第03讲——测试经济 超大规模集成电路测试技术课件

Case 2: 10,000 miles/yr, ¥ 25,000 resale value after 10 years Average cost = ¥10--0-1-,-00--00--,0-0---0-2-0-5--,-0--0--0- + 0.8 = ¥ 1.55 /mile
Case 3: 10,000 miles/yr, ¥ 0 resale value after 20 years Average cost = ¥ -1--0--0--,-0--0--0---–--0- + 0.8 = ¥ 1.3/mile 200,000
dQ Q
---- --- = 0;
dx x
1.0
1 dQ Q
-- ----- -- ---- = 0 or
x dx x 2
Q dQ
--- = -----
x dx
Max. tech. eff.
Tech. Eff.
Q/x
0.5
dQ/dx
0.0 Input Resources, x
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For average cost = marginal cost
Average cost
0 0
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100k 150k
k Miles Driven

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0 200k
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3 Production 生产
Definition（定义）:是制造社会需要的物质的过 程
Inputs(生产的输入x): Labor, land, capital, enterprise, energy (x may include both fixed and variable costs)
Output, Q(x)
Input Resources, x
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3.2 Technological Efficiency 技术效率
定义：Technological efficiency = Q/x
where x = variable cost
To maximize tech. Efficiency:
Lecture 3 Test Economics
第三讲：测试经济学
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1.1 Engineering Economics 工程经济学
Engineering Economics is the study of how engineers choose to optimize their designs and construction methods to produce objects and systems that will optimize their efficiency and hence the satisfaction of their clients.
¥ -----x------ + 0.8
x miles Total cost / x
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2.1 Simple Cost Analysis 简单成本分析
Case 1: 10,000 miles/yr, ¥ 50,000 resale value after 5 years Average cost = ¥1-0--0--,-0--0--0------5--0--,-0--0--0- + 0.8 = ¥ 1.8 /mile 50,000
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3.3 Economic Efficiency 经济效率
定义：economic efficiency = X /Q
where X = total (fixed + variable) cost
Maximum economic efficiency is achieved when total average cost equals the marginal cost, X /Q = dX /dQ.
output (生产的输出x): Q = f (x) Average product（平均产量或技术效率—单位
输入可形成的产量）： Q / x Marginal product（边际产量—从当前成本水平
增加单位投资能获得的产量的增加）： dQ / dx
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3.1 Law of Diminishing Returns 收益递减规律
If one input of production is increased keeping Other inputs constant, then the output may increase, eventually reaching a point beyond which increasing the inputs will cause progressively less increase in output.
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2 Costs 成本
Fixed cost：必需且不随使用过程而改变的物质的成本 Variable cost：随着产量的增加而增长 Total cost：固定成本和可变成本的和 Average cost：总成本/产量
Example: Costs of running a car
Fixed cost ¥100,000
Purchase price of
car
Variable cost ¥ 0.8/mile
Gasoline,
maintenance, repairs
Total cost ¥ 100,000 + 0.8x For traveling
Average cost
100,000
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2.2 Cost Analysis Graph 成本分析图
160,000
100
Fixed, Total and Variable
Costs (¥)
Average Cost (cents)
100,000
80,00 0
Fixed cost 50