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新标准大学英语第四单元课文翻译Working for a big American companyNow children who tell them that they have to "go to work to earn a living" when they grow up tend to show a lot of confusion and frustrationIt's not surprising・ The problem is that they can，t imagine what they do in big American companies・Not long ago, when the parents said he was going to work, thechild knew exactly what he was going to do. He did n't do something to fix things.The father might take the child to the place where he worked, and let him watch himself build the carriage or the table・If the child asks, /z daddy, what do you do?" "My father would answer him in a language that the child could understand, such as:/z I am repairing steam〃0r〃I5 m a horse collar 〃・But the father of a steam engine or a table now is very rare and most people do not do it. Now, most fathersSitting in a building with glass walls, doing work that kids don't understand・ When asked, z，what do you do, dad?" When,Their answers often confuse children."I sell space・"〃I do market research・"〃I'm a data handler・" "I work in the pr department・〃 a systemThe auditor. How can he possibly imagine how a person can analyze the systemWhat about the market?Even for those adults who do market research, it's hard to imagine what the public is doing every day, a general systemThe analyst must not know what the space salesman does in the store, just as a space salesman knows nothing about the tools of the analysis systemThe same・In ordinary everyday work, nothing is handmade・ Everything is made by machine now. Can also beFew things need repairing・ It's very easy to get things out of the machine, and it's very expensive to fix it, noWorth it. So the consumer was put down by the people and bought a new one・ In fact, machines are producing waste・A few people who can relate to these machines can, of course, say to an inquisitive child: "dad is a garbage man.〃butIt is that most workers are far from the site of production waste and are unable to feel their own contribution to the wasteindustry. So these are the peopleWhat are you doing?Think of a typical building in an American city・ In this building, nothing is produced, not yet12There is nothing to repair, even the building itself・ Thebuilding was originally built as a piece of garbage, so it was bigThe building is worn out and it will be thrown away as rubbish and a new garbage building will be built in place・Even so, the building is packed with people who think they，re working. At any given time of the day, about a third of the timePeople are on the phone・ Most of the talk on the phone is related to the file, because almost everyone in the building is busy with paperwork・Some of the work in the building needs someone to write on the document・ Some people want to put word to file, some people wantto read the document, andMake notes in the blank・ Some people want to make copies, othersto deliver documents・ Some people file files, others take files. Some people send documents,Some call others to bring them in. Some people call to find outwhere the files are, some are in businessPlease file・ In the most luxurious offices, some documents have been approved, others rejected・The elevator was packed with young people who took the papers from one floor to another, and the important people with the documentsThey were about to discuss the documents with other important people・How can a child understand all this? Perhaps his father was in high office and had to discuss papers with others at lunch・Imagine him withThe son came to work and gave the child some idea of his work・What can a child see?His father called to send the papers, and he read the papers・Maybe he，11 be angry with the file, or red ink on the fileMake a mark・ He called another person and said he wou1d have lunch together to discuss the documents・At lunch, they discussed the document・ Back in the office, the father asked the man to reprint five copies of the document to another person, the personCompare this document with that one in triplicate last year.As you can imagine, after this, if a child asks, 〃what does yourfather do?" The poor boy and his little friendThere is no way of thinking about this mysterious work・ What wou 1 d he say? If he's not observant enough, he might say, 〃meCouldn51 say for sure・〃If he was very observant, he would say,"I think it's a waste related job・ With everyonelhe same.Active reading (2)Our so-called exciting times are boring〃0ur obsession with novelty is not new, " says Dominic sandbrook・We live in a world of change that is unprecedented and dazzling・Because of globalization, the boundaries of the stateIt's unraveling, and technological innovation is fundamentally reshaping our lives in ways that we can barely understand・ In the century21In the early stages of history, the change in history accelerated; This kind of change is unprecedented, and everything is different from the past・Anyway, this is a familiar phrase・However, the reason we have this kind of argument is that it is our love for noveltyThe obsession, ignorance of deep historical patterns, and our hubris・ To prove the superiority of the forebears, IThey boast that they live in an unprecedented period of change・But, there is a good example of how we actually do itNo life is so interesting・Take globalization. Its champion, Thomas friedman, argues that globalization is a new z，international system",It affects "the politics, the environment, the geopolitics and the economy of almost every country in the world"・ But if you put it in historyIn the environment, the word is almost meaningless・ Which society has not been more or less globalized?The Roman empire, for example, was completely a multi-ethnic,multi-cultural, transnational entity, with dozens of different in its capital aloneLanguage and religion compete with each other・ The Romansimported grain from Egypt and bought spices and utensils from China and India・They exported pottery to other countries and even sold it to remote local governance・ We could be a call center for bangaloreExcited,But it was the ancient Romans who first arrived there・Although the changes in the Chinese side of the past few decades have been everywhere 一一like the changing status of western women ——we areWe should point out the stable side of modern life・ Since 1945 there has not been a major war in the western world, most of the national boundariesThe line has remained intact for more than half a century. Although we like to brag about our modernity, today, Britain is beautifulThe scenery of the country and the soaring skyscrapers are nothing new to the people of the 1940s and 1950s・20Although we are passionate about the Internet and the iPod, we are not living in the age of great technological innovation. Most of theThe techniques used in everyday life 一一such as toasters, kettles, central heating systems, televisions, airplanes, trains, cars -- allIt was invented decades ago. Despite the deluge of advertising on the Internet, the hard truth is that most of us use each otherNetworking to do something very traditional, whether it，s a book purchase or a letter to a friend・ Someone always tells us that the Internet "opens"A new world, however, surprisingly, % of the network traffic has taken place on this site・90The pace of change is now slower than the consensus expectation of change decades ago. For example, the Stanley libraryCloth rick，s new film : a space Odyssey" in years, people seem to have reason to imagine that one day will catch Pan Am1968The plane flew to the space station, chatted with sentient computers and lived on the moon. But those who saw the film in 1968If they knew that until now they had lived in Mi It on Keynes, they would have been disappointed.Our pursuit of novelty is nothing new・ In the year George Orwe 11 complained, "I don't know1944:How many times have you heard 〃the plane and the radio have gone away, " and "the world is now interdependent，/If he is alive, he will doubtless be annoyed by the same idea・Although baby boomers like to brag that they have changed more than anyone else, we don，t have to go back too farFar more dramatic changes can be found・ Imagine an Englishman who was born in a village in 1865, where people were riding horses,In a carriage, in the winter snow, the horizon was limited・ Let's say that he can live to be a little more than a year or a year old (and that's perfectly possible),80He can see cars, planes, radios, telephones, movies, home appliances, the mass popularization of education and women，s suffrageThe birth of a world that is not as large as it is today. In other words, what he saw before he died was meIt's hard to imagine・ I suspect that, in his view, we think that exciting times may be really boring・There is a mantra in China: "I hope you live in an interesting time, " which means chaos and anxiety in the wake of interestingtimes・ If such asIn this case, we are lucky because we are not living in interesting times・Reading，11 culturesBritain's disappearing professionUnder a flourishing chestnut treeThe country blacksmith stands out;A blacksmith is a strong man,Both hands are large and powerful;The drum muscles of his two armsIt's as firm as an iron bar・His hair was hard, black and long.His face was black as charcoal;His forehead is an honest sweat,He worked hard to make money,And be open to the whole world,Because he doesn't owe anyone・—— Henry wasivo Longfellow(Fu Haoyi)Since Longfellow wrote the poem about the country blacksmith, times have changed, and so has the means of living・ In the last hundred yearsBetween them, hundreds of traditional professions have almost disappeared・ The country blacksmith is an obvious example・ The blacksmith was the center of village life,He used iron to make things, to fix things, and to do odd jobs, such as horseshoes for horses・ Today, in Britain, blacksmiths are notA thousand people・At the same time, the rise of agricultural mechanization in the countryside greatly reduced the number of farmers, especially those who raised livestock・ For example, it is still in BritainThere are only a few people left in the mountains of northern grange・Work in the city has also changed・ No one wou 1 d deny that some are better: improvements in sanitation are making the work of catching mice bigThe reduction in the minimum working age legislation makes shoeshine workers disappear from the streets, but individual operators, such as shoe-making cobblersOr the watchmaker who repairs watches is hard to see now・ Many sma.11 vendors have had to close their doors because of competition from rival supermarkets・About a year ago, the milkman was familiar with the milkman, who went door to door on small battery cars・ F TOIP that time20Demand has now fallen by 60%・ Today, people who order milk can order it online, and the local supermarket will buy milk and other goodsGet up to your door・Sometimes certain professions disappear almost overnight・ A hundred years ago, Britain was the world's largest producer ofcoal60It produces 200 million tons of coal a year・ By the end of the century, almost all the mines were closed and most of the miners had lost their jobs・ but20, 80The z，clean fuel" that replaces coal is too expensive, and inrecent years a lot of people have re-opened fire for years and returned to the traditional fireIs expected to come up.This leads most people to think that a job that has disappeared -- a chimney sweep -- is alive again. The sweep of the chimney is deadIt was once a byword for traditional dangerous jobs, and now there is demand・ According to the service project announced by Internet advertising, this type of workThe technology is quite high・Translate the English into English・We don，t understand their plan at all, because their opinions are not easily grasped・ This is probably because of the two of usThe other side's way of thinking is equally confused・ I think an interview should be arranged so that everyone can clear the misunderstanding and clear the communicationObstacles・ It's a safe bet that it's a safe bet・We couldn't make of their proposal at all, because it was no easy job for us to come to grips withTheir perspective・ It was a safe bet that we were as much baffled about their way of thinking as theyI think we need to arrange a meeting to clear up my lifeThe communication barriers・In a biography written by a colleague who has worked with him for more than two decades, it is easy to conclude that he represents the absolute world war iiThe post-elite, their religious and political views are more conservative・ Nothing if not in the wake ofFrom a biography written by one of his former colleagues who had worked with him for more than twoIn fact, it is not difficult to conclude that what he has done is nothing if not the elite class of theCountry in the wake of World War II, who were ratherconservative in terms of religious and politicalViews.。
Unit 4Main Reading研究随时间流逝而变得更令人兴奋威廉·D·菲利普斯几乎从记事起我就对科学萌生了兴趣，到大约五岁时，我就收集了家里用过的装东西的瓶子作为自己的“化学器材”。
我用父母给我的显微镜观察可以找到的任何东西。
科学仅仅是我童年时为之着迷的事情之一，其他的还有钓鱼、棒球、骑车和爬树。
然而随着时间的流逝，显微镜和化学比棒球棒、钓鱼竿和橄榄球头盔更吸引我的注意力。
记得在我十岁以前，我就决定要把科学作为我的终身事业，而且以一种非常有限而天真的眼光开始欣赏物理学的简单与美丽。
我在我们家屋子的地下室有一个试验室，我全然不知石棉、电和紫外光的危险，花了很多时间在那儿试验火、炸药、火箭和碳弧。
我父母并不直接参与我的科学试验，他们对我的试验持宽容的态度，甚至在家里的电路因我超负荷用电而全部短路时也是如此。
他们总是鼓励我，给我探索、学习和娱乐的自由。
上高中时，我从精彩的科学和数学课堂上得到快乐和收获，但回想起来，那些重点培养语言能力和写作技巧的课程，对我后来拓展自己的科学生涯，和科学和数学课一样重要。
我敢肯定，我高中参加的辩论赛有助于我日后更好地作科学演讲；有关写作风格的课帮助我写出更好的论文；而学习法语则大大促进了我后来跟克劳德·科恩-唐努吉的研究团队富有成果的合作。
读高中时的第二个暑假，我在特拉华大学打工做试验。
那是一次很好的经历，我从指导我的那位研究生那儿明白了一个重要的道理，他告诉我说，“一个实验物理学家就是把嗜好当作工作来谋生的人。
”在朱尼亚塔学院，我开始真正理解数学和物理学之间的联系。
作为物理学前提的微积分既是一项挑战，又是一大乐趣。
这时我开始领略到物理学和数学中的美与统一，而此前我却无法欣赏。
在朱尼亚塔我开始了电子自旋共振的研究，而在阿尔贡国家实验室度过的一学期加深了我对这一课题的理解。
这一经历帮助我成功进入麻省理工的丹·克莱普内尔研究团队攻读研究生，在那里我主攻磁矩的精密测量。
The following text is extracted from Marriages and Families by Nijole V.Benokraitis.下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。
The book has been used as a textbook for sociology courses and women's studies in a number of universities in the United States.此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，It highlights important contemporary changes in society and the family它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，and explores the choices that are available to family members,探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，as well as the constraints that many of us do not recognize.以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。
It examines the diversity of American families today,该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，using cross-cultural and multicultural comparisons运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，to encourage creative thinking about the many critical issues that confront the family of the twenty-first century.以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。
LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPS爱和情感连系Nijole V.Benokraitis奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯Love — as both an emotion and a behavior — is essential for human survival.爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。
