北京人大附中2018届高三上学期期末考试生物仿真(A)卷及答案

2018-2019学年北京市海淀区高三（上）期末生物模拟试卷一、单选题（本大题共25小题，共40.0分）1. 真核细胞中，下列物质与其合成场所对应有误的是（）A. 淀粉一叶绿体B. 磷脂一内质网C. tRNA-细胞核D. 抗体一高尔基体【答案】D【解析】解：A、叶绿体基质中三碳化合物在还原氢和ATP及酶的参与下生成淀粉等糖类，A正确；B、磷脂在内质网合成，B正确；C、tRNA是由转录形成的，此转录发生在细胞核内，C正确；D、抗体是蛋白质，在核糖体合成，D错误。

故选：D。

阅读题干可知，该题涉及的知识点是细胞器、细胞核的结构和功能，对于不同细胞器的结构和功能进行梳理，然后分析选项进行解答。

对于不同细胞器的结构和功能以及细胞核的功能的理解，把握知识点间的内在联系是解题的关键，需要考生注重平常的积累。

2. 下列生命活动中不需要ATP提供能量的是（）A. 淀粉酶催化淀粉水解为麦芽糖B. 吞噬细胞吞噬病原体的过程C. 细胞中由氨基酸合成新的肽链D. 叶绿体基质中三碳化合物的还原【答案】A【解析】解：A、淀粉酶催化淀粉水解为麦芽糖的过程不消耗ATP，A正确；B、吞噬细胞吞噬病原体的过程为胞吞过程，需消耗ATP，B错误；C、细胞中由氨基酸合成新的肽链需消耗ATP，C错误；D、叶绿体基质中三碳化合物的还原需消耗ATP，D错误。

故选：A。

1、ATP是细胞生命活动的直接能源物质，细胞内的生命活动大都需要ATP为其直接提供能量；2、质跨膜运输的方式分为自由扩散、协助扩散和主动运输，自由扩散不需要载体和能量，协助扩散需要载体不需要能量，自由扩散和协助扩散都是顺浓度梯度运输，主动运输既需要载体也需要能量，是逆浓度梯度运输．3、胞吞和胞吐属于非跨膜运输，需要消耗能量，分泌蛋白质的分泌过程属于胞吐过程．本题主要考查学生对知识的理解和记忆能力．脂肪是生物体中良好的储能物质，糖类是生物体中主要的能源物质，ATP是生物体所需能量的直接能源物质，根本的能量来源是太阳能．3. 在人体生长发育过程中，通常不会发生（）A. 通过细胞分裂增加细胞数目B. 通过细胞分化增加细胞种类C. 通过细胞凋亡实现细胞数量调控D. 通过细胞衰老实现个体衰老【答案】D【解析】解：A、通过细胞分裂增加细胞数目，A正确；B、通过细胞分化增加细胞种类，B正确；C、通过细胞凋亡实现细胞数量调控，C正确；D、在生物个体的生长发育的各个时期，都存在细胞的衰老和凋亡现象。

2018年北京市人大附中高考生物模拟试卷（一）(J)副标题一、单选题（本大题共5小题，共5.0分）1.下列对细胞结构和功能的叙述，正确的是（）A. 大肠杆菌的核糖体是噬菌体衣壳蛋白合成的场所B. 醋酸杆菌的线粒体是进行有氧呼吸的主要场所C. 蓝藻的叶绿体是进行光合作用的场所D. 黑藻的中心体可参与纺锤体的形成【答案】A【解析】解：A、噬菌体寄生在大肠杆菌中，其蛋白质外壳是利用大肠杆菌中的核糖体合成的，A正确；B、醋酸杆菌属于原核生物，原核细胞中没有线粒体，B错误；C、蓝藻属于原核生物，没有叶绿体，C错误；D、黑藻是被子植物，属于高等植物，细胞结构中不含中心体，D错误。

故选：A。

原核细胞与真核细胞相比，最大的区别是原核细胞没有被核膜包被的成形的细胞核（没有核膜、核仁和染色体）；原核细胞中只有核糖体一种细胞器．但原核生物含有细胞膜、细胞质结构，含有核酸和蛋白质等物质．蓝藻没有叶绿体，含有叶绿素和藻蓝素，能进行光合作用；醋酸杆菌虽然没有线粒体，但是细胞中含有有氧呼吸的酶系统．本题着重考查了细胞结构和功能的有关知识，要求考生识记原核细胞和真核细胞的形态和结构的异同，识记噬菌体的DNA复制和蛋白质合成均在细菌中完成；识记中心体在细胞中的分布，能运用所学的知识准确判断各选项，属于考纲识记层次的考查．2.某种着色性干皮症的致病原因是由于相关染色体DNA发生损伤后，未能完成如图所示的修复过程．下列相关说法不正确的是（）A. 该病是由于染色体结构变异所致B. 酶Ⅰ或酶Ⅱ功能异常或缺失都可导致患病C. 完成过程③至少需要2种酶D. 该修复过程的场所是在细胞核中【答案】A【解析】解：A、该病是由于基因结构改变引起的，属于基因突变，A错误；B、由图可知，该DNA的修复需要酶Ⅰ和酶Ⅱ，因此酶Ⅰ或酶Ⅱ功能异常或缺失都可导致患病，B正确；C、完成过程③需要DNA聚合酶将脱氧核苷酸连接到DNA片段上，之后还需要DNA 连接酶将DNA片段连接起来，C正确；D、染色体位于细胞核中，因此修复染色体DNA损伤的过程发生在细胞核中，D正确。

北京海淀区2018届高三第一学期期末练习生物试题一、选择题1. 真核细胞中，下列物质与其合成场所对应有误的是A. 淀粉一叶绿体B. 磷脂一内质网C. tRNA—细胞核D. 抗体一高尔基体【答案】D【解析】淀粉合成发生于叶绿体基质，A项正确；磷脂属于脂质，在内质网中合成，B项正确；tRNA是转录的产物，转录发生于细胞核，C项正确；抗体属于蛋白质，在核糖体合成，D项错误。

2. 下列生命活动中不需要ATP提供能量的是A. 淀粉酶催化淀粉水解为麦芽糖B. 吞噬细胞吞噬病原体的过程C. 细胞中由氨基酸合成新的肽链D. 叶绿体基质中三碳化合物的还原【答案】A【解析】淀粉酶催化淀粉水解为麦芽糖不需要ATP提供能量；吞噬细胞吞噬病原体的过程依赖于细胞膜的流动性，需要ATP提供能量；氨基酸脱水缩合需要ATP提供能量；叶绿体基质中三碳化合物的还原需要光反应提供的ATP。

选A。

3. 在人体生长发育过程中，通常不会发生A. 通过细胞分裂增加细胞数目B. 通过细胞分化增加细胞种类C. 通过细胞凋亡实现细胞数量调控D. 通过细胞衰老实现个体衰老【答案】D【解析】人体生长发育过程中，通过细胞分裂增加细胞数目，通过细胞分化增加细胞种类；通过细胞凋亡补充衰老死亡的细胞，实现细胞数量调控；细胞的衰老不代表个体的衰老，细胞的普遍衰老才导致个体的衰老。

选D。

4. 鳟鱼的眼色和体色分别由两对等位基因控制。

以红眼黄体鳟鱼和黑眼黑体鳟鱼为亲本，进行正交和反交，实验结果相同，如下图所示。

下列叙述正确的是A. 鳟鱼眼色性状中红色为显性性状B. 亲本中黑眼黑体鳟鱼为隐性纯合子C. F2黑眼黑体中纯合子的比例是1/4D. F2中黑眼黄体鳟鱼有四种基因型【答案】D【解析】红眼黄体鳟鱼和黑眼黑体鳟鱼杂交，F1均为黑眼，说明黑眼为显性，A项、B项错误；根据两对相对性状的杂交实验结果，F2黑眼黑体中纯合子的比例是1/2，C项错误；F2中黑眼黄体鳟鱼有四种基因型，D项正确。

北京海淀区2018届高三第一学期期末练习生物试题一、选择题（在四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。

每小题1分，共10分。

）1.真核细胞中，下列物质与其合成场所对应有误的是A.淀粉一叶绿体B.磷脂一内质C.tRNA—细胞核D.抗体一高尔基体2.下列生命活动中不需要ATP提供能量的是A.淀粉酶催化淀粉水解为麦芽糖B.吞噬细胞吞噬病原体的过程C.细胞中由氨基酸合成新的肽链D.叶绿体基质中三碳化合物的还原3.在人体生长发育过程中，通常不会发生A.通过细胞分裂增加细胞数目B.通过细胞分化增加细胞种类C.通过细胞凋亡实现细胞数量调控D.通过细胞衰老实现个体衰老4.鳟鱼的眼色和体色分别由两对等位基因控制。

以红眼黄体鳟鱼和黑眼黑体鳟鱼为亲本，进行正交和反交，实验结果相同，如下图所示。

下列叙述正确的是A.鳟鱼眼色性状中红色为显性性状B.亲本中黑眼黑体鳟鱼为隐性纯合子C.F2黑眼黑体中纯合子的比例是1/4D.F2中黑眼黄体鳟鱼有四种基因型5.有丝分裂过程中，不会发生的是A.基因自由组合B.基因突变C.染色体结构变异D.染色体数目变异6.下图为反射弧结构示意图，A〜E表示反射弧中的结构，①、②表示刺激位点。

下列有关叙述不正确的是A.B将兴奋向神经（反射）中枢传递B.在神经肌肉接点处和C处均存在突触C.刺激②处可以在A处检测到电位变化D.刺激①处引起E收缩的过程不是反射7.将小鼠B细胞注入家兔体内，产生免疫反应后，家兔血清能使小鼠T细胞凝集成细胞集团。

而未经免疫的家兔血清不能使小鼠T细胞凝集成团。

T细胞凝集现象的出现是因为A.小鼠B细胞诱导家兔产生细胞免疫B.小鼠T细胞诱导家兔产生体液免疫C.小鼠B细胞和小鼠T细胞有相同抗原D.小鼠T细胞和家兔T细胞有相同抗原8.细颗粒物（PM2.5）可影响免疫系统功能，下表相关推论不正确的是A.种群中的个体是生物进化的基本单位B.群落由多个不同种群及无机环境组成C.群落是各物种适应环境和彼此相互适应的产物D.生态系统依靠正反馈调节机制实现系统的稳态10.下列关于家庭中制作果酒、果醋、泡菜过程的叙述，正确的是A.都需要严格的灭菌B.都需要接种相应微生物C.都在无氧条件下进行D.都利用异养微生物发酵二、选择题（在四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。

2018北京市人大附中高三（上）期末仿真测试卷物理（A）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、选择题(本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分，1～5题每题只有一个正确答案，6～8题有多个选项正确，全部选对得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分)1．以下有关物理学概念或物理学史的说法正确的是( )A．牛顿发现了万有引力定律，卡文迪许用实验方法测出引力常量的数值，从而使万有引力定律有了真正的实用价值B．匀速圆周运动是速度大小不变的匀变速曲线运动，速度方向始终为切线方向C．行星绕恒星运动轨道为圆形，则它运动的周期的平方与轨道半径的三次方之比为常数，此常数的大小与恒星的质量和行星的速度均有关D．奥斯特发现了电与磁之间的关系，即电流的周围存在着磁场；同时他通过实验发现了磁也能产生电，即电磁感应现象2．某卫星在半径为r的轨道1上做圆周运动，动能为E1，变轨到轨道2上后，动能比在轨道1上减小了ΔE，在轨道2上也做圆周运动，则轨道2的半径为( )A.E1E1－ΔEr B.E1ΔErC.ΔEE1－ΔEr D.E1－ΔEΔEr3．两根长度不同的细线下面分别悬挂两个小球，细线上端固定在同一点，若两个小球以相同的角速度，绕共同的竖直轴在水平面内做匀速圆周运动，则两个摆球在运动过程中，相对位置关系示意图正确的是()4．如图所示，在加速向左运动的车厢中，一人用力向前推车厢(人与车厢始终保持相对静止)，则下列说法正确的是( )A ．人对车厢做正功B ．人对车厢做负功C ．人对车厢不做功D ．无法确定人对车厢是否做功5．电子束焊接机中的电场线如图中虚线所示。

2018-2019学年北京市东城区高三（上）期末生物试卷一、单选题（本大题共30小题，共30.0分）1.以下物质中可以用32P标记的是（）A. 核苷酸B. 氨基酸C. 脂肪酸D. 丙酮酸【答案】A【解析】解：用32P标记的物质，必须是组成元素中含有P的物质，根据试题分析，只有A选项的组成元素含有P，可以用32P标记。

故选：A。

核苷酸的组成元素为C、H、O、N、P；氨基酸的组成元素为C、H、O、N；脂肪酸的组成元素为C、H、O；丙酮酸的组成元素为C、H、O。

本题考查了组成生物体的恶化和无的元素组成，意在癌考查考生的识记和理解能力，属于基础题。

2.如图所示，通常当血压偏低时，血管紧张素原在相应酶催化下，转变为生物活性较低的血管紧张素Ⅰ，进而转变成血管紧张素Ⅱ，引起血管强烈收缩，使血压升高到正常水平。

以下叙述不正确的是（）A. 血管紧张素原、肾素和血管紧张素转换酶均在核糖体上合成B. 血管紧张素Ⅰ是十肽化合物、血管紧张素Ⅱ含有7个肽键C. 血管紧张素Ⅰ和血管紧张素Ⅱ均能与斐林试剂产生紫色反应D. 利用血管紧张素转换酶的抑制剂可使高血压患者降低血压【答案】C【解析】解：A、血管紧张素原是由氨基酸脱水缩合形成的，肾素和血管紧张素转换酶的化学本质都是蛋白质，因此它们均在核糖体上合成，A正确；B、由图可知，血管紧张素Ⅰ由10个氨基酸脱水缩合形成，因此是十肽化合物、血管紧张素Ⅱ是由8个氨基酸脱水缩合形成，因此含有7个肽键，B正确；C、血管紧张素Ⅰ和血管紧张素Ⅱ都属于多肽，它们都能与双缩脲试剂产生紫色反应，C错误；D、利用血管紧张素转换酶的抑制剂可抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ的形成，使高血压患者降低血压，D正确。

故选：C。

分析题图：血管紧张素原、血管紧张素Ⅰ和血管紧张素Ⅱ都是多肽，它们都是在核糖体上合成的，都能与双缩脲试剂发生紫色反应。

本题结合图解，考查蛋白质的相关知识，要求考生识记蛋白质合成过程，掌握脱水缩合过程中的相关计算；掌握检测蛋白质实验的原理，能正确分析题图，再结合图中信息准确判断各选项。

2017-2018学年上学期高三期末考试仿真测试卷英语（A）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A（广东省五校2018届高三12月联考）The Whizzfizzing FestivalOne of the “Home Counties” to the north and west of London, Buckinghamshire is known for the rolling Chiltern Hills, its pretty villages, and the much-loved children’s author Roald Dahl.The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matildo and The Big Friendly Giant is the inspiration for the Whizzfizzing festival—which will transform the market-town of Aylesbury into all kinds of music, colour and fun on Saturday, 1 July.Formerly known as The Roald Dahl Festival, this year’s event will celebrate a broad range of children’s films and bring to life some of its best-loved characters—from Alice in Wonderland and the Gruffalo to The Big Friendly Giant and Harry Potter.The festivities start at 11 am with a colourful children’s parade. More than 650 local school children and teachers, many in fancy dress, will march through the town carrying giant carnival puppets, with thousands of audiences lining the streets to watch.The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in main streets across the town.Don’t be late for the Mad Hatters Tea Party in the BucksC ountryMuseum. Catch a splendid screening of a Roald Dahl movie in the Old Court House, watch leading children’s authors, including Julian Clary, and give readings in the Market Square.With hands on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone. For more information, visit:https:///aylesbury-whizzfizzing-festival-inspired-roald-dohl21. Who will show special interest in the Whizzfizzing Festival?A. Children.B. Film stars.C. Publishers.D. Children’s authors.22. Which film was made from Roald Dahl’s works?A. Gruffalo.B. Harry Potter.C. Alice in Wonderland.D. The Big Friendly Giant.23. Which of the following best describes the Whizzfizzing Festival?A. Various.B. Global.C. Serious.D. Ordinary.B（河北省五个一联盟2018届高三上二次联考）Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was somet hing minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding(衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they hadforgone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”. When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t miss an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say if only about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’ m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.24. Why does the writer regard “if only” as two of the saddest words in the English language?A. Because people use them when they feel sad.B. Because they express regret and disappointment in life.C. Because they remind the writer of some sad experiences.D. Because they mean sad in the English language.25. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3?A. Given up.B. Come across.C. Got through.D. Held back.26. The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to .A. see a doctorB. finish her workC. join a celebrationD. accompany her father27. What is the best title for the passage?A. Advice from My FatherB. Avoidance of Saying “If Only”C. The “Extra Minute” RuleD. The Importance of Emotional Well-beingC（辽宁省大连市2018届高三二次联考）“One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker whe n I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quit the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.In her study, participants were randomly(随机地) assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy(疗法) with a nurse before and after quit day.Six months later, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it---more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice,’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them addiction and withdrawal symptoms(脱瘾症状) before they even reached the day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s acceptable. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.28. What dose Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?A. She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.B. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.C. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.D. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.29. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?A. They were given physical training.B. They were offered nicotine replacement.C. They were encouraged by psychologist.D. They were looked after by physicians.30. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?A. It is encouraging.B. It is unexpected.C. It is impractical.D. It is misleading.31. Take the idea of “a marathon” (Para.5) as an example to show that quitting smoking.A. is something few can accomplishB. requires a lot of patienceC. needs some practice firstD. is a challenge at the beginningD（四川省南充一中2018届高三上第三次检测）My daughter went to see The Wild One recently and she commented that Marion Brando was wearing jeans so long ago. Of course he helped set the trend, so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion. Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for long. The Wild One is a good example: it appeared in 1954, starring Brando. Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket, leather cap and jeans, he created a look which is still considered “cool” today. Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffany’s, stalling Audrey Hepburn. She made famous the simple black chess that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffany’s with a pastry and coffee in your hand, as Audrey Hepburn does in the film. She looks so elegant, wearing simple but beautiful dresses, big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck. Audrey Hepburn still influences women’s fashion with her “Tiffany’s look”.In more modem times, the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film Pulp Fiction, made in 1994. Her style was very simple. Her black trousers, crisp white shirt and hair style was copied by women in the world.Influencing fashion trends can often be about timing. The movie Memoirs of a Geisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion. It starred the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi, who wore beautiful silk kimonos (和服), and it won an Oscar for Costume Design. Many travel companies picked up oil the trend andran “geisha trips” to Japan. The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos. It is now quite common to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions, but at various social events. The fashion is also beginning to spread to western countries.32. What is the best title of the passage?A. Films and fashionB. Stars’ fashionC. Influential filmsD. Film cultures33. Who will people associate Madonna wearing the leather motorcycle jacket with?A. Zhang Ziyi.B. Audrey Hepburn.C. Uma Thurman.D. Marlon Brando.34. What is implied in the film Breakfast in Tiffany’s according to the passage?A. One can be active by wearing black.B. One can be elegant by wearing simply.C. One can be famous by looking perfect.D. One can be stylish by eating at Tiffany’s.35. What does the film Memoirs of a Geisha lead to?A. The popularity of the Chinese actress.B. The worldwide reading of Geisha stories.C. The recovery of interest in kimonos.D. The “geisha trips” to social events.第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

2018北京市人大附中高三（上）期末仿真测试卷生物（B）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、单项选择题:认真审题，仔细想一想，然后选出唯一正确答案。

（本题包括6小题，每小题6分共36分。

）1.（2018辽宁实验中学）室旁核是下丘脑中既能产生兴奋又能分泌催产素（多肽激素）的神经元。

下列叙述中正确的是（）A. 室旁核接受刺激产生兴奋的过程与其细胞膜上的蛋白质无关B. 催产素的合成需要模板，此模板的单体间通过肽键连接C. 室旁核分泌催产素的过程体现了生物膜具有流动性D. 室旁核从组织液中吸收氨基酸和氧气均需膜上的载体协助2.（2018湖南师大附中）下列有关生物学实验的叙述，正确的是（）A. 在观察叶绿体形态和分布的实验中，使用生理盐水制作黑藻临时装片B. 低温诱导大蒜根尖时间过短，可能导致难以观察到染色体加倍的细胞C. 用显微镜观察洋葱根尖装片时，需保持细胞活性以便观察有丝分裂过程D. 将洋葱表皮放入0.3 g/mL蔗糖溶液中，可观察到质壁分离自动复原过程3.（2018长郡中学）将某一经3H充分标记DNA的雄性动物细胞（染色体数为2N）置于不含3H的培养基中培养，该细胞分裂两次后形成4个大小相等的子细胞。

下列有关说法不正确的是（）A. 若子细胞中染色体数为2N，则这4个子细胞中含3H的细胞至少有2个B. 若这4个子细胞中含3H标记的DNA分子所占比例为100%，则子细胞中染色体数可能为NC. 若在某次分裂的后期，细胞中每条染色体上分布有1个DNA分子，则该细胞移向细胞两极的核基因相同D. 若出现了不含3H标记的子细胞，则其原因是细胞分裂过程中发生了同源染色体的分离4.（2018江西省联考）已知蜜蜂种群中，蜂王（可育）、工蜂（不育）都是由受精卵发育而来，雄蜂是由未受精的卵细胞发育而来。