. She’s pessimistic about the future.B. She’s pessimistic about the far future.C. She’s optimistic about the far future.D. She’s optimistic about the near future.12. A. Negligence may put a patient in danger.B. Patients must listen to doctors and nurses.C. Qualified doctors and nurses are in bad need.D. Patients should be careful about choosing the right hospital.13. A. The man works at eh ER.B. The man can do nothing but wait.C. The woman’s condition is critical.D. The woman is a capable paramedic.14. A. A gynecologist. B. A psychologistC. A neurologist.D. A nephrologist.15. A. She has only one friend.B. She isolates herself from others.C. She suffers from a chronic disease.D. She is jobless and can’t find a job.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.DialogueQuestions 16-20 are based on the following dialogue.16. A. Because she couldn’t do other jobs well.B. Because it was her dream since childhood.C. Because she was fed up with all her previous jobs.D. Because two professors found talent in her and inspired her to do it.17. A. The Self/Nonself Model B. The Danger ModelC. The vaccination theoryD. The immunological theory18. A. Being overactive B. Being mutantC. Being selectiveD. Being resistant19. A. It can help cure most cancers.B. It can help develop new drugs.C. It can help most genetic diseases.D. It can help change the nature of medicine.20. A. We should ignore the resistance.B. We should have the model improved.C. We should have the experiments on animals.D. We should move from animals to human.Passage One21. A. The profits form medical tourism.B.The trendy phenomenon of medical tourism.C.The soaring health care costs around the word.D.The steps to take in developing medical tourism22. A. Affordable costs B. Low pace of livingC. Five-star treatmentD. Enjoyable health vacation23. A. It is a$100 billion business already.B. It is growing along with medical tourism.C. Its costs are skyrocketing with medical tourism.D. It offers more medical options than western medicine.24. A. To set up a website for blogging about medical tourism.B. To modify our lifestyles and health behaviors.C. To buy and affordable medical insurance.D. To explore online to get well informed.25. A. A travel brochure.B. A lecture on medical tourism.C. A chapter of a medical textbook.D. A webpage promotional material.Passage TwoQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.26. A. Song sparrows take good care of their babies.B. Young song sparrows back the skills and experience of their parents.C. There are different kind of song sparrows in different seasons.D. Young and old song sparrows experience climate change different.27. A. In the warmer spring B. In the hottest summerC. In the coolest autumnD. In the coldest winter28. A. Because they lack the skill and experience to find food.B. Because they have not developed a strong body yet.C. Because they cannot endure the unusual heat.D. Because they cannot find enough food.29. A. They are less sensitive to the effect of climate change thanks to their parents.B. They are quick to develop strong bodies to encounter climate change.C. They experience food insufficiency due to climate change.D. They are as sensitive to climate change as the juveniles.30. A. Body size B. Migration routeC. Food preferenceD. Population growthPart Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.The medical team discussed their shared ____to eliminating this curable disease.A.obedienceB. susceptibilityC. inclinationD. dedication32. Many of us are taught from an early age that the grown-up response to pain, weakness, oremotional_____is to ignore it, to tough it out.A. TurmoilB. rebellionC. temptationD. relaxation33. Those depressed kids seem to care little about others,____communication and indulge in theirown worlds.A. put downB. shut downC. settle downD. break down34. The school board attached great emphasis to____ in students a sense of modesty and a sense ofcommunity.A. dilutingB. inspectingC. instillingD. disillusioning35. Our brain is very good at filtering out sensory information that is not______to what we need tobe attending to.A. pertinentB. permanentC. precedentD. prominent36. New studies have found a rather____correlation between the presence of small particles andboth obesity and diabetes.A. collaboratingB. comprehendingC. compromisingD. convincing37. We must test our____about what to include in the emulation and at what level at detail.A. intelligenceB. imitationsC. hypothesisD. precautions.38. We must____the problem____, which is why our map combines both brain structure andfunction measurements at large scale and high resolution.A. set...backB. take...overC. pull...inD. break...down39. Asthma patient doesn’t need continuous treatment because his symptoms are rather____thanpersistent.A. intermittentB. precedentC. dominantD. prevalent40. It is simply a fantastic imagination to_____that one can master a foreign language overnight.A. conceiveB. concealC. convertD. conform Section BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. The truly competent physician is the one who sits down, senses the “mystery”of anotherhuman beings, and often the simple gifts of personal interest and understanding.A. imaginableB. capableC. sensibleD. humble42. The physician often perceived that treatment was initiated by the patient.A. conservedB. theorizedC. realizedD. persisted43. Large community meals might have served to lubricate social connections and alleviatedtensions.A. facilitateB. intimidateC. terminateD. mediate44. Catalase activity reduced glutathione and Vitamin E levels were decreased exclusively insubjects with active disease.A. definitelyB. trulyC. simplyD. solely45. Ocular anomalies were frequently observed in this cohort of offspring born after in vitrofertilization.A. FetusesB. descendantsC. seedsD. orphans46. Childhood poverty should be regarded as the single greatest public health menace facing ourchildren.A. breachB. griefC. threatD. abuse47. A distant dream would be to deliberately set off quakes to release tectonic stress in a controlledway.A. definitelyB. desperatelyC. intentionallyD. identically48. Big challenges still await companies converting carbon dioxide to petrol.A. applyingB. relatingC. relayingD. transforming49. Concern have recently been voiced that the drugs elicit unexpected cognitive side effects, suchas memory loss, fuzzy thinking and learning difficulties.A. ensueB. encounterC. impedeD. induce50. A leaf before the eye shuts out Mount Tai, which means having one’s view of the importantovershadowed by the trivial.A. insignificantB. insufficientC. substantialD. unexpectedPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEIET.The same benefits and drawbacks are found when using CT scanning to detect lung cancer—the three-dimensional imaging, improve detection of disease but creates hundreds of images that increase a radiologist’s workload, which, 51 , can result in missed positive scans.Researchers at University of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine presented 52 data on a CAD (computer-aided diagnosis) program they’ve designed that helps radiologist spot lung cancer 53 CT scanning. Their study was 54 by the NIH and the university.In the study, CAD was applied to 32 low-dose CT scanning with a total of 50 lung nodules, 38 of which were biopsy-confirmed lung cancer that were not found during initial clinical exam. 55 the 38 missed cancers,15 were the result of interpretation error (identifying an image but 56 it as non cancerous) and 23 57 observational error(not identifying the cancerous image).CAD found 32 of the 38 previously missed cancers (84% sensitivity), with false-positive 58 of 1.6 per section.Although CAD improved detection of lung ca ncer, it won’t replace radiologists, said Sgmuel G Armato, PhD, lead author of the study.” The computer is not perfect,”Armato said.” It will miss some cancers and call some things cancer that 59 . The radiologists can identify normal anatomy that the computer may 60 something suspicious. It’s a spell-checker of sorts, or a second opinion.51.A. in common B. in turn C. in one D. in all52.A. preliminary B. considerate C. deliberate D. ordinary53.A. being used B. to use C. using D. use54.A. investigated B. originated C. founded D. funded55.A. From B. Amid C. Of D. In56.A. disseminating B. degenerating C. dismissing D. deceiving57.A. were mistaken for B. were attributed to C. result in D. gave away to58.A. mortalities B. incidences C. images D. rates59.A. don’t B. won’t C. aren’t D. wasn’t60.A. stand for B. search for C. account for D. mistake forPart Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhen Tony Wagner, the Harvard education specialist, describes his job today, he says he’s“a translator between two hostile tribes”—the education world and the business world, the people who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs. Wagner’s ar gument in his book “Creating Innovations: The Making of Young People Who Wil l Change the World” is that our K-12 and college tracks are not consistently “adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in themarketplace.”This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly to such things as a high-wage, middle-skilled job—the thing that sustained the middle class in the last generation. Now, there is only a high-wage, high-skilled job. Every middle-class job today is being pulled up, out or down faster than ever. That is, it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or is being buried made obsolete faster than ever. Which is why the goal of education today, argues Wagner, should not be to make every child “college ready” but “innovation ready”—ready to add value to whatever they do.That is a tall task. I tracked Wagner down and asked him to elaborate. “Today,” he said via e-mail,” because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device, what you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know. The capacity to innovate—the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life and skills like critical thinking，communication and collaboration are far more important than acade mic knowledge. As one executive told me, “We can teach new hires the content. And we will have to because it continues to change, but we can’t teach them how to think—to ask the right questions—and to take initiative.”My generation had it easy. We got to “find” a job. But, more than ever, our kids will have to “invent” a job. Sure, the lucky ones will find their first job, but, given the pace of change today, even they will have to reinvent, re-engineer and reimagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in it.“Finland is one of the most innovative economics in the world,”Wagner said,” and it is the only country where students leave high school ‘innovation-ready.’ They lea rn concepts and creativity more than facts, and have a choice of many elective—all with a shorter school day, little homework, and almost no testing. There are a growing number of “reinvented”colleges like the Olin College of Engineering, the M.I.T. Media L ab and the “D-school” Stanford where students learn to innovate.”61.In his book, Wagner argues that _____.A.the education world is hostile to our kidsB.the business world is hostile to those seeking jobsC.the business world is too demanding on the education worldD.the education world should teach what the marketplace demands62. What does the “tall task” refer to in the third paragraph?A. Sustaining the middle class.B. Saving high-wage, middle-skilled jobs.C. Shifting from “college ready” in “innovation ready.”D. Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast.63. What is mainly expressed in Wagner’s e-mail?A. New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.B. Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices.C. Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach.D. Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge.64. What is implied in the fourth paragraph?A. Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation.B. Jobs changed slowly in the autho r’s generation.C. The author’s generation led an easier life than their kids.D. It was easy for the author’s generation to find their first job.65. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. to orient future educationB. to exemplify the necessary shift in educationC. to draw a conclusion about the shift in educationD. to criticize some colleges for their practices in educationPassage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the rise in temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada’s North are important to the country’s future, says Kent Moore, and atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton（浮游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. “Animal behavio r can evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of years,” says Moore,“Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly.”A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European researchers and government agencies—will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. “The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft, and they’re easier to deploy,” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will_____.A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB. increase the average world temperature by four degreesC. cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage,the international study ____.A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate change.C. involves so many countries for different investigationsD. is intended to deal with various aspects in research68. When he says, “Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly,” what does Moore mean bythat quick?A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B. The widespread effects of global warming.C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D. The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic_____.A. becomes more difficult than ever before.B. is likely to build a novel economy in the region.C. will surely lower the average world temperature.D. needs the research-based supporting information.70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will_____.A. involve more collaborating countries than they do now.B. get more data to be required for their research.C. use more novel technologies in research.D. conduct their research at a regular basis.Passage ThreeSkilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management, aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests. Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined, or even replaced in some cases, by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers. The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management. These new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）” or “personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.Genetic medicine, which uses genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way, has, until recently, been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of inherited disease. Recognition that most disease has a genetic component, the development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services. In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties. For some clinicians, particularly those involved in clinical research, these advances are already a reality.However, a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice, perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable. Maximizing genomic opportunities also means being aware of their limitations, media portrayals that indicate that genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic. Indeed, knowing one’s entire genomic seq uence is no the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be，and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype（鼓吹）and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to be successful.Finally, both professional and public should have a realistic view of what is possible. Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms, the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low. Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility for them.71.Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?A.Personalized medicine will greatly change the practice of medicine.B.Genetic biomarkers have been largely refined over the past.C.Physical examination remains essential in tine tuning a diagnosis.D.Clinical history-taking is no longer important in the genetic era.72.What, according to the second paragraph, can be said of genetic medicine?A. It can offer solutions to all inherited diseases.B. It has been widely recognized among the physicians.C. It necessitates adaptation of the healthcare community.D. It is monopolized by a small minority of specialized physicians.73. The future of the genomic technologies, for the most part, lies in_____.A. the greater potential of treating rare diseasesB. the greater efforts in the relevant clinical researchC. the greater preparedness of the physicians to employ themD. the greater publicity of their benefits in the media portrayals74. In the last paragraph, the author cautions against_____.A. underestimation of the importance of the genetic risk factorsB. unrealistic expectation of the genetic predicative powerC. abuse of genetic medicine in treating common diseasesD. unexpected evolution of the bioinformatics.75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. Genetic medicine should be the mainstream option for physicians.B. Genetic medicine poses great challenges to medical practice.C. Genetic medicine will exert great influence on medicine.D. Genetic medicine is defined as “stratified” medicine.Passage FourMisconduct is a word that is always on professors’ minds. Incidents in the news tend to describe the most serious violations of scientific standards, such as plagiarism for fabricating data. But these high-profile infractions（违法）occur relatively rarely. Much more frequent are forms of misconduct that occur as part of the intimate relationship between a faculty member and a student.Faculty members don’t need to commit egregious acts such as sexual harass ment or appropriation of students’work to fail in their responsibility to their charges. Being generally negligent as teachers and mentors should also be seen as falling down on the job.What we found most interesting was how respondents had less vehement（强烈的）reactions to a host of questionable behaviors. In particular, they said that faculty members should avoid neglectful teaching and mentoring. These included routinely being late for classes, frequently skipping appointments with advisees, showing favoritism to some students, ignoring those whose interests diverged from their own, belittling colleagues in front of students, providing little or no feedback on students’ theses or dissertations, and take on more graduate advisees than they could handle.The vast majority of US faculty members have simply not been taught how to teach. And these responses suggest that they are subjecting young scientists-in-training to the same neglect.To address this systemic issue, we must do a better job of exposing the current and next generations of scientists to the rules of proper mentoring through seminars. For instance, on online modules. The societies of academic disciplines, institutions and individual departments can play a big part here, by developing codes of conduct and clear mechanisms for students report violations.The most serious behaviors are relatively easy to spot and address, but “inadequate teaching”can be subjective. Still, if universities establish specific rules for academics to follow, real patterns of abuse will be easier to find. For instance, these rules could stipulate that professors must return substantive feedback on drafts within 15 days, provide more than just negative feedback during a student’s oral defense of their thesis, or be availa ble regularly to answer questions.To deal with faculty members who consistently fall short, universities should establish teaching-integrity committees, similar to the research-integrity committees that handle issues of scientific misconduct. These could receive reports from students and decide what action to take, either by following a due process laid out in the faculty manual, or simply by adopting the same process as that of other committees, such as for tenure applications.76.What is implied in the first two paragraphs?A. The misconducts are widely exposed in the news.。

考博英语模拟题2018年(19)(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionText 1Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it;a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them."Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ______.A take advantage of the division of laborB introduce the division of labor into EnglandC understand the effects of the division of laborD explain the causes of the division of labor该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 4答案:C[解析] 本题的依据是文章第1段的第1句话...was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages。

1997年Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can ch oose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习〔1-10，含详解〕专项练习 1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。

古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。

今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。

科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。

【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习 2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10 磅。

2018年考博英语翻译练习【三篇】导读：本文2018年考博英语翻译练习【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

【第一篇：文学艺术】he ideal of country life reflected by the art and literature is the important feature of Chineseculture, which is, to a large degree, attributed to the feelings to the nature from T aoist. Thereare two most popular topics in the traditional Chinese painting. One is the various scenes ofhappiness about family life, in which the old man often plays chess and drinks tea, with the manin the harvest, woman in weaving, children playing out of doors. The other scene is all kinds ofpleasures about country life, in which the fisherman is fishing on the lake, with the farmercutting wood and gathering herbs in the mountains and the scholar chanting poetry andpainting pictures sitting under the pine trees. The two themes can represent the life ideal ofConfucianism and Taoism. 参考翻译：反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。

考博英语英译汉专项练习〔1-6，含详解〕专项练习1【参考译文】目前一些顶尖高等院校正仓促进行在线教育，但是传出的一条重要消息却是一种新的旨在盈利的在线机构的激增，这些机构正在把因特网网上教育带给广阔民众。

“因特网或许会是进入教育领域的惟一的最民主化的力量，〞哥伦比亚商业学校教务长M eyer Feldberg 说。

他设想通过教育节目的网络来连接亿万民众。

最大的在线的教育机构是凤凰大学( ), 它目前拥有大约6000 名学生，并且10 年内学生总数有望到达200000 人。

该大学向学生授予商务管理、技术、教育及护理学等专业的学士、硕士和博士学位。

学校夸口说，如果你是一个学生，“无论何时何地只要你需要，都可以通过因特网来获取学位〞。

学校特别提到，它的学位课程费用要比一般大学少得多，而且可以让一些学生花较少的时间就完成大学学业。

另一方面，一份?商务周刊?的调查发现在247 家公司中，只有少数几家会考虑雇佣获得网上商务管理硕士学位的求职者。

这种情况是否会随着盈利性在线大学教学条件的改善而改变——毕业生是否能证明他们自身的价值——这一切都还是一个未知数。

专项练习2【参考译文】者反而会重整旗鼓、倍加努力。

第三，创业投资家也起了重大作用，他们乐于支持前途看好的新创企业，投入其急需的创业资本以助其起步。

甚至对失败的企业，只要认定其概念新颖，最终有可能成功，有的投资家也会给予第二次时机。

同样重要的是，许多有为青年和中层专才并不热衷任职于老字号公司，他们不计薪酬多寡，宁愿为新创的企业效力，因为新生企业有更广阔的开拓前景，从工作中所获得的满足感也更大。

专项练习3Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these cliches are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If we could teach people to think more positively,〞 says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, “it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills.〞“Your abilities count.〞 explains psychologist Michael F Scheier of Carnegie-Mellon Univers ity in Pittsburgh, “ but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.〞 In part, that’s because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.【参考译文】你看到的杯子是半满而不是半空的吧?你看炸面圈时，眼睛是盯着面圈，而不是中间的孔吧?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然之间都成了科学问题。

2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑 ;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负 ;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。

无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。

以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《 2018 考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。

2018 考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。

泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。

顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。

其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。

做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。

慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。

老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。

译文参考：Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytimeof the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garliccloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,andfinally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in mostparts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day ofthe twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom.解析：大蒜： garlic蒜头： garlic bulb顾名思义： as the name suggests/ as the name implies泡制： cook/ brew/infuse剥去外皮的： rinded蒜瓣儿： garlic gloves/garlic flakes/garlic petal醋： vinegar2018 考博英语翻译练习：三峡考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。

【导语】⽣活中，我们每天都在尝试中，我们⾛向成功，品味失败，⾛过⼼灵的阴⾬晴空。

运动员们，不要放弃尝试，⽆论失败与否，重要的是你勇于参与的精神，付出的背后是胜利。

⽆论是否成功，我们永远赞美你，你们永远是我们的骄傲。

以下我⽆忧考为考⽣整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【⼗篇】》供您查阅。

2018考博英语翻译练习：房价问题 中国房价问题近年来⼀直是社会热门话题。

⼤中型城市房价⼀直居⾼不下且呈逐渐上涨的趋势。

有的年轻⼈根本买不起房，有的则成为了房奴(mortgage slaves)。

房奴是近⼏年出现的社会流⾏词。

顾名思义，房奴的意思是房屋的奴⾪。

这些⼈为买房⽽向银⾏借贷款，然后⽤⼀⽣的精⼒来偿还。

据某房地产站的调查，中国约32%的⼈⽉供占到了收⼊的50%以上，成为了名副其实的房奴。

他们在享受有房的⼼理安慰的同时，也承受着巨⼤的精神压⼒，⽣活质量⼤为下降。

参考译⽂： Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high,with the trend of further going up.Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves.Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests,house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses.These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts.According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment,so they indeed became slaves of the house.While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses,they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly.2018考博英语翻译练习：经济全球化 经济全球化(Economic globalization)必然带来⽂化产品和服务的全球化。

考博英语阅读训练及全文翻译（一）Overseas students shun UK and US universitiesThe market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003.The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻译英美大学留学生人数骤跌据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。

2018年医学考博英语阅读理解全解及详解Passage OneWhen Tony Wagner, the Harvard education specialist, describes his job today, he says he’s "a translator between two hostile tribes—the education world and the business world, the people who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs. Wagner’s argument in his book Creating Innovators: The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World is that our K-12 and college tracks are not consistently "adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the marketplace".【本节高频词汇】hostile adj.敌对的K12---kindergarten through twelfth grade的简写，是指从幼儿园（Kindergarten，通常5-6岁）到十二年级（Grade Twelve，通常17-18岁），这两个年纪是美国、澳大利亚及英国、加拿大的免费教育头尾的两个年级，K-12是国际上对基础教育的统称。

Track：n、v 轨道，追踪，走。

【本节翻译】托尼•华格纳是哈佛教育专家。

在描述自己现在的工作的时候，他说自己是"两个敌对部落的译者''，即教育界和商界，有人为人们教育孩童,有人为人们提供工作。

华格纳在自己的《创造革新者:改变世界的年轻人》一书中称,K12和大学教育并没有相应“增加价值，并教授在市场上最重要的技能"。

2018年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section OneDirections: In this section you will hear some people talking about how their parents met each other and got married. Each of the conversations is followed by an interview with one of their parents about his or her marriage. Listen to the recording and answer the questions below with what you hear. You should use a short sentence or a phrase for each answer. You will hear the recording only once.1．How did Craig's parents meet each other?2．What was his father's first impression of his mother?What does he think now?He still thinks so.3．How did Dave's parents meet each other?4．What was his mother's first impression of his father?5．What does she think now?6．How did Sara's parents meet each other?7．What was her father's first impression of her mother?What does he think now?He still thinks so.8．How did Lisa's parents meet each other?9．What was her mother's first impression of her father?10．What does she think now?Section TwoDirections.. In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes below about the lecture. You will hear the recording only once.Lecture NotesLecture field/area:11．_______________________________________Lecture Topic/Theme: MemoryThree types of memory:12．_______________________________________13．_______________________________________14．_______________________________________Three ways of measuring memory:15．_______________________________________16．_______________________________________17．_______________________________________Three Techniques for remembering information:18．_______________________________________19．_______________________________________20．_______________________________________Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences or sentences with underlinedwords in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning withthe underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEETwith a single line through the center.21．Ploughs and other agricultural implements were on display at the recent exhibition.A．equations B．playthings C．tools D．machinery22．My own inclination, if I were in your situation, would be to look for another position.A．symptom B．likeness C．habit D．tendency23．The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a single lens.A．management B．magnificence C．magnetismD．magnification24．The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its composition of depositsas well as on the action of waves across its surface.A．sentiment B．sediment C．semester D．segment25．The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol.A．harshness B．perturbation C．dismay D．pessimism26．Nowadays, the prescribed roles of the man as “breadwinner” and the womanas housewife are changing.A．ascribed B．prevalent C．original D．settled27．A divorcee, Tom is the sole provider in a typical “single parent” family.A．religious B．spiritual C．exclusive D．chief28．The old woman is chronically ill in bed and seldom goes out.A．seriously B．dangerously C．continually D．incurably29．The driver stopped his car so abruptly that he was hit by the cab rightbehind him.A．impolitely B．violently C．suddenly D．maladroitly30．Benin Mayer Alcott based the principal characters of her book Little Womenon her sisters and herself.A．original B．central C．subjunctive D．oriental31．Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu,every college student here works ______.A．industrially B．industriously C．consciously D．purposefully32．I don't think it's sensible of you to ______ your greater knowledge in frontof the chairwoman, for it may well offend her.A．show up B．show off C．show out D．show away33．______, he did become annoyed with her at times.A．Much as he liked her B．As he liked her muchC．Although much he liked her D．Much although he liked her34．If we don't stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will ______.A．empowered B．punished C．polluted D．annihilated 35．One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A．invent B．stimulate C．renovate D．advocate36．When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson ______ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.A．took to B．took up C．took on D．took in37．In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or ______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills.A．appointed B．assembled C．acknowledged D．adapted 38．In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe ______ Europe into a bloody war.A．imposed B．plunged C．pitched D．inserted39．The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______.A．privileges B．efficiency C．revenues D．validity 40．The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ______ again next spring.A．convention B．conference C．session D．assemblyPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊)removed by surgeons operating, via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient.In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc., that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week.The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon's movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time.France Telecom's engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,”says Marescaux.The successful collaboration (合作)among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world.Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedureas the beginning of a “third revolution” in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部)and thorax (胸腔)do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms (计算法)enhance the safety of the surgeon's movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance—currently several meters in the operating room—could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.41．The title that best expresses the main idea is ______.A．How The Second Revolution in Surgery Comes OutB．The Telesurgery RevolutionC．A Patient Was SavedD．Dream Comes True42．The italicized word “telesurgery” (Para. 1, Sentence 2) can be best explained as ______.A．an operation done over a distanceB．an operation done on televisionC．an operation demanding special skillD．an operation demanding high technology43．How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation?A．24 hours B．48 hoursC．about a week D．almost a month44．What is the major barrier to telesurgery?A．distance B．advanced technologyC．delay D．medical facilities45．The writer implies that ______.A．difficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world nowB．compared to the “third revolution” in surgery, the first two are less importantC．all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operationD．a new breakthrough has been made in surgeryPassage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The multi-billion-dollar western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著) ,” said the UN's 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998．The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle,” the study says.Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of ‘recreational’ drug use,”it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars —including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs—have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,” the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues —especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization—which encourages,rather than prevents, drug abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,” he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.The present study, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.46．Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?A．The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.B．The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond country boundaries.C．No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.D．The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.47．The italicized phrase “under fire” (Para. 1, Sentence 1) means ______.A．in an urgent situationB．facing some problemsC．being criticizedD．quite popular48．Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose?A．They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.B．They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.C．They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational” drug use.D．They may stop abusing the drugs.49．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?A．The spreading of pop music.B．The media.C．Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.D．The low price of some drugs.50．The pop music ______.A．has a great influence on young people of most culturesB．only appeals to a small number of young peopleC．is not a profitable industryD．is the only culprit (罪魁祸首) responsible for drug amusePassage ThreeQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operate.The steel pipe cresses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents”, long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the variedcompositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $ 8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry.In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages,equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.51．The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's ______.A．operating costs B．employeesC．consumers D．construction52．The word “it” (Para. 1, Sentence 3) refers to ______.A．pipeline B．oceanC．state D．village53．The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the ______.A．climateB．lay of the land itselfC．local vegetationD．kind of soil and rock54．How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?A．3． B．4． C．8． D．12．55．Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?A．How much oil field land each company owned.B．How long each company had owned land in the oil fields.C．How many people worked for each company.D．How many oil wells were located on the company's land.Passage FourQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Margherita is a London girl and arriving at Capital was like coming home. “I grew up listening to Capital Radio,” she says, “People say, ‘Wasn't it frightening, joining such well-known presenters?' But everyone here is so down to earth. It would be off-putting if the others had people doing their make-up, or star sings on their office doors. But there's none of that—Mick Brown, for instance, finishes his show and wanders off to get the bus home with everyone else.”Margherita says that her own musical tastes varied. But she doesn't pick her own music for her shows. The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers. “The station has a certain sound, and if we all picked our own music, it wouldn't sound like Capital,” she says, “But for someone who likes music, this is a dream job. I get to go to concerts and meet the bands you can hear on my show. It's great to hear the ‘behind the scenes' gossip.”Most people would expect that a presenter's most important qualities are a nice voice and huge amounts of confidence, but Margherita say that basic maths is handy as well.“You have to make sure that you've got an eye on everything that's going on in the studio,but you've got to be able to add and subtract and think in minutes and seconds,” she says,“You're dealing with timed records, and with announcements and commercials that are also timed precisely, and you have to be ready to switch to the news at exactly the right second. If you're going over to a live event, you need to be ready, for that on time, not a second earlier or later.”This isn't the sort of girl to let the rock ‘n' roll lifestyle go to her head. Even if she did her family would bring her down to earth. “When I started at Capital the only thing my brothers asked was whether they'd get free records,” she remembers,“And my mum couldn't even find the station on her radio.”Margherita Taylor is very nice and very easy-going, but very much in control. She is so much a “Capital Radio girl” that you might think she is just doing a good job for the station's publicity, department, although you know what she's saying really comes from the heart. She smiles a lot, laughs a lot and is generally a great advert for Capital.56．What does “that” (Para. 1, Sentence 5) refer to?A．The fame of the other presenters.B．Margherita's fear of the other staff.C．Self-important behaviour by the other presenters.D．Bad treatment of Margherita by the other staff.57．One point Margherita makes about her job is that ______.A．she has changed her attitude to musicB．she is unhappy that records she plays are chosen for herC．she likes most of the music that she plays on her showD．she enjoys talking to the people whose records she plays58．What does Margherita say about presenting a show?A．It is essential to keep in mind what is going to happen next.B．It is more complicated than she had previously thought.C．The ability to add and subtract is the most important requirement.D．The contend of a show is sometimes changed suddenly.59．How have Margherita's family reacted to her success?A．with cautionB．without interestC．with surpriseD．without excitement60．In the final paragraph, what does the author say about Margherita?A．She was different from what she had expected.B．She genuinely believes that Capital is a good radio station.C．She feels it necessary to talk about Capital Radio all the time.D．She has already changed her job at Capital radio.Part Ⅳ Cloze (10 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can 61 the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you. It may be an idea or a bit of information you 62 across accidentally—or a sudden 63 , fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal 64 are the “pay off” in education. A teacher may 65 you to learning and even encourage you in it—but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That's 66 to you.A research paper, 67 in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, 68 you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and intoa 69 where the joy of discover and learning can come to you many times. 70 the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process.It provides a structure 71 which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives youa chance to individualize a school assignment, to 72 a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others 73 you can do. Waiting a research paperis more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in 74 out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills 75 to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly 76 experience!To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages often more than ever produced 77 , is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work 78 is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paperassignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacleto 79 . Instead, consider it a goal to 80 , a goal within reach if you usethe help this book can give you.61．A．exterminate B．impulse C．intervene D．exceed62．A．conform B．confront C．come D．console63．A．insight B．relaxation C．relay D．ingredient64．A．serials B．separations C．encounters D．segregations65．A．help B．salute C．scrub D．direct66．A．here B．off C．up D．with67．A．assigning B．assigned C．lounged D．lounging68．A．litters B．intervenes C．jots D．leads69．A．process B．interface C．interpretation D．prosecution70．A．Designing B．Designed C．Preparing D．Prepared71．A．outside B．within C．without D．upon72．A．grease B．glare C．suffix D．suit73．A．which B．what C．how D．because74．A．searching B．supplementing C．popularizing D．polarizing75．A．arrogant B．concise C．chronic D．applicable76．A．segmenting B．satisfying C．characterizing D．chartering77．A．later B．beforehand C．afterwards D．before78．A．accordingly B．acceptably C．independently D．infinitely79．A．overwork B．overcome C．lumber D．lull80．A．accelerate B．caution C．accomplish D．boycottPart Ⅴ Writing (20 points)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “My Aim for Doctoral Study” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1．你攻读博士学位的目标是______。

11. 中国已经是世界第三大电器生产国，并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。

中国具有巨大的生产能力，而且每年以20%的速度增长，因此促使全球电器产品的价格不断下降。

20年前，美国、欧洲和日本公司开始进入中国，向当地市场提供了家用电器。

如今这些公司却被中国竞争对手弄得焦头烂额。

布鲁金斯学会的拉迪说：“我们将看到在全球具有竞争力的中国公司的崛起。

”11. China is already the world’s third largest producer of electronics, and becomi ng a player in the glob al appliance market. With its huge production capacity--growing by about 20 percent a year--the Chinese are relentlessly driving down global prices. Twenty years age, U.S., European and Japanese companies sta rted moving into China to supply the local market with household goods. Now those companies are getti ng whipped by Chinese competitors. “We will see the emergence of globally competitive Chinese firms,”says the Brookings Institution’s Lardy.12. 绿色奥运、人文奥运、科技奥运是北京申办2008年奥运会的三大主题。

北京积极响应国际奥委会的号召，把奥运会办成在环境保护方面发挥突出作用的奥林匹克盛会。

北京市政府将与全市人民一道，通过申办和举办奥运会，加快实施北京市的环境保护规划，进一步改善环境质量，完善城市基础设施建设，提高市民的生活水平，促进城市可持续发展。

2018年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The brain is totally dependent on the oxygen______by its blood supply, and brain cells will die if deprived of oxygen for more than a few minutes.A．producedB．pickedC．conductedD．conveyed正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词的含义。

A生产，产出；B挑选，采摘；C引导，管理；D传送，运输。

该句的大意为：大脑完全依赖于血液供给中输送的氧气，如果缺氧超过几分钟，脑细胞就会死亡。

2．Some part of her tried to convince her to make ______ the door, but she knew they would expect that.A．onB．toC．forD．up正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词短语的含义。

A在……上获利，在……上赚钱；C走向，前往；D弥补，编造；make与to不能构成短语。

该句的大意为：尽管心里有个声音在说服她走向门口，但是她知道他们都希望她那么干。

3．We are all moved by the______of these poor homeless children.A．plightB．situationC．conditionD．circumstance正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词的含义。

A困境，处境；B情况，形势；C条件，(健康)状况；D环境，情况。

2018社科院考博英语a卷参考答案2018年社会科学研究生院的考博英语A卷参考答案如下：一、听力部分1. A) The woman is a teacher.2. B) The man is going to the library.3. C) The weather is very hot.4. A) The woman will go to the party.5. B) The man has already finished his homework.6. C) The woman is not interested in the job offer.7. A) The man is asking for directions to the train station.8. B) The woman is suggesting they go to the beach.9. C) The man is worried about his upcoming exam.10. A) The woman is offering to help the man with his project.二、阅读理解1. D) The author argues that people should be more open to change.2. A) The benefits of taking a gap year.3. C) The importance of communication in maintaining ahealthy relationship.4. B) The challenges faced by young professionals in the job market.5. E) The role of technology in modern education.三、完形填空1. A) However, 表示转折。