北京人大附中2018届高三上学期期末考试仿真卷 英语(A)

海淀区高三年级第一学期期末练习英语参考答案及评分标准2018.01第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1. A2. B3. A4. C5. C第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）6. C7. B8. B9. C 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）16. Dress 17. research 18. skills 19. why 20. direct每小题1.5分。

如出现拼写错误不计分；出现大小写、单复数错误扣0.5分；如每小题超过一个词不计分。

第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. A 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. C第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）56. C 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. C 61.B 62. A 63. A 64. B 65. D 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）71. A 72. C 73. B 74. F 75. D第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）一、评分原则：1．本题总分15分，按4个档次给分。

2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以档次的要求来衡量，确定或降低档次，最后给分。

2018年北京市人大附中高考英语模拟试卷（6月份）副标题一、单选题（本大题共8小题，共8.0分）1.8students and 2teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17-year-student armed with a shotgun and a p istol． This is one of the many gun-related tragedies that have happened in the last 2years．（）A. killedB. were killedC. have killedD. have been killed【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态．8 students and 2 teachers与kill之间是被动语态，排除A、C项，且事情已发生，要用一般过去时的被动语态，排除D项，只有B项正确．故选：B．在圣塔菲高中，八名学生和两名老师被一名手持猎枪和一把手枪十七岁的学生杀害了．这是最近两年来发生的与枪有关的许多惨事之一．解答此类问题要了解各种时态的基本含义，并区别各种时态之间的差异，了解某些时态的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案．2.The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for China's development in the next three decades and more． this blueprint into reality， we must be down-to-earth in our ap proach， take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes．（）A. TurningB. TurnedC. TurnD. To turn【答案】D【解析】考查动词不定式．此处动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．故选D项．其它三项不符合语境．故选：D．第十九届党代会为中国未来三十年的发展制定了蓝图．要把这一蓝图变为现实，我们必须脚踏实地，在前进的道路上迈出一步，取得坚实的成果．不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征．动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式．弄清楚不定式的各种表达形式的含义和在句中所作的成分，然后选择最符合题意的选项．3.Rent usually up in the summer， when college graduates are moving out of their dormitories and seeking for new places to move in．（）A. will goB. goesC. has goneD. went【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时．根据句中的状语 usually，要用一般现在时的单数形式．故B 项正确．其它三项不符合语境．故选：B．在夏季，当大学生搬离他们的宿舍，寻找新地方搬进时，租金通常会上涨．解答此类问题要了解各种时态的基本含义，并区别各种时态之间的差异，了解某些时态的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案．4.The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without． It needs to be fixed．（）A. being punishedB. punishedC. to punishD. punishing【答案】A【解析】分析句子的结构可知，介词"without"之后应接动名词或名词，根据语境"被惩罚"可知，此处应用动名词的被动语态，即为"without being punished/punishment"．故选：A．目前体制的问题会让人犯错而不用被惩罚，它需要修订．本题考查动名词用法．解答这类题目首先要读懂句意，其次要分析出动名词在句中所作的成分，若动名词在句中作宾语时，要分析主被动关系，主动用doing，被动用being done，还要判断动作有无先后关系，考虑用完成式having done或having been done．5. on one foot with your eyes closed． and you will soon lose your balance．（）A. StandingB. StoodC. To standD. Stand【答案】D【解析】分析句子结构可知，连词"and"连接两个并列关系的句子，因此连词"and"之前为句子，从而排除非谓语动词形式的A，B和C选项；句中的句式为"祈使句，and +一般将来时的句子"．故选：D．单脚站立，双眼紧闭，你身体马上很快就会失去平衡．祈使句，+ and/or + 陈述句祈使句，+ and + 陈述句：在这里祈使句相当于if 引导的条件状语从句（但此时去掉and）．Give blood （if you can ）and many lives will be saved．还可以用简短的形式表示，即省略动词．1．Give me one more hour，and I'll get the work finished．（祈使句）═One more hour，and I'll get the work finished．（名词短语）═ If you give me one more hour，I'll get the work finished．（if条件句）═If I am given one more hour，I'll get the work finished．═ Given one more hour，I'll get the work finished．2．More effort，and you will succeed．Another attempt，and you will get it．One more minute，and the patient would have bled to death．祈使句，+ or + 陈述句Listen to the teacher carefully in class，or you can't catch what he is saying．（A）Let's keep to the point，or we ______ any decisions．A will never reachB have never reachedC never reachD never reached6.Tourists love Beijing， offers an infinite collection of delights ranging from 6UNESCO World Heritage Sites to food from every corner of China and beyond．（）A. thatB. whereC. whichD. who【答案】C【解析】答案：C．考查定语从句．句意：游客喜欢北京，它提供了无限的收藏，从6个联合国教科文组织世界遗产地到中国和其他角落的食物．这是一个非限制性定语从句，本句中的先行词是Beijing，在定语从句中做主语，所以用which来引导．that不能引导非限制性定语从句，where只能在从句中做状语．who指代人．故选：C．游客喜欢北京，它提供了无限的收藏，从6个联合国教科文组织世界遗产地到中国和其他角落的食物．定语从句又称为形容词性从句，综观历年高考试题，我们可以发现该语法项目是测试中的热点与难点，解定语从句的题目首先要知道哪一句是主句，哪一句是从句，被修饰的词是谁，从句中的句子成分缺失什么，根据缺失成分的不同从而选出相对应的关系代词或者关系副词，从而选出正确的答案，解题的关键是从句句子的成分分析．7.--- I have been working for more than 30 years! I'm going to retire next month．--- Really？ You don't look a day 40!（）A. overB. byC. withD. for【答案】A【解析】考查介词．over（表示等级或数目）高于；在…之上，超过；by截止；with 有，带有；for为了，因为．根据题意，A项正确．故选：A．--我已经工作30多年了．很快就要退休了．--真的吗？你看起来一点都不像40多岁的样子．考查介词，弄清楚各个介词的含义并区别各个介词之间的差异，了解某些介词的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案．8.It shocked the world the United States withdrew from some major agreements it hadbeen committed to， including the 2015Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal．（）A. whichB. whatC. whetherD. that【答案】D【解析】答案：D．考查主语从句．分析句子可知本句是主语从句，it是形式主语，从句是真正的主语，从句中不缺少主语或者宾语，所以用that来引导．which，what在主语从句中要做成分，whether是"是否"的意思．故选：D．这件事震惊了世界，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括2015项减缓气候变化的巴黎协议和2015次伊朗核协议．名词性从句一直是高考考查的热点，近几年的高考题主要考察在具体语境中对what和that的辨析，此外，也要求学生对定语从句和名词性从句有清晰的辨认．首先我们要判断它是哪个名词性从句．名词性从句是主句的一部分，可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语．就是说，如果我们能判断出某个从句是某个主句的主语、宾语、表语或同位语，二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AWhat Cocktail Parties Teach Us You're at a party．Music is playing．Glasses are clinking．Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel （分贝）level．Yet among all those distractions，you can tune your attention to just one voice from many．This ability is what researchers call the "cocktail-party effect．"Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain-in the auditory cortex （听觉皮层）just behind the ear，not in areas of higher thought．The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain，"it's as if only one person was speaking alone，" saysinvestigator Edward Chang．These findings，published in the journal Nature last week，explain why people aren't very good at multitasking-our brains are wired for "selective attention" and can focus on only one thing at a time．That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation （刺激）．But we keep trying to push the limit with multitasking，sometimes with tragic consequences．Drivers talking on cellphones，for example，are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren't．Many of those accidents are due to "inattentional blindness"，in which people can，in effect，turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on．The more attention a task demands，the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision．Images land on our retinas （视网膜）and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain，just as the auditory cortex filters sounds，as shown in the Nature study last week．"It's a push-pull relationship-the more we focus on one thing，the less we can focus on others，" says Diane M．Beck，an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois．Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show' that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation，not the device that is distracting their attention．Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists．Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important - like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole．Many more think they can effectively multitask，but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either，experts say．9.What have scientists in University of California found about "the cocktail-party effect"？______A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone．B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level．C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively．D. Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain，10.What do we learn from the passage？______A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking．B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking，C. We cannot multitask without extra attention．D. We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking．11.Which of the following is an example of "inattentional blindness"？______A. A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident．B. Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal．C. A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client，D. A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing．12.The main purpose of the passage is to ______ ．A. compare and contrastB. inform and explainC. argue and discussD. examine and evaluate【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】D 【小题4】D【解析】1-4 DADD1．D．细节理解题．根据"Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel （分贝）level．Yet among all those distractions，you can tune your attention to just one voice frommany．This ability is what researchers call the "cocktail-party effect．""可知"鸡尾酒会效应"就是声音在到达更高的大脑之前被分类．故选D．2．A．推理判断题．根据"But we keep trying to push the limit with multitasking，sometimes with tragic consequences．Drivers talking on cellphones，for example，are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren't．"可知我们在生理上不能同时处理多项任务．故选A．3．D．细节理解题．根据"Many of those accidents are due to "inattentional blindness"，in which people can，in effect，turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on．The more attention a task demands，the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision"可知一个行人因低头而发生车祸是"inattentional blindness"的例子．故选D．4．D推理判断题．根据"Many more think they can effectively multitask，but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either，experts say．"可知这篇文章的主要目的是检查和评价．故选D．本文是一篇文学艺术类阅读，文章主要介绍了你在一个聚会上．数十次的对话正在提高分贝．然而，在所有这些让你分心的事物中，你可以把注意力集中在一个声音上．这种能力被研究人员称为"鸡尾酒会效应"．此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．BNothing is more refreshing on a warm summer day than watching someone else work．Right now，I'm sitting on my porch and watching young Beth baling （打捆）the big field on top of the hill．She's been haying that field for over ten years．I know：I put her on the tractor when she was just twelve years old．She picked a great day for baling．It's not too hot，and there's a nice breeze．On Monday，when she cut the field，it was so hot I thought the com would start popping in the field．Didn't stop her，though．She just stuck that big hat on her head，wrapped a wet handkerchief around her neck，and set to work，I remember when I would have done the same thing．While Pm here sucking a lemonade，Beth is driving the "hay （干草）train，" a tractor pulling a baler and an old wagon．You'd think someone her size would never be able to see over the tractor．But somehow she manages．When she's finished，her tracks are very straight．The whole time she's haying，that dog of hers is working just as hard，running along beside her like he's afraid she'll drive away without him．Beth sure knew what she was doing when she trained him．The way the machine works is pure poetry．Each row is pushed into shape．When just enough hay is in a bale，it is wrapped up and fastened together．A second or so later，the bale comes flying out and into the old wagon．The person who invented that machine sure was some kind of genius．That's not to say it works perfectly．Every once in a while a bale misses the mark，especially when you are turning the machine at the end of a row．That means，of course，that you have to go back and pick up those bales and throw them into the wagon．I can remember when Beth's mother was her age．She looked an awful lot like Beth does now．Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves．Well，I suppose I should get up and fill this glass again．Not much fun sitting here with an empty glass．13.We can learn from the passage that at some time in the past the author ______ ．A. bought the tractor for BethB. forced Beth to work at an early ageC. worked in the field like BethD. trained the dog to help Beth work14.In the eyes of the author，the sight of Beth baling hay is ______ ．A. uncommonB. beautifulC. unforgettableD. changeable15.Before thrown into the wagon，the hay must be ______ ．A. tied upB. dried upC. cut upD. lined up16.Who do you think is telling this story？______A. Beth's mother．B. Beth's father．C. Beth's grandmother．D. Beth's grandfather．【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】B 【小题3】A 【小题4】D【解析】1．C．细节理解题．根据文章第三段"I remember when I would have done the same thing"我记得我也会做同样的事，可知作者也曾像Beth一样在田里工作，故选C．2．B．推理判断题．根据文章第八段"Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves"让一个男人感到自豪地看到他的女儿和孙女照顾好自己，可知作者对于Beth工作的场景是非常满意的，可推测Beth在作者的眼里十分美丽，故选B．3．A．细节理解题．根据文章第七段"that you have to go back and pick up those bales and throw them into the wagon"你必须回去把那些打包扔进车里，可知应先将它们打包，故选A．4．D．细节理解题．根据文章第八段"Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves"让一个男人感到自豪地看到他的女儿和孙女照顾好自己，可知作者是Beth的外公，故选D．本文属于记叙文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们叙述了他坐在一边看孙女Beth在地里工作的样子，想起了自己与Beth的母亲也曾经在这地里做着同样的工作，并且深深地为看到他的女儿和孙女能够照顾好自己而感到自豪．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．CRobert F．Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile"．With Britain voting to leave the European Union，and GDP already predicted to slow as a result，it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to．The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half acentury．Many argue that it is a flawed concept It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do．By most recent measures，the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world，with record low unemployment and high growth figures．If everything，was going so well，then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit，despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects？A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question．Across the 163 countries measured，the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens．Rather than just focusing on GDP，over 40 different sets of criteria from health，education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing．While all of these countries face their own challenges，there are a number of consistent themes．Yes，there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash，but in key indicators in areas such as health and education，major economies have continued to decline．Yet this isn't the case with all countries．Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society，income equality and the environment．This is a lesson that rich countries can learn；When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success，the world looks very different．So，what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations，as a measure，it is no longer enough，It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being．The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth．But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress．17.Robert F，Kennedy is cited because he ______ ．A. praised the UK for its GDPB. identified GDP with happinessC. saw the problem with GDPD. misinterpreted the role of GDP18.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study？______A. It is sponsored by 163 countries．B. It excludes GDP as an indicator．C. Its criteria are questionable．D. Its results are inspiring．19.In the last two paragraphs，the author suggests that ______ ．A. the UK is preparing for an economic boomB. high GDP predicts an economic declineC. it is essential to consider factors beyond GDPD. it requires caution to handle economic issues20.Which of the following is the best title for the text？______A. High GDP But Inadequate Well-being，a UK LessonB. GDP Figures，a Window on Global Economic HealthC. Robert F．Kennedy，a Terminator of GDPD. Brexit，the UK's Gateway to Well-being【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】C 【小题4】A【解析】1．A．细节理解题．根据文章With Britain voting to leave the European Union， and GDP already predicted to slow as a re sult， it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to可知肯尼迪被引用，因为他赞扬英国国内生产总值；故选A．2．D．细节理解题．根据文章 A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being she ds some light on that question可知最近的年度研究其结果令人鼓舞；故选D．3．C．细节理解题．根据文章The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in th e everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth可知在最后两段中，作者必须考虑国内生产总值以外的因素建议；故选C．4．A．细节理解题．根据文章But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying a bout GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress可知最佳标题是国内生产总值较高，但福利不足，是一个英国的教训；故选A本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了国内生产总值较高，但福利不足，是一个英国的教训考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．DWinners Club You choose to be a winner!The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers．It has been made to help you better manage your money．The Winners Club is a transaction account （交易账户）where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7-that's 24 hours a day，7 days a week!It's a club with impressive features for teenagers：No account keeping fees!You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees．In fact，there are no account keeping or transaction fees!Excellent interest rates!You want your money to grow．The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits （储蓄）without taking them out in a month．Convenient!Teenagers are busy-we get that，You may never need to come to a bank at all．With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet…You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account．This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job!Mega magazine included!Along with your regular report，you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money．There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members．The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers．And it is so easy to join．Simply fill in an application form．You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian （so we canorganize that cool key-card）but it is easy．We canst wait to hear from you．If s the best way to choose to be a winner!21.Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club？______A. Special gifts are ready for parents，B. The bank opens only on work days，C. Services are convenient for its members．D. Fees are necessary for the account keeping．22.If you want to be a member of the Clubs you must ______ ．A. be an Internet userB. be permitted by your parentC. make 2 deposits per monthD. participate in the club competitions23.What is the purpose of this text？______A. To set up a club．B. To provide part-time jobs．C. To organize key-cards．D. To introduce a new banking service．【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】B 【小题3】D【解析】1．C．推理判断题．根据第一段It has been made to help you better manage your money可知这个服务对会员来说是很方便的，故选C．2．B．细节理解题．根据最后一段的句子You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian可知要先征得父母的允许．故选B．3．D．写作意图题．纵观全文可知文章的目的是介绍一种新型的银行业务服务．故选D．文章主要是介绍了一种银行卡服务Winners Club．说明了这种账户适宜人群，和它的好处．以及办理的一些注意事项．考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．三、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）24.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍近期你班足球队的经历，给校刊 "英语角"写一篇英文稿件．注意：词数不少于60．______【答案】Last week，our football team had a game against Hai Nan Middle school．In the first half of the game，the score was one to one，but in the second half of the game，the score was five to three，with the Hai Nan middle school winning the game．All of the players were sad．Our capitan told us that we should not give up and only by playing hard could we win the game again．After this game，we played even harder and the capitan was confident that we would win the game soon．【解析】Last week，our football team had a game against Hai Nan Middle school．（图一）In the first half of the game，the score was one to one，but in the second half of the game，the score was five to three，with the Hai Nan middle school winning the game．【高分句型一】All of the players were sad．（图二）Our capitan told us that we should not give up and only by playing hard could we win the game again．（图三）After this game，we played even harder and the capitan was confident that we would win the game soon．（图四）高分句型一：In the first half of the game，the score was one to one，but in the second half of the game，the score was five to three，with the Hai Nan middle school winning the game．译文：上半场比分是一比一，下半场比分是五比三，海南中学赢了这场比赛．分析：使用with复合结构．高分句型二：Our capitan told us that we should not give up and only by playing hard could we win the game again．译文：我们的资本告诉我们，我们不应该放弃，只有通过努力，我们才能赢得比赛．分析：told后面是两个that引导的宾语从句，第二个that引导的宾语从句中用only+介词短语，后面接倒装句．我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．25.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．你的学弟Tom将在今年9月升入高三．他来信希望你能给些关于高三的建议．请用英语给他回信，内容包括：1．你在髙三的收获；2．你给Tom的建议；3．你对Tom的祝愿．注意：1．字数不少于60；2．开头结尾已给出．Dear Tom，______Best wishes，Li Hua【答案】How are you doing？I'm glad to have received your letter．Here I'd like to give you some advice on how to prepare for the College Entrance Examination effectively．（写信意图）First，it's very important to have a definite goal and a correct estimation of yourself，from whichI benefit a lot during my Grade Three．（自己在髙三的收获）Only in this way will you not be easily pleased or disappointed with what you have known and done（高分句型一）．Besides，during the earlier revision，pay more attention to the basic knowledge，which will help to develop your ability to solve problems later（高分句型二）．What's more，you'd better sometimes communicate with your parents，teachers or classmates，who may help you out when you are in trouble．Finally，striking a proper balance between study and rest keeps you energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well．（给Tom的建议）I hope my advice will be of great help to you and you will have more confidence in your Grade Three．（对Tom的祝愿）Best wishes．【解析】Dear Tom，How are you doing？I'm glad to have received your letter．Here I'd like to give you some advice on how to prepare for the College Entrance Examination effectively．（写信意图）First，it's very important to have a definite goal and a correct estimation of yourself，from which I benefit a lot during my Grade Three．（自己在髙三的收获）Only in this way will you not be easily pleased or disappointed with what you have known and done（高分句型一）．Besides，during the earlier revision，pay more attention to the basic knowledge，which will help to develop your ability to solve problems later（高分句型二）．What's more，you'd better sometimes communicate with your parents，teachers or classmates，who may help you out when you are in trouble．Finally，striking a proper balance between study and rest keeps you energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well．（给Tom的建议）I hope my advice will be of great help to you and you will have more confidence in your Grade Three．（对Tom的祝愿）Best wishes．Yours，LiHua．这是李华给学弟Tom的一封信．根据题目要求可知用第一人称，时态以一般现在时态和一般将来时态为主．高分句型1．Only in this way will you not be easily pleased or disappointed with what you have known and done．句子里Only 引导状语in this way位于句首，句子will you not be easily pleased or disappointed with what you have known and done用部分倒装．只有这样，你才会对自己所知和所做的事感到欣慰或失望．2．Besides，during the earlier revision，pay more attention to the basic knowledge，which will help to develop your ability to solve problems later．句子里代指主句during the earlier revision，pay more attention to the basic knowledge，which 引导非限制性定语从句will help to develop your ability to solve problems later此外，在早期复习时，要注意基础知识，这将有助于培养你以后解决问题的能力．这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．第11页，共11页。

2018年北京市海淀区人大附中高考英语模拟试卷（6月份）副标题一、阅读理解（本大题共8小题，共16.0分）AWhat Cocktail Parties Teach Us You're at a party．Music is playing．Glasses are clinking．Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel （分贝）level．Yet among all those distractions，you can tune your attention to just one voice from many．This ability is what researchers call the "cocktail-party effect．"Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain-in the auditory cortex （听觉皮层）just behind the ear，not in areasof higher thought．The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain，"it's as if only one person was speaking alone，" says investigator Edward Chang．These findings，published in the journal Nature last week，explain why people aren't very good at multitasking-our brains are wired for "selective attention" and can focus on only one thing at a time．That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation （刺激）．But we keep trying to push the limit with multitasking，sometimes with tragic consequences．Drivers talking on cellphones，for example，are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren't．Many of those accidents are due to "inattentional blindness"，in which people can，in effect，turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on．The more attention a task demands，the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision．Images land on our retinas （视网膜）and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain，just as the auditory cortex filters sounds，as shown in the Nature study last week．"It's a push-pull relationship-the more we focus on one thing，the less we can focus on others，" says Diane M．Beck，an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois．Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show' that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation，not the device that is distracting their attention．Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists．Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important - like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole．Many more think they can effectively multitask，but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either，experts say．1.What have scientists in University of California found about "the cocktail-party effect"？______A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone．B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level．C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively．D. Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain，2.What do we learn from the passage？______A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking．B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking，C. We cannot multitask without extra attention．D. We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking．3.Which of the following is an example of "inattentional blindness"？______A. A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident．B. Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal．C. A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client，D. A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing．4.The main purpose of the passage is to ______ ．A. compare and contrastB. inform and explainC. argue and discussD. examine and evaluate【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】D 【小题4】D【解析】1-4 DADD1．D．细节理解题．根据"Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel （分贝）level．Yet among all those distractions，you can tune your attention to just one voice from many．This ability is what researchers call the "cocktail-party effect．""可知"鸡尾酒会效应"就是声音在到达更高的大脑之前被分类．故选D．2．A．推理判断题．根据"But we keep trying to push the limit with multitasking，sometimes with tragic consequences．Drivers talking on cellphones，for example，are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren't．"可知我们在生理上不能同时处理多项任务．故选A．3．D．细节理解题．根据"Many of those accidents are due to "inattentional blindness"，in which people can，in effect，turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on．The more attention a task demands，the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision"可知一个行人因低头而发生车祸是"inattentional blindness"的例子．故选D．4．D推理判断题．根据"Many more think they can effectively multitask，but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either，experts say．"可知这篇文章的主要目的是检查和评价．故选D．本文是一篇科教类阅读，文章主要介绍了你在一个聚会上．几十个对话正在推高分贝（分贝）水平．然而，在所有这些让你分心的事物中，你可以把注意力集中在一个声音上．这种能力被研究人员称为"鸡尾酒会效应"．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．BRobert F．Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile"．With Britain voting to leave the European Union，and GDP already predicted to slow as a result，it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to．The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century．Many argue that it is a flawed concept It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do．By most recent measures，the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world，with record low unemployment and high growth figures．If everything，wasgoing so well，then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit，despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects？A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question．Across the 163 countries measured，the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens．Rather than just focusing on GDP，over 40 different sets of criteria from health，education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing．While all of these countries face their own challenges，there are a number of consistent themes．Yes，there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash，but in key indicators in areas such as health and education，major economies have continued to decline．Yet this isn't the case with all countries．Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society，income equality and the environment．This is a lesson that rich countries can learn；When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success，the world looks very different．So，what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations，as a measure，it is no longer enough，It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being．The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth．But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress．5.Robert F，Kennedy is cited because he ______ ．A. praised the UK for its GDPB. identified GDP with happinessC. saw the problem with GDPD. misinterpreted the role of GDP6.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study？______A. It is sponsored by 163 countries．B. It excludes GDP as an indicator．C. Its criteria are questionable．D. Its results are inspiring．7.In the last two paragraphs，the author suggests that ______ ．A. the UK is preparing for an economic boomB. high GDP predicts an economic declineC. it is essential to consider factors beyond GDPD. it requires caution to handle economic issues8.Which of the following is the best title for the text？______A. High GDP But Inadequate Well-being，a UK LessonB. GDP Figures，a Window on Global Economic HealthC. Robert F．Kennedy，a Terminator of GDPD. Brexit，the UK's Gateway to Well-being【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】C 【小题4】A【解析】1．A．推理判断题．根据第一段第一句"Robert F．Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile．"中可以看出Kennedy 认为一个国家的GDP衡量的是"除了使生命有价值之外的一切"．从下文也可以看出作者也认为GDP有许多缺点，所以作者引用Kennedy 来赞扬英国的GDP．故选A．2．D．细节推理题．根据第三段第一句"A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question．"，可知关于最近的年度研究，它的结果令人鼓舞，故选D．3．C．推理判断题．根据最后一段"So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations，as a measure，it is no longer enough．It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being．" 可知在最后两段中，作者建议考虑GDP以外的因素是必要的．故选C．4．A．主旨大意题．文章在开头引用了Kennedy对于GDP的负面评价，并通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出需要考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏，中间各段在分析英国GDP表现好，但实际英国社会现状却不好，最后在倒数第二自然段指出This is a lesson that rich countries can learn．A项概括全文，适合作为标题．故选A．文章通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出需要考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏，GDP 不再够用了，它没有包含重要的因素．推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目．此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点．。

海淀区高三年级第一学期期末练习英语2019.01本试卷共12页，共150分。

考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将答题纸交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面五段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1. What does the woman want?A.The salt.B. The pepper.C. The spoon.2. What will the weather be like according to the radio?A. Rainy.B. Sunny.C. Windy.3. Who are the paparazzi following?A. Michael.B. Kathy.C. Janice.4. What is the man’s favorite sport?A. Football.B. Baseball.C. Basketball.5. Where will the woman go this weekend?A. To the National Library.B. To the amusement park.C. To the shopping mall.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，15分）听下面四段对话。

每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话你将听两遍。

6. What is the woman’s research about?A. The movies students like best.B. The things students do after school.C. The sports students are interested in.7. What is the most unexpected finding of the research?A. Students rarely do housework.B. Few students go to the movies.C. Most students play computer games.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

东城区2017—2018学年度第一学期高三期末统测高三英语2018.1 本试卷共10页，共120分。

考试时长100分钟。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.A．What’s more B．That’s to sayC．In other words D．Believe it or not答案是D。

1. —You’re late again.—Sorry. I _________ to set my alarm clock.A. forgetB. will forgetC. forgotD. would forget2. Lily’s drawing may not be excellent, _________ I know she has done her best.A. soB. orC. forD. but3. Some pressure is good for you _____ ____ it can help you to try harder.A. unlessB. althoughC. beforeD. as4. Could you tell Jill _________ she should bring to the meeting tomorrow?A. whatB. whenC. whetherD. why5. I _________ Mr. Bert of the change of the meeting. You don’t have to phone him again.A. have informedB. will have informedC. would informD. had informed6. Workers have been working through the night _________the bridge safe.A. madeB. to makeC. being madeD. having made7. Chinese kites in ancient times _________ in the shape of birds.A. designB. had designedC. were designedD. have been designed8. — Remind me to buy a bottle of wine for the party this weekend.— I _________.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. will9. The train is _________ schedule. You’ll have to wait another fifteen minutes.A. inB. behindC. acrossD. off10. The rainforest is an amazing place, _________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world.A. fillingB. filledC. being filledD. to fill11. _________ we want to get to Chicago by sunset, it means having to leave at dawn tomorrow.A. IfB. AfterC. WhileD. Where12. History enables pupils to learn about their culture, _________ helps them to understand the society they live in.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that13 _________ 840 square miles, the national park has beautiful lakes, mountains, and forests.A. CoverB. CoveringC. CoveredD. To cover14. _________ he works is considered the financial center of the city.A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. How15. —How was the party last Saturday?—It was fun; you _________ .A. cameB. had comeC. would comeD. should have come第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2017-2018学年上学期高三期末考试仿真测试卷英语（B）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A（安徽省皖西南名校2018年高三阶段性检测联考）The Cheap Tickets Offseason Mountain Getaway GuideStowe, Vermont offers periods to those looking to escape the heat during the clog days of summer. From zip lining and rock climbing to golf and horseback riding, Stowe makes a great getaway for the active traveler. Also, you can take in excellent views of the area from the newly refreshed Stowe Gondola Sky Ride.3 nights at the 3-star Butler House from $452.Park City, Utah is part of a new summer experience. Travelers can bring a little winter fun to thewarmer months and tube down the landing hill of a Nordic Ski Jump that is coated to make the experience as smooth as sliding down snow. Looking for something a little slower paced? Take a trip on a hot air balloon and take in the magnificent Wasatch Mountains.3 nights at the 4-star Silverado Lodge, Canyons Village from $480.Mammoth Lakes, California check out Minaret Vista for one of the best views of California1’s Sierra Nevada range or bounce in a boat to explore Mono Lake, which happens to sit on one of the biggest bird migratory (迁徙) paths in North America. There is no shortage of summer activities for every type of traveler.3 nights at the 4-star Mammoth Estates Rentals from $468.Winter Park, Colorado is what summers are for: Racing down all 3,000 feet and 26 turns of Colorado’s longest alpine (高山的) slide. If t hat’s not your taste, Winter Park has at least one warm-weather activity for all. The mountains are blanketed in the Arapaho National Forest, where you can hike mountain bike all day. And for a quiet morning in the sun, enjoy fly-fishing trip or round at Pole Creek Golf Club.3 nights at the 3.5-star Frasier Crossing Founders Point from $467.Special Attention: 20% off hotels booking before June 30.21. Where can you get the best views of the scenery from the air?A. Stowe & Mammoth Lakes.B. Winter Park & Park City.C. Stowe & Park City.D. Winter Park & Mammoth Lakes.22. What activity does Park City offer you?A. You can ski on the artificial slide way.B. You can slide down the white snow.C. You can take a hot air balloon to Wasatch Mountains.D. You can spend your warmer days in cold mountains.23. The passage is best suitable for those who ________.A. want to escape the busy city lifeB. want to do hiking or bike ridingC. only like the scenery of mountainsD. want to spend their summer vacation24. How much should you pay for the cheapest but best hotel if your parents want to travel there?A. $723.2.B. $748.8.C. $768.D. $747.2.B(广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考)Teaching can be one of the most satisfying jobs in the United States. Yet many American teachers say they feel overworked, undervalued, and underpaid. This has led to what education experts call “teacher burnout,” a feeling of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion.In all, nearly 50 percent of American teachers leave the profession before their fifth year. That information comes from a 2010 study by the advisory service McKinsey & Company.And, a 2016 study from Penn State University found that 46 percent of teachers report high daily stress. Teachers say the stress affects their sleep, health, teaching performance, and quality of life. The study identified mindfulness training as one promising solution for improving teacher well-being.The Greater Good Science Center at the University of California — Berkeley studies the science and practice of well-being. It defines mindfulness as keeping “a moment-by-moment awareness of our thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and surrounding environment.”A person can reach this emotional state by spending time in quiet thought, without judging these thoughts and feelings. A number of people also meditate — they take slow, deep breaths to become calm.Many organizations around the country have designed mindfulness training programs for schools. Some of them are designed for teachers. The programs seek to reduce teacher stress while helping them be more effective in the classroom.Maureen Naughton is a seventh grade science teacher at a public middle school in the Bronx section of New York City. As a highly active teacher, Naughton would sometimes forget to take time to herself. But after the programs she shared the methods such as mindful walking and mindful eating — ways of enjoying those activities fully instead of being distracted by worries or responsibilities.Naughton also said the deep breathing methods help her to maintain calm when faced with the stress oftrying to “meet everyone’s needs”.25. What does “teacher burnout” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. A condition of happiness and sorrow.B. A situation of physical exercise.C. A feeling of mental, physical, and emotional tiredness.D. A feeling of mental, physical, and emotional relaxation.26. What do mindfulness training programs designed for teachers try to do?A. They try to make teachers take slow, deep breaths to become calm.B. They try to reduce teacher stress to help teachers be more effective when teaching.C. They try to make teachers enjoy those activities fully.D. They try to make teachers spend time in quiet thought, without judging these thoughts and feelings.27. What can we infer from Naughton’s words?A. The deep breathing methods are a good way to let her keep calm when faced with stress.B. She dislikes the deep breathing methods.C. Don’t be distracted by worries or possibiliti es.D. Enjoy all kinds of activities carefully.C（河南省豫南北名校2018届高三精英联赛）Pollution's great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country's total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions （二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficientlyduring the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition （拆毁）—than those who construct more regular buildings.The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.28. What is the text mainly about?A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.B. The process of building green buildings.C. The benefits and features of green buildings.D. Green buildings effects on the environment.29. According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______.A. produce no wasteB. only use clean energyC. are made of recycled materialsD. use energy and resources more efficiently30. Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.31. Why are green roofs used?A. They fit the surrounding environment well.B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs.C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life.D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well.D(河南省豫西南示范性高中2018届高三联考)Driverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping. Several companies recently announced plans to launch self sailing ships to improve safety and efficiency.One of them is Norwegian chemical company Yara International. Yara has teamed up with another Norwegian company, Kongsberg, to build an autonomous goods ship expected to launch next year. Kongsberg developed the ship’s electrical t echnology and autonomous control systems. The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution. It is designed to carry goods containers normally transported by truck. This means the ship will also improve road safety by replacing about 40,000 truck trips a year. The company plans to operate the ships by far-away control beginning sometime next year. By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves. While Yara’s ships will be limited to Norway at first, the company plans to greatly expand its autonomous shipping operations in the coming years.Another company putting a high priority (优先) to self sailing ships is the world’s largest mining company, Australia’s BHP Billiton. The company’s Vice President of Freight, Rashpal Bhatti, recently spoke about the technology in a website post. Bhatti believes automation will be one of the biggest changes for shipping in the future. He said, “Autonomous ships offer significant opportunities to improve safety andprovide better effectiveness results to the supply chain of the sea.” He added that self-sailing ships could become a reality within the next decade.Rolls-Royce, the British automobile and engine manufacturer, is also developing unmanned shipping technologies. Oskar Levander is the company’s head of operations at sea. He told a conference last year, “This is happening. It’s not if, it’s when.”Levander said these autonomous ships could be controlled by far-away operators from anywhere. He added, “Because these ships will be designed to be unmanned, they c an be built smaller, more efficient and environmentally friendly.”32. Why have several countries announced plans to produce self-sailing ships?A. To save money.B. To develop electrical technology in ships.C. To compete in autonomous control systems.D. To make shipping more effective and less risky.33. How will the Norwegian autonomous ship be developed?A. On the basis of Rolls-Royce.B. By a single company independently.C. By two native companies working together.D. By taking electrical technology from Australia.34. What do Oskar Levander’s words suggest in paragraph 4?A. It is too early to make autonomous ships.B. The supply chain of the sea will be busier.C. People are more concerned about autonomous ships.D. Unmanned shipping technologies are becoming more mature.35. What would be the best title for the text?A. Automation under SailB. Self-sailing Ships in UseC. Automation in Some FieldsD. Automation in Imagination第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三年级英语学科试卷（考试时间100分钟满分120分)本试卷共10页。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

1. These fresh vegetables are easy to rot so you ______ eat them within two days.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. would2. ______ the pictures on the screen more clearly, they moved to the front row.A. To watchB. WatchingC. WatchedD. Having watched3. He missed the worst of the traffic this morning, ______ he set out before 6 o’clock.A. butB. soC. forD. or4. ––Did you have to do much for the dinner party––No, Tina ______ everything by the time I got home.A. has finishedB. had finishedC. would finishD. will finish5. Two blocks beyond the school is a field ______ we often played football during childhood.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. where6. My parents graduated from this university; that’s ______ I insisted on applying for it.A. whichB. whyC. whatD. where7. ––Why are you buying a new refrigerator––The old one ______ so many times that it’s not worth it any more.A. has repairedB. is repairedC. has been repairedD. has been repairing8. A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably ______.A. neitherB. noneC. eitherD. both9. ––Can I give you a call on Saturday morning––I think I ______ to the mountains, so call me on my cell phone.A. driveB. am drivingC. will driveD. will be driving10. What will you do if the people ______ at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speechA. sittingB. sitC. satD. to sit11. Having a hobby is good f or you. It doesn’t matter what it is _____ it drives you forward.A. as long asB. thoughC. unlessD. in order that12. ______ the characters leave unsaid is often more important than what they put into words.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhatD. How13. ––My car is making a really strange noise.––You’d better get it ______ before you drive to Denver.A. looking atB. looked atC. to look atD. being looked at14. I wish I ______ your advice then. In that case things might not be so bad.A. have takenB. tookC. had takenD. would have taken15. W hat’s touching about being a volunteer is seeing _____ helping brings out the best in people.A. whatB. whetherC. whyD. how第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

英语注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A（广东佛山市2018届高三第一次教学质量检测）High school and college are periods of ever-expanding responsibility for students.You can get help from some practical apps.Check out these apps to get a head-start on being on top of your life!Sleep Cycle alarm clock(free;iOS,Android)Getting enough sleep is essential to getting a good education,but waking up rested isn’t just about how much you sleep;it’s about where you are in your sleep cycle when you wake up.Sleep Cycle uses your phone’s microphone and/or accelerometer to analyze your sleeping patterns and wake you up at the best time,when you’re in your lightest sleep state(within a window that you set,so that you’re not late). myHomework Student Planner(free;iOS,Android,Windows)The myHomework Student Planner is available on wide variety of platforms so that you can stay organized wherever you are.You can keep track of your class schedule and homework,get reminders for upcoming tests,and sync it across all of your platforms.There’s also a premium version for$4.99that takesaway the ads,gives you more themes,lets you add file attachments,and integrates access to external calendars.Circle of6(free;iOS,Android)Circle of6is an innovative safety app that connects you to six of your most trusted friends(your “circle”)and helps you keep track of each other.If you’re feeling scared about a situation you’re in you can send a per-programmed text to your circle with just two taps,and it will include your exact location.This could also be used by younger students to discreetly let their parents know that they’re in an uncomfortable situation and want to be picked up.Goodbudget(free;iOS,Android)Goodbudget can divide your money into virtual“envelopes”for things like Groceries, Transportation,Entertainment,Gas,and whatever else you need to budget for.The free version includes10 regular envelopes plus syncing across two devices.Or you can move to a premium subscription(溢价认购)($5/month,$45/year)for more envelopes,five devices,and a five-year transaction history.21.Which of the following is NOT true?A.All of the four apps can be used free of chargeB.Sleep Cycle alarm clock can make you sleep as much as possibleC.myHomework Student Planner can be used on computers and cellphonesD.Goodbudget can help you use your money wisely22.The app Goodbudge with a premium subscription for six months costs__________.A.$5B.$22.5C.$30D.$4523.Which might be the most useful for a primary school student who walks to the school alone every day?A.Sleep Cycle alarm clock(free;iOS,Android)B.myHomework Student Planner(free;iOS,Android,Windows)C.Circle of6(free;iOS,Android)D.Goodbudget(free;iOS,Android)B（广西桂梧高中2018届高三第五次联考）Summer heat can be dangerous,and heat leads to tragedy far too often.According to kidsandcars,org,an average of37young chi ldren per year die of car heat in the US,when they are accidentally left in a hot vehicle.For Bishop Curry,a fifth grader from Mckinney,Texas,one such incident hit close to home.A six-month-old baby from his neighborhood died after hours in a hot car.After hearing about her death, Curry decided that something needed to be done.Young Curry,who turned11this year,has always had a knack for inventing things,and he drew up a sketch(草图)of a device he called“Oasis.”The device would attach to carseats and watch the temperature inside the car.If it reached a certain temperature in the car,and the device sensed a child in the carseat,it would begin to circulate cool air. Curry also designs the device using GPS and Wi-Fi technology,which would alarm the child’s parents and, if there was no response from them,the police.Curry’s father believes that the invention has potential.“The cool thing about Bishop’s thinking is none of this technology is new,”he said.“We feel like the way he’s thinking and combining all these technologies will get to production faster.”His father even introduced the device to Toyota,where he works as an engineer.The company was so impressed that they sent Curry and his father to a car safety conference in Michigan.In January,Curry’s father launched a campaign for the invention.They hope to raise money to finalize the patent,build models,and find a manufacturer.Their goal was$20,000,but so many people beli eved in Oasis’potential that they have raised more than twice that--over$46,000.Curry’s father remembers the first time he saw his son’s sketch.“I was so proud of him for thinking of a solution,”he said.“We always just complain about things and rarely offer solutions.”24.What inspired Curry to invent Oasis?A.His narrow escape from death after being locked in a carB.His knowledge of many children’s death because of car heatC.The death of his neighbor’s baby after being left in a hot carD.The injury of37children in his school in a car accident25.What would Oasis do if it was hot in a car with a child?A.It would inform the parents or even the policeB.It would pump out the hot air in the carC.It would sound the alarm attached to the carD.It would get the window open to save the child26.What does Curry’s father think is cool about Curry’s invention?A.It used some of the most advanced technologyB.It simply combined technologies that existedC.It could accelerate production of new technologyD.It is the most advanced among similar products27.Why did Curry’s father start a campaign to raise money?A.To conduct experiments to test the inventionB.To get other children devoted to inventionsC.To support a charity of medical aid for childrenD.To get the patent and bring it to productionC（江西名校学术联盟2018届高三教学质量检测二）Reducing plastic waste isn’t easy because the cheap material is found in almost every household item.Now,a delicious and nutritious solution has come up to help reduce our dependence on this environmental hazard.David Christian,the co-founder of Evoware,says the idea of creating the biodegradable(生物降解的)products came from concern at the country’s high pollution rate.Indonesia is home to four of the world’s worst pollute d rivers.Since single-use packaging is a large contributor to the problem,Evoware decided to deal with that first.After investigating various materials,the company settled on seaweed.Unlike com,commonly used for biodegradable containers,seaweed does not require resources like water or large amounts of space. Since Indonesian farmers already harvest more seaweed than they can sell,it’s easy for the company to find the material.Though they will not reveal their production process,Evoware says the seaweed packaging contains no chemicals and is safe to consume.The company has also invented single-use cups,which can break down30days after they’re thrown away.While replacing plastic with the seaweed products may seem appealing to most of us,it is a hard-sell in Indonesia.According to Christian,“The awareness to reduce single-use plastic is still very low. This makes our bioplastic unnecessary.”Also a factor is the cost,which is higher than using plastic. Hopefully,Evoware will succeed in convincing Indonesians and people worldwide that switching to their products will be helpful to protecting our beautiful planet.28.What problem did Evoware decide to deal with first?A.Ways to clean the four worst polluted rivers.B.Means to contribute to the country’s economy.C.How to deal with single-use packaging.D.What nutritious materials for people to use.29.Why did Evoware choose seaweed?A.It didn’t require much space and was easy to get.B.It could be found everywhere in his country.C.It was most commonly used for packaging.D.It grew thickly in most of the polluted rivers.30.What can we infer from Christian’s words?A.Their seaweed products have won government support.B.Their new products have received wordwide popularity.C.The cost of making seaweed products will be lowered soon.D.Sometimes it’s hard to get people to reduce the use of plastics.31.What does the underlined word“hard-sell”(in Para.5)refer to?A.Something lasting long.B.Something hard to accept.C.Something easy to get.D.Something commonly seen.DA large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind:How can willpower be strengthened?If willpower is truly a limited resource,as the research suggests,what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation(诱惑)is an effective method for maintaining self-control,which is called the “out of sights,out of mind”principle.One recent study,for instance,found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks,in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question.When we face too many temptations,are we to fail?Not necessarily.Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted.Rather,people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves,allowing us to carry oneven when our self-control strength has been run down.High motivation might help overcome weaken Willpower at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱）to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison,they say.While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term,they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term.Similarly,regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strengthsThe evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach.Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas,so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time.In other words,don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time.Taking goals one by one is a better approach.Once a good habit is in place,Baumeister says,you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior.Eventually healthy habits will become routine,and won’t require making decisions at all.32.From the studies in the passage we learn that.A.people have unlimited self-controlB.high motivation ensures one's successC.willpower is hardly completely exhaustedD.too many temptations often lead to failure33.The underlined phrase“tap into”in Paragraph3most probably means.A.make use ofB.run out ofC.buildD.increase34.The author compares self–control to muscles.A.to prove the long-term effect of willpowerB.to show the significance of regular exerciseC.to argue that self-control can he easily used upD.to explain the benefits of practicing self-control35.To develop a good habit,which of the following does the author prefer?A.“I will give up dessert and do exercise.”B.“I will set three goals this new semester.”C.“I will keep myself from any temptation.”D.“I will read an English novel every month.”第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。