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人教版七下《陋室铭》知识点梳理一、文学常识1.本文选自《全唐文》。
作者刘禹锡，字梦得，洛阳人，唐代诗人，哲学家。
被白居易称为“诗豪”。
2.本文体裁是铭，铭是古代刻在器物上称述功德或者警戒自己的文字，后来发展成一种文体，这种文体一般都是用韵的。
3.本文主要的写作手法是托物言志。
这篇短文通过对陋室到描绘和赞美，表达了作者不慕荣利、保持高尚节操的愿望和不求闻达、安贫乐道的生活情趣。
本文的韵脚是：名、灵、馨、琴、经、形、亭。
韵母是：ing。
二、字词积累1.给下列加点字注音。
惟吾德馨．（xīn）苔． (tái)痕鸿儒．(rú) 案牍．(dú)2.解释加点的字。
（1）有仙则名．（出名）（2）有龙则灵．（灵验、神奇）（3）斯．是陋室（这）（4）惟吾德馨．（散布很远的香气，比喻品德高尚）（5）草色入．帘青（映入）（6）谈笑有鸿儒．．（大儒，博学的人）（7）往来无白丁．．（平民，这里指没有什么学问的人）（8）可以调素琴．．．（弹奏）（不加装饰的琴）（9）阅金经．．（指佛经）（10）无丝竹．．之乱耳（这里指嘈杂的音乐）（11）无案牍．．（官府公文）（使身体劳累）．．之劳形（12）南阳诸葛庐．（草庐，茅庐）3.词类活用。
（1）山不在高，有仙则名．（出名，名词用作动词）（2）水不在深，有龙则灵．（灵验、神奇，名词用作动词）（3）惟吾德馨．（散布很远的香气，比喻品德高尚，名词用作形容词）（4）无丝竹之乱．耳（使……乱，形容词使动用法）（5）无案牍之劳．形（使……感到劳累，动词的使动用法）4.“之”字的用法。
（1）无丝竹之．乱耳，无案牍之劳形（用在主谓之间，取消句子独立性，无实义）（2）何陋之．有（助词，宾语前置的标志，不译）三、文章梳理1.《陋室铭》开头二十四字，实写的是山和水；虚写的是仙和龙。
这里的山和水与陋室进行类比，这里的仙和龙与作者进行类比，以表现自己和陋室品位不凡。
2.“南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭”中提及两个历史人物，一是三国著名政治家蜀国的诸葛亮，一是西汉时的文学家扬雄。
15 诫子书1．重点字淡泊．(bó) 遂．成枯落(suì) 淫．慢(yín) 悲守穷庐．(lú) 2．词类活用静．以修身(形容词作动词，屏除杂念和干扰，宁静专一)非宁静无以致远．(形容词作名词，远大目标) 3．一词多义学⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 夫学．须静也(动词，学习)非志无以成学．(名词，学业)4．古今异义非宁静．．无以致远(古义：安静，集中精神，不分散精力。
今义：多指环境上的安静，不嘈杂)险．躁则不能治性(古义：轻薄。
今义：地势险恶、复杂，不易通过；险要)5．文言句式判断句夫学须静也(……“也”表判断)1．逻辑严密，条理分明。
文章开头提出了“静以修身，俭以养德”的观点。
接着先从“静”的角度进行正面论述——“夫学须静也，才须学也，非学无以广才，非志无以成学”；又从“躁”的角度进行反面论述——“淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性”。
最后劝诫儿子惜时，希望儿子有所作为。
2．语言简洁，骈散结合。
这篇文言文虽只86个字，却道出了诸如学与静、才与学、学与志等多种关系，富有人生智慧。
本文除开头“夫君子之行”和最后的“遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及”外，中间运用了多组骈句。
骈散句的结合，使得本文节奏明快、舒缓自如，读起来朗朗上口，且富有气势。
诫子书⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎪⎪⎪⎪⎫立论：静以修身，俭以养德 ——修身养德要求、途径阐发：淡泊明志，宁静致远 ——阐发“静”的价值论证⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧先正后反——“静”与学、才、志的关系反面说明——“淫慢”和“险躁”的害处反面论述——惜时勤学，奉献社会谆谆告诫修身治学本文劝勉儿子勤学励志、修身养性要从“淡泊”“宁静”中下功夫，最忌“淫慢”“险躁”，在生活中勤俭节约并珍惜时间，字里行间渗透着诸葛亮对儿子的殷切期望。
古今对译诫子书夫 君子 之 行， 静 以 修 身， 俭以 养 德。
非 淡泊 无以明有道德有修养的人的品行，以屏除杂念和干扰来修养身心，以节俭来培养自己的品德。
人教版英语七年级下册第四单元sectionb 2b 译文English: In Section B of Unit 4 in the seventh grade English textbook published by People's Education Press, Exercise 2b provides a dialogue between two friends, Sarah and Amy, discussing their plans for the weekend. Sarah suggests going to the movies, but Amy prefers to go shopping instead. Sarah expresses her reluctance to go shopping, citing the crowded malls and high prices as deterrents. However, Amy persuades her by mentioning the upcoming sales and the fun they could have together. Eventually, Sarah agrees to accompany Amy shopping, showing their friendship and compromise in decision-making. This dialogue not only illustrates the common leisure activities of teenagers but also highlights the importance of communication and compromise in friendships.中文翻译:在人教版七年级英语教材第四单元B节中，2b练习提供了两位朋友Sarah 和Amy的对话，讨论了她们周末的计划。
八、2《敬畏生命》教学设计一、【教学内容】(1)、本节课《敬畏生命》是新人教版七年级《道德与法治》上册，第四单元“生命的思考”中第八课“探问生命”第二框的内容，“生命的思考”这单元在七年级上册教材体系中居于核心地位，是对初中生开展比较系统的生命教育，有着强烈的现实意义和深远的教育价值。
(2)、本节课《敬畏生命》是引导学生理解并践行对生命的敬畏，珍爱自己的生命，关心他人生命，自觉走上道德的生活。
可以说是承担着开展生命教育的首要任务，应作为生命教育的重中之重来重视。
只有学生明白生命宝贵的时候，才会慎重对待自己和他人的生命，也可以为后面第九、第十课做好铺垫。
二、【学生分析】初中阶段是一个人形成正确人生观、价值观的重要时期，而初中生的心理发展还处于一个半幼稚、半成熟的时期，他们对生命问题的熟悉和理解还不够全面，乃至会产生误差，若是学生这些思维的矛盾和困惑得不到及时指导，就可能产生心理脆弱，思想困窘，行为失控等问题，致使其不知道尊重、敬畏、珍爱生命，甚至漠视生命，引发一场场人世悲剧，给家人和朋友造成庞大的痛苦，给社会造成无法弥补的损失。
本节课是对学生进行生命观、价值观的正确引领，具有强烈的现实意义和深远的教育意义。
它将有助于初中生正确审视个人生命和他人、社会和人类的关系，培育他们感激生命、珍爱生命、敬畏生命的情怀。
3、【设计思想】（1）先引导学生理解生命至上的内涵，成立敬畏生命意识，然后再强化，后深切，最后抵达自觉遵守的水平。
（2）正面引导，层层紧扣，结合材料、图片、故事，通过探讨、讨论、情景模拟，循循善诱，以抵达通俗易懂的效果。
4、【教学目标】（1）知识目标：知道敬畏自己与他人的生命，理解人对生命的敬畏心。
（2）能力目标：能谨慎地处置生命关系、处置生命问题，提高解决现实生活中的矛盾问题的能力，培育合作探讨和辨析能力。
（3）情感态度价值观目标：提高敬畏生命的意识，尽己所能追求生命的美好。
五、【教学重点】：培育对生命的敬畏心。
勉励心志使精神振作，冒险草率、急躁不安就不能修养性情。
年华随时光而飞驰，意志随岁月逐渐消逝。
最终枯败零落，大多不接触世事、不为社会所用，只能悲哀地困守在自己穷困的破舍里，到时悔恨又怎么来得及？阅读下面的文言文，完成后面小题夫君子之行，静以修身，俭以养德。
非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。
夫学须静也，才须学也。
非学无以广才，非志无以成学。
淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性。
年与时驰，意与日去，遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及！37．解释下加点横线的词语（1）非宁静无以致远（__________）（2）静以修身（_________）（3）年与时驰（__________）（4）遂成枯落（__________）38．将下列句子译成现代汉语（1）非学无以广才，非志无以成学。
（2）淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性。
39．对这篇短文的分析，错误的一项是（）A．“非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远”说明了“淡泊”“宁静”是实现人生理想的基本要求，强调他们是与人的志向相关的。
B．“夫学须静也”的“学”已经不只是一般的学习，也含有修养自己的人格和品德的意思，“静”也不只是单纯的宁静，而有淡泊名利的意味。
C．“淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性”从反面论证了“淡泊”“宁静”的重要性。
D．“悲守穷庐，将复何及”表达了君子不与外界同流合污、独善其身的良好愿望。
40．选文中诸葛亮诫子，链接材料中刘备训儿，其内容有何异同？链接材料：勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。
惟贤惟德，能服于人。
可读汉书、礼记，间暇历观诸子及六韬、商君书，益人意智。
【答案】37．达到远大目标屏除杂念和干扰，宁静专一疾行，指迅速逝去凋落，衰残。
比喻人年老志衰，没有用处。
38．（1）如果不刻苦学习就不能增长自己的才干，如果没有坚定不移的志向就不能在学业上有所成就（2）放纵懈怠就不能振奋精神，轻薄浮躁就不能修养性情（意合即可）39．D40．.相同点：劝学，学能励志，学可益智。
ought. Soon he ate up all the bread and eggs. When he was going to have t he tea, he found there was a fly (苍蝇)in the glass.“What‟s in my tea?”Mr Young called out, “A fly”“It‟s impossible (不可能的),sir,”said the owner or the restaurant, “I had t old them to pick all the flies out of your tea before they brought it to you!”( )55. This story happened inA. springB. summerC. autumnD. winter( )56. Mr Young decided to take his holiday because .A. he was too tired to go on working .B. he was very busy al the timeC. he was paid a lot of moneyD. he liked swimming and fis hing( )57. Mr Young went to the village because .A. there wasn‟t any noise thereB. he could swim and fish the reC. nobody could disturb him thereD. he could havea good mea l there( )58. Mr Young went to the village .A. by busB. by carC. on footD. by train( )59. At first Mr Young enjoyed himself in the village becauseA. it was very quite thereB. he took a good roomC. he could pick some flowersD. he could do every thing h e wantedE 、下列短文中，有标号的句子中各有一处错误，请在错误的单词下面划一横线，并改正。
①My name are Bob. I live in Toronto, Canada, and I want a pen pal in China.②I thinks China is a very interesting country. ③I‟m 14 year old and my birthday is in November. I can speak English and a little French. ④I has a brother and a sister. They have pen pals in the United Kingdom and Australia. ⑤I like go to the movies with my friends and playing sports. My favorite subject in school is P.E. It‟s fun. ButI don‟t like math. It‟s too difficult.①_________, ②_________, ③__________, ④__________, ⑤_________二、根据短文内容判断正误（正确的写T，错误的写F）（15分）Jane comes from England. She‟s an English girl. She speaks English. She can speak a little Chinese. Now she is a student of our school. We are in thesame class. Her favorite is Chinese. Her favorite sport is swimming. We aregood friends. She often play games with her Chinese friends.Jane‟s father is a teacher. He is our school, too. He is a good teacher. He is strict with his students. He teaches English. Jane and her father like Chinesefood. They like China and Chinese people very much.( )1. Jane is a student in China.( )2. Jane and I are classmates.( )3. Jane can‟t speak Chinese.( )4. Jane‟s father speaks good English.( )5. Jane likes Chinese food but her father doesn‟t.FSeumas is a very busy man. He is 60 and he has a lot of jobs. He is a postman(邮递员), a police officer, a taxi driver(司机), a school-bus driver, a boatman ,and a sales assistant, a cook and a milkman. Also he and his wife, Margaret, have a shop and a small hotel.Seumas lives and works on an island （岛）near London. Only 120 people are on the island but in summer 150 tourists（旅游者）come on Seumas‟s boat every day. So Seumas gets up at six and makes breakfast for the people in the hotel. At eight, he drives the island‟s children to sc hool. At nine, he gives letters(信) to all the houseson the island. He also sends(送) milk to them. Then he helps in the shop. He says., “Margaret likes to be busy, too. We are busy and we don‟t like watching TV in the shop.” He says. “I cook the dinner and Margaret heips. At ten, we have some milk and them we go to bed. Perhaps(可能) our life（生活）isn‟t very interesting, but we like it.”( )1、How many jobs does Seumas have?A. 12B. 10C. 8( ) 2、Does his wife like to be busy?A. YesB. NoC. I don‟t know.( )3、What time does he get up?A. At 6:30B. At 7C. At 6( )4、What nationality（国籍）are they?A. AmericanB. BritishC. Chinese ( )5、Which is right?A. Seumas is busy but his wife isn‟t.B. They don‟t watch TV.C. Their life is not exiting, but they like it.GHello, boys and girls! I am a doctor. My name is Peter Brown. I am here to know something about your breakfast. Please answer my questions. “Do you have breakfast every day ?”“What do you have for breakfast?”“My name is Helen. I have breakfast every day. I have some milk , hamburgers, potatoes. And some ice c ream. So I am not hungry at school.”“My name is Dick. I have no time to have breakfast. You know, I get up very late. I only have a little bread and a bag of milk on the way to school.”“My name is Alice. I have very little food for breakfast every day. I don‟t want to eat any food after I get up. I only drink some milk.”“I am Jack. I like food very much. I eat a lot for breakfast. I have three glasses of milk, some potato chips, four hamburgers, two eggs and a bottle of orange juice.”( )6、Where is Peter Brown? He is .A. at homeB. at schoolC. at a food shopD. I don‟t know ( )7、has ice cream for breakfast.A. HelenB. DickC. AliceD. Jack( )8、Dick has food at home for breakfast.A. someB. a littleC. noD. different( )9、They four all have for breakfast.A. hamburgersB. ice creamC. potatoesD. milk ( )10、Which is the right one ?A. Helen is always hungry at school.B. Alice eats a lot for breakfast.C. There is no time for Jack to have breakfast.D. Jack eats too much food for breakfast.HA middle school organized a “No TV Week” program. All the tea chers, parents and students worked together for this program and most of them found it to be a very good one. The headmaster said, “The idea was not to stop watching TV completely but for the students just to find how much time they watch TV and try to use the time for other things.”What did the students say about this “No TV Week”? One boy said, “I can‟t believe I haven‟t watch TV for a week, but it‟s been fun doing it.” A girl student said, “I‟m going to give up all TV program except for …Our Animal World‟ and other language-teaching program. I‟m really pleased that I have more time to do things like walking and thinking. I enjoy this …No TV Week‟ very much…” But not all the students thought it was good. Here one student Tom said something different, “I don‟t like …No TV Week‟ because I like watching TV. I have lots of favorite programs and I don‟t want to miss them. But we have to do it.”( ) 1. “No TV Week” program was organized _____________.A. for all the students in the countryB. by one middle schoolC. in middle schools all over the countryD. by teachers all over the country( ) 2. The aim of “No TV Week” program is to ________.A. let students watch TV for longB. stop students watching TV completelyC. let students find much time to watch TVD. ask students to find time for other things( ) 3. Watching no TV was _____________ what the boy thought.A. as hard asB. not harder thanC. harder thanD. easier than( ) 4. The girl decided ___________.A. only to watch some of the TV programsB. not to watch TV at allC. to watch no TV at allD. to watch TV all the time( ) 5. ________________ took part in “No TV Week”.A. All the teachers, students and parentsB. None of the students in the schoolC. Not all the students in the schoolD. All the teachers in the school except one四、任务型阅读以下是某校的校规，请根据内容按四个不同场所归类，并将其序号填入下面相应的横线上。
