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供应链专业术语缩写及含义供应链管理(Supply Chain Management,SCM)是一个涵盖了从原材料采购到最终产品销售的所有活动的一个全面概念。
在企业内部，供应链包括了从生产计划到物流管理的所有相关部门。
而在企业外部，供应链则包括了与供应商、承运商、零售商等合作伙伴之间的合作活动。
供应链管理的目标是降低成本、提高效率、提升客户满意度、缩短产品生命周期等。
在实践中，供应链管理不仅包括了内部的生产和物流管理，还要关注包括采购、配送、库存管理、供应商管理、需求预测、销售管理等所有环节。
因此，对于从事供应链管理工作的人员来说，熟悉供应链管理的相关专业术语和缩写是非常重要的。
1.专业术语缩写及含义1.1产品生命周期管理(PLM)：Product Lifecycle Management，指以产品为中心，通过整合企业内外的信息与资源来管理产品从设计、生产、销售到退役的全过程。
1.2物流管理(LM)：Logistics Management，指对产品的采购、运输、仓储和配送等活动的管理。
1.3供应链规划(SCP)：Supply Chain Planning，指基于需求预测和生产资源的管理来规划供应链的运作。
1.4采购管理(PM)：Purchasing Management，指对原材料和零部件的采购活动的管理。
1.5库存管理(IM)：Inventory Management，指对库存的需求预测、补货和监控等活动的管理。
1.6供应商关系管理(SRM)：Supplier Relationship Management，指对供应商的选择、评价和管理的活动。
1.7需求预测(DF)：Demand Forecasting，指基于市场需求和产品销售数据来预测产品需求的活动。
1.8客户关系管理(CRM)：Customer Relationship Management，指对客户的市场调研、销售管理和售后服务等活动的管理。
76个供应链常用英文术语以下是一份包含76个供应链常用英文术语的列表，涵盖多个领域和流程：1. Activity-based costing (ABC) - 基于活动的成本计算2. SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) - 库存单位3. BPA (Blanket Purchase Agreement) - 大宗采购协议4. Purchase Order (PO) - 采购订单5. Standard Purchase Order (SPO) - 标准采购订单6. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) - 物料需求计划7. Net prices - 净价8. Quick Response (QR) - 快速响应9. Reverse Logistics - 逆向物流10. Supply Chain Integration - 供应链一体化11. Transit Stock - 在途库存12. Just-in-Time (JIT) - 准时制生产13. Demand Forecasting - 需求预测14. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) - 经济订货量15. Lead Time - 订购周期16. Bill of Materials (BOM) - 物料清单17. Inventory Management - 库存管理18. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) - 供应商管理库存19. Distribution Center (DC) - 分销中心20. Transportation Management System (TMS) - 运输管理系统21. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) - 企业资源规划22. Third-Party Logistics (3PL) - 第三方物流23. Fourth-Party Logistics (4PL) - 第四方物流24. Finished Goods Inventory - 成品库存25. Work in Process (WIP) - 在制品26. Cycle Counting - 循环盘点27. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) - 销售成本28. Freight Forwarder - 货运代理29. Incoterms - 国际贸易术语解释通则30. Dock Scheduling - 码头调度31. Drop Shipping - 直接配送32. Pick and Pack - 拣选包装33. Cross-Docking - 越库作业34. Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) - 销售与运营计划35. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) - 客户关系管理36. Total Quality Management (TQM) - 全面质量管理37. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) - 供应商关系管理38. Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) - 商品退货授权39. Barcode / QR Code - 条形码/二维码40. Hazardous Materials (HazMat) Handling - 危险品处理41. Cold Chain - 冷链物流42. Lean Manufacturing - 精益生产43. Six Sigma - 六西格玛44. KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) - 关键绩效指标45. Port of Origin - 起运港46. Port of Destination - 目的港47. Customs Clearance - 海关清关48. Free On Board (FOB) - 船上交货49. Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF) - 成本、保险费加运费50. Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) - 完税后交货51. Ex Works (EXW) - 工厂交货价52. Inbound Logistics - 入库物流53. Outbound Logistics - 出库物流54. Order-to-Cash (OTC) - 订单到收款55. Procure-to-Pay (P2P) - 采购到付款56. Global Trade Management (GTM) - 全球贸易管理57. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) - 电子数据交换58. Takt Time - 节拍时间59. Kanban - 看板管理60. FIFO (First In, First Out) - 先进先出61. LIFO (Last In, First Out) - 后进先出62. Safety Stock - 安全库存63. Lot Size - 批量大小64. Containerization - 集装箱化65. MRP II (Manufacturing Resource Planning) - 制造资源计划66. DRP (Distribution Resource Planning) - 分销资源计划67. Drop Trailer Program - 拖车卸货计划68. Consolidation - 集拼69. Deconsolidation - 拆箱分拨70. Value-Added Services (VAS) - 增值服务71. Trade Compliance - 贸易合规72. Shipment Tracking - 运输追踪73. Carrier Selection - 承运商选择74. Multi-modal Transport - 多式联运75. Green Supply Chain - 绿色供应链76. Blockchain Technology - 区块链技术（在供应链中的应用）请注意，这并非一个详尽无遗的列表，但涵盖了供应链管理中广泛使用的许多关键术语。
供应链supply chain供应链管理supply chain management纵向一体化vertical integration横向一体化horizontal integration供应链管理战略supply chain management strategy供应链协调与写作supply chain coordination and cooperation供应链风险管理supply chain risk management效率型供应链efficient supply chain响应型供应链responsive supply chain敏捷供应链agile supply chain扩展企业extended corporation集成化供应链管理integrated supply chain management业务外包outsourcing推动式push牵引式pull供应链管理战略supply chain management strategy供应链构建supply chain configuration供应链构建的设计原则the principles of supply chain configuration核心企业core company非核心企业non-core company基于产品的供应链设计策略product-based supply chain design为供应链管理设计产品design for supply chain management供应链重构supply chain reengineering供应链合作关系supply chain partnership战略联盟strategic alliance供应商选择supplier selection客户关系管理customer relationship management供应商关系管理supplier relationship management采购管理purchasing management传统采购模式traditional purchasing mode 基于供应链的采购管理模式purchasing mode under the supply chain management mode准时化采购JIT purchasing全球采购global purchase同步化synchronization能力平衡capacity balancing库存控制inventory control协调coordination生产计划与控制production planning and control订单刘order flow合作计划、预测与补货collaborative planning ，forecasting and replenishment准时生产制just in time零库存zero inventories快速响应quick response产品到达市场的时间time-to-market基于时间的竞争time based competition同步性synchronization民机供应链agile supply chain物流logistics物流管理logistics management物流网络logistics network第三方物流third party logistics一体化物流integrated logistics全球物流global logistics流入物流inbound logistics流出物流outbound logistics逆向物流reverse logistics外包outsourcing库存inventory补给策略replenishment policy周期性检查模型periodic review model连续性检查模型continuous review model供应商管理库存vender managed inventory 联合管理库存joint managed inventory多级库存友华multi-stage inventory optimization连续补给continuous replenishment。
GrossRegisteredTonnage(GRT)注册(容积)总吨NetRegisteredTonnage(NRT)注册(容积)净吨GrossDeadWeightTonnage总载重吨位DeadWeightCargoTonnage(DWCT)净载重吨OnBoard(Shipped)B/L已装船提单ReceivedforshipmentB/L备运(收妥待运)提单NamedB/L记名提单BearerB/L不记名提单BlankEndorsement空白备书CleanB/L清洁提单Inapparentgoodorderandcondition外表状况良好Unclean(Foul,Dirty)B/L不清洁提单DirectB/L直航提单TransshipmentB/L转船提单TimeCharterParty定期租船合同Bareboat(demise)CharterParty光船租船合同Commoncarrier公共承运人Privatecarrier私人承运人ConsecutivesingletripC/P连续单航次租船合同ReturntripC/P往返航次租船合同ContractofAffreightment(COA)包运合同VoyageCharterPartyonTimeBasis航次期租合同FixtureNote租船确认书FreeIn(FI)船方不负责装费BookingNote托运单(定舱委托书) ShippingOrder(S/O)装货单(下货纸)Mate′sReceipt收货单LoadingList装货清单StowagePlan货物积载计划DangerousCargoList危险品清单StowageFactor积载因素(系数) Inwardcargo进港货Outwardcargo出港货Containeryard(CY)集装箱堆场Logbook航行日志Linertransport班轮运输Tramptransport不定期(租船)运输MinimumFreight工最低运费AccomplishaBillofLading(to)付单提货Advaloremfreight从价运费Addresscommission(Addcomm)回扣佣金Adjustment海损理算Averageadjuster海损理算师Averagebond海损分摊担保书Addendum(toacharterparty)(租船合同)附件Apron码头前沿Baleorbalecapacity货舱包装容积Back(return)load回程货Backfreight回程运费Ballast(to)空载行驶Barge驳船Barratry船员不轨Barrelhandler桶抓Basecargo(1)垫底货Bottom船体Bottomstowcargo舱底货Bottomryloan船舶抵押贷款Breakbulk零担Brokenstowage亏舱Brokerage经纪人佣金Bulkcargo散装货Bulkcarrier散货船Bulkcontainer散货集装箱Carryings运输量Certificateofseaworthiness适航证书Cesserclause责任终止条款Chassis集装箱拖车Classificationcertificate船级证书Classificationregister船级公告Classificationsociety船级社Classificationsurvey船级检验Paramountclause首要条款Clean(petroleum)products精练油Consignor发货人Consignment托运；托运的货物Consolidation(groupage)拼箱Consortium联营Containerbarge集装箱驳船Containerleasing集装箱租赁Containerization集装箱化Containerised已装箱的，已集装箱化的Containership集装箱船Contamination(ofcargo)货物污染Deckcargo甲板货Deliveryofcargo(aship)交货(交船) DespatchorDespatchmoney速遣费Destuff卸集装箱Deviation绕航Directdischarge(车船)直卸Directtransshipment直接转船Disbursements港口开支Dischargingport卸货港Elevator卸货机Enterashipinwards(outwards)申请船舶进港(出港) Entrepot保税货Equipment设备(常指集装箱)预计到达时间Estimatedtimeofcompletion(ETC)预计完成时间Estimatedtimeofdeparture(ETD)预计离港时间Estimatedtimeofreadiness(ETR)预计准备就绪时间Estimatedtimeofsailing(ETS)预计航行时间Europallet欧式托盘Feedership支线船Ferry渡轮Firstclassship一级船Flagofconvenience(FOC)方便旗船Floatingdock浮坞Forcemajeure不可抗力Fork-lifttruck铲车Fortyfootequivalentunit(FEU)四十英尺集装箱换算单位Four-waypallet四边开槽托盘Freeboard干Fullanddown满舱满载?Gantrycrane门式起重机(门吊)?Gencon金康航次租船合同?Generalaverage共同海损?Generalaveragecontribution共同海损分摊? Generalaveragesacrifice共同海损牺牲? Generalcargo(generals)杂货? Generalpurposecontainer多用途集装箱? Geographicalrotation地理顺序? GermanischerLloyd(G.L.)德国船级社?Harbour海港?Harbourdues港务费?Hatch(hatchcover)舱盖?Hatchway舱口?Headcharterer主租船人?Heavylift超重货物?Heavyliftadditional(surcharge)超重附加费? Heavyliftderrick重型吊杆?Heavyweather恶劣天气??Immediaterebate直接回扣? InternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)国际海事组织? Importentry进口报关?Indemnity赔偿?Inducementcargo起运量货物? Inflationadjustmentfactor(IAF)通货膨胀膨胀调整系数? Infrastructure(ofaport)(港口)基础设施?Inherentvice固有缺陷?InstituteWarrantyLimits(IWL)(伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围? Insufficientpacking包装不足?Ladendraught满载吃水?Landbridge陆桥?Landingcharges卸桥费?Landing,storageanddelivery卸货、仓储和送货费?Lashings绑扎物?Latitude纬度?Lay-byberth候载停泊区?Laydays(laytime)装卸货时间? Laydayscanceling(Laycan或L/C)销约期? Laytimesaved节省的装卸时间?Lloyd′sRegisterofShipping劳埃德船级社? Loadline(loadline)载重线? Loadinghatch装货口?Logabstract航海日志摘录?Longton长吨?Longitude经度? Lumpsumcharter整笔运费租赁? Maidenvoyage处女航? Maindeck主甲板?Mainport主要港口?Misdelivery错误交货? Misdescription错误陈述? Mixedcargo混杂货? Mobilecrane移动式起重机?Moreorlessincharterer’soption(MOLCHOP)承租人有增减选择权? Moreorlessinowner’soption(MOLOO)船东有增减选择权? Mothership母船?Multideckship多层甲板船?Multi-purposecargoship多用途船?Multi-purposeterminal多用途场站?Non-conferenceline(Independentlin岢稍钡暮皆斯不可流通的提单?Non-reversiblelaytime不可调配使用的装卸时间?Non-vesselowning(operating)commoncarrier(NVOCC)无船承运人? Notalwaysafloatbutsafeaground不保持浮泊但安全搁浅? Noteprotest作海事声明?Notifyparty通知方?Ocean(Liner,Sea)waybill海运单? Offhire停租?Oiltanker油轮?On-carriage货运中转?On-carrier接运承运人?Outward进港的? Overheightcargo超重货物? Overlandedcargooroverlanding溢卸货? Overload超载?Overtime(O/T)加班时间? Overtonnaging吨位过剩?Owner′sagents船东代理人? Packagelimitation单位(赔偿)责任限制? Packinglist装箱单?Pallet托(货)盘?Pilferage偷窃?Pilot引航员?Pilotage引航?Pilotagedues引航费?Platformflat平台式集装箱?Pooling(班轮公司间分摊货物或运费)分摊制? Port港口，船的左舷?Portofrefuge避难港? Portableunloader便携式卸货机? Postfixture订约后期工作?Protectiveclauses保护性条款?Protest海事声明?Pumpman泵工?Purchase(吊杆)滑车组?Quarter-deck后甲板?Quay码头?Quote报价?Ramp跳板?Ramp/hatchcover(跳板)舱口盖?Rate费率Rateofdemurrage滞期费率?RegistroItalianoNavale(R.I.)意大利船级社? Releaseabilloflading交提单? Releasecargo放货??Reportingpoint(calling-in-point)报告点? Repositioncontainers调配集装箱? Respondentialoan船货抵押贷款?Returncargo回程货?Returnload回程装载?Reversiblelaytime可调配的装卸时间?Safeworkingload安全工作负荷?Safetyradio-telegraphycertificate无线电报设备安全证书? ?Sail航行,离港?Salvagecharges救助费? Salvageagreement救助协议? Salve救助?Salvor救助人???Semi-trailer半脱车? Separation隔票? Servicecontract服务合同? Shears(shear-legs)人字(起重)架?Shelter-deck遮蔽甲板船?Shift工班?Shift(to)移泊，移位? Shiftingcharges移泊费? Shipbroker船舶经纪人?Shipping航运，船舶，装运?Sidedoorcontainer侧门集装箱?Side-loadingtrailer侧向装卸拖车? Similarsbustitue(sim.sub.)相似替换船? Singlehatchship单舱船?Skid垫木?Skip吊货盘? Slidinghatchcover滑动舱盖? Sling吊货索(链)环，吊起? Sloptank污水箱?Slops污水?Stevedoringcharges装卸费用? Stiff稳性过大?Stranding搁浅? Strengthenedhold加固舱?Strike-bound罢工阻碍?Strip(destuff)acontainer卸集装箱? Stripseal封条?Stuff(to)装集装箱?Sub-charterer转租人?Sub-freight转租运费?Tallysheet(book)理货单? Tankcar槽车?Tankcleaning油舱清洗? Tankcontainer液体集装箱?Tanker油轮?Tariff费率表?Tarpaulin油布?Tender稳性过小?Terminalchassis场站拖车? Terminalhandlingcharge场站操作费?Tractor牵引车?Tradinglimits航行范围?Trailer拖车?Transfer(equipmenthandover)charge设备租用费?Transhipment(transshipment,trans-shipment)转船? Transitcargo过境货物?Transportercrane轨道式起重机?Tray货盘?Trim平舱?Trimaship调整船舶吃水?Unmoor解揽?Unseaworthiness不适航?Utilization整箱货?Valuationform货价单?Vehicle/trainferry汽车/火车渡轮?Ventilatedcontainer通风集装箱?Ventilation通风?Ventilator通风器?Vessel船舶，船方??Wharfage(charges)码头费? Whenwherereadyoncompletionofdischarge(w.w.rc.d.)何时何处还船? ??White(clean,cleanpetroleum)products精炼油? Widelaycan长销约期?Workable(working)hatch可工作舱口?Workingday工作日?Workingdayof24consecutivehours连续24小时工作日? Workingdayof24hours24小时工作日?Lowdensitycargo轻货? SpecificCommodityRates(SCR)特种货物运价? CommodityClassificationRates(CCR)等价货物运价? GeneralCargoRates(GCR)普通货物运价?ConstructionRate比例运价? CombinationofRate分段相加运价? ValuationCharges声明价值费? DeclaredvalueforCarriage运输声明价值? NovalueDeclared(NVD)不要求声明价值? DeclaredvalueforCustoms海关声明价值?LEANLOGISTICS精益物流? VIRTUALLOGISTICS虚拟物流? CUSTOMIZATIONLOGISTICS定制物流?value-ADDEDLOGISTICSSERVICE增值物流服务?SUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT(SCM)供应链管理? SUPPLYCHIANINTEGRATION供应链整合? PHYSICALPRODUCTION产品配送? INTEGRATEDLOGISTICS综合物流? MATERIALREQUIREMENTPLANNING(MRPI)物料需求计划? MANUFACTURINGRESOURCEPLANNING(MRPII)制造资源计划?POINTOFSALE(POS)销售实点(信息)系统? AUTOMATICREPLENISHMENT(AR)自动补货系统? JUSTINTIME(JIT)准时制?OUTSOURCING业务外包(外协，外购)?WAREHOUSE仓库?BONDEDWAREHOUSE保税仓库?GrossRegisteredTonnage(GRT)注册(容积)总吨NetRegisteredTonnage(NRT)注册(容积)净吨GrossDeadWeightTonnage总载重吨位DeadWeightCargoTonnage(DWCT)净载重吨BillofLading提单OnBoard(Shipped)B/L已装船提单ReceivedforshipmentB/L备运(收妥待运)提单NamedB/L记名提单OrderB/L指示提单BlankEndorsement空白备书CleanB/L清洁提单Inapparentgoodorderandcondition外表状况良好Unclean(Foul,Dirty)B/L不清洁提单DirectB/L直航提单Voyagecharterparty航次租船合同TimeCharterParty定期租船合同Bareboat(demise)CharterParty光船租船合同Commoncarrier公共承运人SingletripC/P单航次租船合同ConsecutivesingletripC/P连续单航次租船合同ReturntripC/P往返航次租船合同ContractofAffreightment(COA)包运合同VoyageCharterPartyonTimeBasis航次期租合同FixtureNote租船确认书InternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCode(IMDG)国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规) BookingNote托运单(定舱委托书)ShippingOrder(S/O)装货单(下货纸)Mate′sReceipt收货单CargoManifest载货清单(货物舱单) StowagePlan货物积载计划DangerousCargoList危险品清单StowageFactor积载因素(系数) Inwardcargo进港货Outwardcargo出港货CrewList船员名册Logbook航行日志Linertransport班轮运输Tramptransport不定期(租船)运输MaximumFreight最高运费AccomplishaBillofLading(to)付单提货Advaloremfreight从价运费Addresscommission(Addcomm)回扣佣金Adjustment海损理算Averageadjuster海损理算师Areadifferential地区差价Addendum(toacharterparty)(租船合同)附件Apron码头前沿Baleorbalecapacity货舱包装容积Backtobackcharter转租合同Backfreight回程运费Ballast(to)空载行驶Barge驳船Barratry船员不轨Barrelhandler桶抓Bookspace洽订舱位Bottom船体Bottomstowcargo舱底货Bottomryloan船舶抵押贷款Breakbulkcargo零担货物Brokenstowage亏舱Brokerage经纪人佣金Bulkcargo散装货Bulkcarrier散货船Bulkcontainer散货集装箱Cargoworthiness适货Carryings运输量Certificateofseaworthiness适航证书Cesserclause责任终止条款Claimsadjuster理赔人Classificationcertificate船级证书Classificationregister船级公告Classificationsociety船级社Classificationsurvey船级检验Paramountclause首要条款Consignee收货人Consignor发货人Consignment托运；托运的货物Consolidation(groupage)拼箱Constants常数Containerbarge集装箱驳船Containerleasing集装箱租赁Containerization集装箱化Containerised已装箱的，已集装箱化的Containership集装箱船Deaiweightscale载重图表Deckcargo甲板货Deliveryofcargo(aship)交货(交船) DespatchorDespatchmoney速遣费Deviation绕航Directdischarge(车船)直卸Directtransshipment直接转船Disbursements港口开支Elevator卸货机Enterashipinwards(outwards)申请船舶进港(出港) Entrepot保税货Equipmenthandovercharge设备使用费预计到达时间Estimatedtimeofcompletion(ETC)预计完成时间Estimatedtimeofdeparture(ETD)预计离港时间Estimatedtimeofreadiness(ETR)预计准备就绪时间Estimatedtimeofsailing(ETS)预计航行时间Feederservice支线运输服务Feedership支线船Ferry渡轮Firstclassship一级船Floatingcrane浮吊Floatingdock浮坞Forcemajeure不可抗力Fork-lifttruck铲车Fortyfootequivalentunit(FEU)四十英尺集装箱换算单位Four-waypallet四边开槽托盘Fullandcompletecargo满舱满载货?Fullanddown满舱满载?Gantrycrane门式起重机(门吊)?Gencon金康航次租船合同?Generalaverageact共同海损行为? Generalaveragecontribution共同海损分摊? Generalaveragesacrifice共同海损牺牲? Generalcargo(generals)杂货? Generalpurposecontainer多用途集装箱? Geographicalrotation地理顺序?Handy-sizedbulker小型散货船?Harbour海港?Harbourdues港务费?Hatch(hatchcover)舱盖?Headcharter(charterparty)主租船合同? Headcharterer主租船人?Heavylift超重货物?Heavyliftadditional(surcharge)超重附加费? Heavyliftderrick重型吊杆?Heavyweather恶劣天气?Idle(船舶、设备)闲置?Immediaterebate直接回扣? InternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)国际海事组织? Importentry进口报关?Inducement起运量?Inducementcargo起运量货物? Inflationadjustmentfactor(IAF)通货膨胀膨胀调整系数? Infrastructure(ofaport)(港口)基础设施?Inherentvice固有缺陷?InstituteWarrantyLimits(IWL)(伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围?Laden满载的?Ladendraught满载吃水?Landbridge陆桥?Landingcharges卸桥费?Lash用绳绑扎?Lashings绑扎物?Latitude纬度?Lay-byberth候载停泊区?Laydays(laytime)装卸货时间? Laydayscanceling(Laycan或L/C)销约期?Linerterms班轮条件?Lloyd′sRegisterofShipping劳埃德船级社? Loadline(loadline)载重线? Loadinghatch装货口?Longlengthadditional超长附加费? Longton长吨?Longitude经度? Lumpsumcharter整笔运费租赁? Maidenvoyage处女航? Maindeck主甲板?Metricton公吨?Misdelivery错误交货? Misdescription错误陈述? Mixedcargo混杂货?。
【供应链名称由来】供应链最早来源于彼得.德鲁克提出的"经济链",而后经由迈克尔.波特发展成为"价值链",最终日渐演变为"供应链".那么什么是"供应链"(SUPPLY CHAIN)呢? 它的定义为:"围绕核心企业,通过对信息流,物流,资金流的控制,从采购原材料开始,制成中间产品及最终产品,最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中.它是将供应商,制造商,分销商,零售商,直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链模式".所以,一条完整的供应链应包括供应商(原材料供应商或零配件供应商),制造商(加工厂或装配厂),分销商(代理商或批发商),零售商(大卖场,百货商店,超市,专卖店,便利店和杂货店)以及消费者.从中可以看到,它是一个范围更广的企业机构模式.它不仅是联接供应商到用户的物料链,信息链,资金链,同时更为重要的是它也是一条增值链.因为物料在供应链上进行了加工,包装,运输等过程而增加了其价值,从而给这条链上的相关企业带来了收益.这一点很关键.它是维系这条供应链赖以存在的基础.如果没有创造额外的价值,即增值,相关企业没有得到应有的回报,这条链能继续转动吗?【供应链定义】所谓供应链，其实就是由供应商、制造商、仓库、配送中心和渠道商等构成的物流网络。
同一企业可能构成这个网络的不同组成节点，但更多的情况下是由不同的企业构成这个网络中的不同节点。
比如，在某个供应链中，同一企业可能既在制造商、仓库节点，又在配送中心节点等占有位置。
在分工愈细，专业要求愈高的供应链中，不同节点基本上由不同的企业组成。
在供应链各成员单位间流动的原材料、在制品库存和产成品等就构成了供应链上的货物流。
【供应链管理的目标和目的】供应链管理的目标是在满足客户需要的前提下，对整个供应链（从供货商，制造商，分销商到消费者）的各个环节进行综合管理，例如从采购、物料管理、生产、配送、营销到消费者的整个供应链的货物流、信息流和资金流，把物流与库存成本降到最小。
