系统权限列表
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系统权限清单系统权限一、学生基本信息管理普通学生:查看全班同学基本信息修改完善个人部分信息(需管理员授权——有时间限制)班长:查看全班同学基本信息修改完善班级学生部分信息(需管理员授权——有时间限制)班主任:查看全班同学基本信息学工办:查看院系同学基本信息录入学生基本信息信息修改学生基本信息信息删除学生基本信息信息审核学生班长完善信息学工处:查看全校同学基本信息二、寝室信息管理普通学生:查询住宿信息(本班)、查询假期留校信息(本班)、申请假期留校(有时间限制)、查询校外住宿(本班)班长:查询住宿信息(本班)、添加住宿信息(本班、有时间限制)、申请调整寝室、查询假期留校信息(本班)、查询校外住宿(本班)、添加校外住宿(本班)班主任:查询住宿信息(本班)、查询假期留校信息(本班)、查询校外住宿(本班)学工办:查询全院寝室分布(本院)、查询待分配寝室班级、分配寝室到各班、审核住宿信息(有时间限制)、查询住宿信息、修改住宿信息(有时间限制)、删除住宿信息、审核调整寝室(有时间限制)、查看调整寝室、审核假期留校(有时间限制)、查看假期留校、修改假期留校(有时间限制)、删除假期留校、查看校外住宿、修改校外住宿、删除校外住宿学工处:查看学生住宿(全校)、查看假期留校(全校)、查看校外住宿(全校)后勤集团:查看楼栋信息、添加楼栋、修改楼栋信息、删除楼栋信息、查看楼栋寝室信息、添加楼栋寝室、修改楼栋寝室信息、删除楼栋寝室信息、查询寝室床位信息、修改寝室床位、查询分配寝室信息、分配寝室至院系、查询院系寝室统计信息三、学生活动管理普通学生:查询:可查询全校的所有活动基本信息只能查个人的参加活动信息。
申请活动:能够申请本院的院级活动和校级活动。
参加活动:能够申请本院的院级活动和校级活动。
活动负责人:活动信息管理:对自己所负责活动学生信息进行管理(有时间限制,有状态限制)查询所有负责的活动信息。
能够申请学生活动信息入库院学工办:查询:查询全校所有的活动基本信息。
如何设置电脑系统的用户权限在日常使用电脑的过程中,了解和设置用户权限是非常重要的。
通过合理的用户权限设置,可以保护个人隐私,防止潜在的安全威胁,同时也可以管理和控制各个用户对系统的访问和使用权限。
本文将介绍如何设置电脑系统的用户权限,以保障系统的安全性和用户的有效管理。
一、了解用户权限的种类和层级在设置用户权限之前,我们首先需要了解不同种类和层级的用户权限。
通常,操作系统会提供以下几个基本权限层级:管理员、普通用户、访客、受限用户等。
具体权限层级的设置可能因操作系统的不同而略有差异,但大致都可以按照这几个层级进行分类。
管理员权限通常具备对系统的完全控制权,可以进行系统的修改、安装和卸载软件等操作。
普通用户权限相对较低,仅具备一般操作和使用软件的权限。
访客权限较低,通常仅具备浏览和访问系统的权限。
受限用户权限最低,只能在一定范围内使用少数功能和软件。
二、设置用户权限1.管理员账户的设置在初始安装操作系统或首次启动电脑时,通常会要求创建一个管理员账户。
管理员账户拥有操作系统的完全控制权,可以修改系统设置和其他用户的权限。
为了保证系统的安全性,我们应合理设置管理员账户的用户名和密码,确保密码强度足够高,并妥善保管密码。
此外,我们还可以为管理员账户设置密保问题,以增加账户的安全性。
2.创建其他用户账户为了实现系统的多用户管理,我们可以创建其他用户账户。
创建新用户账户时,需要指定该账户的权限层级。
一般来说,普通用户权限是大部分用户所用到的,因此我们可以针对不同用户的需求来设置其权限。
例如,对于家庭成员来说,我们可以将普通用户权限分配给他们,以便他们能够正常使用电脑和软件。
对于访客或临时用户,我们可以创建访客账户或者受限用户账户,降低其系统访问和操作的权限。
3.限制用户权限在设置用户权限时,我们还可以进一步限制用户的访问和操作范围。
例如,我们可以限制用户对重要文件和文件夹的访问权限,防止用户对系统关键内容进行误操作或者删除。
Android权限列表permission说明(一)网络上不乏android权限列表,但是很少有将列表和使用方法放在一起的,所以特此总结一下需要在AndroidManifest.xml中定义相应的权限(以获取internet访问权限为例),如下:Xml代码1.< uses-permission android:name =”android.permission.INTERNET”/>注意在<application>也可以定义INTERNET权限,如下:Xml代码1.< application android:permission =”android.permissio n.INTERNET” >android.permission.ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES允许读写访问"properties"表在checkin数据库中,改值可以修改上传( Allows read/write access to the "properties" table in the checkin database, to change values that get uploaded)android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION允许一个程序访问CellID或WiFi热点来获取粗略的位置(Allows an application to access coarse (e.g., Cell-ID, WiFi) location)android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION允许一个程序访问精良位置(如GPS) (Allows an application to access fine (e.g., GPS)location)android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMAND S允许应用程序访问额外的位置提供命令(Allows an application to access extra location provider commands)android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION允许程序创建模拟位置提供用于测试(Allows an application to create mock location providers for testing)android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE允许程序访问有关GSM网络信息(Allows applications to access information about networks)android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER允许程序使用SurfaceFlinger底层特性(Allows an application to use SurfaceFlinger's low level features)android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE允许程序访问Wi-Fi 网络状态信息(Allows applications to access information about Wi-Fi networks)android.permission.ADD_SYSTEM_SERVICE允许程序发布系统级服务(Allows an application to publish system-level services).android.permission.BATTERY_STATS允许程序更新手机电池统计信息(Allows an application to update the collected battery statistics)android.permission.BLUETOOTH允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备(Allows applications to connect to paired bluetooth devices) android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备(Allows applications to discover and pair bluetooth devices)android.permission.BRICK请求能够禁用设备(非常危险)(Required to be able to disable the device (very dangerous!).) android.permission.BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED允许程序广播一个提示消息在一个应用程序包已经移除后(Allows anapplication to broadcast a notification that an application package has been removed)android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY.允许一个程序广播常用intents(Allows an application to broadcast sticky intents) android.permission.CALL_PHONE允许一个程序初始化一个电话拨号不需通过拨号用户界面需要用户确认(Allows an application to initiate a phone call without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call being placed.) android.permission.CALL_PRIVILEGED允许一个程序拨打任何号码,包含紧急号码无需通过拨号用户界面需要用户确认(Allows an application to call any phone number, including emergency numbers, without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call being placed)android.permission.CAMERA请求访问使用照相设备(Required to be able to access the camera device. )android.permission.CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STAT E允许一个程序是否改变一个组件或其他的启用或禁用(Allows an application to change whether an application component (other than its own) is enabled or not. )android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION允许一个程序修改当前设置,如本地化(Allows an application to modify the current configuration, such as locale. )android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE允许程序改变网络连接状态(Allows applications to change network connectivity state)android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE允许程序改变Wi-Fi 连接状态(Allows applications to change Wi-Fi connectivity state) android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE允许一个程序清楚缓存从所有安装的程序在设备中(Allows an application to clear the caches of all installed applications on the device. )android.permission.CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA允许一个程序清除用户设置(Allows an application to clear user data)android.permission.CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES允许启用禁止位置更新提示从无线模块(Allows enabling/disabling location update notifications from the radio. )android.permission.DELETE_CACHE_FILES允许程序删除缓存文件(Allows an application to delete cache files)android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES允许一个程序删除包(Allows an application to delete packages)android.permission.DEVICE_POWER允许访问底层电源管理(Allows low-level access to power management)android.permission.DIAGNOSTIC允许程序RW诊断资源(Allows applications to RW to diagnostic resources. ) android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD允许程序禁用键盘锁(Allows applications to disable the keyguard )android.permission.DUMP允许程序返回状态抓取信息从系统服务(Allows an application to retrieve state dump information from system services.)android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR允许一个程序扩展收缩在状态栏,Android开发网提示应该是一个类似Windows Mobile 中的托盘程序(Allows an application to expand or collapse the status bar. )android.permission.FACTORY_TEST作为一个工厂测试程序,运行在root用户(Run as a manufacturer test application, running as the root user. )android.permission.FLASHLIGHT访问闪光灯,Android开发网提示HTC Dream不包含闪光灯(Allows access to the flashlight ) android.permission.FORCE_BACK允许程序强行一个后退操作是否在顶层activities(Allows an application to force a BACK operation on whatever is the top activity. )android.permission.FOTA_UPDATE暂时不了解这是做什么使用的,Android开发网分析可能是一个预留权限.android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS访问一个帐户列表在Accounts Service中(Allows access to the list of accounts in the Accounts Service)android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE允许一个程序获取任何package占用空间容量(Allows an application to find out the space used by any package. )android.permission.GET_TASKS允许一个程序获取信息有关当前或最近运行的任务,一个缩略的任务状态,是否活动等等(Allows an application to get information about the currently or recently running tasks: a thumbnail representation of the tasks, what activities are running in it, etc.)android.permission.HARDWARE_TEST允许访问硬件(Allows access to hardware peripherals. )android.permission.INJECT_EVENTS允许一个程序截获用户事件如按键、触摸、轨迹球等等到一个时间流,Android开发网提醒算是hook技术吧(Allows an application to inject user events (keys, touch, trackball) into the event stream and deliver them to ANY window.)android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES允许一个程序安装packages(Allows an application to install packages. )android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW允许打开窗口使用系统用户界面(Allows an application to open windows that are for use by parts of the system user interface. ) android.permission.INTERNET允许程序打开网络套接字(Allows applications to open network sockets)android.permission.MANAGE_APP_TOKENS允许程序管理(创建、催后、z-order默认向z轴推移)程序引用在窗口管理器中(Allows an application to manage (create, destroy, Z-order) applicationtokens in the window manager. )android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR目前还没有明确的解释,Android开发网分析可能是清除一切数据,类似硬格机android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS允许程序修改全局音频设置(Allows an application to modify global audio settings)android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE允许修改话机状态,如电源,人机接口等(Allows modification of the telephony state - power on, mmi, etc. )android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS允许挂载和反挂载文件系统可移动存储(Allows mounting and unmounting file systems for removable storage. )android.permission.PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY允许一个程序设置他的activities显示(Allow an application to make its activities persistent. )android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS允许程序监视、修改有关播出电话(Allows an application to monitor, modify, or abort outgoing calls)android.permission.READ_CALENDAR允许程序读取用户日历数据(Allows an application to read the user's calendar data.) android.permission.READ_CONTACTS允许程序读取用户联系人数据(Allows an application to read the user's contacts data.) android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER允许程序屏幕波或和更多常规的访问帧缓冲数据(Allows an application to take screen shots and more generally get access to the frame buffer data) android.permission.READ_INPUT_STATE允许程序返回当前按键状态(Allows an application to retrieve the current state of keys and switches. )android.permission.READ_LOGS允许程序读取底层系统日志文件(Allows an application to read the low-level system log files. )android.permission.READ_OWNER_DATA允许程序读取所有者数据(Allows an application to read the owner's data)android.permission.READ_SMS允许程序读取短信息(Allows an application to read SMS messages.)android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS允许程序读取同步设置(Allows applications to read the sync settings)android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS允许程序读取同步状态(Allows applications to read the sync stats)android.permission.REBOOT请求能够重新启动设备(Required to be able to reboot the device. )android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED允许一个程序接收到ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED广播在系统完成启动(Allows an application to receive the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after the system finishes booting. )android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS允许一个程序监控将收到MMS彩信,记录或处理(Allows an application to monitor incoming MMS messages, to record or perform processing on them. ) android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS允许程序监控一个将收到短信息,记录或处理(Allows an application to monitor incoming SMS messages, to record or perform processing on them.) android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH允许程序监控将收到WAP PUSH信息(Allows an application to monitor incoming WAP push messages. )android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO允许程序录制音频(Allows an application to record audio)android.permission.REORDER_TASKS允许程序改变Z轴排列任务(Allows an application to change the Z-order of tasks) android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES允许程序重新启动其他程序(Allows an application to restart other applications) android.permission.SEND_SMS允许程序发送SMS短信(Allowsan application to send SMS messages)android.permission.SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER允许程序监控或控制activities已经启动全局系统中Allows an application to watch and control how activities are started globally in the system.android.permission.SET_ALWAYS_FINISH允许程序控制是否活动间接完成在处于后台时Allows an application to control whether activities are immediately finished when put in the background.android.permission.SET_ANIMATION_SCALE修改全局信息比例(Modify the global animation scaling factor.)android.permission.SET_DEBUG_APP配置一个程序用于调试(Configure an application for debugging.)android.permission.SET_ORIENTATION允许底层访问设置屏幕方向和实际旋转(Allows low-level access to setting the orientation (actually rotation) of the screen.)android.permission.SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS允许一个程序修改列表参数PackageManager.addPackageT oPreferred() 和PackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred()方法(Allows an application to modify the list of preferred applications with the PackageManager.addPackageT oPreferred() and PackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred() methods.) android.permission.SET_PROCESS_FOREGROUND允许程序当前运行程序强行到前台(Allows an application to force any currently running process to be in the foreground.)android.permission.SET_PROCESS_LIMIT允许设置最大的运行进程数量(Allows an application to set the maximum number of (not needed) application processes that can be running. ) android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE允许程序设置时间区域(Allows applications to set the system time zone)android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER允许程序设置壁纸(Allows applications to set the wallpaper )android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS允许程序设置壁纸hits(Allows applications to set the wallpaper hints) android.permission.SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES允许程序请求发送信号到所有显示的进程中(Allow an application to request that a signal be sent to all persistent processes) android.permission.STATUS_BAR允许程序打开、关闭或禁用状态栏及图标Allows an application to open, close, or disable the status bar and its icons.android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ允许一个程序访问订阅RSS Feed内容提供(Allows an application to allow access the subscribed feeds ContentProvider. )android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_WRITE系统暂时保留改设置,Android开发网认为未来版本会加入该功能。
Android应⽤的权限配置和权限列表权限配置写在Mainifest.xml⽂件中:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"package="com.example.mxmtxtreader"android:versionCode="1"android:versionName="1.0" ><uses-sdkandroid:minSdkVersion="14"android:targetSdkVersion="21" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE" /><applicationandroid:allowBackup="true"android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"android:label="@string/app_name"android:theme="@style/AppTheme" ><activityandroid:name=".BookActivity"android:label="@string/app_name" ><intent-filter><action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /><category android:name="UNCHER" /></intent-filter></activity><activityandroid:name=".ReadingActivity"android:label="@string/app_name" ></activity><activityandroid:name=".ImportBook"android:label="@string/menu_import" ></activity></application></manifest>可配置的权限列表如下:访问登记属性android.permission.ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES ,读取或写⼊登记check-in数据库属性表的权限获取错略位置android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,通过WiFi或移动基站的⽅式获取⽤户错略的经纬度信息,定位精度⼤概误差在30~1500⽶获取精确位置android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,通过GPS芯⽚接收卫星的定位信息,定位精度达10⽶以内访问定位额外命令android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS,允许程序访问额外的定位提供者指令获取模拟定位信息android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION,获取模拟定位信息,⼀般⽤于帮助开发者调试应⽤获取⽹络状态android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,获取⽹络信息状态,如当前的⽹络连接是否有效访问Surface Flinger android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER,Android平台上底层的图形显⽰⽀持,⼀般⽤于游戏或照相机预览界⾯和底层模式的屏幕截图获取WiFi状态android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE,获取当前WiFi接⼊的状态以及WLAN热点的信息账户管理android.permission.ACCOUNT_MANAGER,获取账户验证信息,主要为GMail账户信息,只有系统级进程才能访问的权限验证账户android.permission.AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS,允许⼀个程序通过账户验证⽅式访问账户管理ACCOUNT_MANAGER相关信息电量统计android.permission.BATTERY_STATS,获取电池电量统计信息绑定⼩插件android.permission.BIND_APPWIDGET,允许⼀个程序告诉appWidget服务需要访问⼩插件的数据库,只有⾮常少的应⽤才⽤到此权限绑定设备管理android.permission.BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN,请求系统管理员接收者receiver,只有系统才能使⽤绑定输⼊法android.permission.BIND_INPUT_METHOD ,请求InputMethodService服务,只有系统才能使⽤绑定RemoteView android.permission.BIND_REMOTEVIEWS,必须通过RemoteViewsService服务来请求,只有系统才能⽤绑定壁纸android.permission.BIND_WALLPAPER,必须通过WallpaperService服务来请求,只有系统才能⽤使⽤蓝⽛android.permission.BLUETOOTH,允许程序连接配对过的蓝⽛设备蓝⽛管理android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN,允许程序进⾏发现和配对新的蓝⽛设备变成砖头android.permission.BRICK,能够禁⽤⼿机,⾮常危险,顾名思义就是让⼿机变成砖头应⽤删除时⼴播android.permission.BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED,当⼀个应⽤在删除时触发⼀个⼴播收到短信时⼴播android.permission.BROADCAST_SMS,当收到短信时触发⼀个⼴播连续⼴播android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY,允许⼀个程序收到⼴播后快速收到下⼀个⼴播WAP PUSH⼴播android.permission.BROADCAST_WAP_PUSH,WAP PUSH服务收到后触发⼀个⼴播拨打电话android.permission.CALL_PHONE,允许程序从⾮系统拨号器⾥输⼊电话号码通话权限android.permission.CALL_PRIVILEGED,允许程序拨打电话,替换系统的拨号器界⾯拍照权限android.permission.CAMERA,允许访问摄像头进⾏拍照改变组件状态android.permission.CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE,改变组件是否启⽤状态改变配置android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION,允许当前应⽤改变配置,如定位改变⽹络状态android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,改变⽹络状态如是否能联⽹android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE,改变WiFi多播状态改变WiFi多播状态改变WiFi状态android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE,改变WiFi状态清除应⽤缓存android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE,清除应⽤缓存清除⽤户数据android.permission.CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA,清除应⽤的⽤户数据底层访问权限android.permission.CWJ_GROUP,允许CWJ账户组访问底层信息android.permission.CELL_PHONE_MASTER_EX,⼿机优化⼤师扩展权限⼿机优化⼤师扩展权限控制定位更新android.permission.CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES,允许获得移动⽹络定位信息改变删除缓存⽂件android.permission.DELETE_CACHE_FILES,允许应⽤删除缓存⽂件删除应⽤android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES,允许程序删除应⽤电源管理android.permission.DEVICE_POWER,允许访问底层电源管理应⽤诊断android.permission.DIAGNOSTIC,允许程序到RW到诊断资源禁⽤键盘锁android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD,允许程序禁⽤键盘锁转存系统信息android.permission.DUMP,允许程序获取系统dump信息从系统服务状态栏控制android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR,允许程序扩展或收缩状态栏⼯⼚测试模式android.permission.FACTORY_TEST,允许程序运⾏⼯⼚测试模式使⽤闪光灯android.permission.FLASHLIGHT,允许访问闪光灯强制后退android.permission.FORCE_BACK,允许程序强制使⽤back后退按键,⽆论Activity是否在顶层android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS,访问GMail账户列表访问账户Gmail列表获取应⽤⼤⼩android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE,获取应⽤的⽂件⼤⼩获取任务信息android.permission.GET_TASKS,允许程序获取当前或最近运⾏的应⽤允许全局搜索android.permission.GLOBAL_SEARCH,允许程序使⽤全局搜索功能硬件测试android.permission.HARDWARE_TEST,访问硬件辅助设备,⽤于硬件测试注射事件android.permission.INJECT_EVENTS,允许访问本程序的底层事件,获取按键、轨迹球的事件流安装定位提供android.permission.INSTALL_LOCATION_PROVIDER,安装定位提供安装应⽤程序android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES,允许程序安装应⽤内部系统窗⼝android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW,允许程序打开内部窗⼝,不对第三⽅应⽤程序开放此权限访问⽹络android.permission.INTERNET,访问⽹络连接,可能产⽣GPRS流量结束后台进程android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES,允许程序调⽤killBackgroundProcesses(String).⽅法结束后台进程管理账户android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS,允许程序管理AccountManager中的账户列表管理程序引⽤android.permission.MANAGE_APP_TOKENS,管理创建、摧毁、Z轴顺序,仅⽤于系统⾼级权限android.permission.MTWEAK_USER,允许mTweak⽤户访问⾼级系统权限社区权限android.permission.MTWEAK_FORUM,允许使⽤mTweak社区权限软格式化android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR,允许程序执⾏软格式化,删除系统配置信息修改声⾳设置android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS,修改声⾳设置信息修改电话状态android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE,修改电话状态,如飞⾏模式,但不包含替换系统拨号器界⾯格式化⽂件系统android.permission.MOUNT_FORMAT_FILESYSTEMS,格式化可移动⽂件系统,⽐如格式化清空SD卡挂载⽂件系统android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS,挂载、反挂载外部⽂件系统允许NFC通讯android.permission.NFC,允许程序执⾏NFC近距离通讯操作,⽤于移动⽀持永久Activity android.permission.PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY,创建⼀个永久的Activity,该功能标记为将来将被移除处理拨出电话android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS,允许程序监视,修改或放弃播出电话读取⽇程提醒android.permission.READ_CALENDAR,允许程序读取⽤户的⽇程信息读取联系⼈android.permission.READ_CONTACTS,允许应⽤访问联系⼈通讯录信息屏幕截图android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER,读取帧缓存⽤于屏幕截图com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS,读取浏览器收藏夹和历史记录读取收藏夹和历史记录读取输⼊状态android.permission.READ_INPUT_STATE,读取当前键的输⼊状态,仅⽤于系统读取系统⽇志android.permission.READ_LOGS,读取系统底层⽇志读取电话状态android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,访问电话状态读取短信内容android.permission.READ_SMS,读取短信内容读取同步设置android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS,读取同步设置,读取Google在线同步设置读取同步状态android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS,读取同步状态,获得Google在线同步状态重启设备android.permission.REBOOT,允许程序重新启动设备开机⾃动允许android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED,允许程序开机⾃动运⾏接收彩信android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS,接收彩信接收短信android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS,接收短信接收Wap Push android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH,接收WAP PUSH信息录⾳android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,录制声⾳通过⼿机或⽿机的麦克排序系统任务android.permission.REORDER_TASKS,重新排序系统Z轴运⾏中的任务结束系统任务android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES,结束任务通过restartPackage(String)⽅法,该⽅式将在外来放弃发送短信android.permission.SEND_SMS,发送短信android.permission.SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER,设置Activity观察器⼀般⽤于monkey测试设置Activity观察其设置闹铃提醒com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM,设置闹铃提醒设置总是退出android.permission.SET_ALWAYS_FINISH,设置程序在后台是否总是退出设置动画缩放android.permission.SET_ANIMATION_SCALE,设置全局动画缩放设置调试程序android.permission.SET_DEBUG_APP,设置调试程序,⼀般⽤于开发设置屏幕⽅向android.permission.SET_ORIENTATION,设置屏幕⽅向为横屏或标准⽅式显⽰,不⽤于普通应⽤设置应⽤参数android.permission.SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS,设置应⽤的参数,已不再⼯作具体查看addPackageToPreferred(String) 介绍设置进程限制android.permission.SET_PROCESS_LIMIT,允许程序设置最⼤的进程数量的限制设置系统时间android.permission.SET_TIME,设置系统时间设置系统时区android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE,设置系统时区设置桌⾯壁纸android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER,设置桌⾯壁纸设置壁纸建议android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS,设置壁纸建议android.permission.SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES,发送⼀个永久的进程信号发送永久进程信号状态栏控制android.permission.STATUS_BAR,允许程序打开、关闭、禁⽤状态栏访问订阅内容android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ,访问订阅信息的数据库写⼊订阅内容android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_WRITE,写⼊或修改订阅内容的数据库显⽰系统窗⼝android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW,显⽰系统窗⼝更新设备状态android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,更新设备状态使⽤证书E_CREDENTIALS,允许程序请求验证从AccountManager使⽤SIP视频E_SIP,允许程序使⽤SIP视频服务使⽤振动android.permission.VIBRATE,允许振动唤醒锁定android.permission.WAKE_LOCK,允许程序在⼿机屏幕关闭后后台进程仍然运⾏android.permission.WRITE_APN_SETTINGS,写⼊⽹络GPRS接⼊点设置写⼊GPRS接⼊点设置写⼊⽇程提醒android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR,写⼊⽇程,但不可读取写⼊联系⼈android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS,写⼊联系⼈,但不可读取写⼊外部存储android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,允许程序写⼊外部存储,如SD卡上写⽂件android.permission.WRITE_GSERVICES,允许程序写⼊Google Map服务数据写⼊Google地图数据com.android.browser.permission.WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS,写⼊浏览器历史记录或收藏夹,但不可读取写⼊收藏夹和历史记录android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS,允许程序读写系统安全敏感的设置项读写系统敏感设置读写系统设置android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS,允许读写系统设置项编写短信android.permission.WRITE_SMS,允许编写短信android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS,写⼊Google在线同步设置写⼊在线同步设置。
Mac系统中的系统权限和用户管理在Mac系统中,系统权限和用户管理是重要的概念。
系统权限指的是操作系统对于不同用户和应用程序的访问与控制权限,而用户管理则是指对Mac系统中用户账户的管理与设置。
了解和正确运用系统权限和用户管理对于保障Mac系统的安全和稳定性至关重要。
本文将介绍Mac系统中的系统权限和用户管理,并提供操作指南和实用技巧。
一、系统权限的概念与分类系统权限是指在Mac系统中,不同用户和应用程序对于系统中资源和功能的访问权限。
Mac系统中将用户权限划分为不同级别,以确保系统的安全性和数据的保护。
常见的系统权限包括以下几种:1. 管理员权限(Admin)管理员权限是最高权限,只有具有管理员账户的用户才能拥有。
拥有管理员权限可以对整个系统进行设置和修改,包括安装软件、更改系统设置等。
2. 根用户权限(Root)根用户权限是Mac系统中的超级用户,拥有最高的系统访问权限。
根用户可以执行一些需要超级权限的操作,例如修改系统文件等。
但由于根用户权限过高,操作时需谨慎,一般情况下不建议直接使用根用户。
3. 标准用户权限(Standard)标准用户权限是Mac系统中的默认权限级别,适合大多数终端用户使用。
标准用户可以进行系统设置的部分修改,但不能对系统的核心功能和设置进行更改。
4. 访客权限(Guest)访客权限是供临时用户使用的,拥有最低的系统访问权限。
使用访客账户登录后,系统会自动清除该账户的所有数据,以确保隐私安全。
二、用户账户的创建与管理在Mac系统中,用户账户的创建与管理可以灵活地适应不同的使用需求。
以下是用户账户的创建与管理的基本操作指南:1. 创建用户账户a) 打开“系统偏好设置”,点击“用户与群组”。
b) 点击左下角的“解锁”按钮,输入管理员账户密码。
c) 点击左侧的加号按钮,选择“新建用户”。
d) 输入要创建的用户名和密码,选择用户类型(标准用户或管理员),点击“创建用户”。
2. 修改用户账户信息a) 在“用户与群组”界面,选择需要修改的用户账户。
程序执行需要读取到安全敏感项必需在androidmanifest.xml中声明相关权限请求, 完整列表如下:1. android.permission.ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES允许读写访问”properties”表在checkin数据库中,改值可以修改上传( Allows read/write access to the “properties” table in the checkin database, to change values that get up loaded)2. android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION允许一个程序访问CellID或WiFi热点来获取粗略的位置(Allows an application to access coarse(e.g., Cell-ID, WiFi) location)3. android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION允许一个程序访问精良位置(如GPS) (Allows an application to access fine (e.g., GPS) location) 4. android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS允许应用程序访问额外的位置提供命令(Allows an application to access extra location provider commands)5. android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION允许程序创建模拟位置提供用于测试(Allows an application to create mock location providers for testing)6. android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE允许程序访问有关GSM网络信息(Allows applications to access information about networks) 7. android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER允许程序使用SurfaceFlinger底层特性(Al lows an application to use SurfaceFlinger’s low level features)8. android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE允许程序访问Wi-Fi网络状态信息(Allows applications to access information about Wi-Fi networks)9. android.permission.ADD_SYSTEM_SERVICE允许程序发布系统级服务(Allows an application to publish system-level services).10. android.permission.BATTERY_STATS允许程序更新手机电池统计信息(Allows an application to update the collected battery statistics)11. android.permission.BLUETOOTH允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备(Allows applications to connect to paired bluetooth devices) 12. android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备(Allows applications to discover and pair bluetooth devices) 13. android.permission.BRICK请求能够禁用设备(非常危险)(Required to be able to disable the device (very *erous!).)14. android.permission.BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED允许程序广播一个提示消息在一个应用程序包已经移除后(Allows an application to broadcast a notification that an application package has been removed)15. android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY允许一个程序广播常用intents(Allows an application to broadcast sticky intents)16. android.permission.CALL_PHONE允许一个程序初始化一个电话拨号不需通过拨号用户界面需要用户确认(Allows an application to initiate a phone call without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call being placed.)17. android.permission.CALL_PRIVILEGED允许一个程序拨打任何号码,包含紧急号码无需通过拨号用户界面需要用户确认(Allows an application to call any phone number, including emergency numbers, without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call being placed)18. android.permission.CAMERA请求访问使用照相设备(Required to be able to access the camera device. )19. android.permission.CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE允许一个程序是否改变一个组件或其他的启用或禁用(Allows an application to change whether an application component (other than its own) is enabled or not. )20. android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION允许一个程序修改当前设置,如本地化(Allows an application to modify the current configuration, such as locale. )21. android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE允许程序改变网络连接状态(Allows applications to change network connectivity state)22. android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE允许程序改变Wi-Fi连接状态(Allows applications to change Wi-Fi connectivity state)23. android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE允许一个程序清楚缓存从所有安装的程序在设备中(Allows an application to clear the caches of all installed applications on the device. )24. android.permission.CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA允许一个程序清除用户设置(Allows an application to clear user data)25. android.permission.CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES允许启用禁止位置更新提示从无线模块(Allows enabling/disabling location update notifications from the radio. )26. android.permission.DELETE_CACHE_FILES允许程序删除缓存文件(Allows an application to delete cache files)27. android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES允许一个程序删除包(Allows an application to delete packages)28. android.permission.DEVICE_POWER允许访问底层电源管理(Allows low-level access to power management)29. android.permission.DIAGNOSTIC允许程序RW诊断资源(Allows applications to RW to diagnostic resources. )30. android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD允许程序禁用键盘锁(Allows applications to disable the keyguard )31. android.permission.DUMP允许程序返回状态抓取信息从系统服务(Allows an application to retrieve state dump information from system services.)32. android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR允许一个程序扩展收缩在状态栏,android开发网提示应该是一个类似Windows Mobile中的托盘程序(Allows an application to expand or collapse the status bar. )33. android.permission.FACTORY_TEST作为一个工厂测试程序,运行在root用户(Run as a manufacturer test application, running as the root user. )34. android.permission.FLASHLIGHT访问闪光灯,android开发网提示HTC Dream不包含闪光灯(Allows access to the flashlight )35. android.permission.FORCE_BACK允许程序强行一个后退操作是否在顶层activities(Allows an application to force a BACK operation on whatever is the top activity. )36. android.permission.FOTA_UPDATE暂时不了解这是做什么使用的,android开发网分析可能是一个预留权限.37. android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS访问一个帐户列表在Accounts Service中(Allows access to the list of accounts in the Accounts Service)38. android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE允许一个程序获取任何package占用空间容量(Allows an application to find out the space used by any package. )39. android.permission.GET_TASKS允许一个程序获取信息有关当前或最近运行的任务,一个缩略的任务状态,是否活动等等(Allows an application to get information about the currently or recently running tasks: a thumbnail representation of the tasks, what activities are running in it, etc.)40. android.permission.HARDWARE_TEST允许访问硬件(Allows access to hardware peripherals. )41. android.permission.INJECT_EVENTS允许一个程序截获用户事件如按键、触摸、轨迹球等等到一个时间流,android 开发网提醒算是hook 技术吧(Allows an application to inject user events (keys, touch, trackball) into the event stream and deliver them to ANY window.)42. android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES允许一个程序安装packages(Allows an application to install packages. )43. android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW允许打开窗口使用系统用户界面(Allows an application to open windows that are for use by parts of the system user interface. )44. android.permission.INTERNET允许程序打开网络套接字(Allows applications to open network sockets)45. android.permission.MANAGE_APP_TOKENS允许程序管理(创建、催后、z- order默认向z轴推移)程序引用在窗口管理器中(Allows an application to manage (create, destroy, Z-order) application tokens in the window manager. )46. android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR目前还没有明确的解释,android开发网分析可能是清除一切数据,类似硬格机47. android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS允许程序修改全局音频设置(Allows an application to modify global audio settings)48. android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE允许修改话机状态,如电源,人机接口等(Allows modification of the telephony state ? power on, mmi, etc. )49. android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS允许挂载和反挂载文件系统可移动存储(Allows mounting and unmounting file systems for removable storage. )50. android.permission.PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY允许一个程序设置他的activities显示(Allow an application to make its activities persistent. ) 51. android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS允许程序监视、修改有关播出电话(Allows an application to monitor, modify, or abort outgoing calls)52. android.permission.READ_CALENDAR允许程序读取用户日历数据(Allows an application to read the user’s calendar data.)53. android.permission.READ_CONTACTS允许程序读取用户联系人数据(Allows an application to read the use r’s contacts data.)54. android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER允许程序屏幕波或和更多常规的访问帧缓冲数据(Allows an application to take screen shots and more generally get access to the frame buffer data)55. android.permission.READ_INPUT_STATE允许程序返回当前按键状态(Allows an application to retrieve the current state of keys and switches. )56. android.permission.READ_LOGS允许程序读取底层系统日志文件(Allows an application to read the low-level system log files. ) 57. android.permission.READ_OWNER_DATA允许程序读取所有者数据(Allows an appl ication to read the owner’s data)58. android.permission.READ_SMS允许程序读取短信息(Allows an application to read SMS messages.)59. android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS允许程序读取同步设置(Allows applications to read the sync settings)60. android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS允许程序读取同步状态(Allows applications to read the sync stats)61. android.permission.REBOOT请求能够重新启动设备(Required to be able to reboot the device. )62. android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED允许一个程序接收到ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED广播在系统完成启动(Allows an application to receive the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after the system finishes booting. ) 63. android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS允许一个程序监控将收到MMS彩信,记录或处理(Allows an application to monitor incoming MMS messages, to record or perform processing on them. )64. android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS允许程序监控一个将收到短信息,记录或处理(Allows an application to monitor incoming SMS messages, to record or perform processing on them.)65. android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH允许程序监控将收到WAP PUSH信息(Allows an application to monitor incoming WAP push messages. )66. android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO允许程序录制音频(Allows an application to record audio)67. android.permission.REORDER_TASKS允许程序改变Z轴排列任务(Allows an application to change the Z-order of tasks)68. android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES允许程序重新启动其他程序(Allows an application to restart other applications)69. android.permission.SEND_SMS允许程序发送SMS短信(Allows an application to send SMS messages)70. android.permission.SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER允许程序监控或控制activities已经启动全局系统中Allows an application to watch and control how activities are started globally in the system.71. android.permission.SET_ALWAYS_FINISH允许程序控制是否活动间接完成在处于后台时Allows an application to control whether activities are immediately finished when put in the background.72. android.permission.SET_ANIMATION_SCALE修改全局信息比例(Modify the global animation scaling factor.)73. android.permission.SET_DEBUG_APP配置一个程序用于调试(Configure an application for debugging.)74. android.permission.SET_ORIENTATION允许底层访问设置屏幕方向和实际旋转(Allows low-level access to setting the orientation(actually rotation) of the screen.)75. android.permission.SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS允许一个程序修改列表参数PackageManager.addPackageToPreferred() 和PackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred()方法(Allows an application to modify the list of preferred applications with the PackageManager.addPackageToPreferred() and PackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred() methods.)76. android.permission.SET_PROCESS_FOREGROUND允许程序当前运行程序强行到前台(Allows an application to force any currently running process to be in the foreground.)77. android.permission.SET_PROCESS_LIMIT允许设置最大的运行进程数量(Allows an application to set the maximum number of (not needed) application processes that can be running. )78. android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE允许程序设置时间区域(Allows applications to set the system time zone)79. android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER允许程序设置壁纸(Allows applications to set the wallpaper )80. android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS允许程序设置壁纸hits(Allows applications to set the wallpaper hints)81. android.permission.SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES允许程序请求发送信号到所有显示的进程中(Allow an application to request that a signal be sent to all persistent processes)82. android.permission.STATUS_BAR允许程序打开、关闭或禁用状态栏及图标Allows an application to open, close, or disable the status bar and its icons.83. android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ允许一个程序访问订阅RSS Feed内容提供(Allows an application to allow access the subscribed feeds ContentProvider. )84. android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_WRITE系统暂时保留改设置,android开发网认为未来版本会加入该功能。
权限处理常用表:
1.查看系统有哪些权限字段:SU20以下标记的部分是记录给字段可取的值,Table:AUTHX
2.查看系统有哪些默认的权限对象:SU21,Tabel:TOBJT and TOBJ 可以查看权限类---
权限对象---权限字段
3.基于事务的权限对象检查:SU24,Tabel:USOBX 查看事务码有哪些授权对象USOBT
查事务代码授权对象的默认值
4.用户Role 权限对象事务代码关系:SUIM
5.Table:AGR_TCODES 将角色分配到事务代码:看角色有哪些事务码
AGR_USERS 查询用户拥有的角色
AGR_DEFINE 角色清单
AGR_TEXTS 角色对应的文本
AGR_1016 通过角色找到参数名称
UST10S 中通过参数名称& 对象找到权限
UST12中通过对象& 权限找到具体的授权值
USR02 用户清单
USER_ADDR:用户清单看用户描述可替代USR02
TACT:查看作业的描述如ACTVT字段的作业类型的文本
6.TSTC(用se11查看):存放所有的TCODE
7.查看BOM:MAST,ZBPMPO,ZBPM_LOG,ZBPM_PO_TEMP
9.查询SAP表:USR05:ID参数值。
系统权限列表
在这里我们列出所有的权限,并将它们分类。
这里只列出权限名,有关权限的详细说明请参考oracle官方参考手册。
1.数据库管理员系统权限(数据库实体管理部分)
ADUIT ANY
CREATE ANY CLUSTER
ALTER ANY CLUSTER
DROP ANY CLUSTER
CREATE ANY INDEX
ALTER ANY INDEX
DROP ANY INDEX
GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE
CREATE ANY PROCEDURE
ALTER ANY PROCEDURE
DROP ANY PROCEDURE
EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE
ALTER ANY ROLE
DROP ANY ROLE
GRANT ANY ROLE
CREATE ANY SEQUENCE
ALTER ANY SEQUENCE
DROP ANY SEQUENCE
SELECT ANY SEQUENCE
CREATE ANY SNAPSHOT
ALTER ANY SNAPSHOT
DROP ANY SNAPSHOT
CREATE ANY SYSNONYM
DROP ANY SYSNONYM
CREATE ANY TABLE
ALTER ANY TABLE
DROP ANY TABLE
LOCK ANY TABLE
COMMENT ANY TABLE
SELECT ANY TABLE
INSERT ANY TABLE
UPDATE ANY TABLE
DELETE ANY TABLE
CREATE ANY TRIGGER
ALTER ANY TRIGGER
DROP ANY TRIGGER
CREATE ANY VIEW
DROP ANY VIEW
CREATE ANY TYPE
DROP ANY TYPE
CREATE ANY LIBRARY
DROP ANY LIBRARY
2.数据库管理系统权限(数据库维护部分) ALTER DATABASE
CREATE PROFILE
ALTER PROFILE
DROP PROFILE
ALTER RESOURCE COST
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK DROP PUBLIC DA TABASE LINK CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT
ALTER SYSTEM
CREATE TABLESPACE
ALTER TABLESPACE
MANAGE TABLESPACE
ALTER USER
DROP USER
CREATE SESSION
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM UNLIMITED TABLESPACE
CREATE ROLE
DROP ROLE
3.数据库开发用户系统权限表CREATE CLUSTER
DROP CLUSTER
CREATE PROCEDURE
DROP PROCEDURE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE SYSNONYM
DROP SYNONYM
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE SNAPSHOTP
CREATE TABLE
CREATE VIEW
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE
CREATE TYPE
CREATE LIBRARY
GRANT 实体权限名|ALL TO 用户|角色|PUBLIC 其中,ALL表示实体的所有实体权限。